Production of Gold and Silver in Peru - Past, Present and Future

PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER
IN PERU: PAST, PRESENT

AND FUTURE
Jorge ACOSTA,
Alexander SANTISTEBAN, Dina HUANACUNI,
Michael VALENCIA & Eder VILLARREAL
PROGRAMA DE METALOGENIA
DIRECCIÓN DE RECURSOS MINERALES Y ENERGÉTICOS
Lima, Peru
May, 2014
Content
• Resume of past production of gold an silver in Peru:

Inca Empyre, Colony and Republic Eras (c. XV to XIX).
• Statistical facts.
• Peruvian gold & silver belts.
• Deposit types and metal contents in the main
metallogenic belts.
• The gold and silver endowment in Peru.
GOLD
Pre-Inca & Inca Stage:
5.5 Moz Au1 Hualgayoc
Before to 1532 Contumazá

Cajabamba
The Inca Empire or
Tawuantinsuyo
Colquijirca
Vilcabamba
Castrovirreyna Sandia
Caylloma
Puno
1. Hohagen, J. 1937. El Oro en el Perú en 1936. Boletín No 118 del Cuerpo de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú. Lima 1937
Colony Stage : 1533-1821
4.8 Moz Au1,2
289 years
17,000 oz/year
Hualgayoc-1771
Sarapuyo
Huaylas
Recuay
Colquijirca
Pasco-1670
Santa Barbara-1566
Vilcanota
Castrovirreyna 1591 Vilcabamba
Sandia
Caylloma-1590 Ichuña
Camaná Potosí
Porco
Huantajaya
1. Hohagen, J. 1937. El Oro en el Perú en 1936. Boletín No 118 del Cuerpo de Ingenieros de Minas del Perú. Lima 1937. 2. Boggio, M.1997. El Oro en el Perú. El Perú MineroTomo VII. Pag. 251-254
Republic Stage : 1821-1900
1.2 Moz Au 1
80 years
15,000 Oz/year Chirinos-Peca
Jaen
Hualgayoc - 1771
Sarapuyo
Huaylas Parcoy
Salpo
Recuay
Colquijirca
Llata Huanuco
Pasco-1670
300 Vilcanota
Santa Barbara-1566
Vilcabamba
Castrovirreyna 1591
241 Sandia
250 Coporaque
Onces of Fine Gold x 1000
215
Corcullo
193 Ichuña
200 Huanu Huanu
Vilquechico
Caylloma-1590
Camaná
141
150 Chuquibamba
121
103
92
100
52
50
Huantajaya
0
1821 - 1830 1831 - 1840 1841 - 1850 1851-1860 1861-1870 1871-1880 1881-1890 1891-1900
1. Boggio, M.1997. El Oro en el Perú. El Perú MineroTomo VII. Pag. 251-254

12.6 Moz Au 1,2

90 years
140,000 Oz/year
Hualgayoc
La Poderosa
Parcoy
Quiruvilca Retamas
Buldibuyo
Colquijirca
3.0 2.8
Pasco-1670
Million Onces of Fine Gold
2.5
2.2
M.D.D.
2.0 1.8
1.7 Julcani
1.5
1.1 1.1
1.0 Sn Jn Lucanas Sn Antonio de Poto
1.0
0.5 Sn Luis Gold Orcopampa
0.5 0.3 Ocoña Minas
Orión
0.0 Caravelí
Callpa
Sn Jn Chorunga
1. Ministerio de Fomento. Dirección de Energía de Minas y Petróleo. Anuarios 1900-1968. 2. Ministerio de Energía y Minas del Perú. Anuarios Mineros 1969 – 2013.
93.7 Moz Au 1,2

23 years
4 Moz/year Tantahuatay
La Zanja Cerro Corona
Yanacocha
Sipan La Poderosa
Parcoy
Alto Chicama Retamas
La Arena
Santa Rosa
Pierina
Colquijirca
Pasco-1670
8
7
6.7
6.5
Corihuarmi M.D.D.
5.9 5.9
6 5.5 5.6 5.5
5.1
5.3 5.3
5.2 Julcani
4.9
5 4.5
Selene
4.1 4.3 Pallancata
Anabí
4 Veta Dorada
3.0 Breapampa Arcata Antapaccay
3 2.5
Laytaruma Ares
1.9
2.1
Caravelí Arasi
2 1.5 Orión Orcopampa
1.0 Ocoña Minas Tukari
1 0.7 0.8 Minera Paraiso
Callpa
0 Pucamarca
Sn Jn Chorunga
Statical Facts
World Gold Production 1980-2012
25 100
85.6 85.4
83.5 82.3
77.4 75.8
20 80
71.6
15 55.8 60
11.6 11.9
43.1 11.1
10 40
8.7
6.3 6.08
5.28 5.34 5.19
4.8 4.98
5 4.3 20
2.8 2.68
1.8
0.90
0.17 0.27
0 0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012
China Australia United States Russia South Africa

Peru Indonesia Canada Uzbekistan Ghana
Mexico New Guinea Brazil Others World Production
Gold Mines in Peru - 2013
Annual Production
Mines
Onces of Fine Gold
X 1000
< 100
100-500 Tantahuatay
Cerro Corona
500-1000 La Zanja
Yanacocha
> 1000 La Poderosa
Parcoy
Alto Chicama Retamas
La Arena Santa Rosa
1,200 Pierina
1,000
Onces of Fine Gold x1000
800
Corihuarmi M.D.D.
600
4.8 Moz Pallancata
Anabí
400
Veta Dorada
Antapaccay
Breapampa
Laytaruma Arasi
200 Orcopampa
Caravelí Tukari
0
Minera Paraiso
Future Gold Producers in Peru
Annual Production
Projects
Onces of Fine Gold
X 1000
< 100
100-200 Cañariaco (2019)
400-200 La Granja El Galeno (2015)
> 400 (2017) Michiquillay (2019)
Minas Conga
(2017) Shahuindo (2014)
700 San Luis (2017)

Onces of Fine Gold x1000
600
Invicta (2015)
500
400 Haquira
Ollachea
(2019)
300 (2015)
Los Chancas
(2017) Las Bambas (2014)
200
Inmaculada Constancia
(2014) Anama
100 (2015)
(2014)
0 Zafranal
(2019) Chucapaca
(2016)
Mines and Future Gold
Producers in Peru
Actual or Planned Annual
Mines Projects
Production Onces of Fine
Gold X 1000 La Granja Cañariaco (2019)
(2017)
< 100 El Galeno (2015)
Yanacocha
100-400 Michiquillay (2019)
Minas Conga Parcoy
400-600 (2017)
Alto Chicama
Shahuindo (2014)
Santa Rosa
> 600 La Arena
1,200
San Luis (2017)
Pierina
1,000
Invicta (2015)
Onces of Fine Gold x 1000
800
Corihuarmi M.D.D.
Haquira
600 (2019) Ollachea
Los Chancas (2015)
(2017) Las Bambas (2014)
400 Constancia
Inmaculada (2015)
(2014) Anama
200 Caravelí (2014)
Chucapaca
Zafranal(2016)
0
(2019)
Peruvian Gold Belts
Main Gold Belts, Mines and
Projects in Peru

Mines Projects
Gold X 1000
0
< 100
100-400
400-600
> 600
Metallogenic belts
Miocene epithermal belt
Upper Cretaceous intrusion-related gold belt
Carboniferous-Permian orogenic gold belt
Main Gold Belts, Mines and
Projects in Peru
Mines Projects
Gold X 1000 Porphyry
0 0.04-1.4 g/t Au
< 100 OG
100-400
HSE 7-12 g/t Au
0.2-2 g/t Au
400-600
> 600
Metallogenic belts
Upper Cretaceous intrusion-related gold belt LSE
Carboniferous-Permian orogenic gold belt 1.3-17 g/t Au ISE
Deposit Types 0.3-9 g/t Au

HS Epithermal (HSE) Skarn
IS Epithermal (ISE) Orogenic gold (OG) IRG
LS Epithermal (LSE) Intrusion-related gold (IRG) 6-32 g/t Au
Porphyry Placer
Peruvian Gold Production by Deposit Types
8
HS Epithermal
7 IS Epithermal 6.7
LS Epitermal
6
Porphyry
Skarn
5 Orogenic gold
Intrusive-related gold
4
Alluvial gold
Others
3
0
Historic Cumulative Gold
Production in Peru
Total Production in Peru

118 Moz (100%) Yanacocha
34 Moz
Production from main gold belts 17 Moz
99 Moz (84%) 14%
Parcoy, Retamas
Alto Chicama & Poderosa
Other Au belts: 4 Moz (3%) >10 Moz
~3 Moz
Other non-Au belts: 15 Moz (13%) Santa Rosa >2 Moz
Million Onces Pierina >5 Moz

of Fine Gold
<1 74 Moz
5-1
63% 11 Moz
30-5 10%
MDD
> 30 > 9 Moz
Arasi
Metallogenic belts > 0.5 Moz
Orcopampa
Miocene epithermal belt Laytaruma ~ 1Moz
Tukari & Santa Rosa
Upper Cretaceous intrusion-related gold belt 8 Moz < 1 Moz
Sn Jn Chorunga
7% ~1 Moz
Peruvian Gold Production 1990-2025
actual forecast
8 Chucapaca
San Luis
HS Epithermal Minas Conga
IS Epithermal Invicta La Granja
Ollaechea El Galeno Cañariaco
7 LS Epitermal 6.7 Haquira Zafranal Michiquillay
Los Chancas Haquira
Skarn Anana 6.5
Inmaculada 6.3
Porphyry Las Bambas
6 5.7 5.9
Constancia
Orogenic gold
5.4
Intrusive-related gold
5.1
Alluvial gold 5.5
5
Others
0
Gold Resources and Reserves
in the Main Belts in Peru
Total reported resources in Peru
192 Moz (100%)
Resources from gold belts
130 Moz (67%)
Other Au belts 53 MMT (28%) 10 Moz
Other non-Cu belts 9 MMT (5%) 5%
Millions Onces of
Mines Projects
Fine Gold X 1000
<2
36 Moz
19%
2-4
118 Moz
4-10
61% 17 Moz
> 10
9%
Metallogenic belts
Eocene-Oligocene porphyry belt
2 Moz
Upper Cretaceous intrusion-related gold belt 1%
Main Gold Deposits with Resources
and Reserves in Peru(> 1 Moz)
Millions Onces of
Mines Projects
Fine Gold X 1000
Tambogrande
Cañariaco (2019)
La Granja El Galeno (2015)
<1 (2017) Michiquillay (2019)
1-2 Minas Conga
(2017)
Shahuindo (2014)
2-4
4-10
San Luis (2017)
> 10
50
Invicta (2015)
45
40
35 Haquira
(2019) Ollachea
30
(2015)
25 Los Chancas
(2017) Las Bambas (2014)
20
15 Inmaculada (2014)
Constancia
Anama (2015)
10 (2014)
Chucapaca
5
Zafranal (2016)
0 (2019)
SILVER
Colony Stage : 1531-1820
1,150 Moz Ag 1
290 years
~4 Moz/year
Hualgayoc-1771
Sarapuyo
Huaylas
Recuay
(tomado de Jeffrey Colquijirca

A., 1985: “The Pasco-1670
Potosí mita, 1573-
1700: compulsory Yauli-Morococha -1593
Indian labor in the
Andes”) Santa Barbara-1566
Vilcanota
Castrovirreyna-1591 Vilcabamba
Jauja-1730 Laycacota-1619
100 Lucanas y Parinacochas-1630 Chucuito-1679
Ichuña La Paz-1655
85 86 Caylloma-1590
Million Onces of Fine Silver
90
Oruro-1609
80 Camaná
69 67 Potosí-1545
70 Carangas-1652
58 59 57 Porco
60
50 46 45 46
39 40 41
38 38 38 37
40 32
29 30 Huantajaya
30 25 26 24
21 22 23
17 18
20
10
10 4
0
1. Boggio, M.1997. El Oro en el Perú. El Perú MineroTomo VII. Pag. 251-254

228 Moz Ag 1
80 years Ayavaca
~3 Moz/year
Hualgayoc
Balzas
Huallanca
Chiquian Yanacancha
Churin C° Pasco
Emancipación (1821 - 1824)
Yauly
Paucarbamba
Luricocha
Lircay
60 Ayacucho
Curahuasi
51 Castrovirreyna Ayapata
Ferrocarril 1870
50 San Juan Coporaque
Orcopampa Lampa
Caylloma
40 Chuquibamba Puno
33
29 Juli
30 25 26 25
21
20 17
10
1. Boggio, M.1997. El Oro en el perú. El Perú MineroTomo VII. Pag. 251-254

2,157 Moz Ag 1,2

90 years
~24 Moz/year
Hualgayoc
Balzas
Quiruvilca
Huallanca
Raura Cerro de Pasco
Uchucchacua Colquijirca
700
Milpo-Atacocha
575 San Cristobal

600 Huaron
Yauricocha Paucarbamba
500 Casapalca
San Genaro Cobriza
393 Ayacucho
400 Raul-Condestable
354 Castrovirreyna
Julcani
300 Sn Jn Lucanas Selene
217 Arcata
181 Lampa
200 147 131 Orcopampa
98 Chuquibamba Caylloma
100 61
Cuajone+Toquepala
0
2,030 Moz Ag 1,2

22 years
92 Moz/year Tantahuatay
La Zanja
Yanacocha 34 Moz
Sipan La Arena
Quiruvilca
Alto Chicama
Santa Rosa Pierina Antamina

Raura Cerro de Pasco
140 Huaron
126
Milpo+Atacocha
San Cristobal >80 Moz
119 118
120
117 Casapalca
112 113
110 112
103
Yauricocha San Genaro
98
100 92 94 Cobriza
Condestable Julcani
83
78 Cerro Lindo
80 72
67 65
Tintaya
62 62 64
57 Selene
60 54 54
Pallancata Arcata
Ares
40 Orcopampa Arasi
Caylloma
20 Tukari
Cuajone
0
Toquepala
Statical Facts
World Silver Production 1980-2012
180 900
162 787.0
160 764.2 749.4 800
142
679.0
140 133 700
607.2
117
120 114
111
600
110
480.3 496.6 102

100 448.0 500
89
85
375.5 79
80 72
400
70
65
56 58
60 51
300
41
40 200
20 100
0 0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012
Mexico China Peru Australia

Russia Bolivia Poland Chile
United States Canada Others World Production
Silver Mines in Peru - 2013
Annual Production
Mines
<5
5-10
10-15
> 15
Quiruvilca
Antamina
18 Santa Luisa
Raura
16 Milpo, Atacocha
Cerro de Pasco
14 Mallay Animón
Huaron Americana Morococha
12 San Cristobal
Anticona Andaychagua
Carahuacra Yauricocha
10 Cobriza
Casapalca Julcani
8 118 Moz Cerro Lindo
6 Pallancata
Arcata
4 Caylloma
2
Cuajone
0 Toquepala
Future Silver Producers in Peru
Annual Production
Projects
<2
2-4
>4 Cañariaco (2019)
El Galeno (2015)
Shahuindo (2014)
San Luis (2017)

4.50 4.2
Alpamarca (2014)
4.00
3.5
3.50 Toromocho (2015)
3.00 2.7 2.7 2.7

2.50 Las Bambas (2014)
2.0 Corani (2015)
1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.9 Haquira (2015)
2.00
1.50 Inmaculada Constancia (2015)

(2014) Crespo (2015)
1.00
0.50 Chucapaca
(2016)
0.00
Quellaveco (2016)
Mines and Future Silver
Producers in Peru
Mines Projects
Production Million Onces
of Fine Silver
Cañariaco (2019)
<2
El Galeno (2015)
2-10
Shahuindo (2014)
10-15
Quiruvilca
> 15 Antamina
San Luis (2017) Raura
Milpo, Atacocha
Uchucchacua Alpamarca (2014)
Mallay Animón
18 Huaron Americana
Anticona Toromocho (2015)

16
Carahuacra Yauricocha
14 Cobriza
Las Bambas (2014)
12 Cerro Lindo
Julcani Corani (2015)
10
Haquira (2015)
8
Inmaculada Constancia (2015)
6 (2014) Crespo (2015)
Caylloma
4
Chucapaca
2 (2016)
0 Quellaveco
Toquepala (2016)
Peruvian Silver Belts
Main Silver Belts, Mines and
Projects in Peru
Mines Projects
Production Onces of
Fine silver
Cañariaco (2019)
0
El Galeno (2015)
< 100
Shahuindo (2014)
100-400
400-600
Antamina
> 600 San Luis (2017)
Uchucchacua Alpamarca (2014)

Metallogenic belts
Huaron
Miocene epithermal deposits belt Toromocho (2015)
Casapalca Yauricocha
Miocene skarn, porphyry replacement & vein deposits belt Cobriza
Julcani Las Bambas (2014)
Cerro Lindo
Corani (2015)
Haquira (2015)
Pallancata
Deposit types Inmaculada Constancia (2015)
(2014) Crespo (2015)
HS Epithermal Skarn, replacement & vein deposits
Caylloma
IS Epithermal IOCG Chucapaca (2016)
LS Epithermal VMS Quellaveco (2016) Toquepala
Porphyry Others
Main Silver Belts, Mines and
Projects in Peru
Mines Projects
Production Onces of
Fine silver Porphyry
0 0.1-6.2 g/t Ag
< 100
100-400
HSE
1.6-159 g/t Ag
400-600
> 600
Metallogenic belts
SRVD
5.5-697 g/t Ag
Miocene epithermal deposits belt
Miocene skarn, porphyry replacement & vein deposits beltRaul-Condestable LSE
28-183 g/t Ag
ISE
Deposit types 7.5-582 g/t Ag
HS Epithermal (HSE) Skarn, replacement & vein deposits (SRVD)
IS Epithermal (ISE) IOCG Porphyry
LS Epithermal (LSE) VMS 1.2-5 g/t Ag
Porphyry Others
Peruvian Silver Production by Deposit Types
140
HS Epithermal
Deposit types
Orogenic Gold 126
IS Epithermal
HSLSEpithermal
Epithermal Skarn, replacement & vein deposits
120 Skarn, replacement & vein deposits
Porphyry
IS Epithermal IOCG
IOCG
LS VMS
Epithermal VMS
100
Porphyry Others
80
60
40
20
0
Historic Cumulative Silver
Production in Peru
Total Production in Peru 2,724 Moz

49%
5,565 Moz (100%)
Hualgayoc 315 Moz
Production from main silver belts Yanacocha 34 Moz
5,275 Moz (95%)
Quiruvilca 108 Moz
Other non-Ag belts: 290 Moz (5%)
Antamina 148 Moz
Million Onces Mines Raura >44Moz Cerro de Pasco >355 Moz
of Fine Silver
Uchucchacua 181 Moz Colquijirca 106 Moz
< 100 Milpo+Atacocha 222 Moz
San Cristobal >80 Moz
200-100 Huaron 155 Moz
300-200 Casapalca 198 Moz

Yauricocha > 70 Moz 2551 Moz
San Genaro > 60Moz Julcani 101 Moz 46%
> 300
Selene >17 Moz
Pallancata 47 Moz
Metallogenic belts Sn Jn Lucanas > 35 Moz
Arcata 173 Moz
Ares >26 Moz
Orcopampa > 70 Moz
Miocene epithermal belt Caylloma 166 Moz
Cuajone+Toquepala
Miocene skarn, replacement & vein deposits 96 Moz
Paleocene-Eocene porphyry belt
Peruvian Silver Production 1986-2025
actual forecast
Chucapaca
Quellaveco
Corani
Haquira
Toromocho San Luis
160 El Galeno
HS Epithermal 148
Deposit types
Orogenic Gold
Shahuindo
Inmaculada Cañariaco
HS IS Epithermal
Epithermal Las Bambas 144
140 Skarn, replacement & vein deposits Constancia
137
LS Epithermal 139
IS Epithermal IOCG
130
126
120 LS Epithermal VMS
Porphyry Others
118
100
80
60
40
20
0
Silver Resources and Reserves
in the Main Porphyry Belts in Peru
Total reported resources in Peru
7,012 Moz (100%)
Resources from main silver belts
4,818 Moz (69%)
Other Ag belts 1,526 Moz (22%)
Other non-Ag belts 668 Moz (9%)
3,124 Moz
Millions Onces of 45%
Mines Projects
Fine silver
0
< 100
300-100
> 300
407
6%
1,694 Moz
Metallogenic belts 24%
Miocene epithermal deposits belt
Miocene skarn, replacement & vein deposits
Eocene-Oligocene porphyry belt 1,119
Paleocene-Eocene porphyry belt 16%
Main Silver Resources and Reserves
in Peru (> 50 Moz)
Millions Onces of Tambo Grande

Mines Projects
Fine silver Cañariaco
Sinchao
< 50 Tantahuatay El Galeno
Yanacocha
50-100
300-100 Quiruvilca
800 > 300 Antamina
700 Pachapaqui
Uchuchacua
Iscaycruz Cerro de Pasco

600 Colquijirca
Huarón
Toromocho San Cristobal
500 Yauricocha
400 Cerro Lindo

Las Bambas Corani
300 Cellaccasa
Azuca Antapacay
Pallancata Constancia
200 Mina Justa
Inmaculada Arcata
Berenguela
100
Santa Ana
Quellaveco
0
Peru.
A mining country….
PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER
IN PERU: PAST, PRESENT
AND FUTURE
Jorge ACOSTA,
Alexander SANTISTEBAN, Dina HUANACUNI,
Michael VALENCIA & Eder VILLARREAL
PROGRAMA DE METALOGENIA
DIRECCIÓN DE RECURSOS MINERALES Y ENERGÉTICOS
Lima, Peru
May, 2014

Production of Gold and Silver in Peru - Past, Present and Future

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Production of Gold and Silver in Peru - Past, Present and Future

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PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER

IN PERU: PAST, PRESENT

• Resume of past production of gold an silver in Peru:

5.5 Moz Au1 Hualgayoc

Before to 1532 Contumazá

1. Boggio, M.1997. El Oro en el Perú. El Perú MineroTomo VII. Pag. 251-254

12.6 Moz Au 1,2

93.7 Moz Au 1,2

China Australia United States Russia South Africa

700 San Luis (2017)

Actual or Planned Annual

Deposit Types 0.3-9 g/t Au

Total Production in Peru

Million Onces Pierina >5 Moz

(tomado de Jeffrey Colquijirca

1. Boggio, M.1997. El Oro en el Perú. El Perú MineroTomo VII. Pag. 251-254

1. Boggio, M.1997. El Oro en el perú. El Perú MineroTomo VII. Pag. 251-254

2,157 Moz Ag 1,2

575 San Cristobal

2,030 Moz Ag 1,2

Santa Rosa Pierina Antamina

480.3 496.6 102

Mexico China Peru Australia

San Luis (2017)

3.00 2.7 2.7 2.7

1.50 Inmaculada Constancia (2015)

Anticona Toromocho (2015)

Uchucchacua Alpamarca (2014)

LS Epithermal VMS Quellaveco (2016) Toquepala

Total Production in Peru 2,724 Moz

300-200 Casapalca 198 Moz

Millions Onces of Tambo Grande

800 > 300 Antamina

Iscaycruz Cerro de Pasco

400 Cerro Lindo

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