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DC System Design
DANGER
ELECTRICAL SHOCK AND FIRE HAZARD
Out of the listed tasks, String sizing is the most important one as many other
decisions depend on it. Like type and size of module mounting tables,
interconnection arrangements and cable routing.
inverter providing the minimum voltage start-up of the same, and secondly, to
avoid failures in the inverter from surge, with the main objective of maximizing
electricity production.
By defining:
The Standard Test Conditions (STC) for measurement are the irradiation
conditions and temperature of the solar cell, widely used to characterize the
cells, PV Modules and solar generators and defined as follows:
To determine the temperature of the cell in any situation using the following
formula:
Where:
For this use case, let's calculate the incident radiation when we have a Vmp of
1000 W/m2 and ambient temperature of 35 °C. Assume that NOCT of PV module
correspond to 48 °C (standard value from manufacturer’s data sheet),
The temperature difference of the cells relative to Standard Test Conditions will
be:
As the manufacturer indicates the variation with temperature of the open circuit
voltage, Vmp to obtain the temperatures of cells shall be indicated by the power
from the PV Module at this temperature divided by the intensity of maximum
power at the same temperature.
This approximation is always the most correct, as the intensity is much more
stable compared to the voltage and it will be possible to assimilate the intensity
variation with temperature of the intensity of a short circuit with the maximum
power.
In the second extreme case, the maximum number of PV panels in series that
can be installed to connect the inverter, is given by the ratio between the
maximum input voltage of the inverter and the open circuit voltage of PV Modules
in a situation where the inverter starts with an ambient temperature of 0º C.
Conext CL inverter starts at 130W nominal power value and consider that
approximately we can get to 40 W/m2 radiation accident.
The temperature difference of the cells relative to Standard Test Conditions will
be:
-3.6 – 25 = - 28.6 ºC
Since the maximum voltage is 1,000 V borne by inverters we can know the
maximum number of panels to be placed in series will be: for a 300Wp Poly C-Si
module,
Any chosen configuration between 13 to 20 modules will fit, but 20 would be the
most desirable choice.
The tool is easy to use and available for both Mac and Windows users. The
following link can be used to download the tool.
http://solar.schneider-electric.com/product/conext-designer/
Any string to be connected to each MPPT input has to be within this limit of Short
circuit current for Independent MPPT operation.
For a Single MPPT operation (MPPT inputs shorted) current limits to follow are
62A for Impp and 77A for Isc.
For the sizing of Strings to connect with Conext CL inverters, one must observe
the short circuit current of PV Module it is going to connect with and number of
parallel string being connected to each MPPT or overall. If there is any multiplier
to be considered based on local standardization or safety authorities, cables and
overcurrent protection devices should be rated for this multiplier (like 25%
overrated).
The DC switch provided with Conext CL inverter is rated 40A DC current and it
breaks both MPPT inputs simultaneously when operated.
20kW Conext CL Inverter if connected to four strings, can be used without fuses
but just using Y type string connectors (near PV modules) to combine two strings
into one and terminating one cable on each MPPT terminal. This solution is most
economical option for string connections. Similar approach is not possible for
25kW CL Inverters as more than two strings in parallel requires fuses to avoid
reverse currents in case of fault in one of the parallel connected strings.
All DC string cables should be designed for not more than 1% voltage drop.
2KLI
Vd = -------------------------------
Cm
Vd
Pct_Vd = ----------- 100
Vop
Where:
When a Conext CL inverter is selected with Basic wiring box model, user should
carefully define the DC side protection and disconnect requirement depending
upon the location of inverter with respect to PV module strings.
There are several ways modules can be installed using some standard racking
options. We suggest our customers to analyze following parameter before
deciding the type of arrangement to interconnect.
Example:
Since this set up does not end up in a complete number, we have following
choices:
8. Connect shadowed strings to same MPPT and others to the different MPPT to
achieve maximum harvest.
9. Do not combine separate ratings of PV modules in one string
Now considering above basic rules and given situation, we decide to connect 20
PV modules of 300Wp in one string and 5 strings to each inverter.
The other way to connect the string when portrait arrangement is chosen can be:
Figure 3-2 String arrangement and interconnection example with Portrait oriented modules
It is essential to understand and select the right circuit components when any PV
system is designed. After the cables, racking and strings, we will move on to the
next circuit component identified as DC Box.
Function
1. SW60DC switch – Disconnects each MPPT input of the inverter from the DC
line disconnect.
2. PRD-DC – Protects the inverter against voltage surges coming from DC lines
(Applicable for the Base model only and if circuit required additional SPD).
3. MX+OF releases / MN releases Controls the release of the switches remotely
for emergency purpose – For Rapid shutdown purpose of for fireman safety
requirement.
Typical use
1. The DC box is an optional offer, but is necessary when:
• Local regulations require the use of external DC switch disconnects
• Local regulations require the disconnection of DC lines remotely
(generally as close as possible to the PV modules) in case of emergency
• The lightning risk assessment concludes that protection by SPD is
required
• However, DC Box is required when the base model is chosen
2. The PV array of each MPPT input is preferably disconnected separately
• One switch disconnect per DC input
3. DC box is installed close the PV modules when: