Apple Cider Vinegar-Vinegar made from fermented apple

cider
https://medical-
dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Apple+Cider+Vinegar

Soil-Chances are that you haven't thought a lot about the

soil under your feet, but you may be surprised at the
complexity of soil. Soil varies in its composition and the
structure of its particles, and these factors are closely
examined by farmers, who need appropriate soil for
planting crops, as well as engineers who may need to
understand how soil is going to hold up under different
demands. Soil is also vitally important to the
sustainability of an ecosystem because it serves as the
natural medium for the growth of vegetation. In this
lesson, you will discover just what soil is and which
factors are looked at when determining the structure and
the types of soil. So, what exactly is soil? Soil can be
defined as the organic and inorganic materials on the
surface of the earth that provide the medium for plant
growth. Soil develops slowly over time and is composed
of many different materials. Inorganic materials, or those
materials that are not living, include weathered rocks and
minerals. Weathering is the mechanical or chemical
process by which rocks are broken down into smaller
pieces. As rocks are broken down, they mix with organic
materials, which are those materials that originate from
living organisms. For example, plants and animals die and
decompose, releasing nutrients back into the soil.
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-soil-
definition-structure-types.html

Water-,Water, a substance composed of the chemical

elements hydrogen and oxygen and existing in gaseous,
liquid, and solid states. It is one of the most plentiful and
essential of compounds. A tasteless and odourless liquid
at room temperature, it has the important ability to
dissolve many other substances. Indeed, the versatility of
water as a solvent is essential to living organisms. Life is
believed to have originated in the aqueous solutions of
the world’s oceans, and living organisms depend on
aqueous solutions, such as blood and digestive juices, for
biological processes. In small quantities water appears
colourless, but water actually has an intrinsic blue colour
caused by slight absorption of light at red wavelengths.
https://www.britannica.com/science/water

Sunlight-Sunlight, also called sunshine, solar radiation

that is visible at Earth’s surface. The amount of sunlight is
dependent on the extent of the daytime cloud cover.
Some places on Earth receive more than 4,000 hours per
year of sunlight (more than 90 percent of the maximum
possible), as in the Sahara; others receive less than 2,000
hours, as in regions of frequent storminess, such as
Scotland and Iceland. Over much of the middle-latitude
region of the world, the amount of sunlight varies
regularly as the day progresses, owing to greater cloud
cover in the early morning and during the late afternoon.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/sunlight-solar-
radiation
Description of fertilizers

Leslie-Hancock Garden (Ericaceae). Photo: Jardin

botanique de Montréal (Michel Tremblay)

Main fertilizers
Fertilizers are substances intended to supply plants with
nutrients. Some organic amendments, including compost
and composted manure, also act as fertilizers.

Plants need a variety of nutrients in order to grow and

thrive. Some of these elements come from the air and
water, but most are drawn from the soil, by the action of
microorganisms. The gardener’s job is to feed the soil and
the organisms in it, so that they can in turn feed the
plants.

The best way to feed the soil is to add compost or

composted manure to it on a regular basis. By using
different kinds of compost and manure over the years,
you can ensure that your plants have access to a full
range of nutrients.

Fertilizers are used along with compost and composted

manure, largely in the following circumstances:

when soil test results show a mineral deficiency

to pep up a plant that has suffered considerable stress
from disease, insect pests, drought, overpruning,
transplanting, etc.
to increase plant yield and vigour
for growing plants requiring a lot of fertilizer
for growing plants in pots or containers
Fertilizers
There are two types of fertilizers: natural (organic or
mineral) fertilizers and synthetic (chemical) ones.
http://m.espacepourlavie.ca/en/description-fertilizers
Fertilizer, natural or artificial substance containing the
chemical elements that improve growth and
productiveness of plants. Fertilizers enhance the natural
fertility of the soil or replace the chemical elements taken
from the soil by previous crops.
A brief treatment of fertilizer follows. For full treatment,
see agricultural technology: Fertilizing and conditioning
the soil.

The use of manure and composts as fertilizers is probably

almost as old as agriculture. Modern chemical fertilizers
include one or more of the three elements that are most
important in plant nutrition: nitrogen, phosphorus, and
potassium. Of secondary importance are the elements
sulfur, magnesium, and calcium.

Most nitrogen fertilizers are obtained from synthetic

ammonia; this chemical compound (NH3) is used either
as a gas or in a water solution, or it is converted into salts
such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and
ammonium phosphate, but packinghouse wastes, treated
garbage, sewage, and manure are also common sources
of it. Phosphorus fertilizers include calcium phosphate
derived from phosphate rock or bones. The more soluble
superphosphate and triple superphosphate preparations
are obtained by the treatment of calcium phosphate with
sulfuric and phosphoric acid, respectively. Potassium
fertilizers, namely potassium chloride and potassium
sulfate, are mined from potash deposits. Mixed fertilizers
contain more than one of the three major nutrients—
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Mixed fertilizers
can be formulated in hundreds of ways.

On modern farms a variety of machines are used to apply

synthetic fertilizer in solid, gaseous, or liquid form. One
type distributes anhydrous ammonia, a liquid under
pressure, which becomes a nitrogenous gas when freed
from pressure as it enters the soil. A metering device
operates valves to release the liquid from the tank. Solid-
fertilizer distributors have a wide hopper, with holes in
the bottom; distribution is effected by various means,
such as rollers, agitators, or endless chains traversing the
hopper bottom. Broadcast distributors have a tub-shaped
hopper from which the material falls onto revolving disks
that distribute it in a broad swath.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/fertilizer

Fertilizers are any solid, liquid or gaseous substances

containing one or more plant nutrients.
They are either applied to the soil, directly on the plant
(foliage) or added to aqueous solutions, in order to
maintain soil fertility, improve crop development, yield
and/or crop quality.
The purpose of fertilizers are to supplement the natural
supply of soil nutrient, build up soil fertility in order to
satisfy the demand of crops with a high yield potential
and to compensate for the nutrients taken by harvested
products or lost by unavoidable leakages to the
environment, in order to maintain good soil conditions
for cropping.
Manufactured fertilizers are classified according to
different criteria as follows:
Number of nutrients
single-nutrient or straight fertilizers (whether for macro
or micronutrients);
multi-nutrient/compound (multiple nutrients) fertilizers,
with 2, 3 or more nutrients.
Type of combination
mixed fertilizers or ‘bulk-blends’ are physical mixtures of
two or more single-nutrient or multi-nutrient fertilizers.
Physical condition
solid (crystalline, powdered, prilled or granular) of
various size ranges;
liquid (solutions and suspensions);
gaseous (liquid under pressure, e.g. ammonia).
Nutrient release
quick-acting (water-soluble and immediately available);
slow-acting (transformation into soluble form required,
e.g. direct application of phosphate rock);
controlled-release by coating;
stabilized by inhibitors.
https://www.fertilizer.org/aboutfertilizers