2.2 2.5 GreenBlueInfrastructureBook

GREEN BLUE INFRASTRUCTURES
OVERVIEW OF SMART SPATIAL STRATEGIES

implications for future innovation in design processes
COLOPHON
Green/Blue Infrastructure for Sustainable, Attractive Cities

Joint Programming Initiative Urban Europe
Chair of Enronmental Technology and Design, Department of Urbanism

Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment
Delft University of Technology
Prof. dr. ir. Arjan van Timmeren

Principal Investigator
Chair Environmental Technology and Design
A.vanTimmeren@tudelft.nl
Arch. Taneha Kuzniecow Bacchin

Research Associate Environmental Technology and Design
t.bacchin@tudelft.nl
Carmem Aires
Research Intern Environmental Technology and Design
carmem.aires1@gmail.com
CONTENTS
CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1. SELECTION OF DESIGN PRACTICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1 METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.2 SELECTED DESIGNS - BUILT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
The High Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
CT Water Treatment Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Watersquare Benthemplein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Zollhallen Platz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Potsdamer Platz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Water Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Park as living laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Bo01 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
EVA Lanxmeer Project Living Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
HafenCity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Urban Flood Management Dordrecht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Portland city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Bioswales Ruwenbos District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Bishan Ang MO Kio Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Melbourne Docklands Park WSUD Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Toppilansaari Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Zhangjiawo New Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Victoria Park Public Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1.3 SELECTED DESIGNS - NON-BUILT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Rotterdam Adaptation Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Copenhagen Strategy Flood Masterplan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Coal lake city | living city design competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
River+City+Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Waller Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Athens City Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Waterway Ring of São Paulo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
River Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
1.4 EXCLUDED DESIGN PRACTICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2. ANALYSIS OF DESIGN PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.1 METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.2 ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
3. GREEN BLUE SPATIAL STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
3.1 METHODS OF ORGANIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
3.2 LIST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
3.3 METHODS OF ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
3.4 ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
4. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
APPENDIX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
ANNEX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
The three year international research project “Green/Blue Infrastructure for
Sustainable, Attractive Cities” is a JPI Urban Europe project. Its main focus is
that all forms of water are opportunities and need to be utilised appropriately,
which can help to both alleviate and adapt to floods and droughts at the same
time, as well as support nicer places to live, ecosystems and biodiversity in the
‘water sensitive’ city. The key to this is managing water above ground rather than
below, and to utilise green and blue rather than energy and carbon intensive grey
infrastructure.
The main objective of this research is to develop knowledge and tools required
to seize the opportunities arising from future challenges, to manage urban
stormwater in a way that facilitates robust, synergistic and multi-functional green
infrastructure that will address today’s and tomorrow’s climate and other changes
in dynamic urban areas.
The work is being conducted in an international Urban Living Lab in Kiruna,

Sweden, combined with one national Urban Living Lab (a so called city-hub)
per participating country, where citizens, practitioners, decision makers, and
researchers are brought together to jointly develop innovative solutions. The Dutch
Urban Living Lab in this project is the city of Zwolle, in continuation of the recent
IJssel-Vechtdelta longterm planning (LTP) cocreation process with all relevant
stakeholders. The Austrian Urban Living Lab is the city of Innsbruck.
Swedish (Luleå University of Technology), Dutch (Delft University of Technology),

Austrian (Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck) and Finnish (University of Oulu)
partners cooperate in this research project.
Green Blue Infrastructures: Overview of Smart Spatial Strategies Worldwide | Timmeren, Kuzniecow Bacchin and Aires 5
1. SELECTION OF DESIGN PRACTICES
1.1 METHODS
METHODS OF SELECTION
FIRST SELECTION
Inside the disciplines of sustainable urban planning and design, the first step in the selection
of best practices is to filter the current designs that addresses the “Green and Blue” issues, subject
of this research. Inside the “Green and Blue” list, the next step is to search for the most innovative
examples of designs.
The first step consists of searching recent designs in magazines, studio’s websites and books.
Examples: the magazine Topos and the book Urban Green-Blue Grids for Sustainable and Resilient
Cities. After this step, a sample of 72 projects that represent recent “Green and Blue” practices in urban
planning and design field was defined. The sample comprises projects from 25 different countries.
From these first step, a categorization process was developed to organize and to start
understanding the projects, regarding their spatial form. The organization assumed is composed by
four divisions: landscape elements, morphology, size and typology. Each division has its own features
which are presented in the diagram.
The second step comes after the organization process. It consists of finding innovative aspects
in the sample of designs. These features can be classified in three areas: technology, environmental
design and planning. Each area has its objects that the innovative spatial strategies are related to.
These two mentioned steps compose the first selection phase, which resulted in 50 designs
examples.
SELECTION
CRITERION
72 ORGANIZATION
PROCESS
SELECTION
CRITERION
50
PROJECTS FILTER 1 PROJECTS
green blue size theme dimensions

design
large riverside planning
medium transformation of existing space
small overall city/district plan / design metabolism processes
harbour district
new district management
morphology pavillon
square
park
point technology
performance
type of design:
line landscape elements
environmental design
master plan (mosaic)
infrastructure (corridor)
urban ecological design
parcel (patch)
spine
liveability
flexibility
grid
8 Green Blue Infrastructures: Overview of Smart Spatial Strategies Worldwide | Timmeren, Kuzniecow Bacchin and Aires
SECOND SELECTION
Subsequently, the second selection phase comprises projects that contain two kinds of
features. One are the projects pioneers in innovation. The other are the projects that respond multiple
benefits in terms of five metrics: performance (air, water, building, surface, subsurface), metabolism,
management, ecological design, liveability and flexibility. From this filter, 26 out of 50 remain. These
are considered the sample of the current best practices (built or not) inside the “Green and Blue”
perspective.
50
PROJECTS
SELECTION
CRITERIA
26
FILTER 2 PROJECTS
innovation exemplary multiple benefits
pioneers planning
metabolism
management
technology
performance
ecological design
livability
flexibility
THIRD SELECTION
Finally, the third selection consists in separate the built projects to extract the lessons that can
be learnt from them, the efficiency and the robustness of the proposed measures.
26 SELECTION
CRITERION
18
PROJECTS FILTER 3
built projects
METHODS OF SELECTION
EXTRACTION OF SPATIAL STRATEGIES
The taxonomy (figure below) summarizes the dimensions, its metrics and objects. The
taxonomy presents the pathways of evaluation through which the designs passed to have the selection
of its spatial strategies. The spatial strategies, in turn, would be the next column that every project
has, showing which were the final interventions used in the project to asnwer the design objectives.
It represents the design and management propositions that are responsible to tackle issues involved
in the design.
Taxonomy diagram
dimension metric object
energy production and saving

metabolism food production
waste management
planning
management programming
communication
acoustic comfort
air heat island effect
pollution
flood hazard and drought
sanitation
water transportation
supply
technology performance buildings integration to urban systems
mobility infrastructures
surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsurface archaeology
healthiness
biodiversity
biodiversity
ecological design
ecosystem services
social interaction and cohesion
knowledge and beliefs
beauty
convenience
environmental culture/ identity
design livability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
adaptive design
flexibility
contingency
csb
Projects per Country dfa
cwa
Netherlands dfc
af
Sweden
Germany
USA
Singapore
Finland Projects per Theme
Projects per Country Australia Overall city/district plan/ design
CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED DESIGN Denmark Park
Netherlands
Canada Square
Sweden
Brazil selection are the exemplary of Green and
The design practices filtered during this second Pavillion
Blue cutting-edge designs (built or not) pursuant toGermany
this
Chinaresearch method. The graphs bellow show the
Projects per Country Harbour District
characteristics of this sample in terms of spatial form
USA and location.
Greece New District
Singapore Netherlands
Transformation of existing space
Finland Sweden
Riverside
Projects per Type of Design Australia Germany
Denmark USA
Canada Singapore
Brazil Finland
design practices per country Infrastructure
China design practices
Projectsper
percontinent
Country Australia
Projects per Country Denmark
GreecePlan
Master Projects per Continent Netherlands
Netherlands Canada
Patch Sweden
Greece Sweden South America Brazil
China Asia
Projects
Brazil per TypeNetherlands
of Design Germany Germany
China
Canada Oceania Europe USA
Denmark
USA Greece
North America
Singapore Singapore
Australia Oceania
Finland Asia Finland
Finland Sweden Australia Projects per Type ofEurope
Design Australia
South America
Infrastructure North America
Singapore Projects per Morphology Denmark
Master Plan Denmark
Germany Canada
USA
Canada
Patch
Brazil Brazil
Grid
China China
Infrastructure
Spine
Greece
Greece
Master Plan
Line
Patch
Point
Projects
design practices per Type of Design
per morphology designProjects
practices per
per type
Typeofofdesign
Design
Projects per Morphology
Infrastructure
Grid Grid Infrastructure
Point
Projects per Climate Master Plan Patch Infrastructure
Spine Projects per Morphology
Patch cfb Master Plan
Line
cfa Patch
Point
csa
aw Grid
Line dfa Spine
Spine csb Master Plan
dfa Line
Projects per Morphology cwa Point
dfc
Projects per Climate af Projects per Morphology
Gridcfb
cfa
design practices per theme Spine design practices per climate
csa
Lineaw Grid
Point dfa Projects per Climate Spine
Projects per Theme csb cfb
dfc af Line
dfa cfa
Riverside cwa
overall city or district
cwa Overall city/district
dfa plan/ design Point
csa
plan or design
dfc csb aw
af Park
dfa dfa
Transformation
of existing space
Square aw csb
Projects per Climate cfb
Pavillion dfa
park cfb csa
cwa
New district cfa Harbour District dfc legend
square
csa Projects per Climate af
aw New District cfa Netherlands and Sweden
Harbour district
Projects per Theme dfa cfb
Pavillion Transformation of existing space
csb cfa
dfa Riverside
Overall city/district plan/ design csa
cwa aw
Park
dfc Worldwide | Timmeren, Kuzniecow Bacchin and Aires
Green Blue Infrastructures: Overview of Smart Spatial Strategies dfa 11
af Square csb
Projects per Theme
dfa
Pavillion
cwa Overall city/district plan/ design
Harbour District dfc
af Park
1.2 SELECTED DESIGNS - BUILT
SELECTED DESIGN PRACTICES
PRESENTATION
first page | design data
design name location in the

world map
The High Line
data informing master plan
context infrastructure
population patch
h
density
area
climate condition context design info designer
continent North America designer James Corner operations status
country USA
city New York client Department of Parks and year
city area 1214 km² year
Recreation of New York
2012 size
city density 10725 hab/km² status built
climate condition cfa size 1,6 km = 0,032 km²
morphological
theme of design theme transformation of morphology line
analysis in
old structure
relation
relation to the
design/ city 0,002% small context
description
keep railroad track In 2002 the project gained momentum and a design team was established consisting of
green variety based on the (landscape) architects and professional gardeners to design a public landscape structure within the
spontaneous landscape existing train line. In 2006 construction started on the new design which is being implemented in
clear visibility from the three phases. On June 9th, 2009 the first section was opened, from Gansevoort Street to West
buildings around 20th Street. The second section, from 20th Street to 30th Street was finalised in the spring of 2011.
heritage
The third and final part of the line is currently still under development. [The High Line, 2011]
description
biodiversity
key words safety
references image
http://www.urbangreenbluegrids.
com/projects/the-high-line-new-
york/
16
second page | taxonomic analysis
matrix of analysis: spatial strategies

multiple dimensions
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management retrofit of old structure

planning
flexibility mixed uses and multifunctionality:

management restaurant in the park
communication participatory design
acoustic comfort vegetation
pollution
flood hazard and drough green roofs
water sanitation
transportation
supply
technology performance buildings integration to urban green roofs

systems retrofit of old structures
or buildings
mobility infrastructures universal access: elevators

surface
public space implementation of new public
space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
green corridors
ecological design biodiversity urban greening
diversity of vegetation species
social interaction and meeting arenas
environmental cohesion public access, place to stay
design knowledge and beliefs educative structures
beauty seasonal design
convenience universal accessibility
liveability
culture and identity prevalence of existing elements
crime safety “eyes on the street” mixed use
heritage prevalence of existing elements
leisure place to stay, room for different
exercise activities
human health
17
The High Line
context design info

continent North America designer James Corner operations
country USA
city New York client Department of Parks and
Recreation of New York
city area 1214 km² year 2012
climate condition cfa size 1,6 km = 0,032 km²
theme transformation of morphology line

old structure
relation
design/ city <1% small
description
_keep railroad track The High Line is opened in 1934 to trains; the line goes from 34th street to St John’s Park
_green variety based on the Terminal through the centre of blocks. In the 1980s, the train line was stopped and the property owners
spontaneous landscape claim destroy. In 1999, the “Friends of High Line” non-profit organization is founded to advocate the
_clear visibility from the preservation and reuse of the structure, between 2002 and in 2004, the group promotes an open ideas
buildings around competition “Designing High Line”. The team James Corner Field Operations Landscape architecture
firm design wins the competition in 2004 and in 2009 the park opens its first section and in 2014 the
_heritage last one. (The High Line, 2011)
_biodiversity
_safety The landscape Design preserves the natural plants that grew during the time the line was
deactivated, going along with footpaths. The benefits brought with the park is community meeting
spaces, biodiversity enhancement, increasing of commercial and cultural activities occurring along the
structure and the safe character of the structure due to the “eyes” from the adjacent buildings. (Green-
Blue Grids for sustainable and dynamic cities)
http://www.
urbangreenbluegrids.com/
projects/the-high-line-new-york/
https://www.thehighline.org/
about
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management retrofit of old structure

planning
flexibility mixed uses and multifunctionality:

management restaurant in the park
pollution
flood hazard and drough green roofs
water sanitation
transportation
supply

systems retrofit of old structures
or buildings

surface
space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
green corridors
diversity of vegetation species
liveability
culture and identity
heritage prevalence of existing elements
exercise activities
human health
CT Water Treatment Facility
context design info

continent North America designer Michael van Valkenburgh
country USA Associates
city New Haven -CT client South Central Connecticut
Regional Water Authority
climate condition cfa size 1 km²
theme park morphology point
relation
design/ city 2% small
description
limited budget The design combines a park with the CT Water Treatment Facility, Located in the reserve water
source for the South Central Connecticut Regional Water Authority on the Mill River Watershed. The
use of adapted techniques design forms an educative landscape since it utilises above ground structures, as swales, green roofs,
restoration ecology and valley streams that guide the runoff to a pond, recharging the groundwater. The structure does not use
topography is stabilized heavy traditional drainage infrastructures and supports the limited budget of $5 the square foot.
with bioengineering
The design combine the blue infrastructure with restoration ecology and bioengineering
special microcosm for the techniques to stabilize the created topographical variation with excavated soil. The native species do
watershed not require fertilizers or pesticides, the design considers seasonal textures and colours and permit
natural evolution of plants. The park is humanely scaled and, even though a privately owned land,
swales replacing traditional provide public spaces and gives room for community activities. (MVVA, 2oo5)
drainage system
native green species at

roof with no pesticides or
fertilizers
seasonal variation in color

and texture
museum
The park is arranged in six

section analogous to the
six stages of the water
treatment
strong educative structure
Building with Water: Concepts

Typology Design By Zoë Ryan
http://www.mvvainc.com/
project.php?id=13&c=parks
http://www.asla.
org/2010awards/105.html
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility multi-functionality: park with

management water supply facility
communication
pollution
flood hazard and drough open gutters and infiltration ponds
water sanitation
transportation
supply park with water supply facility

systems use of regional materials

surface
space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity diversity of vegetation species

construction of a natural habitat
in cobination with functional
ecological design biodiversity structures

liveability
heritage
exercise activities
human health
Watersquare Benthemplein
infrastructure
master plan
patch
context design info

continent Europe designer De Urbanisten
country Netherlands
city Rotterdam client Rotterdam Climate initiative
Municipality of Rotterdam
city area 319,4 km² year 2013
climate condition cfb size 9087m² = 0,009 km²
theme square morphology point
relation
description
rain water collection from [...] inhabitants of the Agniese neighborhood, all took part. In three workshops we discussed
sorrounding areas in the possible uses, desired atmospheres and how the storm water can influence the square. All agreed:
square to be storage in a the water square should be a dynamic place for young people, lots of space for play and lingering,
a deep basin. The basin in but also nice, green intimate places. And what about the water? This had to be excitingly visible
normal days is a sport pit while running over the square: detours obligatory! The enthusiasm of the participants helped us to
and a theatre. The water make a very positive design.
is collected in gutters Our water square creates a new context for the great modern building of Maaskant and the
and green structure with fantastic giant artwork of Karel Appel.
grasses, flowers and large
existing trees.
multifunctional rain water

basin
open gutters
vegetation variety
participatory design
http://www.urbanisten.nl/
wp/?portfolio=waterplein-
benthemplein
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility sport, theatre and storage

management in a shape of a square
communication participatory planning and design
pollution
flood hazard and drough open gutters and storage pit
water sanitation
transportation
supply
technology performance buildings integration to urban

systems
surface
public space improvement of existing public
space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
ecological design biodiversity diversity of vegetation species
social interaction and meeting arenas, public access,

environmental cohesion place to stay
design knowledge and beliefs educative structure
convenience
liveability
crime safety
heritage
exercise activities
human health
Zollhallen Platz
context design info

continent Europe designer Atelier Dreiseitl
country Germany
city Freiburg client Aurelis / City of Freiburg

climate condition cfb size 5600m² = 0,0056 km²
theme square morphology point
relation
description
planters Zollhallen Platz is new counterpart for the historic customs hall which was restored in 2009.
remain historic rail yard, The plaza is a fine example of water sensitive urban design, as it is disconnected from the sewer
reuse of material from system.
demolition and inviting The design plays with the historic past of the site which was a rail yard. Timeless and
vegetation design: cherry multifunctional benches recalled break noses of rail tracks, and old rail tracks are inlaid into the paving.
trees A bright grove of cherry trees provide the perfect amount of shade, while the infiltration planters with
perennials and ornamental grasses give an attractive softness.
100% of the hardscape materials are high-quality demolition materials recycled from the old
rail yard. This makes sense not just from a resource management of view, but harmonises the new
clean modern design with the historic architecture of the customs hall.
http://www.dreiseitl.com/index.
php?id=52&lang=em
http://zhan.renren.com/h5/
entry/3674946092080461429
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management reuse of demolition materials

planning
flexibility infiltration planters with water

management storage in a shape of a square
communication
pollution
flood hazard and drough infiltration planters and storage

capacity
water sanitation
transportation
supply

systems
surface
space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
ecological design biodiversity diversity of vegetation species

design knowledge and beliefs educative structure
beauty
convenience
liveability
culture and identity prevalence of existing structure
crime safety and building
heritage prevalence of existing structure
exercise activities
human health
Potsdamer Platz
context design info

country Germany
city Berlin client City of Berlin, Daimler Chrysler
Immobilien
climate condition cfb size 1,3 ha = 0,013 km²
theme above ground morphology point

drainage, buffering
and water relation
treatment and design/ city <1% small
re-use
description
rainwater storage The iconic Potsdamer Platz bridges the scar left by the wall between East and West Berlin.
processed in cisterns, A veil of shallow flow-steps create a rhythmic surface of shimmering waves, providing multiple
reuse of water for flushing opportunities for people to cross and interact with the water. This urban waterscape has contributed to
toilet making Potsdamer Platz one of the most visited places in Berlin.
treatment with vegetation The idea behind this important urban waterscape is that the rainwater should be used where
aeration of water it falls. At Potsdamer Platz, a combination of green and non-green roofs harvest the annual rainfall.
no use of chemical Rainwater then flows through the site’s buildings and is used for toilet flushing, irrigation, and fire
systems. Excess water flows into the pools and canals of the outdoor waterscape creating an oasis
for urban life. Vegetated biotopes are integrated into the overland landscape and serve to filter and
circulate the water that runs along streets and walkways, all without the use of chemicals.
The lake’s water quality is excellent forming a natural habitat and fresh water usage in the
buildings has been reduced. Since 1998, Potsdamer Platz stands as a successful example of a
revitalized open space where city life, prestigious architecture, and the beauty of water are in harmony.
php?id=82&lang=em
http://www.
projects/potsdamer-platz-berlin-
germany/
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility multifunctionality: square and rain water

management treatment
communication

water slightly lowers the ambient
air heat island effect temperature in summer, binds dust
particles and humidifies the air
pollution rainwater storage capacity in water
features in the square, green roofs,
cisterns and pools underground
flood hazard and drough discharged at the canal three times every
ten years
water sanitation rainwater cleaning process with cistern
settle, seepage at pools and biotope
transportation
rainwater treated is reused in the
supply buildings also to provide drinking water

systems
surface
implementation of new public
public space space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
ecological design biodiversity

design knowledge and beliefs
beauty water is aerated and set in motion
convenience near the Piazza
liveability
crime safety mixed uses
heritage
exercise activities
human health
Water Factory
context design info

continent Europe designer Plan Architecten Haarlem
country Netherlands
city Emmen client Waterleidingmaatschappij
Drenthe
climate condition cfb size 100m²=0,0001 km²
theme Pavillion morphology point
relation
description
water treatment hothouse All the wastewater in Dierenpark Emmen zoo is treated and recycled. Only water that enters
in a ZOO people’s mouths is clean drinking water. Use of the latest treatment methods in the water factory
using tropical vegetation results in an almost closed, sustainable water system.
closed water cycle in the In 2002, as part of the zoo’s expansion, the water pavilion and the water factory were opened
machine up to the public. At the heart of the water factory is a Living Machine: a hothouse with tropical plants
reuse of water to flushing that are part of the treatment process. This system reduced the consumption of water from 180000
toilets and cleaning building to 30000 m³.
and animal enclosures
http://www.
projects/water-factory-in-
emmen-zoo-the-netherlands/
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility pavillion and water treatment facility

management
communication
acoustic comfort
pollution
flood hazard and drough
water sanitation water cleaning process
transportation
supply reuse of water in the zoo and

buildings

systems
surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity

beauty
convenience
liveability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Park as living laboratory
context design info

continent North America designer Mary Miss
country USA
city Irvine client City of Irvine
Califórnia
city density 1300 hab/km² status ongoing
climate condition csa size 1300 acres = 5,26 km²
theme park morphology spine
relation
design/ city 3% medium
description
[...] This is where new ideas about environmental and social sustainability can be reflected
upon, investigated, and built over the next 5, 10, 20, or 50 years. The role of artists will be to make
sustainability a tangible experience, doing projects that might involve energy, water, history, or meeting
places. [...]
The park should be seen as a field of opportunity where new ways to create vital public spaces
within the larger park can be explored. Through these spaces, all communities will begin to develop
a sense of ownership of the park. [...] To implement these ideas the goal will be to create a Research
and Residency Center. This will be a place where artists can collaborate/engage with scientists -
botanists, hydrologists, biologists, - and social scientists - environmental ecologists, sociologists,
anthropologists. Through these collaborations, artists will have the opportunity to investigate and
research in detail an issue such as storm water run-off or how to design a way to show five different
types of alternative energy in the park; or how to engage people with a public space who have previously
not been accommodated. Potential issues that might be addressed: programming, specific sites, the
archaeology of the area, the major structures in the park, hydrological systems, or communications. [...]
http://www.marymiss.com/
index_.html
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving solar energy

metabolism
food production urban agriculture
waste management recycle debris on site

planning
flexibility experimental design

management multifunctions
pollution
infiltration zones, porous paving

flood hazard and drough materials
water sanitation use of vegetation to water treatment
transportation
reuse treated water for
supply irrigation
technology performance buildings integration to urban use of regional materials and

systems recycled materials
mobility infrastructures accessible by public transportation

surface
public space implementation of new public space
ground water infiltration zones
energy capacity archeologycal investigation
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
wildlife corridors between

ecological design biodiversity montains and sea
social interaction and meeting arenasublic access, place

environmental cohesion to stay
design knowledge and beliefs research institute inside the park
beauty informative events
liveability
culture and identity prevalence of existing Historic
crime safety Hangar
heritage
leisure room for different activities
exercise sport club and fitness complex
human health
Bo01
context design info

continent Europe designer several designers
country Malmö
city Sweden client City of Malmö

climate condition cfb size 30ha = 0,3 km²
theme harbour district morphology grid
relation
design/ city <1% medium
description
New sustainable Bo01 was realised on a former industrial estate/port where the ground was polluted. The Bo01
neighborhood recovering district is supplied by 100% renewable energy and serves as an example for sustainable urban renewal
industrial area with high far beyond Sweden’s borders.
density, Bo01 represents the first step in the process of transforming the 160 hectares of industrial
green and blue estate and port. When completed, the area will offer homes to 30,000 people.
infrastructures, Despite the high density and the urban character, a great deal of attention has been given to
mixed use bringing jobs highly diverse green spaces and biodiversity. Large numbers of trees, creeper plants, ponds and green
and houses, culture centres roofs mean that every garden is home to at least 50 varieties of plants and offers food for birds. The
renewable energy public spaces, most of which are closed to cars, provide a range of opportunities for cycling or walking
production, along its pleasant routes.
estimulate use of non- The area is characterised by its use of recycled water, raw materials and waste, and its use
motorized vehicles of natural resources such as sun and wind energy. By stimulating a great deal of diversity in the
mobility system to reduce architecture without the usual restrictions, the district’s planners have created an unusual laboratory,
CO2, resulting in an exceptionally pleasant district.
diversity of building styles
green routes, small lakes,
waterfront transformed in
public space,
aesthetic building and
green diversity,
less car parking places in
the street,
http://www.urbangreenbluegrids.
com/projects/bo01-city-of-
tomorrow-malmo-sweden/
taxonomy
energy production solar, wind, biogas and aquifer
energy saving every house has devices to

metabolism control energy consumption
food production
minimises production, recycle,
waste management reuse of materials for paving
planning streets, energy production using
biogas
flexibility multifunctions
management
communication
acoustic comfort vegetation, car free
pollution
infiltration zones, porous paving

flood hazard and drough materials, ponds, green roofs,
above ground gutters
water sanitation recycling system underneath tap
at the houses
transportation
supply reuse treated water for irrigation
technology performance buildings integration to urban use of recycled materials

systems
mobility infrastructures buses every 7 minutes 300m far

surface from houses
public space enhancement of water front
through creation of new parks
ground water infiltration, energy from aquifer
energy capacity energy from aquifer
subsoil archeology
healthiness cleaning soil through chemical

and biological processes
biodiversity
ecological design biodiversity diversity of vegetation
social interaction and meeting arenas, public access, place to

environmental cohesion stay
design knowledge and beliefs building as a landmark
beauty
liveability
culture and identity prevalence of existings industrial
crime safety buildings
heritage prevalence of ancient park
exercise sport facility close by the neigbourhood
human health
EVA Lanxmeer Project Living Lab
context design info

continent Europe designer E.V.A. Foundation
country Netherlands
city Culemborg client City of Culemburg

city density 919 hab/km² status Built
climate condition cfb size 33 ha = 0,33 km²
theme new district morphology grid
relation
description
new sustainable (...)The design and development of the urban plans were based on the following principles:
neighbourhoog with water ‘identifying the Genius Loci: the existing qualities of the location that must be retained and/or
storage, cleaning reuse, can be enhanced;
infiltration maximising the closed substance and energy cycles and making natural cycles visible;
energy production optimising the link between landscape elements and architecture;
energy saving optimising the incorporation of a sustainable water system and a sustainable energy supply in
diversity of building styles, the urban design plan; and
use of ecological materials designing “meeting places” and creating conditions for initiatives put forward by resident
participation in planning and participation groups of future residents and users in the design for and management of the district.’(...)
design
comunal gardens
maintenance of green
zones
mixed use to reduce

mobility bringing
employment welfare
residential, educational,
recreational activities
EVA Centre for integral
ecology
http://www.
projects/eva-lanxmeer-living-lab/
taxonomy
solar energy, reuse of warmth, colective

energy production
central heating
energy saving good insolation, consumption parameters,
metabolism
food production farm, permaculture garden, regional food
production shop, slow food education
waste management energy production using biogas
planning
flexibility multifunctions, private building

initiative
management
communication high participation in planning and
design
pollution
porous paving materials, ponds,

flood hazard and drough green roofs, above ground gutters,
separated sewer
water sanitation reedbeds grey water purification
transportation
supply drinking water production

use of certificated wood: European Larix
and pine; EPDM foil on roofs; regulating
of moist/damp: healthy indoor climate by
technology performance buildings integration to urban hygroscopic building materials; natural
systems paints; natural insolation materials: wool,
cellulose
mobility infrastructures bring employment to reduce
surface mobility
public space diversity of public spaces,
maintenance by residents
ground water water infiltration trench
energy capacity
subsoil archeology investigation
healthiness
biodiversity
diversity of vegetation, green

ecological design biodiversity very much present everywhere,
maintenance of green zones
design knowledge and beliefs EVA Centre for integral ecology
beauty
liveability
culture and identity high involment of future inhabitants of
crime safety new neighborhood: Diversity in houses.
heritage Investigation personal wishes results in 6
leisure types of dwellings
exercise
human health
HafenCity
context design info

continent Europe designer HafenCity Hamburg GmbH
country Germany
city Hamburg client HafenCity Hamburg GmbH

climate condition cfb size 1,26 km²
theme harbour district morphology point
relation
description
new neighborhood Hamburg is setting new standards in developing a new city area along the Elbe – at least in Europe.
reconvering industrial area On an area of 157 hectares, a lively city with a maritime air is taking shape, bringing together a variety of
raised 8 to 9m from the workplace and residential uses, culture and leisure, tourism and retail facilities – quite unlike downtowns
ground use of ground floor dominated by nothing but offices and shops. What sets it apart from other major urban international
for parking development projects on the water is the area’s very central location and the high expectations of quality
reflected, for instance, in its finegrained mix of uses, standards of urbanity and ecological sustainability,
mixed of uses and its innovative development process.
Geothermal and solar The intensive interaction between land and water can also be regarded as unique, for HafenCity is
energy neither surrounded by dikes, nor cut off from the water. With the exception of the quays and promenades,
Incorporation of cultural the whole area will be raised to between 8 and 9m above sea level. The concept of building on artificial
values compacted mounds (warfts) lends an area once dominated by port and industrial uses a new, characteristic
topography, retaining access to the water and the typical port atmosphere, while guaranteeing protection
from extreme floods. At the same time, the objectives of HafenCity development are very wide-ranging.
http://www.hafencity.com/en/
overview/the-hafencity-project.
html
http://designalmic.com/
hafencity-public-space-miralles-
tagliabue-embt/
taxonomy
energy production geothermal and solar energy
energy saving control energy use for buildings

metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility multifunctions, public spaces and

management buildings in different heights for
communication tide variation
pollution
flood hazard and drough public spaces in different heights

for tide variation and residential
water sanitation units start one storey upper the
street level
transportation
supply
technology performance buildings integration to urban residential units start one storey
systems upper the street level
public transportation, bicycle

mobility infrastructures paths, pedestrians have priority
surface
public space enhancement of water front,
public spaces in different heights
ground water
energy capacity geothermal energy
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
social interaction and meeting arenas, public access, place to

environmental cohesion stay
design knowledge and beliefs maintenance of important buildings
beauty universal accessibility multiple bridges to
convenience access different heights
liveability
culture and identity prevalence of existing buildings
crime safety
heritage
exercise sport clubs and open air sport facilities
human health
Urban Flood Management Dordrecht
context design info

continent Europe designer Baca Architects
country Netherlands
city Dordrecht client Municipality of Dordrecht

climate condition cfb size 99 km²
theme overall water morphology grid

project
relation
design/ city 100% large
description
system of small [...]The Project revealed that the consequences of flooding in there built-up areas could be
interventions distributed minimized through relatively simple individual flood-proofing modifications of traditional buildings and
through the city infrastructure. There new, flood-proofing developments could provide an attractive alternative to a
physical barrier in the form of an earthen embankment or concrete wall surrounding these developments
to further reduce the risk of flooding. Typical features of the urban design entailed “open” waterfronts
allowing the citizens to have a splendid panoramic view on the river.
Since these built-up areas may provide a safe shelter for the citizens of Dordrecht in case of an
exceptional flood (which may result in a flood exposure of a large and dense part of the city area behind
the flood defence), the envisaged master plan will also include the design of structures that could be
used for vertical evacuation of a large segment of the population.
The long-term iniciatives for flood risk Enviroments (lifE) approach is an integrated design
approach that uses long-term and adaptable non-defence flood risk management rersponses focussing
on a reduction of potential flood impacts instead of solely concentrating on the prevention of flooding.
In practice this means that developments are designed to allow flood water and rainwater into, over or
around the sites in a controlled and predetermined manner instead of keeping water out.[...]
Building with Water: Concepts

Typology Design By Zoë Ryan
taxonomy
energy production solar PV and solar hot water

integrated with green roofs
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility multifunctions, public spaces

management and buildings in different heights
communication for tide variation
acoustic comfort
air heat island effect green roofs, underground

storage, swales, rain gardens
pollution reduce obstacles in the floodplain
conveyance, provide paths for
floodwater return to the river
flood hazard and drough afterwards, emergency scape
routes;
water sanitation
transportation
supply green roofs and underground

storage, balconies and walk ways
provide safe access and egress
amphibious units, concrete
technology performance buildings integration to urban frame buildings to allow water to
systems pass and the structure to resist
emergency scape routes and

mobility infrastructures balconies, variation in street
surface layout can slow down water flow
public space collective spaces for water
harvesting
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
social interaction and comunal harvesting system, public

environmental cohesion access, place to stay
design knowledge and beliefs educative infrastructure
beauty
convenience accessibility in case of flooding
liveability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Portland city
context design info

continent North America designer Several designers
country USA
city Portland client City of Portland
city area 375,78 km² year 1970 - ongoing

city density 1689,2 hab/km² status built
climate condition csb size 375,78 km²
theme overall city plan morphology grid
relation
description
_policies for sutainability (...)Portland, Oregon is often referred to as America’s number one environmentally friendly
_carbon reduction goals or ‘green’ city. Portland has everything: lively and attractive pedestrian-oriented neighborhoods, 510
_reduction of landfil kilometres of cycle paths, efficient public transportation networks, the highest number of urban parks
_visual water infrastructure per capita in the US, and the country’s greatest concentration of vegetarian and vegetarian-friendly
_stormwater management restaurants.
to avoid flooding, Portland is definitely all about sustainable and low-impact living: half its power comes from
_reduce pollutants in renewable sources; a quarter of the workforce commutes by bike, carpool (so-called Flex Cars) or
rainwater, public transportation; its city planning minimises sprawl; 35 buildings are certified by the US Green
_protect and enhance Building Council; 67% of all waste is composted and treated locally; the recycling ethic is widespread;
groundwater quality and over 200 green roofs cover buildings. Where do these forward-thinking initiatives and Portland’s
quality of living so praised by the press come from?(...)
http://www.portlandoregon.gov/
bes/47203
http://www.portlandoregon.gov/
bps/article/268612
http://www.
projects/portland-oregon-us/
taxonomy
produce 10% on-site

energy production renewable sources
reduce the total energy use of building
energy saving built before 2010 by 25%
metabolism permaculture and urban farms FLOSS
food production lifestyle (Fresh, Local, Organic, Seasonal
and Sustainable)
waste management garbage and food scrap collection
planning - reduction 40% landfill, funding from
federal state and local sources
flexibility mixed use

management
communication Sustainability Liaison in
each bureau of municipal
operations
pollution
green roofs, rooftop gardens, buffers,
bioswales, permeable paving, separate
flood hazard and drough stormwater systems with multiple tanks,
pumps and controls
water sanitation water collected is filtered through a sand
trap and then treated with ultraviolet light
transportation
supply
ensure that the new building

adapt to the changing
technology performance buildings integration to urban climate, green roofs,
systems compact neighborhoods
carpoll, planning minimises sprawl,

development along transportation hubs,
surface
free bicycles for low income residents
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
social interaction and public access, place to stay

environmental cohesion vegetarian friendly restaurants
design knowledge and beliefs visible water structures
beauty
convenience 20 minutes neighborhood
liveability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Bioswales Ruwenbos District
context design info

continent Europe designer Municipality of Enschede
country Netherlands
city Enschede client Municipality of Enschede

theme overall district plan morphology grid
relation
description
The goals were to reduce In Ruwenbos the bioswales are designed to be dry 85% of the year, to prevent muddy
peak drainage and situations and to avoid attracting mosquitoes. Here the bioswales were positioned in existing ditches
overflows, to manage wherever possible, allowing the original vegetation and drainage structure to remain in place.
groundwater flooding and One of the bioswales in Enschede was monitored for six years. The data collected reveals
shortages and to improve that the dimensions of the bioswales are solid: even in the period from 1999 to 2002, which was
the quality of surface water wetter than average, almost all the water (99%) could infiltrate the ground. It also became apparent
and groundwater. that the micro-pollutants in the upper layer of the bioswale remain there. In Enschede, the investment
costs for creating the bioswale system were lower than the costs of an improved separate system.
Maintenance costs, conversely, are slightly higher. However, some of the costs of maintaining the
bioswale system can be charged to the costs of public green areas.
http://www.
projects/ruwenbos-enschede-
the-netherlands/
http://drainforlife.eu/index.
php/en/best-practise/best-
international-practice/49-
enschede-the-netherlands
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility
management
communication
pollution
bioswales and gutters

flood hazard and drough over the district ditches
for water infiltration
water sanitation designed to be dry 85%
of the year, to prevent
transportation muddy situations and
to avoid attracting
supply mosquitoes

systems
surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
social interaction and

environmental cohesion
beauty
convenience
liveability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Bishan Ang MO Kio Park
context design info

continent Asia designer Atelier Dreiseitl
country Singapore
city Singapore client PUB & NParks

climate condition Af size 62 ha = 0,62Km²
theme Riverside Park morphology Spine

drainage measure
relation
description
At Bishan Park, a 2.7 km long straight concrete drainage channel has been restored into a sinuous,
natural river 3.2 km long, that meanders through the park. Sixty-two hectares of park space has
been tastefully redesigned to accommodate the dynamic process of a river system which includes
fluctuating water levels, while providing maximum benefit for park users. Three playgrounds,
restaurants, a new look out point constructed using the recycled walls of the old concrete channel,
and plenty of open green spaces complement the natural wonder of an ecologically restored river in
the heartlands of the city.
php?id=47&lang=en
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility
management
communication
pollution
the straight drainage

flood hazard and drough canal is transformed in
more natural sinuous
water sanitation river-like canal. The park
gives more room to the
transportation river to accomodate
water.
supply retantion ponds are
placed closed to the
buildings and delay the
water to arrive at the river
systems
surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
ecological design biodiversity vegetation at the canal

edge
social interaction and the riverfront is transformed into
environmental cohesion a public park
beauty sinuous canal
convenience
liveability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Melbourne Docklands Park WSUD Strategy
context design info

continent Oceania designer Aecom
country Australia
city Melbourne client City of Melbourne - Docklands
Park
city area 9990,5 km² year
climate condition Cfb size 32500m² = 0,032km²
theme Harbour District morphology point
relation
description
Building on experience gained from the early implementation of Water Sensitive Urban Design,
Melbourne Docklands now promotes the latest advances in this technology into the urban built
form. Stormwater generated from hard surfaces is treated near its source, using a variety of forms
and scales of landscape elements for filtering. Treated stormwater from parts of the Melbourne
Docklands precinct is directed to sub-surface storage facilities and used to irrigate four hectares of
central parkland area.
Background facts and Key

public spaces
http://www.melbourne.vic.
gov.au/AboutMelbourne/
PrecinctsandSuburbs/
Docklands/Pages/
DocklandsPublicRealmPlan.
aspx
http://www.aecom.
com/Where+We+Are/
Australia+-+New+Zealand/
Design+and+Planning/_
projectsList/Melbourne+Dockla
nds+Park+WSUD+Strategy
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility
management
communication
air heat island effect tree pit

raingardens
pollution passive tree watering
wetlands
stomwater storage
flood hazard and drough permeable ground surfaces
vegetated swales, buffer strips and bio-
water sanitation filtration to filter runoff prior to discharge into
waterways
transportation implemetation of ferries
supply reuse of water for landscape irrigation

systems
mobility infrastructures improvement of streetscape and connection

surface to the neighbourhoods
public space alive public spaces with diversity of uses and
well connected public facilities
ground water groundwater monitoring wells
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity

diversity of activities and uses at
social interaction and the streets
environmental cohesion educative infrastructure
beauty ensure that the streets are open to the sky
convenience universal access
liveability
culture and identity public art
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Toppilansaari Park
context design info

country Finland
city Oulu client City of Oulu

city density 137,5 hab/km² status built
climate condition Dfc size 75 ha = 0,75 km²
theme harbour district morphology line
relation
description
The park provides convenient and informal recreation and activity areas which help reduce
recreational impact on the sensitive wetland habitat. It is also a storm-water system, where rainwater
and spring snowmelt are collected, cleaned and slowly released to the wetland.
‘Toppilansaari’ means ‘Park of the Young Sailor’ in Finnish. This name defined the programme of two
land art installations which close the southern and northern ends of the park.
_Snowmelt collection
water cleaning processes
_landmarks
_landscape and art
php?id=83&lang=en
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility
management
communication
pollution
flood hazard and drough storm-water system, where rainwater

and spring snowmelt are collected,
water sanitation cleaned and slowly released to the
wetland.
transportation
supply
technology performance buildings integration to urban sustainable pilot housing project

systems
surface
public space green park forms a central core
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity

design knowledge and beliefs light ‘vortex’ is an orientation landmark
beauty sunken boat memorial
convenience
liveability
culture and identity two land art installations
crime safety
heritage
leisure convenient and informal recreation and
exercise activity areas
human health
Zhangjiawo New Town
context design info

continent Asia designer Atelier Dreiseitl
country China
city Tianjin client Shanghai Wisepool Real Estate
Co. Ltd.
city density 1200 hab/km2 status Built
climate condition cwa size 50ha= 0,5 km²
theme Riverside morphology point
relation
description
The need for new housing in China reflects on one hand an expanding urban population and
on the other an important shift in expectations. The first 20 hectares have been built and reveal the
“liveability” design qualities at the heart of the development concept.
A water sensitive urban design concept creates a language of green street detailing. Rainwater
is collected, cleansed through natural plant systems and collected in a central waterbody. Small
pedestrian neighborhoods are grouped together creating both privacy and community. 200 year old
orchard trees were retained and give the project playful maturity.
This ecological infrastructure concept is vital to prevent brackish water pushing in from the sea.
The Feng Chang river has been restored from a 30 m wide polluted irrigation canal back into a beautiful,
clean, natural river. The banks are softly shaped and planted - a flourishing ecology has rebalanced the
natural biology of the water making the Feng Chang river a community asset which is a focus point for
leisure and socialising, as well as safeguarding water resources.
php?id=55&lang=en
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility
management
communication
acoustic comfort
pollution
flood hazard and drough Rainwater is collected, cleaned through

natural plant systems and collected in a
water sanitation central waterbody.
transportation
supply

systems
surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
a flourishing ecology has rebalanced the

ecological design biodiversity natural biology

environmental cohesion Feng Chang river restored from a 30 m
design knowledge and beliefs wide polluted irrigation canal back into a
beauty beautiful, clean, natural river.
convenience
liveability 200 year old orchard trees were retained
crime safety and give the project playful maturity.
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Victoria Park Public Domain
context design info

continent Oceania designer Hassell
country Australia
city Sydney client Landcom

climate condition Cfa size 24 ha = 0,24km²
theme transformation of morphology Grid

existing space
relation
description
The design concept embodied four key principles that relate to its place: site-wide environmental
strategy, interpretation of the natural wetland systems, site connectivity and community development.
In the public domain, the east-west streets feature median wetlands that facilitate the water
management system. North-south streets are more traditional avenues. This was a direct response to
solar access into streets and allowed for the introduction of bio-swale treatments into the wider east-
west streets. The parks have a richness in spatial form and materials, unified by the common thread
of indigenous planting of wetland species, and a landform that is moulded to accommodate water
retention requirements. Public artworks express and celebrate improved water quality achievements,
and plant selection and habitat creation consistently support the local ecosystem and promote
biodiversity.
The project is unique in its site-wide focus on water management and its integration with the
public domain.
The bio-retention swale infiltration system regulates the quality of first flush water from the
site’s public roads. The filtered water is intercepted, recycled and visibly exposed at the site’s notable
water features at Joynton Park.
Plant selection and habitat creation consistently support the local ecosystem and promote
biodiversity. Native species are predominantly used in streets and parks to re establish endemic
communities on the site and minimise maintenance requirements.
http://www.hassellstudio.com/
en/cms-projects/detail/victoria-
park-public-domain
http://www.hassellstudio.com/
en/cms-projects/detail/victoria-
park-public-domain (page 28)
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility
management
communication
pollution
The bio-retention swale infiltration

flood hazard and drough system regulates the quality of first flush
water from the site’s public roads. The
water sanitation filtered water is intercepted, recycled and
visibly exposed at the site’s notable water
transportation features at Joynton Park.
supply

systems
surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
Native species: establish endemic

ecological design biodiversity communities on the site and minimise
maintenance requirements.
social interaction and public park
environmental cohesion educative infrastructure
beauty water features
convenience
liveability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
1.3 SELECTED DESIGNS - NON-BUILT
Rotterdam Adaptation Strategy
context design info

continent Europe designer De Urbanisten
country Netherlands
city Rotterdam client City of Rotterdam and Rotterdam
Climate Proof
city density 2962 hab/km² status aproved city policy
climate condition cfb size 319,4 Km²
theme city policy morphology grid
relation
description
_Water robust streets, The strategy sets the course for the city to adapt to the changing climate. Predictions indicate
watersquares and that we will experience more extreme weather conditions, such as heavier rainstorms, longer periods
bioswales of drought and more heat waves, as well as higher water levels for both the sea and the rivers. Since
_Proposal of six different Rotterdam is a delta city, it is especially vulnerable to these consequences of climate change. De
city typologies Urbanisten supported the City of Rotterdam in developing the Rotterdam adaptation strategy.
_Participatory government Rotterdam has a long tradition of continuous adaptation of the city to new circumstances which
_Incorporation of conomic resulted in an ingenious and robust ‘system’ that keeps the delta city dry and safe. The maintenance
issues and improvement of this system of dikes, surface waters and sewage is the basic condition for a
_Incorporation of agriculture climate-proof Rotterdam. But more adaptive measures are needed to alleviate the system and to make
use it more resilient. Solutions can be found in the space of the city, both in the public and private domain.
In the ‘arteries of the city’ small-scale measures can be taken like depaving hard surfaces and making
green spaces.
strategy: a multi-layered flood protection based on adaptive construction, flood resilient public
spaces and Building with Nature
http://www.urbanisten.nl/
wp/?portfolio=rotterdam-
adaptation-strategy
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility
management
communication cooperation between
inhabitants, businesses and
interest groups
pollution
outer-dike: a multi-layered flood

protection based on adaptive
construction, flood resilient
water sanitation
public spaces and Building with
Nature.
transportation
Inner-dike:‘sponge function’
to capture and store rainwater
supply
where it falls and to delay
drainage- water robust streets,
watersquares and bioswales
systems
surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity

beauty climate adaptive measures are
convenience visible to people
liveability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Copenhagen Strategy Flood Masterplan
context design info

country Denmark
city Copenhagen client Municipality of Copenhagen

climate condition cfb size 34 km2
theme overall city plan morphology grid
relation
design/ city 38,5% medium
description
flood management and On the 2nd of July, 2011 large areas of the city of Copenhagen were flooded. Copenhagen is
water quality in synergy on the front line of climate change, experiencing increasingly heavy rain events, as they are also on the
with the urban environment leading edge of urban innovation with a vision of transforming their city into a sustainable, C02 neutral
city by 2025.
Ramboll and Atelier Dreiseitl have been invited to create a “Cloudburst Concretization
Masterplan” for 8 central city catchments (Norrebro, Ladegards-aen and Vesterbro, Valby & Vanlose),
encompassing a total area of 34 km². The strategy addresses key issues of flood management and
recuperation of water front water quality, while seeking to create the greatest possible synergy with the urban environment.
A “cloudburst” tool box of urban interventions, such as cloudburst boulevards, cloudburst parks,
_CO2 neutral cloudburst plazas, provides the basis for a dynamic and multifunctional system.
_mobility measures This new generation of blue-green infrastructures addresses essential city services such as
_Economic issues mobility, recreation, safety and biodiversity, creating a strategic and feasible approach to ensure long-
term resilience and economic buoyancy.
php?id=79&lang=em
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
dynamic and multifunctional
public spaces that can harvest
flexibility rain water: park, plazas, green
management streets (rain gardens), urban
communication canals, urban creek and retention
boulevard.

green streets
pollution
flood hazard and drough cloudburst boulevards, parks and

plazas
water sanitation
transportation
supply

systems
rainwater infrastructure combined

mobility infrastructures with mobility infrastrucure system
surface
public space adaptation and transformation in
more functional public spaces
subsurface tunnel connecting

ground water
streets to the sea
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
ecological design biodiversity greener public spaces: streets

and parks
social interaction and meeting arenas, public access, place
environmental cohesion to stay
beauty
convenience
liveability
crime safety
heritage
exercise
human health
Coal lake city | living city design competition
context design info

continent Europe designer OOZE architecture & research
country Germany
city Bottrop client International living future institute

city density 1185,26 hab/km² status competition of ideas
theme transform existing morphology grid

cities: mine
relation
description
_Heritage values Sustainable development, in our point of view, considers not only the implementation of
_Cycle processes are new processes that are inspired by a new way of thinking in cycles: processes which make use of
considered renewable resources and re-use these. Sustainable development also takes account of the traces that
_Politic dialogue - have been inscribed into the environment by human practices, both social and economic, in earlier
participatory project times. We think that there is no bright future without considering the past.
development We suggest that the uncomfortable and often threatening environmental heritage present in
_Mining shafts are reused many urban regions of the world can be used in a positive way, that it can form a source of inspiration
as lakes for strategies which strive to realize a sustainable future. Through establishing a dialogue between the
_Food methabolism past and the future, the sustainability of regions becomes a political enterprise that is driven by the
considered awareness and urgency of current and concrete problems. And: specific environmental problems hint
_Regeneration of nature at the spatial, socioeconomic and cultural structures which have caused them to exist and thus require
_Surroundings, culture, transformation. The past is the frame of reference within which people are able to understand and act.
social, food, economy With the project COAL LAKE CITY we intend to contribute to a political dialogue on sustainability:
HEALTH We demonstrate how the Ruhr region can make use of its environmental deficit to shape its future.
_Multidisciplinarity We imagine that the instable land on top of the collapsing mining shafts sinks to form a city of lakes.
And: we imagine the land to sink in a strategic way, one that induces new possibilities: possibilities
to generate energy, to close water cycles, to strengthen the social and economic structure, to create
zones of retreat for nature and island of condensed urban activities. We imagine the past to help the
future. (fragment from the website)
https://ilbi.org/action/
competitions/LCDC/lcdc
https://ilbi.org/action/
competitions/LCDC/project-
pages/project-pdfs/coallakecity-
ruhr-narrative
http://www.flickr.com//
photos/livingfuture/
sets/72157627600630499/
show/
taxonomy
Community: Solar thermal collector,

ground heat source, PV for home/
cars
District: PV Solar farm, PV
industries/ services buildings
energy production City: Algea farm produced at the
lake reuse CO² from industries
energy saving
metabolism
food production community garden
waste management bio, human and agricultural wastefor

planning compost for fertilizer
material and food packing waste recycle
and return to industry
flexibility
management
communication participatory democracy
acoustic comfort
pollution
water sanitation reuse of water in community garden,

agriculture
transportation helophyte filter, reverse osmosis filter, UV
treatment
supply rain water collection

systems
surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity

beauty introduction of a lake in the old mine
convenience
liveability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
River+City+Life
context design info

continent North America designer Stoss Landscape Urbanism
country Canada
city Toronto client City of Toronto

city density 945,4 hab/km² status competition
climate condition dfa size 1,4 km²
theme Coast morphology point

River mouth
Post-Idustrial relation
renewal design/ city <1% small
description
_Use of Berms as a Stoss LU’s proposal envisioned integrated infrastructures that would reestablish the river
repository for contaminated marsh and control flooding. These would comprise armored and porous surfaces, which could capture
soil water flow, encourage plant growth, and create a system that would accommodate changing water
_diversity of housing levels, at low tide and high tide, during spring runoff and summer drought. The success of these hybrid
typology infrastructural tactics would depend on the right combination of natural and engineered systems. For
_Heritage values example, new berms, correctly located, could prevent flooding while functioning as repositories for
_Culture values contaminated soil and platforms for new development. Additional design tactics were proposed to
_Civic values create social as well as ecological diversity. In this regard, flexibility was an important principle driving
_Multilayered analysis for development of the new neighborhood envisioned by the scheme. The proposal offered eleven housing
health typologies, which could be combined in different ways to create various densities. Furthermore, as the
_Porous surface building types settled around the new landscape forms, their varying densities would define distinct
_Ecological Diversity neighborhoods. Thus, relationships between built form and open space at different scales would
give each new district its own character, which would blend with the needs of the river to produce a
memorable and distinctive new environment. (fragment from the booklet)
http://places.designobserver.
com/media/pdf/
RIVER+CITY+LIF_98.pdf
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility eleven housing typologies

management combined in different ways to
communication create various densities
pollution
flood hazard and drough porous surface, system that

accommodate changing
water sanitation water levels at low tide and
high tide, berms made of
transportation contaminated soil
supply

systems
surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology use of berms as a repository

for contaminated soil and for
healthiness flooding prevention
biodiversity

beauty variety of landscapes in
convenience different districts
liveability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Waller Creek
context design info

continent North America designer Michael van Valkenburgh
country USA associates
city Austin TX client Waller Creek Conservancy
city area 704 km² year 2012-ongoing

city density 1092 hab/km² status Competition winner
climate condition cfa size 2,41 km / 0,11km²
theme Riverside morphology Spine
relation
design/ city <1% Small
description
_Context-sensitive Waller Creek is a narrow urban riparian corridor that meanders for 1,5 miles through downtown
interventions Austin, TX. Over the years, the creek has suffered from erosion, invasive species, and flash flooding,
_Bio-engineering and has been physically and culturally isolated from the city around it. In 2011, construction began on
techniques and native plant a new tunnel beneath the creek that will effectively remove 28 acres of the city from the floodplain,
palette along the creek maintain constant water flow, and prevent further erosion. The winning MVVA-led submission to
_Heritage values the Waller Creek Competition reframes the newly engineered creek as an ecological system that
_Energy generation from can celebrate Austin’s distinctive local culture and connect the city’s downtown core to traditionally
the road to the cleaning underserved East Austin.
plant Waller Creek is too long, and its condition too varied, to be resolved with a single sweeping
design gesture. What was called for, rather, was a sensitivity to the particulars of the remarkably
heterogeneous site. The MVVA team allowed the City of Austin, its citizens, and the creek itself to
suggest a series of highly context-sensitive interventions. The resulting design concept expands a
rejuvenated Waller Creek into a linear chain of parks, embedded in five connected neighborhood
districts: The Lattice, The Grove, The Narrows, The Refuge, and The Confluence. Each district has a
distinctive character, and together they give Austin a network of pedestrian bridges, new opportunities
for sustainable development, an outdoor laboratory of urban ecology, and an iconic new music venue,
the Poppy, at the creek’s tunnel inlet.
http://www.mvvainc.com/
project.php?id=99&c=urban_
design
http://www.wallercreek.org/
taxonomy
energy production Energy generation from the

road to the cleaning plant
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility
management
communication
pollution
water sanitation
transportation
supply

systems
mobility infrastructures network of pedestrian bridges

surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness Waller Creek into a linear chain

of parks
biodiversity Bio-engineering techniques and
native plant palette along the
creek to preserve its historical
ecological design biodiversity character and better sustain
regional ecologies

beauty Context-sensitive interventions
convenience to the particulars of the diverse
liveability
culture and identity site
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Athens City Centre
context design info

continent Europe designer Okra
country Greece
city Athens client Onassis Foundation
city area 412 km² year 2013/ 2015

climate condition csa size 56 ha = 0,56km²
theme Overall city plan morphology Spine
relation
design/ city <1% Small
description
_Old city intervention The project ‘One step beyond’ focuses on creating a resilient city, accessible city and vibrant
_systemic project city.
Resilient City – The city centre of Athens will be transformed into a green network, and
Panepistimiou will be the central green spine, providing shade and shelter. The resilient strategy
includes specific attitudes towards reducing the urban heat and improving thermal comfort). A greening
strategy for Athens is combined with a water strategy, since a good condition of plantings is crucial to
contribute to heat reduction. Capturing rainwater in underground basins, on top of roofs or elsewhere
helps to keep the water in the area.
Accessible city – The green framework will be treated as a coherent network of public realm in
all directions and linking the adjacent neighborhoods, having its highlight on Panepistimiou. Restoration
of the continuities of the crossing streets creates continuity in the walking experience.
Vibrant city -Panepistimiou will change from ‘street’ to ‘boulevard’, by adding inviting spaces to
stay to the linear space. Occupying and transforming ground floors, we introduce the concept of the
theatre of 1000 rooms towards vacant buildings, organizing cultural events and shift focal points who
will create a new vibrant atmosphere. Small open-air podia for outdoor initiatives will be created in
public realm. Programmes are related to Greek philosophy, science, drama and art. An ‘encroachment
zone’ will improve active frontages and create linkages between the built environment and public
realm. Interactive decorative light in public realm will give the right atmosphere during evening hours.
http://www.archdaily.
com/338001/re-think-athens-
winning-proposal-okra/
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility
management
communication
pollution
flood hazard and drough Capturing rainwater in

underground basins and on
water sanitation top of roofs to keep the water
in the area
transportation
supply
Occupying and transforming

technology performance buildings integration to urban ground floors and vacant
systems buildings
new tramway,
link the adjacent
mobility infrastructures neighborhoods improving
surface network
public space Small open-air podia
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
ecological design biodiversity green network along with the

streets

beauty interactive decorative light
convenience continuities of the crossing
liveability
culture and identity streets
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
Waterway Ring of São Paulo
context design info

continent South America designer Grupo Metrópole Fluvial FAUUSP
country Brazil
city São Paulo client City of São Paulo

city density 7216,3/km2 status Study of pre-viability
climate condition aw size 1523km²
theme Riverside ring morphology Grid
relation
design/ city 100% Large
description
_Waste treatment Transforming the main rivers into waterways and its margins into main metropolitan public
processes spaces, the public character of São Paulo’s water is reinforced. Thereby, urban rivers become routes
_multiple uses of water for passengers and cargo transportation, places for leisure and tourism, besides contributing to the
_mobility of public cargo urban macro drainage. Therefore, functional, educative and playful areas are created to the benefit of
management the population.
_water management The Waterway project is also aligned with the guidelines of the National Policy for Urban
_prevention of floods Mobility (Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana), which has in its objectives contribute to the universal
_environmental green accessibility to the city and to mitigate environmental, economic and social costs of people and cargo
infrastructures around displacement. Closely related to urban development and social welfare, goods moved in the city are
rivers considered in this study as public and commercial loads that travel in the urban environment.
http://www.metropolefluvial.
fau.usp.br/index_en.php
taxonomy
transport, transhipment and

treatment of five kinds of
energy production waste defined as public cargo.
The transport is relized at the
energy saving main rivers of the city and the
metabolism processing of waste at public
food production equipaments (buildings) located
at the perimeter of these
waste management navigable canals
planning
flexibility muntifunctionality of water structure

management mixed uses at the new urban
communication developments
replacement of trucks by boats
for transportation of public
cargos
acoustic comfort
public parks at the border of
air heat island effect the new canal infrastructure
increase the number of green
pollution areas, which are very rare in
the city
regulation of the water flow in
flood hazard and drough the rivers to control floods and
drough
water sanitation cleaning of rivers and resevoirs
navigable canals transporting
transportation waste and at some points
agriculture and people
supply connection of the city resevoirs
allows transportation of potable
water from further resevoirs
through the canal
systems
the navigable canals reduce
the traffic of trucks in the city
mobility infrastructures arteries
surface
public space it is created numerous
new public spaces at the
infraestructural river front
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity

increase the number of public
social interaction and meeting spaces around the city
environmental cohesion revive the presence of the
design knowledge and beliefs important rivers
beauty change the concrete jungle into
convenience a greener space
liveability
crime safety multifunctional buildings
heritage promote lively streets
leisure increase the number of public
exercise spaces
human health
River Bypass
context design info

continent Europe designer H+N+S
country Netherlands
city Overijssel client Province of Overijssel
city area 3327 km² year 2006-2008

city density 330 hab/km² status
climate condition cfb size 500ha=5 km²
theme riverside morphology line
relation
description
_Considere Agriculture The IJsseldelta South project, commissioned by Project IJsseldelta (Province of Overijssel),
uses concerns an area of 500 hectares and is based on hydrological research carried out by DHV Consultants.
_Creation of nature reserve As a predicted outcome of global warming, the River IJssel will in future have to carry more water into
with recreational uses the IJsselmeer lake.
_New course for The river’s narrow section through the city of Kampen will present problems at times of peak
recreational boats, river burdens. Excavation of areaa new water channel flowing in parallel with the existing River IJssel
intermittently flooding could provide the necessary discharge capacity.
wetlands, wildlife and H+N+S has been one of several groups participating in an integrated plan, in which
recreational facilities, development of the transport infrastructure, the urban expansion of Kampen and fulfilling ecological
residential units plans are combined within an attractive landscape.
http://www.hnsland.nl/index.
php?option=com_content&vie
w=article&id=400:projects&ca
tid=29:projects&Itemid=64&la
ng=en-GB
http://pt.slideshare.net/
ArjanOtten/i-jsseldelta-project-
jrbm-v3
taxonomy
energy production
energy saving
metabolism
food production
waste management
planning
flexibility
management
communication
acoustic comfort

river bypass: increase the
pollution conveyance of the river IJssel
through the creation of a river
branch connecting the river to
flood hazard and drough the lake
water sanitation network of ditches transforms

open water and reed marsh
transportation sailing route will link the River
IJssel to the Randmeren
supply

systems
mobility infrastructures the transport infrastructure

surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
Wind-driven water levels of the
Randmeren lake system, this brings
ecological benefits
The new floodplain zone will be
social interaction and anature reserve where recreation is
environmental cohesion also possible
design knowledge and beliefs Kampen’s new residential area will be
beauty designed in relation to the waterways.
convenience
liveability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
1.4 EXCLUDED DESIGN PRACTICES
Second Selection
Project Landscape Ele-
Designer ment
Client Size
Innovation
Status Year Morphology
Image
Location Typology
References
Description
Lower Don Lands Master Plan The Port Lands Estuary project unites the _Complex mobility sytem
Master Plan client’s major programmatic initiatives into _Culture values
a single framework for the study area that _Heritage values
michael van 1,4 km² will simultaneously make the site more _Diversity of uses
valkenburgh associates natural (with the potential for new site _natural reclamation
ecologies based on the size and complexity _regional ecology
City of Toronto Point of the river mouth landscape) and more
2007-ongoing urban (with the development of a green
residential district and its integration into
Competition an ever-expanding network of infrastructure
Winner Coast and use).
Not built yet River mouth
Post-industrial renewal
North America
Canada
Toronto Green and Blue
http://www.mvvainc.com/project.
php?id=87&c=competitions
Nansen Park Master Plan The lake is not just great place to splash _Art and Landscape
and play, but is ecological infrastructure _Water cleaning process
Atelier Dreiseitl ready to receive stormwater run-off from
Bjørbekk & Lindheim, 0,47 km² the surrounding development, which is
Norconsult important not jus for the park but also to
protect the water quality in Oslo Harbour.
Statsbygg Point The lake system extends through 7 fingers
into the urban design, with an artistic
2008 highlight at the old control tower where a
Built Lake water-glass sculpture brings the ephemeral
Island in a Fjord beauty of water and light into the city.
Europe
Norway
Oslo Green and Blue
php?id=51&lang=en
Guangzhou huadi Master Plan The Masterplan vision starts with the _Heritage values
sustainable master plan introduction of an ecological water system _Economic issues
network. Implementing this system will _Horticulture
West8 20,5 km² rearrange the land use structure on a large _Strategies to decrease the
scale. It consists of the main ecological CO2 emission
Planning Bureau cleaning machine imbedded in locations, a _Ecological green and blue
of Liwan District, Grid Primary Water Collector System, Secondary system
Guangzhou City Water Connector with Water Locks (Inlets/
People’s Government Outlets) and Tertiary Water Network of
2012 New city Small Scale Ditches (canals) which will be
Idea Riverside streaming along the gridline corresponding
Competition to the Guangzhou and Fushan cities
Winner historical axis, the Canton axis. It will create
Green and Blue a systematic land use for horticulture
Asia industry purposes, improve logistics and
China allow keeping CO2 emission low.
Guangzhou
Liwan
Fangcun Huadi
http://www.west8.nl/projects/
sustainable_planning/guangzhou_
huadi_sustainable_master_plan/
Second Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Innovation
Image
Location Typology
References
Description
Green singel Master Plan In its vision statement “Daring to dream of _Green corridor in combination
a Green River” and in the Spatial Structure with the hard mobility
Plan, the city declares that the strategic infrastructures
City of Antwerp Spine space of the Green Singel is not only
important in terms of mobility. The space
between the inner and the outer city,
2009 Green corridor which besides the Singel and the Ring also
comprises of a broad roadside landscape,
Strategy for 2020 can indeed play a crucial role in terms of
aproved by the city Green green space shortages, the development of
council local public facilities, ecological connections,
city climate, housing development, top and
offi ce locations, water management, etc. In
Europe short, this space has a key role to play in the
Berlgium development of a liveable city. (fragment)
Antwerp
Daring to dream of a Green River:

The vision of the city of antwerp on
the devolopment of the strategic
space of the green singel
Gent Ledeberg Infrastructure Four physical interventions are the basis for _No demolition to implement
improving the quality of life in Ledeberg: the project
Okra - Places are: making space for people by _Working with the city profiles
Grid creating new meeting places on the street and landmarks
City of Gent - Planting trees: greening the neighborhood _People/ community iniciatives
City of Antwerp for a more pleasant living environment
Street profile - Orientation improvement: improving
2006-ongoing the orientation and landmarks within the
Study district - Roof renovation: overdue building
Green maintenance to improve a high-quality
Europe streetscape and encouraging private garden
Berlgium facades.
Gent
Ledenberg
http://www.okra.nl/project.php?
project_id=836493&img=1407
Segrea Linear park Infrastructure A new green diagonal axis extends into the _Huge green corridor provides
very heart of XXI century Barcelona. It is a a new way for experiencing the
West 8 0,22 km² natural path for pedestrians and bicycles as existing city,
protagonists of a new era of a greener and _important ecological montains
BSAV, Barcelona Line more habitable metropolis, which is in direct and sea
Sagrera Alta Velocitat contact with its natural surroundings. The
s.a. Green Corridor initiative is a key to improve biodiversity and
a stronger urban ecological role of the city.
2011 Green El Camí Comtal will finally connect the
Competition Sea and the Mountains, Nature and City in
winner Barcelona.
Europe
Spain
Barcelona
infrastructure/sagrera_linear_park/
Second Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Innovation
Image
Location Typology
References
Description
Feiham north Munich Infrastructure Ecological urban development that reconciles _Heritage values
the contemporary demands of the city. _mobility measures
West 8 0,86 km² The master plan is composed of a number _sport facilities
of neighborhoods, each with their own _educational space
City of Munich distinctive atmosphere that are all seamlessly _streetscape design
Spine integrated into the surrounding urban and
2011 natural structures. With two suburban train
stations, several buses and a tram to the city
Urban Multi-level plan center, the new district will be extremely
development Plan for well connected to Munich’s public transport
2040 network and the adjacent suburbs of Aubing
Green and Neuaubing. Short distances and strong
Europe connections between living, working and
Germany leisure spaces will ensure a high standard of
Munich living.
sustainable_planning/freiham_nord/
http://www.west8.com/freiham/
index.html#
Madrid rio Infrastructure The Salón de Pinos, will link the existing _diversity of flora
and newly designed urban spaces with each _transformation of high traffic
West 8 42 km other along the Manzanares River, located environment in a liveable and
almost entirely on top of the motorway more attractive pla
municipality of Madrid Line tunnel. Avenida de Portugal, relocated in a
tunnel and providing underground parking,
2006-2011 converting the space into a garden. Huerta
Built Riverside de la Partida, the old Royal Palace is now
a modern interpretation of the orchard and
Europe a wide variety of fruit trees in groups. For
Spain Green and Blue the Arganzuela Park, the dominating motive
Madrid is the water. Puentes Cascara, sevring as
bridges and iconic landmark, creates a place
where the river is really experienced.
madrid_rio
Renova São Paulo - Infrastructure Informal settlementat the river bank _Improvement of informal
Pirajussara _Drainage settlements in combination of
42 km _mobility the river and environmental
Claudio Libeskind _riverside treatment system
Line _new housing
City of S’ao Paulo
2011 Riverside informal

Competition settlements
winner
Green and Blue
South America
Brazil
São Paulo
http://renovasp.habisp.inf.br/
concurso/publico/resultado/
visualizar
Second Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Innovation
Image
Location Typology
References
Description
LTP Ijssel-Vechtdelta Infrastructure In the Long-Term Perspective (LTP) for the _Participatory design
IJssel-Vecht Delta, the water tasks in the _Multilayer safety
H+N+S Delta programme are linked to achieving _Strategy thought in layers
regional objectives relating to living, work,
Point recreation, agriculture and nature with the
2012-2013 end objective of creating a sustainable spatial
Idea design for the region.
River basin The LTP was developed in creative
Client: Provincie conjunction with a wide group of interested
Overijssel parties via interviews, expert meetings and
Green and Blue four workshops. Two long-term perspectives
Europe were then developed. Here, two different
The Netherlands water safety strategies have been worked
Provincie Overijssel out based on ‘multi-layer safety’. The
first focuses on ‘Prevention First’ (layer
1) and additional measures are taken in http://www.hnsland.nl/index.
layers 2 (spatial design) and 3 (emergency php?option=com_content&view=ar
management). In the second perspective, ticle&id=407:projects&catid=28:proj
ects&Itemid=62&lang=
the ‘Made-to-Measure Mix’, the optimum
mix of measures is sought for each area in
the three layers of multi-layer safety. Both
perspectives are robust and provide flexibility
for uncertainties in future tasks.
Quickscan Beykos Infrastructure Together with the Municipality an alternative, _Agriculture use
more sustainable water strategy was _Economic issues
H+N+S explored based on room-for-the-river and _Leisure importance
Spine delay, store, discharge principles. During
Beykoz the integrated process, professionals from
Municipality different Turkish government organisations
Riverside were brought together in collaborative
2013 workshops. The partners laid the foundation
Alternative study for for a unique project that introduces integral
the Riva valley Green and Blue area development in Turkey, an approach
that goes beyond the technical and which
strives to develop solutions for the water
Europe issues in conjunction with new plans for the
Turkey revitalization of the agricultural areas and the
Istambul further ecological and leisure protection and
development of the Riva basin.
php?option=com_content&view=ar
ticle&id=408:projects&catid=28:proj
ects&Itemid=62&lang=
Strasbourg tram Infrastructure Strasbourg has made a name for itself as a _environmentally-friendly tram
pioneer in urban transport. The city was one system,
Strasbourg 55,5 km of the first in France to opt for a return to a
municipality transport system which had been abandoned
Grid in the second half of the 19th century, and
1994 in so doing-heightened its international
Built reputation.
Tram-overall system
Europe Green and Grey

France http://www.en.strasbourg.eu/
Strasbourg
Second Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Innovation
Image
Location Typology
References
Description
Hudson Park and Patch Hudson Park and Boulevard is the _ transformation of industrial
Boulevard centerpiece of a new neighborhood for neighborhood to a vibrant,
0,01 km² midtown Manhattan’s far west side. In pedestrian-friendly mixed-use
michael van approaching the design of this new public district
valkenburgh associates space, MVVA sought to provide the kind
Spine of daily-use city/park interface seen in
2010-ongoing some of New York City’s most successful
urban spaces, including: seating, tall trees,
North America Industrial area renewal open lawns, planted borders, play space,
USA public art, and fountains, making the park a
New York-NY Green and Blue comfortable, welcoming, and heterogeneous
urban destination.
php?id=56&c=plazas_and_
streetscapes
Jefferson National Patch Revitalizes the river front in order to _Landscape valorizing heritage
Expansion reintroduce ecological diversity and function
0,36 km² to the currently inert monoculture of lawn.
michael van Three new “gateway” gathering areas serve
valkenburgh associates as focal points for emerging neighborhoods
Point at the edges of the site, and create a host
Competition of new ways and reasons for both locals
2010- ongoing and tourists to explore the entirety of the
Riverfront renewal Arch grounds. On the other side of the river,
the JNEM East Wetland Preserve uses
North America stormwater gathered from East St. Louis to
USA Green and Blue create sixty acres of new wildlife habitat,
St Louis, MO while a system of canopy trails elevates
visitors above the Mississippi flood berm,
allowing them to appreciate the boundless
horizon of the American Midwest.
php?id=74&c=urban_design
Floating Garden Patch Park as water machine _Building and public spaces in
The park functions as a water machine: synergy
Okra 0,6 km² the water system of the adjacent housing
area will be linked to the park, purified and
Beijing Vanke Real filtered and used in an expressive way, thus
Estate Co., Ltd Point combining recreational qualities to ecological
Built qualities.
2010/ 2011
waterpark
Asia
China
Beijing Green and Blue
http://www.okra.nl/project.
php?project_id=171365&img=1498
Second Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Innovation
Image
Location Typology
References
Description
Donauinsel Patch The following technical measures _multi-level project:

were implemented: The construction flood control combined with
0,29 km² of a discharge canal parallel to the left places for leasure, production
riverbank; today referred to as “New of energy
2005 Point Danube”. The excavation material was used and water supply
Built to raise the Donauinsel, a freestanding
island between the main stream and the
Neighborhood discharge canal. The “New Danube” gets a
and riverside project water supply only during times of flooding,
Europe for the rest of the year the water surface
Austria Green and Blue on the New Danube remains even,
Vienna comparable to a lake.
http://www.wien-vienna.com/
donauinsel.php
Jenfelder Au (New Patch The new public spaces will serve as a _educational for children
Jenfeld) district park comprising lawns with trees, _combination of water and
0,29 km² pavilions, ponds and a water cascade. energy suatainable measures
West8 All storm water will be collected in small
Point trenches along the streets to feed the
competition water cascade and then flow into the
2005-ongoing central pond, which will act as a water
Neighborhood retention basin.
Europe and riverside project Water has an educational function for
Germany young children; they learn about the
Hamburg Green and Blue function and flow of the water whilst
playing with it.
Other eco-friendly measures are the
use of solar cells on top of the roofs of
the buildings and high energy building
standards that will help create a vital and
responsible new quarter.
php?id=83&lang=en
Ooievaar Plan infrastructure The concentration of natural development _Consideration of existing

in the river floodplain leads to the agrarian uses
H+N+S formation of a coherent framework _Groundwater management
of such a size that prospects of self-
Eo Wijers competition spine regulating natural processes arise, and
1980 exceptional forms of recreation become
Built riverside project possible. The basin areas are landscaped
for agrarian use, so that the existing farms
Europe Green and Blue can continue operation in the future.
Netherlands Flexibility is built in by the dimensions
and a double water system (high and low
level) which enables farmers to manage
the groundwater level of each plot to
suit its specific use. Landscape features
plants in the dyke-protected areas, which
currently suffer from a falling water table,
are linked to the high water system so
that a framework is formed on a smaller
scale too. http://www.hnsland.nl/
Second Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Innovation
Image
Location Typology
References
Description
Dutch Dialogues Infrastructure In the so-called ‘Dutch dialogues’, together _ water flood protection
with US parties, Dutch water experts strategy for the city
H+N+S 900 km² conducted surveys on opportunities.
H+N+S participated by virtue of its
Royal Dutch Embassy, specialist experience in water and design.
NWP, APA, WB grid A perspective was created for the city
Architects, WMS: GNO whereby flooding is restricted by creating
inc. sufficient storage capacity and water is
water management visible and can be experienced as part of an
2009-2013 appealing residential environment. In short:
North America Green and Blue a city which lives in harmony with water.
USA Following the Dutch dialogues, in its capacity
New Orleans as a member of a US-Dutch team, H+N+S
was commissioned to work out the Water php?option=com_content&view=ar
Management Strategy for the city in more ticle&id=406:projects&catid=28:proj
detail. ects&Itemid=62&lang=
Amsterdam Climate Infrastructure Taking more time to clean biologically is a _Apaptative measures in water
Proof Zaan way to create new green areas and preinvest proofing developments
in green structures and save money at the _Participatory government
De Urbanisten same time. If we smartly move polluted soil _Incorporation of creative
within the study area, we can floodproof industry
Explorative study Point and biologically clean at the same time. _Cleaning measures with green
Ministry of Furthermore we propose to sometimes dig and cheap structures
infrastructure and out undeep polluted locations to reveal clean
environment Riverside soil layers. Here we deliberately create the
necessity for adaptive measurements to
2012 Green and Blue strengthen a water related characteristic
for the site. This is the case for a part of
NDSM terrain, where we propose a closer
Europe relationship to the IJ and to use a part of
The Netherlands the area for rainwater collection at the
Amsterdam same time. Wet green typologies and the
‘waterpark’, a new public space typology
on the old ship wharf, create a dynamic
character. With the changing of the weather, http://www.urbanisten.nl/
the waterpark will change its appearance as wp/?portfolio=climateproof-zaanij-
well as its potential for urban activities. banks
Overall climateproofing Zaan/IJ-banks
combines different civil engineering
interventions into a spatial strategy that
strengthens and diversifies the relationship
between the land and the water of the IJ.
Going with the flow Master Plan H+N+S worked on a study for the renewal _subsidence of land
- towards a new of the surface water system of Randstad _recreational uses
watersystem for Holland. Bring together all these tasks in
Randstad Holland Grid an open and attractive landscape with an
abundance of water that benefits recreational
H+N+S users, developers, flora and fauna.
water management This cannot be achieved from one day to the
2005 next. It involves space, competing interests
Idea - Model for the and money. ‘Surfing along in the Flood’ is an
Randstad Green and Blue appeal for a phased and collective approach
in the form of preparation and facilitation:
Europe reserve space here and put a stop to
The Netherlands urbanization, invest in new components of
the water structure and hitch a ride with new
opportunities elsewhere. This places polders
and peatland areas in a surprising spatial http://www.hnsland.nl/index.
planning perspective. In spite of - or perhaps php?option=com_content&view=ar
thanks to - the Flood, we proclaim we’re not ticle&id=401:projects&catid=28:proj
leaving, we’re staying!’ ects&Itemid=62&lang=en-GB
Second Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Innovation
Image
Location Typology
References
Description
Studies to integrte the Infrastructure Environmental System for connexion for the _defragmentation of green
river to the city city/ improving mobility structures over the city
150 000 km² 1-River as the structural axis _Mobility
Client: City of Medellín 2-repowering urban green gaps _Participatory government
Line 3-recover the water corps
2012 4-recycle underused structures in the bio-
Competition winner corridor
Riverside
South America
Colômbia Green and Blue
Medellin
http://www.archdaily.com.br/br/01-
165814/primeiro-lugar-no-concurso-
internacional-para-o-parque-do-rio-
em-medellin
opMAAT / atelier Patch (...)In view of the sustainability ambitions _community garden
GROENBLAUW of the residents and architects, the Public
Works Department of the Municipality
2009 Point of Rotterdam was contacted at an early
Built stage in the planning process. This made it
Client: Vestia Hoogvliet possible to realise a bioswale, a rainwater
Riverside pond and above-ground precipitation drains
and to recycle much of the paving materials
Europe remaining after demolition. The Public Works
Netherlands Green and Blue Department assisted with the details of the
Rotterdam sustainability plan throughout the remainder
Hoogvliet of the process.
Hof van Heden, In addition to the elimination of rainwater
from the drain system, the ecological garden
designs and the ecological management, an
EPC of 0.6 has been achieved. The project http://www.groenblauwenetwerken.
also incorporated sustainable materials such com/projects/hof-van-heden-
as sand-lime bricks, modified wood, partial hoogvliet-rotterdam/
flax wool insulation and ecological paint. The
homes are ventilated using natural means
and are extremely well insulated. (...)
First Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Location Typology Image
Description References
San Juan Master Plan The area is intended to formalize a

Knowledge comprehensive Life Science cluster that will
Corridor 8 km² facilitate the development of a new economic
vision for Puerto Rico
Office Profiles Point
Landscape Architects the project integrates educational and
University Campus research campuses with commercial
San Juan City Park Corridor laboratories, vibrant mixed-use urban
neighborhoods, efficient transportation
networks and dynamic public open spaces. http://www.newyork-architects.
Central America Green and Grey com/en/fo/projects-3/san_juan_
Puerto Rico knowledge_corridor-25340
San Juan
Markeroog Master Plan The combines the cleaning and ecological

restoration of the IJmeer and Markermeer
West8 25 km² with residential development.
EO Wijers Competition Point The plan creates space for 80.000 new
dwellings in the North Wing in new living
Competition winner environments; open water, wetlands and http://www.west8.nl/projects/
2006 land reclamation in the cultural landscapes. urban_design/markeroog/
IJssel meer
Europe NORTH, Alissa. Operative
Netherlands Green and Blue Landscapes: Building Communities
IJ-meer-Markermeer Through Public Space
Legacy masterplan Master Plan Those strategies are to create a diversity of

framework neighborhoods which draw together all social
KCAP architects 1,7 km² groups, cultures and various employment
opportunities in one complex but integrated
London Legacy Point quarter of the city; to use the Olympic
Development inheritance as catalyst for regeneration;
Corporation to maximise transport connections of the
former Olympic site with its established
http://www.kcap.eu/en/projects/v/
Built 2007-2010 Olympic Park and neighborhoods; to activate public realm legacy_masterplan_framework/
Lower Lea Valley and waterways by maximising the unique details
qualities and opportunities provided by the
Europe Green and Blue Lea Valley’s riverine landscape and parklands;
UK and to promote adaptability and longevity as
London long-term perspective for the development
of the site.
First Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Creative Gateway Master Plan With respect for the partly unused built
environment, significant road and rail
KCAP architects 5,4 km² infrastructure, large open spaces and the
topography of the site.
The People’s Government Point
of Luohu District, The plan defines, based on detailed
Shenzhen renew of warehouse typological studies, zones of different
Urban Planning, Land and and storage facilities scale and transformation potential. In a
Resources Commission of separate study, new programmes have
Shenzhen Municipality Green, Blue and Grey been defined, that are based on the
http://www.kcap.eu/en/projects/v/
2011 already established fine grain of economic creative_gateway/details
networks but bring them to a higher level
Asia of profile and economic importance. https://www.youtube.com/
China watch?v=vYkMjYtsJ54
Shenzhen
Keqiao water city Master Plan The area, which is currently occupied by
2010 redundant textile industry and residences,
0,45 km² will be redeveloped for residential use
KCAP architects with community functions and sport and
Point commercial facilities in a landscaped setting
Gemdale Corporation, of waterlands, parks and gardens.
Shanghai renew of warehouse
and storage facilities The masterplan introduces a landscape
Winner competition framework formed by different conditions
2010 ongoing Green and Blue found on the site such as the two lakes with
http://84.38.224.208/en/project/
their waterfronts, the canal and road system, keqiao-urban-ballet-shaoxing#
Asia the green spaces and the bridges.
China http://www.kcap.eu/en/projects/v/
Keqiao keqiao_urban_ballet/details
Puerto Madero Master Plan A road system adequate for all activities and
uses proposed.
Juan Manuel 1,7 km² Boulevards are connecting with the urban
Borthagaray, Carlos square.
Marre, Romulo Pereira, Point System of public green spaces that articulate
Antonio Eugenio Tufazo the local level with the Metro.
and Xaus renew of harbour Underground network with connections to
service network, opening roads and paving of
Ctiy of Argentina Green and Blue the road network.
GIACOMET, Luciana. Revitalização
Winner competition Portuária: Caso Puerto Madero.
1992 Built
http://www.puertomadero.com/
South America proyecto_por.php
Argentina
Buenos Aires
First Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Nanjing Master plan Master Plan The masterplan includes housing for
200,000 people, industrial developments and
Ckdesign 25 km² commercial areas, to be built on greenfields
and existing low-level industrial development.
City of Nanjing Point Conceptual designs for ten buildings bind
2010 plan the precinct together and reflect the local
New town and renewal mythology.
Asia of industrial areas
China These buildings are designed to LEED
Nanjing Green, Blue andGrey (Leadership in Energy and Environmental http://architectureau.com/
Pukou Design) principles, intended to encourage articles/nanjing-masterplan-by-ck-
adoption of sustainable green building designworks/#img=1
practices.
http://inhabitat.com/masterplan-
for-nanjing-china-could-be-largest-
green-development-in-the-world/
nanjing-masterplan-3/
Landscape nodes 2050 Infrastructure A16-Sandelingen

A16 Further study is done on case A16-
Sandelingen, where the a new layer is added
Okra to the existing landscape of greenhouses
Point and small-scale cultivation by adding a mix
De STAD of ‘slow food’, health, recreation and sports
Foundation Infrastructural Nodes Old river meanders are activated and provide
the earth for a literal high on the node in
2010 2011 Green and Grey the shape of a cone: a vertical production
landscape. The transition towards a http://www.okra.nl/project.
food&health node landscape can be achieved php?project_id=589797&img=1480
Europe by concrete business cases, local initiatives
Netherlands and the development of a robust landscape
Drechtcities frame; all of which are related to the node.
A16
Green and vibrant Infrastructure The proposal provides an overall view on

landscape city quality of public realm in the city centre for
the next decades, and focusses on creating
Okra a green and vibrant landscape city, providing
Grid spaces that create a ‘shared space 2.0’.
Competition
2010
Green
http://www.okra.nl/project.
php?project_id=84068&pr_
Europe pa=189&img=1646
Switzeland
Basel
First Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Riverdike Rotterdam Infrastructure Spatially the river dike can be

De Urbanisten strengthened as a green continuous
recreational structure. Since it is over
‘dikering 14’ Input for dimensioned on so many places this can
IABR Rotterdam 2012 Spine be done by redesigning the profile in a
and the national Delta more approachable and friendly manner
Programme Research and design and by strategically placing trees. When http://www.urbanisten.nl/
2011/ 2012 on dike reinforcement extra height is needed this can be done wp/?portfolio=riverdike-part-2
measurements by placing a continuous bike path as much
Europe as possible on top of the dike. This further
Netherlands Green and Blue diversifies the dike profile into a structure
Rotterdam that allows interesting different views for
bikes, pedestrians and cars to both the
river and the city.
Parco dora Torino Patch What the planners had to integrate is the
historic heritage, the industry, and the
Latz + Partner 0,37 km² integration of the river. Both stand for
the city of Turin, and the park reflects this
2011 Point identity.
Former cisterns, cooling ponds etc. are
Europe Park part of a water cycle supplying various
Italy trick fountains, but also take care of the
Turin Green and Blue city’s high water protection. Another
peculiarity is the steel bridge, crossing
nearly the whole park and creating http://architecture.mapolismagazin.
connections to the surrounding residential com/latz-partner-parco-dora-turin-
quarters. Discovering the post-industrial italy
free areas from a new perspective, from
above, is an ingenious invention made by
21st century landscape architecture.
River Volme Infrastructure Urban and riverside planning with the goal
Restoration to increase the overall attractiveness of
0,012 km² the city of Hagen.
Atelier Dreiseitl
Point In the entrance hall of the new city hall
City of Hagen building a colourful water and light band
2003/ 2006 Riverside Park drainage symbolizes the intimate connection
Built measure between the city and the river. The glass
sculpture adds light to the entrance and
Green and Blue water flows down the irregularly shaped http://www.dreiseitl.com/index.
urope surface. The movement of the water, the php?id=80&lang=en
Germany sound and the refraction of the light create
Hagen a holistic artistic statement.
First Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Urban wilderrness in Infrastructure Renewal of street scape, transforming

Bonheiden residual areas in space for green structures
Derman Verbakel Point
Competition Streetscape
winner 2005
Completed 2009 Green
Europe http://www.deve-arc.com/
Belgium bonheiden.html
Bonheiden
Kontich passagstad Infrastructure Renewal of street scape, transforming

residual areas in space for green structures
Derman Verbakel Grid
City of Kontich Streetscape

Shortlisted in Invited
Competition Green
2010
Europe http://www.deve-arc.com/kontich.
Belgium html
Kontich
Groene Loper A2 Infrastructure The design envisions a stacked two layer

tunnel into which the A2 highway disappears.
West 8 Grid On top of the tunnels is a meandering green
recreational ribbon (“Groene Loper”), which
Competition winner Streetscape runs from the north to the south of the city,
2009 with 2.000 linden trees that connect the
Green and Grey city with its natural surroundings. It offers a
Europe wonderful opportunity to revitalize the now
Netherlands fragmented Country Estate zone, a number
Maastricht of individual country estates of significant http://www.west8.nl/projects/
ecological and recreational value. infrastructure/groene_loper_a2_
maastricht/
Green Core Infrastructure The ambition for Croydon is to turn the city
Croydon district into London´s ´third city´, besides
Spine Westminster and the City of London. The
Okra assignment for Wellesley Road – Park Lane is
Streetscape to reshape the monstrous main road, splitting
2009-ongoing the centre in two, into a lively and liveable
Strategy for 2031 Green centre.
Europe
UK http://www.okra.nl/project.
London php?project_id=767925
First Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
Boston central artery Infrastructure Completed in 2001, the Corridor Plan

corridor provided design guidelines for three
major new public spaces, described
Perkins+will Spine how those spaces would be framed by
Built 2001 new structures, created imperatives for
mobility connections to the water and generated
North America early concepts for realizing the greatest
USA Green and Grey benefit in and for the surrounding districts.
Boston
http://perkinswill.com/work/central-
artery-corridor-master-plan.html
The Dommel gardens Patch The Van Abbe Museum in the city of
Eindhoven is located in the valley of the
H+N+S Point river Dommel. The Dommel functions as
an ecological corridor through the city.
built Park Given the presence of the museum,
1999-2002 the city hall and the court house on the
Green and Blue same site, the cultural significance of this
Europe location had to be considered.
Netherlands http://www.hnsland.nl/i
Eindhoven
Mapocho Infrastructure Green corridor connect several parks

riverfront cycle path through the riverfront. The cycle path and
42 km pedestrian friendly brings a landscape
Government of connective corridor to the city.
Santiago Line
Built 1986 The project intend to bring a diverse public
mobility space to unite different social strata. Also
South America the greener riverfront brings more air
Chile Green, Blue and Grey quality to the rigion
Santiago
http://www.mapocho42k.cl/
propuesta
Leeway dam Patch The natural dynamics of the system will

influence the vegetal development. The
H+N+S rear side of the dam will gradually change
point into a shallow wetland environment,
Projectbureau IJburg as little by little clay and peat will be
Wetland deposited here.
2000-2004 Wind and wave protection, and the
Green and Blue availability of nutrients will make the space
behind the dam valuable as a rest- and
Europe fouraging area for aquatic birds, and as a
Netherlands wetland zone rich in natural processes.
Amsterdam
php?option=com_content&view=art
icle&id=129:leeway-dam&catid=30:
projects&Itemid=63&lang=en-GB#
First Selection
Designer ment
Client Size
JTC Clean Tech Park Patch Building clusters are organized to have
an urban front on one side, and a forest
Atelier Dreiseitl 0,5 km² front on the other. Existing eco-habitats,
including grassland, woodlands and peats,
Jurong Town Council Point are retained as much as possible. Existing
Built wildlife species were documented and
2013 Park a natural wildlife corridor connecting the
site to the larger surrounding environment
Asia Green and Blue is enhanced through additional planting
Singapore that provides food and habitat for them. http://www.dreiseitl.com/index.
The natural topography is retained and php?id=91&lang=en
natural water elements are implemented
to support the existing hydrological flow
of the site.
Sloterdijk PARK-Station Patch Beside the transformation of the station,

the design foresees new urban facilities
Barcode Architects 0,04 km² and a human scale network of different
size public spaces that change the
Ministry of Point condition of todays’ monotonous office
Infrastructure and neighborhood into a new attractive and
Mobility/ Atelier station lively city destination.
Making Projects
Green and Grey
Concept Design http://www.dreiseitl.com/index.
2012-ongoing php?id=91&lang=en
Europe
Netherlands
Amsterdam
Green Health City Master Plan [...]Five island districts bring

together world-class medical facilities,
Peter Ruge Architekten 28 km² employ new strategies for green energy
production and rethink transportation
China Power line networking to achieve a sustainable urban
International New prototype. Pathways toward a sustainable
Energy H riverside future are forged through strong ties to
2012/ 2013 local identity and respect for history.
preliminary design Green and Blue Sustainable urban design that
prioritizes natural land use and planning
Asia strategies minimises energy consumption http://www.archdaily.com/383586/
China and reduces building footprints. 70% green-health-city-proposal-peter-
Hainan renewable energy production facilitated ruge-architekten/
through the use of wind turbines, bio
Riverside gas, photovoltaic cells, hydraulic systems
and smart grid energy saving devices
for the storing and distribution of power,
will service this 100% Co2 neutral
2. ANALYSIS OF DESIGN PRACTICES
2.1 METHODS
METHODS
METHODS OF ANALYSIS
The method of analysis, from the exemplary selected, is to extract concepts from the strategies
in the fields of planning, technology and environment design. Recurring terms in the description of the
exemplary designs selected represent concepts used in these designs.
For analysing these set of projects, it was necessary to add some indicators about the city
where it is located. Depending on the context, the projects have opportunities and challenges, the way
the examples respond to that in their strategies are the keys of their effectiveness, which is our goal
in this work.
Therefore, in order to have a more complete analysis of the context of the designs, there were
included indicators selected inside five realms: social context, economic context, political context,
geographical context and infrastructure development stage.
25 CONTEXT
ANALYSIS
PROJECTS
social context
HDI
population
literacy
unemployment
infant mortality
economic context
GDP PPP
industrial production growth rate
gross national saving
political context
urban planning regime
participatory governance tools and instruments
geographical context
natural hazards
extreme climate
terrain
infrastructure development stage
support/ regulation
improved drinking water
improved sanitation facility
waste collection and disposal
waterways and its use
Concepts from the strategies in the fields of planning are described by ‘Social, Economic
and Political contexts’; and from technology and environmental design by ‘Infrastructure Development
Stage and Geography’.
The focus for this work, though, is the Geographical context.
social context
HDI
population
literacy
unemployment
infant mortality
planning economic context
GDP PPP
industrial production growth rate
gross national saving
political context
urban planning regime
participatory governance tools and instruments
geographical context
natural hazards
extreme climate
terrain
infrastructure development stage
support/ regulation
technology improved drinking water

improved drainage
improved sanitation facility
waste collection and disposal
waterways and its use
2. ANALYSIS OF DESIGN PRACTICES
2.2 ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS OF DESIGN PRACTICES
POPULATION (MI)
INDICATORS FOR THE CONTEXT ANALYSIS
81
35
1) Social context
23
17
11
10
HDI: “Population”, “Literacy (%) age 15 and over can read and write”, “Unemployment (%)
6
5
youth ages 15-24”, “Infant mortality rate: deaths/1,000 live births”
POPULATION (MI)
POPULATION (MI)
INFANT MORTALITY RATE: DEATHS/1,000 LIVE BIRTHS
81
19.21
14.79
81
35
23
17
11
10
6
6
5
35
6.17
4.78
4.71
23
4.43
17
3.66
3.46
3.36
4.1
11
2.53
10
2.6
6
6
5
source: The World Bank, 2013.

19.21

UNEMPLOYMENT (%), YOUTH AGES 15 -24 11,7
14.79
55.3
19.21
POPULATION (MI)
14.79
6.17
4.78
4.71
4.43
3.66
3.46
3.36
4.1
2.53
23.7
2.6
6.17
17.7
17.3
4.78
4.71
15.4
4.43
14.3
14.2
3.66
3.46
3.36
4.1
2.53
81
2.6
9.5
8.1
6.7
35
23
17
11
10
6
6
5

55.3
source: UNESCO Institute for estatistics, 2012.

55.3
LITERACY (%)
100
23.7

99
99
17.799
99
99
99
17.399
97.3
15.4
14.3
14.2
95.9
95.1
90.4 19.21
23.7
9.5
8.1
6.7
17.7
17.3
15.4
14.3
14.2
14.79
9.5
8.1
6.7
6.17
4.78
4.71
4.43
3.66
3.46
3.36
4.1
2.53
2.6
LITERACY (%)
100
source: UNESCO Institute for estatistics

L I T E R A and
C Y CIA
( % ) The World Factbook, 2003 - 2012.
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
97.3
95.9
100
95.1
99
99
99
99
99
99
99

97.3
95.9
55.3
95.1
90.4
90.4
23.7
17.7
17.3
15.4
14.3
14.2
9.5
8.1
6.7
source: The World Bank, 2011.
LITERACY (%)
100
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
97.3
95.9
95.1
GROSS NATIONAL SAVING (% OF GDP)
50
44.6
Methods
context analysis
26.2
25.8
24.7
24.4
24.1
21.5
17.9
14.8
13.5
12.2
2) Economic context
“GDP - per capita (PPP)”, “Industrial production growth rate (%)”, “Gross national saving (%
OF GDP)”
GDP - PER CAPITA (PPP)
62,400
52,800
43,300
43,100
43,000
40,900
39,500
37,800
35,900
23,600
12,100
9,800
source: The World Bank, 2013
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (%)

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION GROWTH RATE (%)
7.6
7.6
3.2
2.5
3.2
33
1.7
2.5
1.4
1.1
1.7
1.4
1.1
11
-0.3
-1-1
-0.3
-3.5
-4.2
-3.5
-4.2
source: CIA The World Factbook, 2013.

5050
44.6
44.6
26.2
25.8
24.7
24.4
24.1
26.2
25.8
21.5
24.7
24.4
24.1
21.5
17.9
14.8
17.9
13.5
12.2
14.8
13.5
12.2
source: The World Bank, 2013

62,400

62,400
52,800
52,800
43,300
43,100
43,000
40,900
43,300
43,100
43,000
39,500
37,800
40,900
39,500
35,900
37,800
35,900
23,600
23,600
12,100
12,100
9,800
9,800
Methods
context analysis
3) Geographical context
Natural Hazards (ice floes in the surrounding waters, flooding), extreme climate (quantity of
water and difference of temperature variation), terrain (flat and lowland, steep mountains, Hills).
GEOGRAPHY Natural Hazards climate terrain
Australia "cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires generally arid to semiarid; temperate mostly low plateau with
volcanism: volcanic activity on Heard and McDonald Islands" in south and east; tropical in north deserts; fertile plain in
southeast
Brazil recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost mostly tropical, but temperate in mostly flat to rolling
in south south lowlands in north; some
plains, hills, mountains,
and narrow coastal belt
Canada "continuous permafrost in north is a serious obstacle to devel- varies from temperate in south to mostly plains with moun-
opment; cyclonic storms form east of the Rocky Mountains, a subarctic and arctic in north tains in west and lowlands
result of the mixing of air masses from the Arctic, Pacific, and in southeast
North American interior, and produce most of the country's
rain and snow east of the mountains
volcanism: the vast majority of volcanoes in Western Canada's
Coast Mountains remain dormant"
China "frequent typhoons (about five per year along southern and extremely diverse; tropical in south to mostly mountains, high
eastern coasts); damaging floods; tsunamis; earthquakes; subarctic in north’ plateaus, deserts in west;
droughts; land subsidence plains, deltas, and hills
volcanism: China contains some historically active volcanoes in east
including Changbaishan (also known as Baitoushan, Baegdu,
or P'aektu-san), Hainan Dao, and Kunlun although most have
been relatively inactive in recent centuries"
Denmark flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of temperate; humid and overcast; mild, low and flat to gently roll-
Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that windy winters and cool summers ing plains
are protected from the sea by a system of dikes
Finland flooding and storm cold temperate; potentially subarctic mostly low, flat to rolling
but comparatively mild because of plains interspersed with
moderating influence of the North lakes and low hills
Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more
than 60,000 lakes
Germany flooding temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, lowlands in north, uplands
wet winters and summers; occa- in center, Bavarian Alps
sional warm mountain (foehn) wind in south
Greece "severe earthquakes temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, mostly mountains with
volcanism: Santorini (elev. 367 m) has been deemed a Decade dry summers ranges extending into the
Volcano by the International Association of Volcanology and sea as peninsulas or chains
Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its of islands
explosive history and close proximity to human popula-
tions; although there have been very few eruptions in recent
centuries, Methana and Nisyros in the Aegean are classified as
historically active"
Netherlands flooding temperate; marine; cool summers mostly coastal lowland and
and mild winters reclaimed land (polders);
some hills in southeast
Singapore Tsunamis; volcanos, flooding; earthquake from nearest plate tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two lowland; gently undulating
boundary, the Sunda Megathrust distinct monsoon seasons - North- central plateau contains
eastern monsoon (December to water catchment area and
March) and Southwestern monsoon nature preserve
(June to September); inter-monsoon -
frequent afternoon and early evening
thunderstorms
Sweden "ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of temperate in south with cold, cloudy mostly flat or gently rolling
Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic winters and cool, partly cloudy sum- lowlands; mountains in
" mers; subarctic in north west
USA "tsunamis; volcanoes; earthquake activity around Pacific Basin; mostly temperate, but tropical in vast central plain, moun-
hurricanes along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts; torna- Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, tains in west, hills and low
does in the Midwest and Southeast; mud slides in California; semiarid in the great plains west of mountains in east; rugged
forest fires in the west; flooding; permafrost in northern the Mississippi River, and arid in the mountains and broad river
Alaska, a major impediment to development Great Basin of the southwest; low valleys in Alaska; rugged,
volcanism. winter temperatures in the northwest volcanic topography in
are ameliorated occasionally in Janu- Hawaii
ary and February by warm chinook
winds from the eastern slopes of the
Rocky Mountains
Source: CIA The World Factbook, 2013; Earth observatory of singapore.
Methods
context analysis
4) Political context
“Political Regime”, Level of Participatory Governance
Country Government type
Australia federal parliamentary democracy and a Commonwealth realm
Brazil federal republic
Canada a parliamentary democracy, a federation, and a constitutional monarchy
China communist state
Denmark constitutional monarchy
Finland republic
Germany federal republic
Greece parliamentary republic
Netherlands constitutional monarchy
Singapore parliamentary republic
Sweden constitutional monarchy
USA constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition
5) Infrastructure development stage

The Infrastructure Development Stage is an index created to measure in which stage in the
“road of development towards the water sensitive city” is the location in study. The Monash University
developed the scale <http://www.waterforliveability.org.au/?page_id=1709>.
For measuring the development stage of the infrastructure, the indicators chosen for the
support and regulation of city were the “Improved Drinking Water Source [%]”, “Improved Sewer/
Drainage Facility Access [%]”, “Waste collection” and “Waste disposal methods” and finally the “Use
of waterways”, “Waterways [km]” Waterways per land area (calculated by author),
IMPROVED SEWER FACILITY ACCESS [%]

99.8
98.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.2
81.3
65.3
source: Progress on Drinking-Water and sanitation - UNICEF, 2014.

150.13
41,009
IMPROVED DRINKING WATER SOURCE [%]

23.66
20.91
6,237
2,052
99.8
99.8
0.0599.8
98.6
11.46
100
4.56100
100
100
100
100
0.00100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.2
9.28
5.87
4.17
0.26
0.06
0
97.5
81.3
65.3
91.9
source: Progress on Drinking-Water and sanitation - UNICEF, 2014.

110,000
150.13
50,000
41,009
Methods
context analysis
“Waste collection” and “Waste disposal methods”
WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
WASTE DISPOSAL METHODS
100
90
80
70
60
50
40 Landfills (%) Compost (%) Recycled (%) WTE (%) Other (%)
30
20
source:
10 IBGE, 2010; OECD, 2008; China Statistical Yearbook 2010, 2009; Eurostat, 2011
0
WASTE COLLECTION RATE(%)

Landfills (%) Compost (%) Recycled (%) WTE (%) Other (%)
99.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
83
71.4
WASTE COLLECTION RATE(%)

99.9
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99
83
71.4
source: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007; UNSD, 2009; China Statistical Yearbook 2010, 2009
“Use of waterways”, “Waterways [km]”, Waterways per land area (created from the previous
data).
USE OF WATERWAYS
COUNTRY USE OF WATERWAYS
Australia mainly used for recreation on Murray and Murray-Darling river systems (2011)
Brazil most in areas remote from industry and population (2012)
Canada Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of 3,058 km, shared with United
States (2011)
China navigable waterways (2011)
Denmark no information
Finland includes Saimaa Canal system of 3,577 km; southern part leased from Russia; water transport is used
frequently in the summer and is widely replaced with sledges on the ice in winter; there are 187,888 lakes in
Finland that cover 31,500 km; Finand also maintains 8,200 km of coastal fairways (2013)
Germany Rhine River carries most goods; Main-Danube Canal links North Sea and Black Sea (2012)
Greece the 6 km long Corinth Canal crosses the Isthmus of Corinth; it shortens a sea voyage by 325 km (2012)
99.8
99.8
99.8
98.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Netherlands navigable for ships of 50 tons (2012)
99.2
97.5
81.3
Singapore no information
65.3
Sweden no information
91.9
USA 19,312 km used for commerce; Saint Lawrence Seaway of 3,769 km, including the Saint Lawrence River of
3,058 km, is shared with Canada (2012)
WATERWAYS [km] *
110,000
150.13
50,000
41,009
99.8
98.6
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
99.2
81.3
23.66
8,000
7,467
20.91
6,237
2,052
2,000
65.3
11.46
636
400
9.28
5.87
4.56
4.17
0.26
0.06
0.05
0.00
6
source: The World Fact Book CIA, 2010 - 2013
WATERWAYS PER LAND AREA [m/km²] *

150.13
41,009
23.66
20.91
6,237
2,052
11.46
9.28
5.87
4.56
4.17
0.26
0.06
0.05
0.00
0
source: autor
* excluded coastal navegation
3. GREEN BLUE SPATIAL STRATEGIES
3.1 METHODS OF ORGANIZATION
METHODS
LISTING
Taxonomy: extraction of spatial strategies from the layer water to site and context analysis
dimension metric layer object

energy production and saving
metabolism food production
waste management
planning
management programming
communication
acoustic comfort
pollution
site analysis
flood hazard and
drought spatial
water sanitation strategies
transportation context analysis
supply
technology performance buildings integration to urban systems
surface public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsurface archaeology
healthiness
biodiversity
biodiversity
ecological design
ecosystem services
beauty
convenience
environmental culture/ identity
design livability
crime safety
heritage
leisure
exercise
human health
adaptive design
flexibility
contingency
Table ‘Green and Blue Strategies: organization process of spatial strategies extracted from <water>
GREEN
layer on BLUE SPATIAL STRATEGIES
the <technology> dimension:LIST
spatial strategy urban patterns
dimension density: where is it more

metric object synergy design management examples open space type street type convenient? grain
technology
performance
flood hazard
and drough
prevention
1. buffering • public space 1.1 floodable 1.1.1 implement playing field, low medium high cell | designed
rainwater • adaptive design squares, plazas, separated stormwater outdoor theaters,
in adapted • sanitation parks, sport systems square, plaza, parks,
open (multi- • flexibility facilities and playground, green
functionality) outdoor theater
cell
Watersquare Benthemplein, on page .
20
1.2 bioswales 1.2.1 buffering geenway, playing field, primary distributor, low medium high canal | constructed nature
systems are designed square, plaza, green, district distributor, local
to be dry 85% of the courtyard, parking lot, distributor, access road
year to prevent muddy parks
situations and to avoid
attracting mosquitoes
canal
.
Bioswales Ruwenbos District, on page

40
1.3 public spaces meadow, riverside district distributor, low medium high fragment | designed
in different parks, playground, local distributor,
heights to green access road
accommodate
changing water
levels at low tide
and high tide
fragment
HafenCity, on page 34
1.4 urban ponds square, plaza, green, low medium high cell | designed
courtyard, parks,
playground
cell
Potsdamer Platz, on page 24
2. riparian buffers • sanitation, 2.1 forebay: pool riverside low medium high fragment | constructed
biodiversity functioning as parks, green nature
• flexibility buffer close to
river settling out
heavier pollutants
fragment
Manassas, VA USA
108 Green Blue Infrastructures: Overview of Smart Spatial Strategies Worldwide | Timmeren, Kuzniecow Bacchin and Aires Green Blue Infrastructures: Overview of Smart Spatial Strategies Worldwide | Timmeren, Kuzniecow Bacchin and Aires
METHODS
DENSITIES
Density references: high, medium and low density in the municipalities of the case studies of
Sweden and The Netherlands
Sweden Netherlands
highest density 49,6 hab/ha 61,3 hab/ha

municipality Sundbyberg municipality The Hague
medium density 19,9 hab/ha 30,8 hab/ha

municipality Malmö municipality Nijmegen
low density 1,21 hab/ha 10,91 hab/ha

municipality Kiruna municipality Zwolle
lowest density 0,02 hab/ha 0,2 hab/ha

municipality Arjeplog municipality Schiermonnikoog
source: Statistiska centralbyran - Statistics Sweden; http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/ - Statistics Netherlands
3.2 LIST
GREEN BLUE SPATIAL STRATEGIES LIST
spatial strategy
dimension
metric object synergy design management examples
technology
performance
flood hazard
and drough
prevention
1. buffering • public space 1.1 floodable 1.1.1 implement

rainwater • adaptive design squares, plazas, separated stormwater
in adapted • sanitation parks, sport systems
open (multi- • flexibility facilities and
functionality) outdoor theater
Watersquare Benthemplein, on page

<?>
1.2 bioswales 1.2.1 buffering

systems are designed
to be dry 85% of the
year to prevent muddy
situations and to avoid
attracting mosquitoes

<?>
1.3 public spaces

in different
heights to
accommodate
changing water
levels at low tide
and high tide
HafenCity, on page <?>
1.4 urban ponds
Potsdamer Platz, on page <?>
2. riparian buffers • sanitation, 2.1 forebay: pool

biodiversity functioning as
• flexibility buffer close to
river settling out
heavier pollutants
Manassas, VA USA
urban patterns
density: where is it more

open space type street type convenient? grain
playing field, low medium high cell | designed

outdoor theaters,
square, plaza, parks,
playground, green
cell
geenway, playing field, primary distributor, canal | constructed nature

square, plaza, green, district distributor, local
courtyard, parking lot, distributor, access road
parks
canal
.
meadow, riverside district distributor, fragment | designed

parks, playground, local distributor,
green access road
fragment
square, plaza, green, cell | designed

courtyard, parks,
playground
cell
riverside fragment | constructed

parks, green nature
fragment
spatial strategy
dimension
2.2 drainage
gutters: re-direct
water from paved
surfaces to the
sediment basin
Bo01, on page <?>
2.3 canals
with land form
depressions
forming public
space
Copenhagen Strategy Flood Masterplan,

on page <?>
3. buffering • mobility 3.1 gutters over

rainwater in water infrastructure the streets
robust streets

<?>
3.2 curbside rain

garden
Portland, on page <?>
3.3 urban creek

on page <?>
3.4 retention
boulevard

on page <?>
urban patterns

playing field, square, canal | designed

plaza, green, parking
lot, parks
canal
.
water bodies, district distributor, local fragment | designed

meadow, parks distributor, access road
fragment
primary distributor, canal | designed

district distributor, local
distributor, access road
canal
.
district distributor, cell | constructed nature

local distributor,
access road,
cul-de-sac
cell
local distributor, canal | constructed nature

access road,
cul-de-sac
canal
.
district distributor, canal | designed

local distributor
canal
.
spatial strategy
dimension
4. buffering • building 4.1 green roofs

rainwater in the
building scale
Rotterdam Adaptation Strategy, on page

<?>
4.2 rooftop
gardens
Rotterdam Adaptation Strategy, on page

<?>
5. recharging the • subsurface 5.1 infiltration

groundwater and planters that
buffering water buffers rainwater
Zollhallen Platz, on page <?>
5.2 trenches
SuDS Wales
5.3 artificial and

natural ponds
EVA Lanxmeer Project Living Lab, on

page <?>
5.4 rain gardens
urban patterns

cell | designed
cell
cell | designed
cell
playing field, district distributor, cell | constructed nature

outdoor theaters, local distributor,
square, plaza, parks, access road,
playground, green, cul-de-sac
churchyard/ cemetery
cell
playing field, square, primary distributor, canal | constructed nature

plaza, green, district distributor, local
atrium, cul-de-sac
private garden,
communal garden,
allotments, parks
canal
.
square, plaza, green, fragment | constructed

parks nature
fragment
playing field, square, district distributor, cell | constructed nature

plaza, green, local distributor,
courtyard, parking lot, access road,
atrium, cul-de-sac
private garden,
communal garden,
allotments, parks
cell
spatial strategy
dimension
5.5 ditches
Bo01, on page <?>
5.6 porous paving

materials
image: Atelier Groenblauw
6. retention of • building 6.1 underground 6.1.1 communal

rainwater • public space cistern, tanks and storage system
• social pools to store
integration and water during
cohesion longer periods
action
7. managing the • programming 7.1 river bypass 7.1.1 regulation of the

flows: security water flow in the rivers
flood pathways to control floods and
drought
River Bypass, on page <?>
7.1.2 reducing
obstacles in the
floodplain conveyance
floodplain
7.2 berms made

of contaminated
soil are barriers
for flood
protection
River+City+Life, on page <?>
urban patterns

playing field, square, primary distributor, low medium high canal | constructed nature
plaza, green, district distributor, local
courtyard, parking distributor, access road
lot, private garden, cul-de-sac
communal garden,
allotments, parks
canal
.
playing field, square, district distributor, local low medium high cell | constructed nature
plaza, green, distributor, access road
courtyard, parking cul-de-sac
lot, private garden,
communal garden,
allotments, parks
cell
underground playing low medium high fragment | designed

field square, plaza,
green, courtyard,
parking lot, private
garden, communal
garden, allotments,
parks
fragment
water bodies low medium high canal | constructed nature
canal
.
water bodies low medium high canal | constructed nature
canal
.
playing field, primary distributor, low medium high fragment | constructed

outdoor theaters, district distributor nature
playground, green
fragment
spatial strategy
dimension
re-action
8. readiness in • mobility 8.1 emergency 8.1.1 universal

case of disaster infrastructure scape routes: accessibility in case of
• building balconies and floodings
• contingency walkways provide
• programming safe access and
• public spaces egress
Urban Flood Management Dordrecht, on

page <?>
• convenience 8.2 multiple

bridges to adapt
to tide variable
spaces
8.3 paths for

floodwater return
to the river

page <?>
.
8.4 cloudburst
boulevards, parks
and plazas

on page <?>
8.5 amphibious
house units

page <?>
8.6 concrete
frame buildings
allows structure
resistance against
water

page <?>
urban patterns

playing field, square, district distributor, local low medium high path | designed
plaza, green, parks distributor, access road
cul-de-sac
path
playing field, square, primary distributor, low path | design

plaza, green, district distributor, local medium
courtyard, communal distributor, access road high
garden, allotments, cul-de-sac
parks, water bodies low medium high
path
playing field, district distributor, local low medium high path | constructed nature
outdoor theaters, distributor, access road
square, plaza, parks, cul-de-sac
playground, green
path
playing field, district distributor, local low medium high fragment | designed
outdoor theaters, distributor,
playground, green
fragment
low medium high fragment | designed
fragment
low medium high designed
fragment
spatial strategy
dimension
8.7 residential
units start one
storey upper the
street level
8.8 underground
tunnel connecting
streets to the sea
in case of water
overflows

on page <?>
action
9. implement • public space 9.1 reedbeds 9.1.1 use of helophyte

water treatment • building purificate grey filers
processes for water
rainwater, grey
water and brown
water
EVA Lanxmeer Project Living Lab, on

page <?>
9.2 rainwater is
filtered through
a sand trap
(heavy metals)
and treated with
ultraviolet light
9.3 water factory

in the scale of a
building, purificate
brown water
Water Factory, on page <?>
supply
prevention
10. harvest • social 10.1 above 10.1.1 communal

rainwater for interaction and ground water harvesting system:
future use cohesion storage: cistern, collect water resource
• knowledge and tanks, pools, for future use
beliefs ponds, towers
• beauty

<?>
urban patterns

district distributor, low medium high fragment | designed

local distributor,
access road,
cul-de-sac
fragment
low medium high canal | designed
canal
.
square, plaza, green, low medium high fragment | constructed

courtyard, parking lot, nature
communal garden,
parks
fragment
square, plaza, green, low medium high cell | designed

courtyard, parking lot,
communal garden,
parks
cell

courtyard, parking lot,
communal garden,
parks
cell

courtyard, communal
garden, parks
cell
spatial strategy
dimension
action
11. transporting 11.1 open air canal 11.2 connection of

water supply the city reservoirs
allows transportation
of potable water from
further reservoirs
through an open canal
instead of closed pipe
Waterway Ring of São Paulo, on page

<?>
re-action
12. re-use treated • sanitation 12.1 complex 12.1.1 water treated

water connecting re-used on site: in
buildings, square agriculture fields,
with water community garden, for
features, canal, infiltrate and recharge
underground water bodies, for
cisterns. flushing toilet
Rainwater is
treated, stored
and re-used.
PPotsdamer Platz, on page <?>
transportation
action
13. appropriate • metabolism 13.1 navigable 13.1.1 replacement

the existing water • mobility canals of trucks by boats
infrastructure for infrastructure transporting for transportation of
transportation waste public cargos
Waterway Ring of São Paulo, on page

<?>
13.2 create sailing

route
River Bypass, on page <?>
technology | acoustic
performance comfort | heat
island effect |
pollution
14. water • public space 14.1 canals, 14.2 perennial open

slightly lowers • mobility reedbeds and water structures
the ambient infrastructure ponds
temperature in • water flooding
summer, binds and drougn
dust particles and
humidifies the air
Bishan Ang MO Kio Park, on page <?>
urban patterns

water bodies low medium high canal | designed
canal
.

courtyard, communal
garden, parks
cell
water bodies low medium high canal | designed
canal
.
water bodies canal | constructed nature
low medium high
canal
.
playing field, square, primary distributor, low medium high canal, fragment and cell |
plaza, green, district distributor, local constructed nature
atrium, cul-de-sac
private garden,
communal garden,
allotments, parks,
churchyard/ cemetery,
canal
water bodies .
fragment
spatial strategy
dimension
public space
15. bringing • biodiversity 15.1 water front 15.1.1 enhancement

people closer to • water flooding open spaces of water front through
water bodies and drough creation of new parks

on page <?>
energy
16. produce • water supply 16.1 aquifer in the 16.1.1 prodution of

renewable energy • subsurface summer stores energy on-site
energy capacity heat and in the
winter stores
cold; wells for
cold and warm
water runned by
electricity from
windmill
Bo01, on page <?>
environmental biodiversity
design |
ecological
design
17. combine water • water flooding 17.1 meadows, 17.1.1 implement

infrastructure and drough water front parks, system of green
with green rain gardens, spaces in urban areas
infrastructure ponds, reedbeds,
creating more planters,
natural habitat bioswales, river
bypass
Melbourne Docklands Park WSUD

Strategy, on page <?>
environmental social
design | interaction and
livability cohesion
18. increase • public spaces, 18.1 creation of

the number of water flooding open spaces with
public meeting and drough public access
spaces close to
green and blue
networks
The High Line, on page <?>
urban patterns

playing field, square, district distributor, local low medium high fragment | design
courtyard, parking lot, cul-de-sac
atrium,
private garden,
communal garden,
allotments, parks,
water bodies
fragment
undergroumd water low medium high cell | design

bodies
cell
playing field, square, district distributor, local low medium high cell and fragment |
plaza, green, distributor, access road constructed nature
courtyard, communal cul-de-sac
garden, allotments,
parks, water bodies
cell
fragment
playing field, square, district distributor, local low medium high fragment | design
garden, allotments,
parks, water bodies
fragment
spatial strategy
dimension
knoledge and
beliefs
19. revive the • water flooding 19.1 river front

presence of the and drough and open spaces
important rivers transportation
Waller Creek, on page <?>
20. visible water • water flooding 20.1 floodable 20.1.1 communicative

structures and drough, public spaces, and educative
transportation curbside rain structures
• beauty garden, open
gutters

<?>
21. improving • communication 21.1 transform

awareness about water supply
water supply facility in a park
CT Water Treatment Facility, on page <?>
beauty
22. play with • leisure 22.1 water is

water structure aerated and set
in motion near
public spaces
23. seasonal • beauty

design
CT Water Treatment Facility, on page <?>
24. introduction • beauty 24.1 artificial lake

of elements in • knowledge and in brownfields or
the landscape beliefs vacant spaces
• culture and
identity
Coal lake city | living city design

competition, on page <?>
urban patterns

playing field, square, district distributor, local low medium high fragment | constructed
plaza, green, distributor, access road nature
garden, allotments,
parks, water bodies
fragment
playing field, square, primary distributor, low medium high cell and fragment |
plaza, green, district distributor, local constructed nature
courtyard, communal distributor, access road
garden, allotments, cul-de-sac
parks, water bodies
cell
fragment
square, plaza, green, district distributor, local low medium high fragment | designed
courtyard, communal distributor, access road
garden, parks cul-de-sac
fragment
playing field, square, district distributor, local low cell | design

plaza, green, distributor, access road medium
courtyard, communal cul-de-sac high
garden, allotments,
cell
playing field, square, low fragment | constructed

plaza, green, medium nature
courtyard, communal high
garden, allotments,
fragment

courtyard, communal
garden, allotments, low medium high
parks, water bodies
fragment
spatial strategy
dimension
24.2 variety of
landscapes in
different districts
Athens City Centre, on page <?>
urban patterns


courtyard, communal high
garden, allotments,
fragment
3.3 METHODS OF ANALYSIS
METHODS
ANALYSING: GENERATIVE MATRIX
From the innovation and multiple benefits exemplary designs winnowed at the second process
of selection, spatial strategies were extracted throughout questions from the taxonomy.
The taxonomy represents strategies in the dimensions planning, technology and environmental
design. From this list of strategies in the three dimensions, the ‘water’metric on the technology
dimension was taken apart for a procedure of analysis of site and context. A generative matrix is the
framework for the analysis.
The surface, subsurface and form index define the site which is, for now, an isolated point.
The analysis consider for surface, the land use surface type LUST, for subsurface pedology, geology
and groundwater level; at last, the form index represents the area, the relation of spatial boundaries
and its form complexity.
The ecological and social elements define the context which represents the network of the
site. The green corridors and hydrological system characterize the ecological context. Programme,
spatial configuration and density, in turn, characterize the social context. Programme represents the
flexibility of the site (capacity to acquire different programmes), adaptability (how capable is the site to
adapt to a different programme). Spatial configuration represents the local or global integration in the
network and the spatial contiguity or convex space. Finally the density represents the Gross Space
Index GSI = footprint (m2) / area of aggregation (m2); Floor Space Index FSI = gross floor area / plan
area; spaciousness OSR = (1–GSI) / FSI; all the density parameters are related to a diameter of 500m
of urban fabric.
Generative Matrix: methods of site and context analysis for <water> layer on the dimension of
<technology>:
land use
surface
topography
pedology soil permeability
subsurface rock depth

geology
ground water level
site
area (a*b)
form index a/b relation
complexity
spatial strategy
hydrological system
ecological value
green corridor
gross space index

context density floor space index
spaciousness
flexibility
social value programme
adaptability
contiguity
spatial configuration
integration
ANALYSING: STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
The analysis of spatial strategies is divided into the performance objectves, the four domains
approach, figure below. This
Stormwater management performance objectives - the 4 domains approach (4DA)

rainfall event
drainage design exceedance extreme

everyday rainfall rainfall
rainfall rainfall
design approach and

increase in the impact/ consequence of the rainfall (e.g. £, health)
reason to manage
rainfall
4
emergency response and
spatial planning to minimise and
manage impacts
3 design for exceedance

emergency and spatial planning.
manage water in preferred
locations
2 conventional drainage (e.g.

sewers) and SuDS to limit
flooding
1 drainage/ maintenance to limit

pollution and blockages causing
flooding
increase in rainfall
Neither the size of the rainfall or the impact are completely fixed therefore are best represented by
domains. The domains represent the relationship between rainfall and impact on a typical catchment.
source: Managing urban flooding from heavy rainfall (encouraging the uptake of designing for exceedance). MWH,2014.
3.4 ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
SPATIAL STRATEGIES TO FOUR DOMAINS APPROACH
rainfall event
drainage design exceedance extreme

everyday rainfall rainfall
rainfall rainfall
design approach and reason to manage rainfall
1. drainage/ maintenance to limit pollution 2. conventional drainage (e.g. sewers) and 3. design for exceedance emergency and 4. emergency response and spatial planning
and blockages causing flooding SuDS to limit flooding spatial planning. manage water in preferred to minimise and manage impacts
locations
• separated stormwater drainage -delay drainage - infiltration conveyance and storage of exceedance -diversion structures
system • raingarden flows • paths for flood return to river
• regulation of water flow of rivers • infiltration planters • cloudburst boulevards
• reduce obstacles in the floodplain • curbside raingarden -diversion structures • underground diversion tunnel
conveyance • green roofs • river bypass
• swales • berms
• infiltration trench -emengency measures
• pervious pavement -conveyance structures: • connection with multiple bridges
• infiltration basin • swales • amphibious houses
• ditches • houses starting one storey upper the
-delay drainage - buffer/ storage • street gutters street level
• detention basin • urban creek • concrete frame buildings for
• retention pond structure resistance against water
• wetland -multipurpose spaces • scape routes
• green areas
-water quality • flodable public spaces
• water factory • sport courts
• sand trap filter • playgrounds
• parking spots
• traffic islands
• small streets
-green reservoirs
• reedbeds
• forebay
-underground structures
• underground tanks, cisterns and
pools
-attenuing flow peaks

• land form depressions in the canal
forming public spaces
improve awareness- all domains
• combine green with blue • propose seasonal design • introduce variety of landscapes in • implement more water binds dust
infrastructures • change public spaces into floodable different districts particles
• implement public meeting spaces spaces • transform urban spaces into a more • implement more water humidifies
close to green blue infrastructures • implement open gutters, canals, natural habitat the air
• implement perenial open water creeks • generate system of green blue • implement riverfront parks revive the
structures • introduce green blue elements into spaces in urban areas presence of the rivers
• change water into a playful the landscape • bring people closer to water bodies • transform green roofs into rooftop
structure • bring water bodies closer to people gardens
• transform water facilities into parks • implement more water lowers the
ambient temperature in summer
Other measures
• reuse the water harvested in the

system
ANALYSIS
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES VERSUS SITE ANALYSIS TO FOUR DOMAINS APPROACH
The taxonomy brings the site analysis, location, form relation, size, landuse type and form
complexity - divided in performance objectives.
The performance objectives are related to the layers three and four of the graph: “design for
exceedance emergency and spatial planning. manage water in preferred locations” and “emergency
response and spatial planning to minimise and manage impacts”.
Therefore, first of all, the “managing the flows with security flood pathways” and “delay
rainwater runoff” correspond to number three, “design for exceedance emergency and spatial
planning. manage water in preferred locations”:
Stormwater management performance objectives - 1st domain
everyday rainfall
design approach and

reason to manage
rainfall
1 drainage/ maintenance to limit

pollution and blockages causing
flooding
source: Managing urban flooding from heavy rainfall (encouraging the uptake of designing for exceedance). MWH, 2014.
MANAGING THE FLOWS WITH SECURITY FLOOD PATHWAYS
location form relation size land use form complexity spatial strategy
rural areas lesser

>500ha major park river bypass
or greater
major green
regulation of the
water flow in the riparian
area
rivers to control open spaces
floods and drought berms made of
riverfront park lesser contaminated
>50ha
riverfront green soil are barriers
managing for flood protection
the flows:
security reduce obstacles
flood in the floodplain river major rivers
pathways conveyance
local distributor
<1m access road
separated cul-de-sac lesser pipes
stormwater streets diameter
primary distributor
drainage system >1m
district distributor
local distributor paths for floodwater

<1m access road return to the river
cul-de-sac
cloudburst boulevards
streets width lesser
connection with
multiple bridges
primary distributor to adapt to tide
>1m
district distributor variable spaces
<2m connection with

connecting lesser
width multiple bridges
open spaces or greater to adapt to tide
Green Blue Infrastructures: Overview of Smart Spatial Strategies Worldwide | >2m
Timmeren, Kuzniecow Bacchin and Aires variable spaces 135
open spaces
<1ha minor open
spaces
lesser cloudburst
area
or greater parks and plazas
major open
>1ha
ANALYSIS
Stormwater management performance objectives - 2nd and 3rd domains
drainage design exceedance

rainfall rainfall
increase in the impact/ consequence of the rainfall (e.g. £, health) design approach and
reason to manage
rainfall
3 design for exceedance

emergency and spatial planning.
manage water in preferred
locations
2 conventional drainage (e.g.

sewers) and SuDS to limit
flooding
DELAY RAINWATER RUNOFF
is infiltration easy?
permeable soil
deep groundwater table
deep rocks
no
is the location form relation size land use form complexity spatial strategy
structure
visible?
squares rain gardens

DELAY <15m2 lesser infiltratition
play ground
RAINWATER planters
RUNOFF
area rain gardens
lesser artificial and
parks natural ponds
>15m2
green rain gardens
greater
artificial and
open natural ponds
spaces
<200m squares
lesser trenches
play ground
length
parking lot
>200m parks lesser trenches
green
yes infiltrate
water
<5m2 local distributor lesser infiltratition

access road planters
area cul-de-sac
infiltratition
primary distributor planters
>5m2 lesser
porous paving
streets materials
ditches
<1m local distributor lesser
access road trenches
width cul-de-sac
ditches
primary distributor
>1m lesser
trenches
cistern
<1000m3 squares lesser
play ground
water tower
harvest yes above ground volume
rainwater water storage cistern
for future use parking lot
>1000m3 underneath arks lesser ponds
underneath reen
pools
cistern
<1000m3 underneath squares lesser tanks
underneath play ground
pools
retention no underground volume cistern
of rainwater underneath parking lot
>1000m3 underneath parks lesser tanks
underneath green pools
small public buildings rooftop gardens

<200m2 lesser
small private buildings green roofs
building area
large public buildings rooftop gardens
>200m2 greater
large private buildings green roofs
lesser floodable open spaces

<2ha small recreational
spaces greater urban ponds
area
public spaces in different
>2ha large riverfront parks greater heights to accomodate
tide variation
open spaces
<200m small open spaces lesser bioswales
legth
lesser
>200m large parks bioswales
greater
buffering yes lesser

rainwater land form depressions
small riverfront parks in the canal forming
greater public space
<2ha
lesser land form depressions
riverfront streets in the canal forming
area greater public space
lesser
>2ha large riverfront parks forebay
greater
adjacent
to rivers lesser
<200m small riverfront parks drainage gutters
greater
length
lesser
>200m large riverfront parks drainage gutters
greater
<5m2 local distributor lesser curbside rain garden

access road
area cul-de-sac
lesser
primary distributor curbside rain garden
>5m2
robust district distributor greater
streets
<1m local distributor lesser drainage gutters
access road
width cul-de-sac
retention boulevard
primary distributor
>1m lesser
urban creek
ANALYSIS
GENERATIVE MATRIX: PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES VERSUS SITE ANALYSIS
Secondly, the “readiness in case of disaster” correspond to number four in the performance
objectives , “emergency response and spatial planning to minimise and manage impacts”:
Stormwater management performance objectives - fourth damain
extreme
rainfall
design approach and

reason to manage
rainfall
4
emergency response and
spatial planning to minimise and
manage impacts
rural areas lesser

>500ha major park river bypass
or greater
major green
regulation of the
water flow in the riparian
area
rivers to control open spaces
floods and drought berms made of
READINESS IN CASE OF DISASTER >50ha riverfront park lesser contaminated
riverfront green soil are barriers
managing for flood protection
the flows:
security reduce obstacles
flood in the floodplain river major rivers
pathways conveyance
local distributor
<1m access road
separated cul-de-sac lesser pipes
stormwater streets diameter
primary distributor
drainage system >1m
local distributor paths for floodwater

<1m access road return to the river
cul-de-sac
cloudburst boulevards
streets width lesser
connection with
multiple bridges
primary distributor to adapt to tide
>1m
district distributor variable spaces
<2m connection with

connecting lesser
width multiple bridges
open spaces or greater to adapt to tide
>2m variable spaces
open spaces
<1ha minor open
spaces
lesser cloudburst
area
or greater parks and plazas
major open
>1ha
spaces
readiness in case
of disaster
underground tunnel
underground diameter primary distributor lesser connecting streets to
>3m
district distributor the sea in case of
water overflows
amphibious house
units
residential units start

one storey upper
the street level
emergency
buildings
scape routes:
buildings adjacent to
balconies and
water bodies
walkways provide
safe access
and egress
concrete frame
buildings allow
structure resistance
against water
or greater helophyte
>1ha major parks filter
open spaces sand trap re-use

<5m2 filter heavy water treated
minor parks
metals that on site:
implement water lesser later is in agriculture
area
treatment processes ANALYSIS or greater treated with community ga
for rainwater, grey >5m2 major parks ultraviolet light to infiltrate an
water and recharge wate
brown water bodies or to fl
<200m2 minor parks water factory toilet
lesser in the scale
buildings area
IMPROVING AWARENESS or greater of a building,
purificate brown
The awareness is important to the four>200m2
domains. major parks
watert: helophyte
filter
navigable canals transporting wast
appropriate the existing

water infrastructure water bodies open air canal create sailing route
for transportation
transporting water supply
generate system introduce

of green blue variety of landscapes
spaces in urban spaces in different districts
transform urban
spaces into a more
bring people closer
natural habitat
to water bodies
introduce
green blue
bring water closer elements in the make floodable public spaces,
to people landscape urban creeks, open gutters
lower the ambient
temperature in summer
bind dust
particles propose
seasonal design
humidify the air transform water

supply facility
revive the presence in a park
of the important rivers
play with water structure
improve awareness
about water infrastructures
implement
increase the number of public perennial open
meeting spaces close to water structures
green blue networks
combine water infrastructure

with green infrastructure implement visible
water infrastructures
OTHER BENEFITS: IMPLEMENT WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES AND APPROPRIATE EXISTING
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE FOR TRANSPORTATION
This objectives are not so intrinsically related to rainwater, even though ther are some relations,
but they can be part of the system.
location LUST spatial strategy
location LUST spatial strategy

<1ha reedbeds
minor parks
purificate
lesser grey water:
area
or greater helophyte
location form relation >1ha
size major parks
land use form complexity filter
spatial strategy
open spaces sand trap re-use

<5m2 filter heavy water treated
minor parks
<1ha reedbeds
metals that on site:
implement water minor parks lesser
area purificate
later is in agriculture fields,
treatment processes or lesser
greater grey water:
treated with community garden,
area
for rainwater, grey >5m2 major parks or greater helophyte
ultraviolet light to infiltrate and
water and >1ha major parks filter recharge water
brown water bodies or to flush
open spaces <200m2 minor parks water toilet
sandfactory
trap re-use
<5m2 lesser in the
filterscale
heavy water treated
buildings area minor parks
or greater of metals
a building,
that on site:
implement water lesser purificate
later is brown in agriculture fields,
area >200m2 major parks
treatment processes or greater watert:
treatedhelophyte
with community garden,
for rainwater, grey >5m2 major parks filter
ultraviolet light to infiltrate and
water and recharge water
brown water bodies or to flush
<200m2 minor parks water factory toilet
lesser in the scale
navigable canals transporting waste
buildings area
or greater of a building,
appropriate the existing purificate brown
water infrastructure water bodies >200m2 major
open air parks
canal create sailing route
watert: helophyte
for transportation filter
transporting water supply
navigable canals transporting waste
appropriate the existing

water infrastructure water bodies open air canal create sailing route
for transportation
generate system introduce transporting water supply
of green blue variety of landscapes
spaces in urban spaces in different districts
transform urban
spaces into a more
bring people closer
natural habitat
to water bodies
generate system introduce
introduce
of green blue variety
green of landscapes
blue
bringspaces
waterincloser
urban spaces inelements
different districts
in the make floodable public spaces,
to people landscape urban creeks, open gutters
lower the ambient
transform urban
spaces into a more
bring people closer
natural habitat
to water bodies
bind dust
introduce
propose
particles
greenseasonal
blue design
bring water closer elements in the make floodable public spaces,
humidify the air to people landscape urban creeks, open gutters
transform water
lower the ambient
supply facility
of the important rivers
bind dust
particles propose
improve awareness seasonal design
about water infrastructures
humidify the air implement
transform
perennial open water
increase the number of public
supply facility
water structures
meeting spaces close to
green blue networks
of the important
Green Blue Infrastructures: Overview of Smartrivers
Spatial Strategies Worldwide | Timmeren, Kuzniecow Bacchin and Aires 141
improve awareness combine water infrastructure

with green infrastructure
about water infrastructures implement visible
implement
water infrastructures
increase the number of public perennial open
meeting spaces close to water structures
ANALYSIS
GENERATIVE MATRIX: SPATIAL CONTIGUITY AND INTEGRATION ANALYSIS
Spatial contiguity and integration analysis relate the spatial strategies with the different types
of streets, which means the proximity and integration with the infrastructure system. The spatial
strategies closer to the street infrastructure are qualified as contiguos strategies. The hierarchy of
streets are directly proportional to the integration of the them. Thereforre, the spatial strategies that
are closer to more integrated streets are better integrated to the system.
CONTIGUITY AND INTEGRATION ANALYSIS
is the solution What is the

Which kind of Which Land Use Which solution contiguos to Which type of level of integration
space is it? is it? is suitable? streets? street? to the system?
floodable open space

inner block square urban ponds
inner block play ground bioswales no
metropolitan park tanks
metropolitan green pools
cistern
open spaces street integration
square rain gardens primary distributor high

play ground infiltratition planters
district park bioswales
district green urban ponds
land form depressions yes
adjacent to rivers riverfront park in the canal forming
public space
local distributor
delay underneath:
rainwater tanks
parking lot pools
runoff park cistern access road low
square
underground innerblock and
underneath: tanks
parking lot pools no
park cistern
square
buildings green roofs

rooftop of building rooftop gardens no
GENERATIVE MATRIX: CONTEXT ANALYSIS
When the analysis concerns the spatial strategies in the streets, the relation is even more
direct to the type of street.
ANALYSIS
GENERATIVE MATRIX: ADAPTABILITY RELATED TO URBAN DENSITY
The graph below relates the adaptability of the solutions to the range of density it is
contained. The densities are parameters taken from the two countries of the green blue infrastructures
project case-study cities: Sweden and The Netherlands, see page 104.
ADAPTABILITY RELATED TO URBAN DENSITY
HOW EASY IS TO ADAPT A PLACE TO THE SOLUTION? WHICH RANGE OF

DIFFICULT EASY DENSITY IT IS BETTER
SUITABLE
underground cistern, 60 hab/ha
tanks and pools
rooftop gardens
green roofs
curbside rain garden
retention boulevard
rain gardens
urban creek ditches
urban ponds porous paving materials
trenches drainage gutters
land form depressions

in the canal forming 40 hab/ha
public space
bioswales
cistern
water tower
forebay
10 hab/ha
FLEXIBILITY
HOW EASILY THE SOLUTION COHABIT WITH OTHER PROGRAMMES?
DIFFICULT VERY E
The solution contain only one The solution contain m
144 programme orBlue
Green function
Infrastructures: Overview of Smart Spatial Strategies Worldwide | Timmeren, Kuzniecow Bacchin and Aires programmes or functio
underground forebay retention green roofs trenches ditches

cistern,tanks boulevard planters spaces
underground cistern, 60 hab/ha
tanks and pools
rooftop gardens
green roofs
retention boulevard
rain gardens
urban creek ditches
urban ponds porous paving materials
trenches drainage gutters

GENERATIVE MATRIX: FLEXIBILITYland form depressions
in the canal forming 40 hab/ha
public space
The graph below concerns the flexibility of the solutions, it measures how easy the solution
bioswales are more flexible, therefore, is able to host
can cohabit with other programmes. Some solutions
multiple programmes.
cistern
water tower
forebay
10 hab/ha
FLEXIBILITY
HOW EASILY THE SOLUTION COHABIT WITH OTHER PROGRAMMES?
DIFFICULT VERY EASILY
The solution contain only one The solution contain multiple
programme or function programmes or functions
underground forebay retention green roofs trenches ditches

cistern,tanks boulevard planters spaces
and pools rain gardens rooftop gardens
water tower urban ponds urban creek bioswales drainage curbside rain land form
gutters garden depressions in the
canal forming
public space
WHY?
store water can store roofs buffer the streets the sidewalks and the inner block or
water, settle island or rainwater water or can open spaces can riparian spaces
debris and curbside to clean water, transport agregate the
improve buffer buffer water water buffer function depressions and
ecosystem rainwater and can in its existent multiple public
function planters or functions at the
as planters ardens same place
drainage gutters
retention boulevard
curbside rain garden ANALYSIS
trenches
urban creek GENERATIVE MATRIX: POSITION WITHIN THE HIDROLOGICAL SYSTEM

The hydrological system is here divided into three segments, the headwaters, the medium
course and the output, the spatial strategies are distributed along this three segments.
INTEGRATION
LOW Some spatial strategies, though, fits multiple segments, but it is not mencioned in the graph.
The ones placed at the headwaters, for instance, are the most wide ones and can fit at any part, even
though are quite important closer to the headwaters.
POSITION WITHIN HYDROLOGICAL SYSTEM
trenches
porous paving materials
HEADWATERS green roofs rain garden
drainage gutters
rooftop gardens
ditches
water tower
cistern urban creek
MEDIUM COURSE urban ponds bioswales
forebay
retention boulevard
land form depressions
in the canal forming
underground cistern, public space
tanks and pools
OUTPUT
SYNERGIES
Synergy between the objects
AIR
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GROUND WATER GROUND WATER
PROGRAMMING
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MANAGEM
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LIVABILITY
ENVIR
ONMENTAL DESIGN
4. KIRUNA GREEN BLUE GUIDE
4.1 METHODS
Kiruna 4-ever
context design info

continent Europe designer white architects
country Kiruna
city Sweden client Kiruna Kommun

climate condition dfc size 1098 km²
theme relocation of city morphology grid
relation
design/ city 100% medium
description
The first phase of the masterplan is a new civic square, which will be home to Kiruna’s historic
clock tower as well as a new travel centre (2018), facilitating connections between old and new, and a
new city hall, The Crystal, designed by Henning Larsen Architects (2016). Phase 1 will also comprise a
new library (2019) and swimming pool (2016) and by 2021 the Kiruna Church will be carefully demounted
and reconstructed on the new site.
Extending out from the central civic square and the central axis of Malmvägen, neighbourhoods
will form prongs or ‘urban fingers’ into the surrounding arctic landscape so that residents are never
more than three blocks away from nature.
http://www.white.se/en/
projekt/268
taxonomy
harnesses the enormous amounts of

waste heat generated by the mining
energy production activity
energy saving wind turbines

metabolism
food production
waste management re-use of materials from demolished

planning buildings
flexibility
management
Participation of the community. Informal
communication
and formal discussions with feedback of
the community.
acoustic comfort
pollution
water sanitation
transportation
supply
technology performance buildings integration to urban denser plan

systems
surface
public space
ground water
energy capacity
subsoil archeology
healthiness
biodiversity
‘urban fingers’ into the surrounding arctic
landscape so that residents are never
ecological design biodiversity more than three blocks away from nature.

beauty
convenience
liveability
culture and identity meeting places and cultural amenities
crime safety
heritage historic church relocated unaltered
leisure
exercise
human health
4. KIRUNA GREEN BLUE GUIDE
4.2 SPATIAL STRATEGIES
SPATIAL STRATEGIES FOR KIRUNA
CHOOSING SPATIAL STRATEGIES ACCORDING TO PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES
everyday rainfall drainage design exceedance extreme

rainfall rainfall rainfall
design approach and reason to manage rainfall
1. drainage/ maintenance to limit pollution 2. conventional drainage (e.g. sewers) and 3. design for exceedance emergency and 4. emergency response and spatial planning
and blockages causing flooding SuDS to limit flooding spatial planning. manage water in preferred to minimise and manage impacts
locations
• separated stormwater drainage -delay drainage - infiltration conveyance and storage of exceedance -diversion structures
system • raingarden flows • paths for flood return to river
• regulation of water flow of rivers • infiltration planters • cloudburst boulevards
• reduce obstacles in the floodplain • curbside raingarden -diversion structures • underground diversion tunnel
conveyance • green roofs • river bypass
• swales • berms
• infiltration trench -emengency measures
• pervious pavement -conveyance structures: • connection with multiple bridges
• infiltration basin • swales • amphibious houses
• ditches • houses starting one storey upper the
-delay drainage - buffer/ storage • street gutters street level
• detention basin • urban creek • concrete frame buildings for
• retention pond structure resistance against water
• wetland -multipurpose spaces • scape routes
• green areas
-water quality • flodable public spaces
• water factory • sport courts
• sand trap filter • playgrounds
• parking spots
• traffic islands
• small streets
-green reservoirs
• reedbeds
• forebay
-underground structures
• underground tanks, cisterns and
pools
-attenuing flow peaks

• land form depressions in the canal
forming public spaces
improve awareness- all domains
• combine green with blue • propose seasonal design • introduce variety of landscapes in • implement more water binds dust
infrastructures • change public spaces into floodable different districts particles
• implement public meeting spaces spaces • transform urban spaces into a more • implement more water humidifies
close to green blue infrastructures • implement open gutters, canals, natural habitat the air
• implement perenial open water creeks • generate system of green blue • implement riverfront parks revive the
structures • introduce green blue elements into spaces in urban areas presence of the rivers
• change water into a playful the landscape • bring people closer to water bodies • transform green roofs into rooftop
structure • bring water bodies closer to people gardens
• transform water facilities into parks • implement more water lowers the
ambient temperature in summer
Other measures
• reuse the water harvested in the

system
Domain 1 - drainage basic management and maintenance
-separated stormwater drainage system
It is an option to have the separated stormwater system. To have extra pipes for rainwater contribute
to maintain the quality of water and relieve the sewer system.
-regulation of water flow of rivers
the regulation of river flows can be made by locks to slow down the flow keeping the water on site as
long as possible mainly during the snowmelt periods, in the spring.
-reduce obstacles in the floodplain conveyance
it is important the maintenance of the floodplain, dredging must be a constant practice.
- reduce pollution on the snow storage places
the snowpacks contain high levels of cloride pollution. the snow storage should contain systems to
clean up the snow water before it gets back to the hydrological system. a system of measures starting
with settling the pollution on impermeble surfaces, secondly passing through oil-grit separator and
finally discharge in wetlands before getting back to the hydrological system.
Domain 2 - limitting flood

-delay drainage - infiltration and buffer/ storage
keeping the rainwater longer at the place where it precipitates is an strategy to relieve the pipe
infrastructure (minor drainage sytem) by distributing the water load over the system (major drainage
system). Increasing the infiltration areas, through SuDs measures (rain gardens, infiltration trenches,
pervious pavements, green roofs, swales), is important to delay the drainage load on all the system
and to recharge the groundwater. detention and retention structures are interesting to support a larger
quantity of water at some specific points.
- making use of buffered water and maintain its quality
rain water collected through the system has a certain level of pollution but has great potential for re-
use, which should be employed. there are cleaning measures that can be easily distributed with the
system like send traps and “water factories”.
Domain 3 - design for exceedance in preferred locations

the exceedance flows are not within the designed flood, but its design represents measures with the
objective of cope with the situation, witch is attenuing flow peaks, divert the water to specific locations
that will be flooded, multipurpose spaces to be flooded, green reservoirs, conveyance structures and
lastly underground storage.
Domain 4 - emergency responses

during extreme events, the measures to be taken are related to emergencial diversion structures,
scape routes, prepare the most vulnerable buildings to resist or cope with the water levels.
I. GREEN SPACES AND BLUE NETWORK
MESO-SCALE LEVEL
3
3 1 1
2
3
3 surface hydrology
existing lakes
water courses
(1st- 4th order)
watershed outlet points
green areas
green areas having an
important ‘blue’ role
within the system
(as retention/detention
areas)
0 0,25 0,5 1 2 km N major green areas
KIRUNA
SURFACE HYDROLOGY
AND THE SYSTEM OF
(NATURAL/ SEMI-NATURAL)
OPEN SPACES
headwaters output
medium
course
output
headwaters
headwaters
medium
course
MEASURES FOR OPEN SPACES LOCATED:

0. OVERALL 2. MEDIUM COURSES
0.1 domain 1 2.1 domain 1

• separated stormwater drainage system • regulation of water flow of rivers

delay drainage - infiltration -delay drainage - buffer/ storage
• raingarden • detention basin
• infiltration planters • retention pond
• swales • wetland
• infiltration trench -water quality
• pervious pavement • water factory
• infiltration basin
water quality 2.3 domain 3
• sand trap filter -diversion structures
• river bypass
1. OUTPUT COURSES • berms
-conveyance structures:
• swales
1.1 domain 1 • ditches
• Reduce obstables in the flood plain conveyance
-multipurpose spaces
• green areas
1.2 domain 2 • flodable public spaces
• Retention ponds • sport courts
• Detention basin • playgrounds
• Wetland • parking spots

-attenuing flow peaks -diversion structures
• Land form depressions in the canal forming public spaces • paths for flood return to river
-green reservoirs
• reedbeds -emengency measures
• forebay • connection with multiple bridges
• scape routes
1.4 domain 4
• cloudburst parks 3. HEADWATERS
•
3.2 domain 2
delay drainage - buffer/ storage
• wetland
3.3 domain 3
conveyance and storage of exceedance flows
• green areas
• flodable public spaces
• sport courts
• playgrounds
• parking spots
II. BUILT FORM AND BLUE NETWORK
MESO-SCALE LEVEL
3
3
3
3 2 1
2
surface hydrology
existing lakes
water courses
(1st- 4th order)
watershed outlet points
urban blocks
urban blocks having an
important ‘blue’ role
N within the system
0 0,25 0,5 1 2 km
(retention/detention
areas)
surface hydrology within/

passing through urban
blocks (infiltration/
conveyance areas)
KIRUNA
SURFACE HYDROLOGY
AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
headwaters output
medium
course
output
headwaters
headwaters
medium
course
MEASURES FOR INNER BLOCK OPEN SPACES MEASURES FOR INNER BLOCK OPEN SPACE
0. OVERALL 2. MEDIUM COURSES
• separated stormwater drainage system -delay drainage - buffer/ storage
• detention basin
0.2 domain 2 • retention pond
delay drainage - infiltration • wetland
• raingarden -water quality
• infiltration planters • water factory
• curbside raingarden
• green roofs 1.3 domain 3
• swales -diversion structures
• infiltration trench • river bypass
• pervious pavement • berms
• infiltration basin
water quality -conveyance structures:
• sand trap filter • swales
• ditches
1. OUTPUT COURSES • street gutters
• urban creek
1.2 domain 2 -multipurpose spaces
• Retention ponds • green areas
• Detention basin • flodable public spaces
• Wetland • sport courts
• playgrounds
1.3 domain 3 • parking spots
-green reservoirs • traffic islands
• reedbeds • small streets

• cloudburst boulevards -diversion structures
• connection with multiple bridges • paths for flood return to river
• scape routes • cloudburst boulevards
• amphibious houses
• houses starting one storey upper the street level -emengency measures
• concrete frame buildings for structure resistance against water • connection with multiple bridges
• scape routes
3. HEADWATERS
1.2 domain 2
delay drainage - buffer/ storage
• wetland
water quality
• water factory
1.3 domain 3
conveyance and storage of exceedance flows
• green areas
• flodable public spaces
• sport courts
• playgrounds
• parking spots
• traffic islands
• small streets
REFERENCES
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
ASHLEY, Richard et al. Analysing the added value of green infrastructure and
stormwater systems. United Kingdom
Government of South Australia. Water Sensitive Urban Design Technical Manual.

Greater Adelaide Region, Australia, 2009.
DREISEITL, H. and GRAU, Dieter. New Waterscapes. Planning, Building and

Designing with Water. Birkhäuser. Germany, 2015.
FLETCHER, Tim D. et al. SUDS, LID, BPMs, WSUD and more - The evolution and
application of terminology surrounding urban drainage. Urban Drainage Journal,
Taylor & Francis. London, United Kingdom, 2014.
HAAN, F. J., et al. The needs of society: a new understanding of transitions,

sustainability and livability. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 2013.
HERNÁNDEZ, Agustín et al. Manual de Desenho Bioclimático Urbano. Manual de

Orientações para a Elaboração de Normas Urbanísticas. Instituto Politécnico de
Bragança. Portugal, 2013.
HILLIER, Bill. Space is the Machine. A configurational theory of architecture.

Space syntax. London, United Kingdom, 2007.
MEIJER, M., DUBBELING, M. and MARCELIS, A. Sustainable Urban Design,

The Next Step, Examples and Perspectives. Blauwdruk. Wageningen, The
Netherlands, 2010.
MWH. Managing Urban Flooding from Heavy Rainfall. Encouraging the Uptake of
Designing for Exceedance. United Kingdom, 2014.
NORTH, Alissa. Operative Landscapes: Building Communities Through Public

Space. Birkhäuser. 2013.
PÖTZ, Hiltrud and BLEUZÉ, Pierre. Urban Green-Blue Grids for sustainable and
dynamic cities. Coop for life. The Netherlands, 2012.
YEANG, L. D. Urban Design Compendium. Homes and Community Agency. HCA

& Studio Real. United Kingdom, 2013.
UNEP et al. Green Infrastructure: Guide for Water Management. Ecosystem-

based management approaches for water-related infrastructure projects. United
Nations Environment Programme, 2014.
STATISTICS
Socioeconomic and geographic
World Bank national accounts data

http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD/countries/BR-US-SE-NL-DK-
CL-CN?display=default
OECD National Accounts

http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/country-statistical-profile-brazil-2013-2_
csp-bra-table-2013-2-en
The World Factbook CIA

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html
Statistics Netherlands
http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/?LA=en
Statistics Sweden
Statistiska Centralbyran
Water
Faoland&water. Aquastat coumting every drop.

http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dbases/index.stm
UNICEF. Progress on Drinking-water and Sanitation. World Health Organization,

2014.
Waste
What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. The world bank.
http://go.worldbank.org/BCQEP0TMO0
Evolution of infrastructure
Monash University
http://www.waterforliveability.org.au/?page_id=1709
DESIGNS
The High Line
http://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/the-high-line-new-york/
https://www.thehighline.org/about
CT Water Treatment Facility
Building with Water: Concepts Typology Design By Zoë Ryan

http://www.mvvainc.com/project.php?id=13&c=parks
http://www.asla.org/2010awards/105.html
Watersquare Benthemplein
http://www.urbanisten.nl/wp/?portfolio=waterplein-benthemplein
Zollhallen Platz
http://www.dreiseitl.com/index.php?id=52&lang=em
Potsdamer Platz
http://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/potsdamer-platz-berlin-germany/
Water Factory
http://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/water-factory-in-emmen-zoo-the-
netherlands/
Park as living laboratory
http://www.marymiss.com/index_.html
Bo01
http://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/bo01-city-of-tomorrow-malmo-
sweden/
EVA Lanxmeer Project Living Lab
http://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/eva-lanxmeer-living-lab/
HafenCity
http://www.hafencity.com/en/overview/the-hafencity-project.html
http://designalmic.com/hafencity-public-space-miralles-tagliabue-embt/
Urban Flood Management Dordrecht
RYAN, Z. Building with Water: Concepts | Typology | Design. Birkhäuser, 2010.
Portland
http://www.portlandoregon.gov/bes/47203
http://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/268612
http://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/portland-oregon-us/
Bioswales Ruwenbos District
http://www.urbangreenbluegrids.com/projects/ruwenbos-enschede-the-
netherlands/
http://drainforlife.eu/index.php/en/best-practise/best-international-practice/49-
enschede-the-netherlands
Bishan Ang MO Kio Park
http://www.dreiseitl.com/index.php?id=47&lang=en
Melbourne Docklands Park WSUD Strategy
Docklands Public Realm Plan Melbourne. Places Victoria. City of Melbourne.

September 2012
http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/AboutMelbourne/PrecinctsandSuburbs/
Docklands/Pages/DocklandsPublicRealmPlan.aspx
http://www.aecom.com/Where+We+Are/Australia+-+New+Zealand/
Design+and+Planning/_projectsList/Melbourne+Docklands+Park+WSUD+Strategy
Toppilansaari Park
Zhangjiawo New Town
Victoria Park Public Domain
http://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-projects/detail/victoria-park-public-domain
http://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-projects/detail/victoria-park-public-domain
(page 28)
Rotterdam Adaptation Strategy
http://www.urbanisten.nl/wp/?portfolio=rotterdam-adaptation-strategy
Copenhagen Strategy Flood Masterplan
Coal lake city | living city design competition
https://ilbi.org/action/competitions/LCDC/lcdc
https://ilbi.org/action/competitions/LCDC/project-pages/project-pdfs/coallakecity-
ruhr-narrative
http://www.flickr.com//photos/livingfuture/sets/72157627600630499/show/
River+City+Life
http://places.designobserver.com/media/pdf/RIVER+CITY+LIF_98.pdf
Waller Creek
http://www.mvvainc.com/project.php?id=99&c=urban_design
http://www.wallercreek.org/
Athens City Centre
http://www.archdaily.com/338001/re-think-athens-winning-proposal-okra/
Waterway Ring of São Paulo
http://www.metropolefluvial.fau.usp.br/index_en.php
River Bypass
http://www.hnsland.nl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=400:pro
jects&catid=29:projects&Itemid=64&lang=en-GB
http://pt.slideshare.net/ArjanOtten/i-jsseldelta-project-jrbm-v3
APPENDIX
APPENDIX
URBAN PATTERNS
OPEN SPACE
type caracter and function
PUBLIC LOWER DENSITY LARGER SCALE geenway Typically these follow streams or disused railways, for example,
with green fingers penetrating from the countryside, through the
town/city edge and into the urban core.
water bodies Includes lakes, ponds, rivers, canals and streams, which provide
rich wildlife habitats, offer recreational value and can be used as
movement corridors.
meadow A public space for informal recreation, located on the edge of

a neighbourhood. Often part of a flood plain comprising natural
grasses and wildflowers.
woodland/ nature reserves A wood or coppice of trees left in the natural state, interlaced with
internal footpaths, sometimes designated as a nature reserve, with
restricted access to areas rich in wildlife
green An informal grassed public space associated with the focal point of
PUBLIC HIGH DENSITY AREAS SMALLER SCALE
village life, that sometimes incorporates a football or cricket pitch.
playing field Open spaces formally laid out for active recreation, such as football
or rugby- including golf courses. Management / ownership can be
shared between schools, clubs and the wider community to ensure
facilities are well used.
outdoor theater
square A formal public space, no larger than a block and located at focal
points of civic importance fronted by key buildings, usually hard
paved and providing passive recreation.
plaza A public space associated with the extended forecourt of

commercial (office / retail) buildings, with formal landscaping.
playground A small area dedicated for child’s play, that is fenced and located
within close walking distance to nearby houses, overlooked by
residents.
churchyard/ cemetery Located adjacent to a church and often providing a green oasis at
the heart of a community.
atrium A glass covered semi-public or private space serving as a

PRIVATE
thoroughfare, seating area and sun trap for building occupants or

visitors.
private garden A private space located within the plot of an adjacent building.
courtyard A private open space often for vehicular servicing/parking
communal garden A semi-private space not accessible to the general public, usually
located within the interior of a perimeter block, providing a centrally
managed green space for residents
allotments A semi-public agglomeration of gardening plots rented to individuals

by the local authority.
parks
regional parks and open spaces Large areas and corridors of natural heathland, downland,
PUBLIC
size: 400 hectares commons, woodlands and and occasional visits parkland also
distance from home: 3.2-8 km including areas not publicly accessible but which contribute to the
(linked metropolitan open land and green belt corridors) overall environmental amenity. Primarily providing for informal
weekend and occasional visits by car or public transport recreation with some non- intensive active recreation uses. Car
parking at key locations.
metropolitan park Either (i) natural heathland, downland, commons, woodland etc.
size: 60 hectares or (ii) formal parks providing for both active and passive recreation.
distance from home: 3.2 km May contain playing fields, but at least 40 hectares for other
weekend and occasional visits by car or public transport pursuits. Adequate car parking.
district parks Landscape setting with a variety of natural features providing for
size: 20 hectares a wide range of activities, including outdoor sports facilities and
distance from home: 1.2 km playing fields, children’s play for different age groups, and informal
weekend and occasional visits by foot, cycle, car and recreation pursuits. Should provide some car parking.
short bus trips
local parks Providing for court games, children’s play, sitting-out areas, nature
size: 2 hectares conservation, landscaped environment; and playing fields if the
distance from home: 0.4 km parks are large enough.
for pedestrian visitors
small local parks and open spaces Gardens, sitting-out areas, children’s playgrounds or other areas of a
size: up to 2 hectares specialist nature, including nature conservation areas.
distance from home: up to 0.4 km
pedestrian visits, especially by old people and children,
particularly valuable in high-density areas
OPEN SPACE
type caracter and function
linear open space Canal towpaths, paths, disused railways and other routes which
size: variable wherever feasible provide opportunities for informal recreation, and areas that are not
pedestrian visits fully accessible to the public but contribute to the enjoyment of the
space.
STREETS
conventional capacity-based terminology Streets that combine capacity and character
primary distributor Main road

Routes providing connections across the city
district distributor Avenue or Boulevard

27 – 36m Formal, generous landscaping
local distributor High Street

18 – 30m Mixed uses, active frontages
access road Street or Square

residential street: 12 - 18m Mainly residential, building lines encouraging traffic calming
square: 18 – 100m
cul-de-sac Mews / Courtyard

7.5 – 12m Shared space for parking and other uses
Source: Urban Design Compendium. Llewelyn Davies Yeang
ANNEX
ANNEX
GLOBAL SPATIAL STRATEGIES
planning
metabolism
energy
prevention
energy saving
1. controlling energy use of buildings: every house has devices to control energy
consumption
2. good insolation
3. creation of consumption parameters
4. creation of consumption goals: reduce the total energy use of building built before
2010 by 25%
action
energy production
5. solar: solar pv and solar hot water integrated with green roofs
6. wind
7. biogas
8. aquifer, synergy: water
9. hydraulic, synergy: water
10. geothermal, synergy: subsoil
re-action
11. generation from the movement of road to the cleaning plant, synergy: public
space
12. reuse of warmth
configuration
a. management
13. plan of energy typology to each scale of use:
community - solar thermal collector, ground heat, pv for homes and cars;
district - pv solar farm, industries/ services buildings;
city - algae farm produced at the lake reuse co² from industries, synergy: manage-
ment
b. spatial organization
14. production on-site
15. collective central heating
food
prevention
16. slow food education, synergy: knowledge
17. FLOSS lifestyle (Fresh, Local, Organic, Seasonal and Sustainable), synergies:
knowledge, culture
action
18. permaculture, synergies: mobility, air
19. urban farming, synergies: mobility, air
configuration
20. community garden, synergies: mobility, air
21. regional food production shop, synergy: building
waste
prevention
22. minimises production of waste, synergies: knowledge, culture
action
23. bio, human and agricultural waste for compost of fertilizer, synergies: waste,
energy
re-action
24. retrofit of old structure, synergies: waste, building
25. reuse of demolition materials, synergies: waste, building
26. recycle debris on site
27. reuse of materials for paving streets
28. garbage and food scrap collection for reduction of landfill
29. material and food packing waste recycle and return to industry
30. energy production using biogas, synergy: energy
configuration
a. management
31. funding from federal state and local sources for management of waste, synergy:
management
32. transport, transhipment and treatment of five kinds of waste defined as public
cargo. The transport is realized at the main rivers of the city and the processing of
waste at public facilits (buildings) located at the perimeter of these navigable canals,
synergies: transportation, mobility
management
programming
configuration
a. management
33. private building initiative
34. sustainability liaison in each bureau of municipal operations
35. experimental design
36. cross disciplinary plan
37. mixed uses
38. multiple uses of water structure, synergy: public space
ANNEX

multi-functionality
39. park with water supply facility, synergy: public space
40. sport, theatre and storage water facility in a shape of a square, synergy: public
space
41. infiltration planters with water storage in a shape of a square, synergy: public
space
42. square and rain water treatment, synergy: public space
43. pavilion and water treatment facility, synergy: building
44. public spaces and buildings in different heights for tide variation, synergy: public
space
45. dynamic and multifunctional public spaces that can harvest rain water, synergy:
public space
46. eleven housing typologies combined in different ways to create various densities,
synergy: building
communication
action
47. participatory governance, synergy: public space
48. cooperation between inhabitants, businesses and interest groups, synergy:
public space
technology | performance
air
acoustic comfort
heat island effect
pollution
action
1. vegetation, synergies: biodiversity, beauty
2. reduction of car traffic, synergies: mobility, beauty
3. water slightly lowers the ambient temperature in summer, binds dust particles and
humidifies the air
configuration
4. public parks at borders of canal infrastructure, synergy: beauty
5. replacement of trucks by boats for transportation of public cargos, synergies:
water transportation, mobility
6. implement public spaces with green and blue infrastructures
water
flood hazard
action
7. create flood resilient public spaces
8. store water and delay drainage
9. recharge the ground water
configuration
rainwater buffering capacity: keep the water in the area, delaying drainage.
10. underground storage
11. bioswales, synergy: public space
12. rain gardens, synergy: public space
13. open gutters, synergy: public space
14. infiltration ponds, synergy: public space
15. storage in football pit, synergy: public space
16. water robust streets, synergy: public space
17. watersquares, synergy: public space
18. buffers, synergy: public space
19. separate stormwater systems with multiple tanks, pumps and controls
constructions
20. green roofs/ rooftop gardens, synergy: building
21. Cellular Block Storage System
action
recharging the ground water and buffering water: infiltration zones
configuration
22. planters, synergy: public space
ANNEX

23. porous paving materials, synergy: public space
24. trenches, synergy: public space
25. ponds, synergy: public space
26. ditches, synergy: public space
urban form
configuration
27. public spaces in different heights to accommodate changing water levels at low
tide and high tide, synergy: public space
28. cloudburst boulevards, parks and plazas, synergy: public space
29. gutters over the district, synergy: mobility
30. residential units start one storey upper the street level, synergy: public space
31. berms made of contaminated soil, synergy: subsoil
reaction
32. emergency scape routes, synergy: mobility
prevention
33. separated sewer
river
prevention
34. reducing obstacles in the floodplain conveyance, synergy: management
35. regulation of the water flow in the rivers to control floods and drought, synergy:
management
reaction
36. paths for floodwater return to the river, synergy: public space
sanitation
action
rainwater cleaning process
37. use of vegetation to water treatment, synergy: beauty
38. helophyte filter, synergy: beauty, public space
39. reverse osmosis filter
40. UV treatment
41. water is filtered through a sand trap and treated with ultraviolet light
configuration
a. management
42. bioswales designed to be dry 85% of the year to prevent muddy situations and to
avoid attracting mosquitoes, synergy: human health
43. water recycling system underneath tap at the houses, synergy: building
44. reedbeds for grey water purification, synergy: public space
45. reuse of water in community garden, agriculture and lake, synergy: public space
transportation
configuration
46. navigable canals transporting waste and in some points agriculture and people,
synergy: management
supply
action
drinking water production
reaction
47. rainwater treated reused on site, synergy: sanitation
48. reuse of water grey or brown water in the zoo, buildings, irrigation, synergy: food
configuration
50. connection of the city reservoirs allows transportation of potable water from
further reservoirs through the canal
buildings
integration to urban systems

configuration
synergy: flood hazard
51. balconies and walkways provide safe access and egress, synergy: flood hazard,
contingency
52. amphibious units, synergy: flood hazard
53. green roofs, synergy: flood hazard
54. occupying and transforming ground floors and vacant buildings, synergy: mixed
uses
55. concrete frame buildings allows structure resistance against water, synergy: flood
hazard
56. underground storage, synergy: flood hazard
57. residential units start one storey upper the street level, synergy: flood hazard
58. circuit elevated magnetic railway network that uses zero emission rechargeable
battery operated power, synergy: energy
action
59. use of regional materials, synergy: mobility
60. use of recycled materials
61. ensure that the new building adapt to the changing climate, synergy: flood, air
62. compact neighborhoods, synergy: mobility
reaction
63. retrofit of old structures or buildings
surface
mobility infrastructure
prevention
ANNEX

64. planning that minimises sprawl of city, synergy: programming
action
65. universal access: elevators, synergy: buildings, convenience
66. accessibility by public transportation, synergy: buildings, public space
67. bring employment to reduce mobility, synergy: programming
68. public transportation: tram way
69. priority to non-motorized transportation: pedestrians and bicycles, synergy: public
space
70. development along transportation hubs, synergy: programming
71. linking the adjacent neighborhoods improving network, synergy: programming
72. the navigable canals reduce the traffic of trucks in the city arteries, synergy:
programming
73. carpool, synergy: programming
74. free bicycles for low income residents, synergy: programming
reaction
75. emergency scape routes, synergy: flood hazard
configuration
76. buses every 7 minutes 300m far from houses, synergy: programming
77. rainwater infrastructure combined with mobility infrastructure system, synergy:
flexibility, programming, flood hazard
78. variation in street layout can slow down water flow, synergy: flexibility, program-
ming, flood hazard
79. network of pedestrian bridges
80. green streets
public space
action
81. implementation of new public space
82. improvement of existing public space
83. implement diversity of public spaces
84. adaptation and transformation in more functional public spaces, synergy: flexibili-
ty, programming
water and flood

85. creation of collective spaces for water harvesting, synergy: flexibility, program-
ming, flood hazard
reaction
86. maintenance by residents, synergy: programming
existence
87. small open-air podia, synergy: social interaction and cohesion
water and flood
88. enhancement of water front through creation of new parks, synergy: social inter-
action and cohesion, biodiversity, water
89. public spaces in different heights for tide variation, synergy: programming, flood
hazard
subsoil
ground water
existence
90. water infiltration trench, synergy: flood hazard
energy capacity
action
91. energy from aquifer, synergy: energy
92. geothermal energy, synergy: flood hazard
archaeology
action
93. archaeological investigation, synergy: culture/ identity, knowledge beliefs, heri-
tage
healthiness
action
94. cleaning soil through chemical and biological processes, synergy: human health
configuration
synergy: flood
95. use of berms as a repository for contaminated soil and for flooding prevention,
synergy: flood hazard
ANNEX
ecological design
biodiversity
action
1. Bio-engineering techniques and native plant palette along water bodies to preserve
its historical character and better sustain regional ecologies, synergy: culture and
identity, knowledge and beliefs, heritage, beauty
2. urban greening, sineygy: air, water, beauty, human health
3. diversity of vegetation species, sineygy: beauty
4. green very much present everywhere: greener streets and parks, sineygy: air,
water, beauty, human health
5. construction of a natural habitat in combination with functional structures, sineygy:
water, air
configuration
6. green corridors synergy: air, water, beauty
7. linear chain of parks, synergy: air, water, mobility, beauty
8. wildlife corridors between mountains and sea, synergy: air, water, beauty
9. green network along with the streets, synergy: air, water, mobility, beauty
livability

action
10. provide public meeting arenas, synergy: public space, communication, leisure,
human health
11. increase the number of public meeting spaces, synergy: public space, communi-
cation, leisure, human health
12. spaces with public access, synergy: public space, convenience
13. place to stay, synergy: public space, convenience, leisure
configuration
14. public communal harvesting system, synergy: communication, flood, public space

action
15. educative structures
16. revive the presence of the important rivers, synergy: public space, beauty
17. visible water structures, synergy: public space, beauty, water
18. informative events, synergy: public space
configuration
19. research institute inside the park, synergy: programming
20. building as a landmark, synergy: beauty, buildings
21. meeting place and platform for sustainable social and cultural development and
for conferences in sustainability, synergy: programming, public space, social interac-
tion and cohesion
22. maintenance of important buildings, synergy: beauty, buildings, culture and
identity, heritage
23. vegetarian friendly restaurants, synergy: programming, culture and identity
24. implementation of worldwide institutions for knowledge, synergy: programming
beauty
action
25. seasonal design, synergy: programming, biodiversity, adaptive design
26. climate adaptive measures are visible to people, synergy: programming, knowl-
edge, flood hazard and drought
27. context-sensitive interventions to the particulars of the diverse site, synergy:
programming, knowledge, flood hazard and drought, culture and identity
28. water is aerated and set in motion near public spaces
configuration
29. introduction of a lake in old mine
30. variety of landscapes in different districts, synergy: programming, biodiversity
31. change the concrete jungle into a greener space, synergy: programming, biodiver-
sity
32. interactive decorative light
convenience
action
33. universal accessibility, synergy: public space, mobility infrastructures
34. accessibility in case of flooding, synergy: mobility infrastructures, flood hazard
and drought
configuration
35. multiple bridges to access different heights, synergy: public space, mobility
infrastructures
36. 20 minutes neighborhood, synergy: programming, public space, mobility infra-
structures
37. continuities of the crossing streets, synergy: public space, mobility infrastructures

action
38. high involvement of future inhabitants of new neighborhood, synergy: social
interaction and cohesion, public space
crime safety
action
39. “eyes on the street”, synergy: programming, public space
40. mixed uses, synergy: programming
41. multifunctional buildings promote lively streets, synergy: programming, public
space
ANNEX
heritage
action
42. prevalence of existing elements, structures, buildings, like Historic hangar and
ancient park. synergy: culture and identity
configuration
43. give new uses or revive existing elements, structures, buildings, synergy: culture
and identity
leisure
action
44. spaces with room for different activities, synergy: public spaces
exercise
configuration
45. sport facility close by the neigbourhood, synergy: programming
46. open air sport facilities, synergy: programming, public spaces
human health
configuration
47. facilities treat illness and assist well-being through a process involving diagnosis,
cure, rehabilitation, rejuvenation, and prevention. synergy: programming, buildings
48. Check-up programs with a special focus on geriatric care management. synergy:
programming.
flexibility
adaptive design
configuration
multi-functionality
50. sport, theatre and storage water facility in a shape of a square, synergy: public
space
51. infiltration planters with water storage in a shape of a square, synergy: public
space
52. square and rain water treatment, synergy: public space
53. pavilion and water treatment facility, synergy: building
54. public spaces and buildings in different heights for tide variation, synergy: public
space
55. dynamic and multifunctional public spaces that can harvest rain water, synergy:
public space
56. eleven housing typologies combined in different ways to create various densities,
synergy: building
contingency
configuration
57. emergency scape routes, synergy: mobility
58. paths for floodwater return to the river, synergy: public space, flood
59. balconies and walkways provide safe access and egress, synergy: flood, buildings

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GREEN BLUE INFRASTRUCTURES

OVERVIEW OF SMART SPATIAL STRATEGIES

Green/Blue Infrastructure for Sustainable, Attractive Cities

Chair of Enronmental Technology and Design, Department of Urbanism

Prof. dr. ir. Arjan van Timmeren

Arch. Taneha Kuzniecow Bacchin

1. SELECTION OF DESIGN PRACTICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.2 SELECTED DESIGNS - BUILT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

The High Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

CT Water Treatment Facility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Park as living laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

EVA Lanxmeer Project Living Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Urban Flood Management Dordrecht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Bioswales Ruwenbos District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Bishan Ang MO Kio Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Melbourne Docklands Park WSUD Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Zhangjiawo New Town . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Victoria Park Public Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

1.3 SELECTED DESIGNS - NON-BUILT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Rotterdam Adaptation Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Copenhagen Strategy Flood Masterplan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Coal lake city | living city design competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Athens City Centre . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Waterway Ring of São Paulo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

1.4 EXCLUDED DESIGN PRACTICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

2. ANALYSIS OF DESIGN PRACTICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

3. GREEN BLUE SPATIAL STRATEGIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

3.1 METHODS OF ORGANIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

3.2 LIST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

3.3 METHODS OF ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

3.4 ANALYSIS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

4. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

The work is being conducted in an international Urban Living Lab in Kiruna,

Swedish (Luleå University of Technology), Dutch (Delft University of Technology),

green blue size theme dimensions

innovation exemplary multiple benefits

EXTRACTION OF SPATIAL STRATEGIES

dimension metric object

energy production and saving

first page | design data

design name location in the

The High Line

data informing master plan

matrix of analysis: spatial strategies

waste management retrofit of old structure

flexibility mixed uses and multifunctionality:

acoustic comfort vegetation

air heat island effect

flood hazard and drough green roofs

technology performance buildings integration to urban green roofs

mobility infrastructures universal access: elevators

context design info

theme transformation of morphology line

waste management retrofit of old structure

flexibility mixed uses and multifunctionality:

acoustic comfort vegetation

air heat island effect

flood hazard and drough green roofs

technology performance buildings integration to urban green roofs

mobility infrastructures universal access: elevators

context design info

theme park morphology point

native green species at

seasonal variation in color