HEALTH RELATED SCHEMES

Health care received prime importance following the

Alma Ata declaration 1978 to achieve health for all by
2000.
• Inspired by this goal Government of India announced
in 1983 the National health policy which was
subsequently replaced by the National health policy
of 2002.
• The Ministry of health and family welfare is
implementing various schemes and national
initiatives to provide universal access to quality
healthcare.

National Health Mission

It was launched in 2013 subsuming the NRHM and
NUHM. It was further extended in March 2018, to
continue till March 2020.

Aims
For attainment of universal access to equitable,
affordable and quality health care services, accountable
and responsive to people’s needs.

Objectives
 • Reduction in child and maternal mortality.
• Prevention and control of communicable and non
communicable diseases, including locally endemic
diseases.
• Access to comprehensive primary health care.
• Revitalize local health tradition and mainstream
AYUSH.
• Reproductive-Maternal-Neonatal-Child and
Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A).

The NHM encompasses its two sub-missions, the

National Rural Health Missions (NRHM) and the National
Urban Health Mission (NUHM).

Goals
1. Reduce MMR to 1/1000 live births.
2. Reduce IMR to 25/1000 live births.
3. Reduce TFR to 2.1.
4. Reduce household out of pocket expenditure on
total health care expenditure.
5. Prevention and reduction of anemia in women aged
15-49 years.
National Rural Mission Missions

• The NRHM was launched on April 2005.

• It seeks to provide accessible, affordable and quality
health care to the rural population, especially the
vulnerable groups.
• Under the NRHM, the Empowered Action Group
(EAG) states, Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal
Pradesh have been given special focus.

Major initiatives under NRHM:

ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activists)

One of the key components of all the government health
schemes in rural India is to provide every village in the
country with a trained female community health activist
ASHA.
Selected from the village itself and accountable to it, the
ASHA is trained to work as an interface between the
community and the public health system.
ELIGIBILITY:
• ASHA must primarily be a woman resident of the
village married/ divorced, preferably in the age
group of 25 to 45 years.
 • ASHA will be the first port of call for any health
related demands of deprived sections of the
populations, especially women and children, who
find it difficult to access healthcare services.
• She will counsel women on birth preparedness,
importance of safe delivery, breast-feeding and
complementary feeding, immunization,
contraception and prevention of common infections
including Reproductive tract infection/ Sexually
Transmitted infections (RTIs/STIs) and care of the
young child.
• Since 2013, when the NUHM was launched, ASHAs
are being selected in urban areas as well.

Auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM):

• Commonly known as ANM, is a village level female
health worker, who is known as the first contact
person between the community and the health
services.
• ANMs works at health sub- centre. The sub center is
a village level institution that provides primary
health care to the community. The sub-centre works
under the Primary Health Centre (PHC).
• The ANM is usually selected from the local village to
increase accountability.
Anganwadi centres:
• Anganwadi is a government sponsored child-care
and mother-care center in India group.. It caters to
children in the 0-6 age group.
• They were started by the Indian government in 1975
program to combat child hunger and malnutrition.
• She is a health worker chosen from the community
and given 4 month training in health, nutrition and
child-care.
Rogi Kalyan Samiti/ hospital Management Society

This committee is a registered society whose members

act as trustees to manage the affairs of the hospital and
is responsible for upkeep of the facilities and ensure
provision of better facilities to the patients in the
hospital.

The Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee

(VHSNC)
It is an important tool of community empowerment and
participation at the grassroots level to address issues of
environmental and social determinants.
VHSNC membership includes Panchayati Raj
representatives, ASHA and others.

Facility based Newborn Care

It has been established to ensure that every newborn
receives essential care right from the time of birth and
first 48 hours at the health facility and then at home
during the first 42 days of life.

National Mobile Medical Units (NMMUs): for un-served

areas.

National Ambulance Service (NAS):

People can dial 108 or 102 telephone number for calling
an ambulance. Dial 108 to attend to patients of critical
care, trauma and accident victims etc. Dial 102 services
consist of basic patient transport aimed at the needs of
pregnant women etc.

Kayakalp:

• It is an initiative for award to public health facilities.

• It has been launched to promote cleanliness,
hygiene and infection control practices in public
health facilities.

Free drug and diagnostic service initiative: To lower the

out of pocket expenditure on health.
Comprehensive Primary healthcare
Kilkari and mobile academy:
 • It is an Interactive Voice Response (IVR) based
mobile service that deliver time-sensitive audio
messages(voice call) about pregnancy and child
health directly to the mobile phones of pregnant
women, mothers of young children and their
families.
• Mobile academy is an anytime , anywhere audio
training course on interpersonal communication
skills that the ASHA can access from her mobile
phone.
National Iron+ initiative
To look at iron deficiency Anemia