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Abstract—As the large grounding grid occupies large area, This paper studies the factors affecting the grounding
the potential difference on the grounding grid is obvious, and the impedance by using the simulation tool CDEGS. The
proportion of inductive components in the grounding impedance characteristics of the grounding impedance of the large
is larger. Then the design and the operation of the grounding grounding grid are discussed. The result may provide a
grid are different from the small grounding grid. The paper technical reference for design, operation and maintenance of
studies the characteristics of resistive component and inductive the large grounding grid.
component in the grounding impedance of the large grounding
grid. The factors affecting the grounding impedance and the II. CALCULATION METHOD
features of the large grounding grid are discussed. The results
can provide a technical reference for design, operation and From the view of whether the potential drop on the
maintenance of the large grounding grid. grounding grid is considered or not, the numerical method of
grounding analysis can be divided into an equipotential method
Keywords—grounding; grounding impedance; inductive and an unequal potential method. In the equipotential method,
reactance; soil resistivity; substation the grounding electrode is considered as the ideal conductor,
and potentials at all positions of the grounding grid are equal.
I. INTRODUCTION The equipotential method is suitable for the analysis of the
The grounding system is the basic guarantee of safe and small grounding grid or the situations under which the
reliable operation of the power system [1]. Along with grounding material conductivity is good, and the soil resistivity
continuous increase of voltage level, the transmission capacity is higher, and the result obtained by the equipotential method is
becomes larger and larger, the short-circuit current of the only the grounding resistance caused by the distribution of soil
substation also increases correspondingly. Thus, the resistivity, in which the grounding impedance cannot be
requirements for the ultra-high (extra-high) voltage substation contained [2, 3]. As in the unequal potential method, the
are higher. On the other hand, due to the lack of land and then resistivity and permeability in the grounding electrode are
the difficulty of selection of substation site, many substations considered, the potentials at all positions are unequal [4-6]. The
are built in areas with high soil resistivity. Therefore, a greater unequal potential method is suitable for the analysis of the
challenge is brought to the design of the large grounding grid. large grounding grid or the situations under which the
The grounding grid is paid more attention to by design, grounding material conductivity is poor and the permeability is
construction and operation departments. high. Because the grounding impedance calculated by using the
unequal potential method contains inductive components, the
As the grounding grid of the large substation occupies large calculated result is more accurate. The paper uses the
area, before the fault current flows into ground, it flows developed unequal potential method to calculate the grounding
through the grounding conductor for a long distance. At the resistance of large grounding grids [4]. The characteristics of
same time, a large number of steel with very high permeability the grounding impedance of the large grounding grid and the
and then high inductive components in the longitudinal factors affecting the grounding impedance will be analyzed. In
impedance is used as grounding materials in China, so that the the following parts, the result calculated by the equipotential
grounding resistance of the large grounding grid at power method is called the grounding resistance, and the result
frequency is inductive [1]. In the traditional analysis, as only calculated by the unequal potential method is called the
the grounding resistance is concerned, the grounding grounding impedance.
impedance is rarely studied, and the grounding impedance
characteristics of the large grounding grid and the factors III. EFFECT OF AREA OF GROUNDING GRID
affecting the grounding impedance are penuriously studied. Along with the increase of grounding grid area, the total
Along with the rapid development of China’s power industry, grounding impedance decreases, and the proportion of
many 500 kV, 750 kV and 1000 kV substations will be inductive reactance in the grounding resistance increases.
constructed. Thus, it is necessary to carry out the relevant Therefore, first of all, the effect of grounding grid area on the
study. characteristics of the grounding impedance is analyzed. The
This work was supported by the State Grid Corporation of China
(5226SX15001Q).