Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
8.*$$3DQG,)566WDQGDUGV6LPLODULWLHVDQG
'LIIHUHQFHV
)HGGDRXL$PLQD
FKRRVH WKUHH FRORUV WKDW DLP WR SUHVHQW VLPLODULWLHV DQG
Abstract—7KLV SDSHU DLPHG WR KHOS UHVHDUFKHUV DQG GLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQ,)56VWDQGDUGVDQG8.VWDQGDUGV
LQWHUQDWLRQDOFRPSDQLHVWR WKH GLIIHUHQFHV DQG VLPLODULWLHV EHWZHHQ
,)56,QWHUQDWLRQDOILQDQFLDO UHSRUWLQJVWDQGDUGVDQG8.*$$3 RU 7$%/(,
8. DFFRXQWLQJ SULQFLSOHV DQG WR WKH DFFRXQWLQJ FKDQJHV EHWZHHQ &219(5*(1&(%(7:((18.*$$3 ,)56>@
VWDQGDUGVHWWLQJRIWKH,QWHUQDWLRQDO$FFRXQWLQJ6WDQGDUGV%RDUGDQG ,)56 8.*$$3 6XEMHFW &RQYHUJHQFH
International Science Index, Economics and Management Engineering Vol:11, No:7, 2017 waset.org/Publication/10008671
WKH$FFRXQWLQJ6WDQGDUGV%RDUGLQ8QLWHG.LQJGRP:HZLOOXVHLQ 3UHVHQWDWLRQRIILQDQFLDO
WKLV VWXG\ VWDWLVWLFDO PHWKRGV WR FDOFXODWH VLPLODULWLHV DQG GLIIHUHQFH ,$6 )56)56
VWDWHPHQWV
IUHTXHQFLHVEHWZHHQWKH8.VWDQGDUGVDQG,)56VWDQGDUGVDFFRUGLQJ ,$6 66$3 ,QYHQWRULHV
WR WKH 3ULFHZDWHUKRXVH&RRSHUV UHSRUW LQ :H ZLOO XVH WKH RQH ,$6 )56 &DVKIORZVWDWHPHQWV
VLPSOH WHVW WR FRQILUP RU UHIXVH RXUK\SRWKHVLV ,QFRQFOXVLRQ ,$6 )56)56 $FFRXQWLQJSROLFLHV
ZHIRXQGWKDWWKHJDSEHWZHHQ8.*$$3DQG,)56LVVPDOO (YHQWVDIWHUWKHEDODQFHVKHHW
,$6 66$3>)56@
GDWH
Keywords—$FFRXQWLQJ 8. *$$3 ,)56 VLPLODULWLHV ,$6 66$3 &RQVWUXFWLRQFRQWUDFWV
GLIIHUHQFHV ,$6 )56)56 ,QFRPHWD[HV
,$6 66$3 6HJPHQWUHSRUWLQJ
,,1752'8&7,21 ,$6 )56
3URSHUW\SODQWDQG
)
HTXLSPHQW
,1$1&,$/ DFFRXQWLQJ DQG UHSRUWLQJ LV QRW DQ HQG ,$6 66$3 /HDVHV
LQLWVHOI EXWLV LQWHQGHG WR SURYLGH LQIRUPDWLRQ WKDW LV ,$6 )56 $SS*5HYHQXH
XVHIXO WR SUHVHQW WR SRWHQWLDO LQYHVWRUV FUHGLWRUV RWKHU ,$6 )56 (PSOR\HHEHQHILWV
UHVRXUFHSURYLGHUVDQGRWKHUXVHUVRXWVLGHDQHQWLW\LQPDNLQJ ,$6 66$3 *RYHUQPHQWJUDQWV
UDWLRQDOLQYHVWPHQWFUHGLWDQGVLPLODUGHFLVLRQVDERXWLW>@ ,$6 66$3>)56@ )RUHLJQFXUUHQF\WUDQVODWLRQ
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH LQVWLWXWH RI FKDUWHUHG DFFRXQWDQWV LQ ,$6 )56 %RUURZLQJFRVWV
(QJODQGDQG:DOHV>@WKHREMHFWLYHRIILQDQFLDOVWDWHPHQWVLV ,$6 )56 5HODWHGSDUW\GLVFORVXUHV
WR SURYLGH LQIRUPDWLRQ DERXW WKH UHSRUWLQJ HQWLW\¶V ILQDQFLDO &RQVROLGDWHGILQDQFLDO
,$6 )56
VWDWHPHQWV
SHUIRUPDQFH DQG ILQDQFLDO SRVLWLRQ WKDW LV XVHIXO WR D ZLGH
,$6 )56 $VVRFLDWHV
UDQJH RI XVHUV IRU DVVHVVLQJ WKH VWHZDUGVKLS RI WKH HQWLW\¶V ,$6 )56 +\SHULQIODWLRQDU\HFRQRPLHV
PDQDJHPHQWDQGIRUPDNLQJHFRQRPLFGHFLVLRQV>@ ,$6 )56 -RLQWYHQWXUHV
*HQHUDOO\ $FFHSWHG $FFRXQWLQJ 3UDFWLFH LQ 8QLWHG )56)56
,$6 )LQDQFLDOLQVWUXPHQWV
.LQJGRP RU 8. *$$3 LV WKH DFFRXQWLQJ UHJXODWLRQV >)56@
HVWDEOLVKLQJ KRZ FRPSDQ\ DFFRXQWV PXVW EH SUHSDUHG LQ WKH ,$6 )56>)56@ (DUQLQJVSHUVKDUH
6WDWHPHQW,QWHULPILQDQFLDO
8QLWHG.LQJGRP ,$6
UHSRUWLQJ
,QWHUQDWLRQDO )LQDQFLDO 5HSRUWLQJ 6WDQGDUGV ,)56 DUH D ,$6 )56 ,PSDLUPHQWRIDVVHWV
VHW RI DFFRXQWLQJ VWDQGDUGV GHYHORSHG E\ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO 3URYLVLRQVFRQWLQJHQW
,$6
$FFRXQWLQJ 6WDQGDUGV %RDUG ,$6% LQ WR UHSODFH ,$6 )56 OLDELOLWLHVDQGFRQWLQJHQW
DVVHWV
VWDQGDUGV SUHSDUHG E\ ,QWHUQDWLRQDO DFFRXQWLQJ VWDQGDUGV
,$6 )5666$3 ,QWDQJLEOHDVVHWV
FRPPLVVLRQ LQ LW DLPHG WR SURYLGH LQYHVWRUV DQG RWKHU ,$6 )56 )LQDQFLDOLQVWUXPHQWV
XVHUV RI ILQDQFLDO VWDWHPHQWV WKH JRRG DELOLW\ WR FRPSDUH ,$6 66$3 ,QYHVWPHQWSURSHUW\
ILQDQFLDO VWDWHPHQWV RI LQWHUQDWLRQDO FRPSDQLHV %\ FRQWUDVW ,$6 $JULFXOWXUH
WKH SXUSRVH RI WKLV SDSHU LV WR EULQJ WRJHWKHU VHYHUDO ,)56 )56 6KDUHEDVHGSD\PHQW
FRPSRQHQWV LQ RUGHU WR FRQVWUXFW DQ DQVZHU WR WKH IROORZLQJ )56)56)56
,)56 %XVLQHVVFRPELQDWLRQV
TXHVWLRQ ³:KDW LV WKH GHJUHH RI FRQYHUJHQFH EHWZHHQ 8.
*$$3DQG,)56VWDQGDUGV"´ ,)56 )56 ,QVXUDQFHFRQWUDFWV
,)56 )56 'LVFRQWLQXHGRSHUDWLRQV
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 11(7) 2017 2002 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10008671
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering
Vol:11, No:7, 2017
:HFDQH[SODLQRXUVWDWLVWLFDOUHVXOWVE\VHYHUDOGLIIHUHQFHV
,,,$1$/<6,6 EHWZHHQ 8. *$$3 DQG ,)56 VWDQGDUGV DPRQJ WKHP
SUHVHQWHGLQ7DEOH,9
$FFRUGLQJWR7DEOH,,,ZHQRWHWKDWWKHVLJQLILFDQWVWDWLVWLF
LQGLFDWRU6LJ LVJUHDWHUWKDQVRZHQRWHWKDWWKH
ILHOGRIFRQILGHQFHRIRXUWHVW >@LWLVYHU\
7$%/(,9
',))(5(1&(6%(7:((18.*$$3 ,)56>@
Topic UK GAAP treatment IAS/IFRS treatment
7DQJLEOH,$6UHTXLUHVD6WDWHPHQWRIFKDQJHVLQHTXLW\EXWZRXOG
)56UHTXLUHVD6WDWHPHQWRIWRWDOUHFRJQL]HGJDLQVDQGORVVHV
DOORZ675*/WREHSUHVHQWHGHLWKHUDVDVWDQGDORQHRUDVDVXEVHW
)56
ZLWKLQ WKH VWDWHPHQW RI DOOFKDQJHVLQHTXLW\,$6
)56LQFOXGHVDVWULQJHQWGHILQLWLRQRI
GLVFRQWLQXHGRSHUDWLRQV
,$6UHIHUVWR
GLVFRQWLQXLQJRSHUDWLRQV
EXWWKHUHDUHSURSRVDOVWR
3HUIRUPDQFH
)56 DPHQG WKLV ,)56 UHIHUVWR
GLVFRQWLQXHGRSHUDWLRQV
UHSRUWLQJ
)56UHTXLUHVIXQGDPHQWDOHUURUVWREHDFFRXQWHGIRUE\ZD\RI
UHVWDWHPHQWDVWKRXJKWKHHUURUKDGQHYHURFFXUUHGDQGSULRU\HDU ,$6SURSRVHVWRSURKLELWWKHLQFOXVLRQRIPDWHULDOHUURUVLQWKHSURILW
DGMXVWPHQW7KHHIIHFWVRIPDWHULDOHUURUVVKRXOGEHUHIOHFWHGLQWKH DQGORVVDFFRXQW,$6
SURILWDQGORVVDFFRXQWZLWKRXWUHVWDWHPHQW )56
)56LQFOXGHVGHILQLWLRQVIRUH[FHSWLRQDOLWHPV)56 ,$6GRHVQRWUHIHUWRWKHWHUP
H[FHSWLRQDOLWHP
([FHSWLRQDO ,$6VLPSO\UHTXLUHVVHSDUDWHGLVFORVXUHHLWKHURQWKHIDFHRIWKH
)56UHTXLUHVDOOH[FHSWLRQDOLWHPVWREHFKDUJHGRUFUHGLWHGLQ
LWHPV LQFRPHVWDWHPHQWRULQWKHQRWHV
ZKHQLWHPVRILQFRPHDQGH[SHQVH
DUULYLQJDWRSHUDWLQJSURILW)56ZLWKWKUHHVSHFLILFH[FHSWLRQV
DUHPDWHULDO
DQGJLYHVH[DPSOHVRIFLUFXPVWDQFHVWKDWZRXOGJLYHULVH
)56
WR VHSDUDWHGLVFORVXUH,$6
([WUDRUGLQDU\
,QWKHRU\SHUPLWWHGE\)56)56)56EXWLQSUDFWLFHH[WLQFW ,$6SURKLELWVXVHRIH[WUDRUGLQDU\LWHPV
LWHPV
(TXLW\DQGSUHIHUHQFHGLYLGHQGVSDLGRUSURSRVHGDUHWREHLQFOXGHG (TXLW\GLYLGHQGVSDLGPXVWHLWKHUEHGHDOWZLWKLQWKHLQFRPHVWDWHPHQW
LQWKH SURILWDQGORVVDFFRXQW RU LQ WKH VWDWHPHQW RIFKDQJHVLQHTXLW\,$6
3UHIHUHQFHGLYLGHQGVSDLGUHODWLQJWRSUHIHUHQFHVKDUHVFODVVLILHGDV
OLDELOLWLHVLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK,$6VKDOOEHUHFRJQL]HGDVDQH[SHQVH
'LYLGHQGVSDLG
LQ WKH LQFRPHVWDWHPHQW,$6
DQGSURSRVHG
66$3UHTXLUHVSURSRVHGGLYLGHQGVWREHWUHDWHGDVDGMXVWLQJSRVW
(TXLW\GLYLGHQGVGHFODUHGDIWHUWKHEDODQFHVKHHWGDWHVKDOOQRWEH
EDODQFHVKHHWHYHQWV66$3DOWKRXJK&$DQG66$3DUH
UHFRJQL]HGDVDOLDELOLW\DWWKHEDODQFHVKHHWGDWH,$6EXWPXVWEH
GXHWREHDPHQGHGLQWKHQHDUIXWXUH1%)56LVVXHGEXWQRWLQ
GLVFORVHGE\ZD\RIQRWH,$6
XVH
7KHUHLVQRFRPSUHKHQVLYH8.VWDQGDUGEXW$6%KDVLVVXHGDQ ,$65HYHQXHLQFOXGHVGHWDLOHGUHTXLUHPHQWVDQGJXLGDQFH
5HYHQXH
$SSOLFDWLRQ1RWHWR)56SURYLGLQJGHWDLOHGJXLGDQFHRQILYH ,$6%LVFXUUHQWO\GHYHORSLQJDQHZVWDQGDUGWRUHSODFH,$6EXWDQ\
UHFRJQLWLRQ
VSHFLILFDUHDV FKDQJHV DUH XQOLNHO\ WREHPDQGDWRU\XQWLODIWHU
)56UHTXLUHVFDVKIORZVWREHJURXSHGXQGHUQLQHVXEKHDGLQJV ,$6UHTXLUHVFDVKIORZVWREHJURXSHGXQGHUWKUHHVXEKHDGLQJV
)56 ,$6
&DVKIORZ 7KHVWDWHPHQW VKRXOGUHFRQFLOHWR
FDVK
)56 7KH VWDWHPHQW VKRXOG UHFRQFLOHWR
FDVKDQGFDVKHTXLYDOHQWV
,$6
VWDWHPHQWV )56VSHFLILHVDQXPEHURIH[HPSWLRQVIURPLWVVFRSH)56 ,$6FRQWDLQVQRVFRSHH[HPSWLRQV
)56UHTXLUHV
QHWGHEW
GLVFORVXUHV)56 ,$6VSHFLILHVGLIIHUHQWGLVFORVXUHLWHPV,$6
7KHUHLVQRFRPSUHKHQVLYHVWDQGDUGDOWKRXJKVRPHDVSHFWVDUH
&RYHUHGFRPSUHKHQVLYHO\E\,$6
FRYHUHG E\)56DQG66$3
,$6UHTXLUHVIDLUYDOXHDFFRXQWLQJZLWKDOOJDLQVDQGORVVHV
)LQDQFLDO UHFRJQL]HGLQWKHSURILWDQGORVVDFFRXQWXQOHVVFDVKIORZKHGJH
LQVWUXPHQWV
DFFRXQWLQJLVDSSOLFDEOH
UHFRJQLWLRQ 8QGHU8.*$$3GHULYDWLYHVDUHXVXDOO\VWDWHGLQLWLDOO\DWKLVWRULFDO 0DNHEHWWHUILQDQFLDOGHFLVLRQVDURXQG%UH[LWMRLQRXUZHELQDURQ
DQG FRVWRIWHQ
QLO
7KXUVGD\WK0D\DWDP
PHDVXUHPHQW $OOGHULYDWLYHVPXVWEHUHFRJQL]HGRQWKHEDODQFHVKHHWDVGHEWRUVRU
FUHGLWRUV
8QGHU8.*$$3FXUUHQWDVVHWLQYHVWPHQWVDUHVWDWHGDWORZHURI ,$6VSHFLILHVGLIIHUHQWWUHDWPHQWVIRUUHPHDVXUHPHQWDFFRUGLQJWR
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 11(7) 2017 2003 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10008671
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering
Vol:11, No:7, 2017
:KHUH)56KDVEHHQIXOO\DGRSWHGDOODFWXDULDOJDLQVDQGORVVHV
,$6DOVRKDVDFRPSOH[
FRUULGRU
RSWLRQ,$6
PXVWEHWDNHQGLUHFWWRUHVHUYHV>SUHVHQWHGLQ675*/@
5HWLUHPHQW >,$6%KDV
WHQWDWLYHO\
DJUHHGWRUHTXLUHWKHLPPHGLDWHUHFRJQLWLRQRIDOO
EHQHILWV DFWXDULDO JDLQVDQGORVVHV@
,$6PDNHVQRUHIHUHQFHWRGHIHUUHGWD[
:KHUH)56KDVEHHQIXOO\DGRSWHGGHIHUUHGWD[VKRXOGEH
,$6GHDOVZLWKDEURDGHUUDQJHRILVVXHVLQFOXGLQJHPSOR\HHSURILW
GHGXFWHGIURPWKHUHVSHFWLYHUHWLUHPHQWEHQHILWDVVHWRUOLDELOLW\
VKDULQJ DQG WHUPLQDWLRQEHQHILWV
*RRGZLOO )56JLYHVFKRLFHIRUSRVLWLYHJRRGZLOOEHWZHHQV\VWHPDWLF
LQFOXGLQJ DPRUWL]DWLRQDQGFDUU\LQJDWXQFKDQJHGDPRXQWVXEMHFWWRDQQXDO ,)56ZLOOSURKLELWV\VWHPDWLFDPRUWL]DWLRQ
SXUFKDVHG LPSDLUPHQWUHYLHZ
JRRGZLOO
DULVLQJLQWKH
1HJDWLYHJRRGZLOOPXVWEHUHFRJQLVHGLQWKHSURILWDQGORVVDFFRXQW
DFFRXQWVRIDQ 1HJDWLYHJRRGZLOOVKRXOGEHFUHGLWHGWR3/DVLWDULVHV
RYHUDVSHFLILHGSHULRG)56
LQGLYLGXDO
FRPSDQ\
5HVHDUFKDQG
:KHUH
GHYHORSPHQWFRVWFULWHULD
VDWLVILHGSROLF\RSWLRQFKRLFH
GHYHORSPHQW :KHUH,$6FULWHULDVDWLVILHGFDSLWDOL]DWLRQLVPDQGDWRU\
EHWZHHQFDSLWDOL]DWLRQDQGLPPHGLDWHZULWHRII66$3
FRVWV
,$6DOORZVDFKRLFHEHWZHHQWKH
IDLUYDOXHPRGHO
DQGWKH
FRVW
PRGHO
,$6
66$3UHTXLUHVLQYHVWPHQWSURSHUWLHVWREHUHYHDOHGLQWKH 7KHIDLUYDOXHPRGHOUHTXLUHVSURSHUW\WREHPHDVXUHGDWLWVIDLUYDOXH
DFFRXQWVHDFK\HDUDWRSHQPDUNHWYDOXH66$3ZLWKFKDQJHVLQ UHIOHFWLQJPDUNHWFRQGLWLRQVDWWKHEDODQFHVKHHWGDWH,$6ZLWK
PDUNHWYDOXHWDNHQWRLQYHVWPHQWUHYDOXDWLRQUHVHUYHVXEMHFWWR FKDQJHVLQYDOXHUHFRJQL]HGLQWKHSURILWRUORVVIRUWKHSHULRG
OLPLWHGH[FHSWLRQV 7KHFRVWPRGHOLVVHWRXWLQ,$6DQGDIWHUUHFRJQLWLRQZRXOG
,QYHVWPHQW UHTXLUHLQYHVWPHQWSURSHUWLHVWREHVWDWHGDWFRVWOHVVDQ\DFFXPXODWHG
SURSHUWLHV GHSUHFLDWLRQ DQGDQ\LPSDLUPHQWORVVHV
66$3VSHFLILHVSDUWLFXODUUHTXLUHPHQWVIRULQYHVWPHQWSURSHUWLHV ,$6UHYLVHGSHUPLWVRSHUDWLQJOHDVHVWRTXDOLI\DVLQYHVWPHQWSURSHUW\
KHOGXQGHURSHUDWLQJOHDVHV7KHFRVWRIVXFKOHDVHVVKRXOGEH SURYLGHGWKDW
FDSLWDOL]HGDQGUHSRUWHGDVDVLQJOHDVVHW7KHDVVHWVKRXOGEH WKHSURSHUW\PXVWRWKHUZLVHPHHWWKHGHILQLWLRQRIDQLQYHVWPHQW
SUHPHDVXUHGDWHDFKVXEVHTXHQWEDODQFHVKHHWGDWHDWRSHQPDUNHW SURSHUW\DQG
YDOXH6XFKSURSHUWLHVVKRXOGEHGHSUHFLDWHGRYHUWKHXQH[SLUHGOHDVH WKHOHVVHHPXVWDFFRXQWIRUWKHOHDVHDVLILWZHUHDILQDQFHOHDVHDQG
WHUPZKHUHWKLVSHULRGLVWZHQW\\HDUVRU OHVV 66$3 PHDVXUH WKH UHVXOWLQJ DVVHW XVLQJWKHIDLUYDOXHPRGHO ,$6
3URSHUW\
5HVLGXDOYDOXHLVGHILQHGDVWKHQHWUHDOL]DEOHYDOXHRIDQDVVHWDWWKH 7KHUHVLGXDOYDOXHRIDQDVVHWLVWKHHVWLPDWHGDPRXQWWKDWDQHQWLW\
SODQWDQG
HQGRILWVXVHIXOHFRQRPLFOLIH5HVLGXDOYDOXHVDUHEDVHGRQSULFHV ZRXOGFXUUHQWO\REWDLQIURPGLVSRVDORIWKHDVVHWDIWHUGHGXFWLQJWKH
HTXLSPHQW
SUHYDLOLQJDWWKHGDWHRIWKHDFTXLVLWLRQRUUHYDOXDWLRQRIWKHDVVHW FRVWRIGLVSRVDOLIWKHDVVHWZHUHDOUHDG\RIWKHDJHDQGLQWKHFRQGLWLRQ
HVWLPDWHVRI
DQGGRQRWWDNHDFFRXQWRIH[SHFWHGIXWXUHSULFHFKDQJHV)56 H[SHFWHGDWWKHHQGRILWVXVHIXOOLIH,$6
UHVLGXDOYDOXH
,$6UHTXLUHVUHYDOXHGDVVHWVWREHFDUULHGDWIDLUYDOXHDWGDWHRI
)56UHTXLUHVWKHIROORZLQJEDVHV UHYDOXDWLRQOHVVDFFXPXODWHGGHSUHFLDWLRQ
5HYDOXDWLRQRI
1RQVSHFLDOL]HGSURSHUWLHV
H[LVWLQJXVHYDOXH ,$6VWDWHVWKDWWKHIDLUYDOXHRIODQGDQGEXLOGLQJVLVXVXDOO\
SURSHUW\SODQW
6SHFLDOL]HGSURSHUWLHV
GHSUHFLDWHGUHSODFHPHQWFRVW GHWHUPLQHGIURPPDUNHWEDVHGHYLGHQFHE\DSSUDLVDOWKDWLVQRUPDOO\
DQGHTXLSPHQW
3URSHUWLHVVXUSOXVWRUHTXLUHPHQW
RSHQPDUNHWYDOXH XQGHUWDNHQE\SURIHVVLRQDOO\TXDOLILHGYDOXHVOHVVJXLGDQFHFRPSDUHG
ZLWK)56
GHWHUPLQDWLRQ
$6%KDVFRPPHQWHGRQWKHLPSOLFDWLRQVRIWKHDERYHLQWKHSUHIDFHWR
RIPDUNHW )56$SSHQGL[FRQWDLQV5,&6GHILQLWLRQV
)5('
YDOXH
)56VHWVRXWVWULFWUXOHVUHJDUGLQJIUHTXHQF\RIUHYDOXDWLRQV
,$6UHTXLUHPHQWVDUHOHVVULJRURXV,$6
)56
)56DOORZVH[HPSWLRQRIFHUWDLQLQWUDJURXSWUDQVDFWLRQVZKHUH
7KHUHLVQRHTXLYDOHQWH[HPSWLRQ,$6
FRQVROLGDWHGDFFRXQWV DUHSUHSDUHGDQGSXEOLFO\ DYDLODEOH )56
5HODWHGSDUW\
GLVFORVXUHV ,$6PDNHVQRVSHFLILFUHIHUHQFHWRPDWHULDOLW\RWKHUWKHJHQHUDOSRLQW
7KHGHILQLWLRQRI
PDWHULDOLW\
LVYHU\EURDGDQG
LVWREHMXGJHGQRW
WKDW,$6VKRXOGEHUHDGLQWKHFRQWH[WRILWVREMHFWLYHDQG
WKH
RQO\LQWHUPVRIWKHLUVLJQLILFDQFHWRWKHUHSRUWLQJHQWLW\EXWDOVRLQ
)UDPHZRUNIRUWKH3UHSDUDWLRQDQG3UHVHQWDWLRQRI)LQDQFLDO
UHODWLRQWRWKHRWKHUUHODWHGSDUW\ZKHQWKDWSDUW\LV
)56
6WDWHPHQWV
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 11(7) 2017 2004 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10008671
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering
Vol:11, No:7, 2017
9 &21&/86,21
7KURXJK WKLV SDSHU ZH H[SODLQHG WKDW WKHUH DUH D ORW RI
GLIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ 8. *$$3 DQG ,)56 DFFRXQWLQJ
VWDQGDUGV WKHUH DUH VRPH µVLJQLILFDQW GLIIHUHQFHV ZKLFK DUH
LGHQWLILHGDERYH WKHUHDUHVRPHRWKHUGLIIHUHQFHV+RZHYHU
WKHJDSEHWZHHQ8.*$$3DQG,)56LVTXLWHVPDOO
5()(5(1&(6
>@ ' 5 &DUPLFKDHO 2 5D\ :KLWWLQJWRQ /\QIRUG *UDKDP $FFRXQWDQWV
KDQGERRN YROXPH RQH HOHYHQWK HGLWLRQ ILQDQFLDO DFFRXQWLQJ DQG
JHQHUDOWRSLFVMRKQ :LOH\ VRQVLQF+RERNHQQHZ MHUVH\ &DQDGD
S
>@ KWWSVGRQHP\HVVD\FRPTDQWDVVWDNHKROGHUV
>@ 5LFKDUG/HZLV'DYLG3HQGULOO$GYDQFHG)LQDQFLDO$FFRXQWLQJVHYHQWK
HGLWLRQ3HDUVRQHGXFDWLRQ(QJODQGS
International Science Index, Economics and Management Engineering Vol:11, No:7, 2017 waset.org/Publication/10008671
>@ +HOHQ0F&DQQ3Z&LQIRUP,)568.PDLQGLIIHUHQFHVLQGLFDWRUV7KH
$FFRXQWLQJ 7HFKQLFDO 'HSDUWPHQW RI 3ULFHZDWHUKRXVH&RRSHUV
&KDUWHUHG$FFRXQWDQWV-XQHSS
>@ 6366RXWSXWV6WDWLVWLFDO3DFNDJHIRUWKH6RFLDO6FLHQFHVWKHUHVXOWRI7
WHVW
>@ KWWSZZZDFFRXQWLQJZHEFRXNEXVLQHVVILQDQFLDOUHSRUWLQJXNJDDS
DQGLDVFRPSDULVRQDFFHVVHGRQ
International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation 11(7) 2017 2005 scholar.waset.org/1307-6892/10008671