Final Activity Step 5 Group 203058 63

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA - UNAD
ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS, TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA

TEORIA ELECTROMAGNETICA Y ONDAS
Periodo– 2018/02
Final Activity
STEP 5
Delivered by:
Hernán Albeiro Hoyos Bustamante

Code: 70327386
Luis Fernando Calle Jaramillo
Code: 15511070
Victor Everson Ruiz Cañaveral
Code: 71336408
Ronald Israel Vargas
Code: 71366536
Group: 203058_63
Presented to:
William Mauricio Saenz

Tutor
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

PERIOD 2018
DECEMBER
Periodo– 2018/02
INTRODUCTION
The British physicist James Clerk Maxwell established the theory of electromagnetic
waves in a series of articles published in the 1860s. Maxwell mathematically
analyzed the theory of electromagnetic fields and stated that visible light was an
electromagnetic wave.
Physicists knew since the beginning of the nineteenth century that light propagates
as a transverse wave (a wave in which vibrations are perpendicular to the direction
of advance of the wave front). However, they assumed that light waves required
some material medium to transmit, so they postulated the existence of a diffuse
substance, called ether, which was the unobservable medium.
Maxwell's theory made this assumption unnecessary, but the concept of ether was
not immediately abandoned, because it fitted in with the Newtonian concept of an
absolute framework of spatio-temporal reference.
A famous experiment carried out by the American physicist Albert Abraham

Michelson and the chemist of the same nationality Edward Williams Morley at the
end of the 19th century undermined the concept of the ether, and was very important
in the development of the theory of relativity.
From this work he concluded that the speed of electromagnetic radiation in vacuum
is an invariant quantity, which does not depend on the speed of the radiation source
or the observer.
Periodo– 2018/02
DEVELOPING
Activities to develop
In this activity, the group will have to solve some practical problems using as a
reference the following image.
Retrieved from: http://www.scientechworld.com/education-software-training-and-skill-

development/wireless-communication/understanding-wireless-sensor-network
Taking into account the image, solve the following problems:

Periodo– 2018/02
HERNAN ALBEIRO HOYOS BUSTAMANTE
Problemas 1 – 2 y 5
1. If the signal frequency used to send the sensed parameters from the
water monitoring system to the reception point is 5,2MHz. how deep
could the wireless transmitter be placed? How does the water behave at
this frequency? Find 𝚼, 𝜶, 𝜷, 𝝀 and 𝒗𝒑 . Explain how these values could
be used in the practice.
We first describe:
Frequency: 5,2 ∗ 10 Hz = 5,2 MHz
Refraction index for water: 1.3333
With this data we can find the speed of the phase, in this case we use the refractive
index of the water because we do not have the permeability data.
We can also take into account the constants of permeability, permittivity and
conductivity to find the values.
 𝜎 = 1 ∗ 10
 𝜖 = 80
 𝜇 = 0.9999
 𝑛 = 1.3333
For this process we use the following formulas:
1
𝑣 =
√𝜇𝜖
1
𝑣 =
(0.9999 ∗ 4𝜋𝑋10 )(80 ∗ 8,85𝑋10 )
𝑚
𝑣 = 3.35 ∗ 10
𝑠
Find the wavelength:
Periodo– 2018/02
𝑣
𝜆=
𝑓
𝑚
3.35 ∗ 10 𝑠
𝜆=
5.2 ∗ 10 𝐻𝑧
𝜆 = 6.44 𝑚
The constant or propagation:
2𝜋
𝛽=
𝜆
2𝜋
𝛽=
6.44 𝑚
𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝛽 = 0.97
𝑚
The attenuation constant is:
𝜎𝑛
𝛼=
2
(1 ∗ 10 ) ∗ (1.3333)
𝛼=
2
13333 ∗ 10
𝛼=
2
𝑁𝑝
𝛼 = 6.66 ∗ 10
𝑚
The propagation constant:
Υ = 𝑗𝜔 𝜇 𝜇 𝜖
Υ = 𝑗2𝜋 ∗ 5.2 ∗ 10 (0.9999 ∗ 4𝜋𝑋10 )(80 ∗ 8,85𝑋10 )
Υ = 0.97𝑗
With these results, we can calculate and answer the question:
How deep could the wireless transmitter be placed?
1
𝑆 =
𝛼
Periodo– 2018/02
1
𝑆 =
6.66 ∗ 10
𝑆 = 1501.5 𝑐𝑚 → 15.01 𝑚
𝑆 = 15.01 𝑚
The transmitter can be located maximum 15 meters under water, because to 15 m

approximately the signal begins to attenuate.
How does the water behave at this frequency? For this situation, in the image we
observe that it is fresh water, so the opposition of the resistance for the propagation
of the signal is not very high. On the contrary, if this scenario occurs in the sea where
the water is salty, the conditions change and it is more likely that if there is greater
resistance and the distance for the transmitter should be lower.
2. If the medium has the following electromagnetic characteristics: 𝝈 =

𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝑺𝒎 𝒎, 𝝐𝒓 = 𝟏 y 𝝁𝒓 = 𝟏. Find the losses per length unit, take into
account the given frequency for the signal, how long must travel the
signal to have more than 3dB of attenuation?
First we have to describe:
σ = (10)^(−3) S/m
𝜖𝑟 = 1
𝜇𝑟 = 1
𝑓 = 5,2𝑀𝐻𝑧
to find the time we must find:
ε = ε_r ∗ ε_0
ε = 1 ∗ 8,8541878176 ∗ 〖10〗^(−12) F/m
ε = 8,8541878176 ∗ 〖10〗^(−12) F/m

Periodo– 2018/02
Tan(δ) = б/ѡε
0.01S/m
Tan(δ) = = 3,4567
2 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 5,2 ∗ 10000000Hz ∗ 8,8542 ∗ 0.0000000000.1F/m
Tan(δ) = (0.01S/m)/(2 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 5,2 ∗ 10000000Hz ∗ 8,8542 ∗ 0.0000000000.1F/m)

= 3,4567
μ = μ_r μ_0
μ = 1 ∗ 4Π ∗ (10)^(−7) N/A^2
μ = 4 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 0.00000.1 N/A^2
𝛶 = √(𝑗ѡ𝜇(б + 𝑗ѡ𝜀))
𝛶= 𝑗2𝛱 ∗ 5,2 ∗ 106 𝐻𝑧 ∗ 4𝛱 ∗ 10−7𝑁/𝐴2 ∗ (10−3 𝑆/𝑚 + 𝑗2𝛱 ∗ 5,2 ∗ 106 𝐻𝑧 ∗ 8,8541878176 ∗ 10−12 𝐹/𝑚)
𝛾 = √(𝑗2 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 5,2 ∗ 10000000𝐻𝑧 ∗ 4 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 0.00000.1𝑁/𝐴^2 ∗ (0.01 𝑆/𝑚 + 𝑗2 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 5,2
∗ 10000000𝐻𝑧 ∗ 8,8541878176 ∗ (10)^(−12) 𝐹/𝑚))
𝛾 = 0.1242 + 0.1652𝑖
α = 0,1242Np/m
the signal to have more than 3dB attenuation, in a 3dB the power loss is half the
input power, that is, 50% of the initial power:
50% = (1 − 𝑒 ) ∗ 100%
50%
(1 − 𝑒 )=
100%
0.5
(1 − 𝑒 )=
1
(1 − 𝑒 ) = 0.5
After:
−𝑒 = 0,5 − 1
ln(𝑒 ) = ln(0,5)
Periodo– 2018/02
−2𝛼𝑥 = ln(0,5)
ln(0,5)
𝑥=−
2𝛼
ln(0,5)
𝑥=−
2 ∗ 0,1242𝑁𝑝/𝑚
𝑥 = 2,789𝑚
5. In the monitoring station, there is a radio transmitter connected to an

antenna having an impedance 𝟕𝟓 + 𝒋𝟑𝟓𝛀 with a 𝟔𝟎𝛀 coaxial cable. If the
𝟓𝟎𝛀 transmitter can deliver 30W when connected to a 𝟓𝟎𝛀 load, how
much power is delivered to the antenna?
( )
Pin 1 −
( )
( )
Pout2 = = ∗ Pin
( )
We replace values:
( )
Pin 1 − =0.991736
( )
75+𝑗35Ω
30= ∗ 0.991736=0.291687
75+𝑗35Ω
Periodo– 2018/02
LUIS FERNANDO CALLE JARAMILLO
Problemas 3 y 4
3. In the buildings have an intrinsic impedance of 𝜼𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝛀 and the signal

has a power of 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎𝑾/𝒎𝟐 . Fin the reflected and transmitted power to
the buildings.
to find the reflected and transmitted power we use the following equation.
with the intrinsic impedance we find the reflector coefficient
𝑛2 − 𝑛1
ℾ=
𝑛2 − 𝑛1
300 − 120𝜋
ℾ=
300 + 120𝜋
Periodo– 2018/02
ℾ = − 0.11 = 0.14 < 180°
the reflectance is equal to.
𝑅 = |ℾ| = 0.14 = 1.9 %
the transmittance is.
𝑇 = 1 + 𝑅 = 1 − 1.09 = 0.98 %
the reflected power is.
𝑚𝑤
|𝑃1 | = 𝑅 ∗ 𝑃𝑖
𝑚
𝑚𝑤 𝑚𝑤
|𝑃1 | = 4% ∗ 1000 = 40
𝑚 𝑚
𝑚𝑤
|𝑃1 | = 𝑅 ∗ 𝑃𝑖
𝑚
𝑚𝑤 𝑚𝑤
|𝑃1 | = 98 % ∗ 1000 = 98
𝑚 𝑚
Periodo– 2018/02
4. A near monitoring station has put 𝟕𝟓𝛀 coaxial transmission line with a
length of 20m and is terminated with an antenna of 𝟑𝟓 + 𝒋𝟕𝟖𝛀. If the
relative permittivity of the line is 2.56 and the frequency is 3GHz, find
the input impedance to the line, the reflection coefficient at the load, the
reflection coefficient at the input, and the SWR on the line.
Solution.
First, we calculate the reflection coefficient of the load.
𝑍𝑙 − 𝑍𝑜 35 + 78𝑗 − 75 421 2925

ℾ= = = + 𝑗
𝑍𝑙 + 𝑍𝑜 35 + 75𝑗 + 75 4546 4546
ℾ = 0.09260 + 0.6434𝑗
ℾ = 0.6500 /81.810°
The calculi of SWR It is done in the following way.
1 + |ℾ| 1 + 0.65
𝑆𝑊𝑅 = = = 4.714
1 − |ℾ| 1 − 0.65
We now calculate at a distance of 20 m.
ℾ1(20) = ℾ𝑒
We express length in terms of lambda to be able to cancel.
𝑐 3 ∗ 10 𝑚/𝑠
𝜆= =
𝑓 3 𝐺𝐻𝑍
passing meters to gigameters we have left

Periodo– 2018/02
0.3 𝐺
= 0.1
3𝐺
𝑙 = 20 𝑚 = 0.22 𝜆
𝜔 20 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 3 ∗ 10
𝛽= = = 200𝜋
𝑐 3 ∗ 10
The input impedance is.
𝑍𝐿 + 𝐽𝑍0 tan(𝛽𝑙)
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑍0
𝑍0 + 𝑗𝑍𝑙 tan(𝛽𝑙)
35 + 78𝑗 + 𝑗75 tan(200𝜋)

𝑍𝑖𝑛(20) = 75
75 + 𝑗(35 + 78𝑗)tan(200𝜋)
𝑍𝑖𝑛(20) = 35 + 78𝑗
𝑍𝑖𝑛(20) = 85.4926 /65.833°

Periodo– 2018/02
VICTOR EVERSON RUIZ CAÑAVERAL
Problemas 1 y 3
1. If the signal frequency used to send the sensed parameters from the
water monitoring system to the reception point is 5,2MHz. How deep
could the wireless transmitter be placed? How does the water behave at
this frequency? Find 𝚼, 𝜶, 𝜷, 𝝀 and 𝒗𝒑 . Explain how these values could be
used in the practice.
The signal frequency 𝐟 = 𝟓. 𝟐𝐌𝐇𝐳

Periodo– 2018/02
Finding the lost tangents:
The medium:
Formula freshwater conductivity: σ = 1 ∗ 10 S/m
w = 2πf = 2π(5.2 ∗ 10 )
Electric permitting: 𝜀 = 80 ∗ ∗ 10
𝛔 ∗
𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝛅) = 𝐰𝛆 = = 0.043
( . ∗ ) ∗ ∗
With this frequency, water is a good insulator with low losses
equation Propagation constant:
γ = jw√με = γ = j2π ∗ 5.2 ∗ = γ = 0.97

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
constant phase: β = w√με = 0.97 rad/m
∗
its intrinsic impedance: ƞ = = ƞ= = ƞ = 42.14Ω
∗ ∗
Dimmer constant:
ƞ ∗ .
Ecuation: α = = = 21.07 ∗ 10 Np/m
its wavelength: λ = = = 6.45 m

. /
Periodo– 2018/02
. ∗ /
Its phase speed: V = = . /
= 33544726 km/s
Your depth of penetration: δ = = = 47 m

. ∗ /
The signal is attenuated in 47 m the inlamabric transmitter has to be within that
disatancia.
3. In the buildings have an intrinsic impedance of 𝜼𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝛀 and the signal
has a power of 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝒎𝑾/𝒎𝟐 . Fin the reflected and transmitted power to the
buildings.
Transmitted and reflected power equation
ℾ= ℾ= ℾ = − 0.11 = 0.14 < 180°
Its reflectance is: 𝑅 = |ℾ| = 0.14 = 𝑅 = 1.9 %
Its transmittance is 𝑇 = 1 + 𝑅 = 𝑇 =1 − 1.09 = 0.98 %
Power to the buildings:
formula 1 : |𝑃1 | = 𝑅 ∗ 𝑃𝑖 =4% ∗ 1000 = 40
formula 2: |𝑃1 | = 𝑅 ∗ 𝑃𝑖 = |𝑃1 | = 98 % ∗ 1000 = 98

Periodo– 2018/02
RONALD ISRAEL VARGAS
Problemas 1 y 2
1. If the signal frequency used to send the sensed parameters from the water
monitoring system to the reception point is 5,2MHz. how deep could the
wireless transmitter be placed? How does the water behave at this
frequency? Find Υ, 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝜆 and 𝑣𝑝. Explain how these values could be used
in the practice.
𝑓 = 5.2𝑀𝐻𝑧
To solve the exercise initially, a tangent of loss is determined to classify the medium:
𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑐𝑒 𝜎 = 1 ∗ 10 𝑆/𝑚
𝑤 = 2𝜋𝑓 = 2𝜋(5.2 ∗ 10 )
1
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑒𝑙é𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝜀 = 80 ∗ ∗ 10
36𝜋
𝜎 1 ∗ 10
tan(𝛿 ) = = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟑
𝑤𝜀 2𝜋(5.2 ∗ 10 )80 ∗ 1 ∗ 10
36𝜋
According to the result, water is classified as a dielectric with low losses, so at that
frequency it behaves as a good insulator.
Parameters:
Propagation constant
𝛾 = 𝑗𝑤 𝜇𝜀
𝐻 1 𝐹
𝛾 = 𝑗2𝜋 ∗ 5.2 ∗ 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑔 4𝜋 ∗ 10 ∗ 80 ∗ ∗ 10
𝑚 36𝜋 𝑚
𝜸 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟒𝒋
Periodo– 2018/02
Phase constant
𝛽 = 𝑤 𝜇𝜀 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟕𝟒 𝒓𝒂𝒅/𝒎
Intrinsic impedance
𝜇
ƞ=
𝜀
𝐻
4𝜋 ∗ 10
ƞ= 𝑚
1 𝐹
80 ∗ ∗ 10
36𝜋 𝑚
ƞ = 𝟒𝟐. 𝟏𝟒Ω
Dimmer constant
𝑆𝑚
𝜎ƞ 10 𝑚 ∗ 42.14 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟕 ∗ 𝟏𝟎 𝟑 𝑵𝒑/𝒎
𝛼= =
2 2
Wavelength
2𝜋 2𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝜆= = = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟓 𝒎
𝛽 0.974 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑚
Phase speed
𝑤 2𝜋(5.2 ∗ 10 ) 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑔
𝑉 = = = 𝟑𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟒𝟕𝟐𝟔 𝒌𝒎/𝒔
𝛽 0.974 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑚
Depth of penetration
1 1
𝛿 = = = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟒𝟔 𝒎
𝛼 21.07 ∗ 10 𝑁𝑝/𝑚
Periodo– 2018/02
Since the signal attenuates at almost 47m, the wireless transmitter must be within
this distance in order to send a signal.
In practice these values can be used to know the characteristics of electromagnetic

waves and allow applications in telecommunications, science and technology.
2. If the medium has the following electromagnetic characteristics:

𝜎=10−3𝑆𝑚𝑚 , 𝜖𝑟=1 y 𝜇𝑟=1. Find the losses per length unit, take into account
the given frequency for the signal, how long must travel the signal to have
more than 3dB of attenuation?
𝜎
tan 𝛿 =
𝜔𝜖
10
tan 𝛿 =
1
2𝜋 ∗ 5.2 ∗ 10 ∗ ∗ 10 ∗ (1)
36𝜋
tan 𝛿 = 0.3
𝜎
𝜖𝑟 =
𝜔
10
𝜖𝑟 =
2𝜋 ∗ 5.2 ∗ 10
𝜖𝑟 = 3.060 ∗ 10
𝜖𝑟
𝜖=
tan 𝛿
3.060 ∗ 10
𝜖=
0.3
𝜖 = 1.02 ∗ 10
Propagation constant
y = 𝑗𝜔 𝜇 𝜇 𝜖
y = 𝑗 ∗ 2𝜋 ∗ 5.2 ∗ 10 (4𝜋 ∗ 10 ) ∗ (1) ∗ (1.02 ∗ 10 − 𝑗3.060 ∗ 10 )

Periodo– 2018/02
y = 𝑗 ∗ 2𝜋 ∗ 5.2 ∗ 10 1.282 ∗ 10 − 𝑗3.845 ∗ 10 )
y = 𝑗 ∗ 2𝜋 ∗ 5.2 ∗ 10 ∗ (1.633 ∗ 10 − 𝑗1.177 ∗ 10 )
y = 0.384 + 𝑗0.533
Dimmer constant
𝛼 = 0.0188 Nep/m
% losses = 1 − e
% losses = 3.70%
The attenuation is calculated in decibels
𝛼 / = −8.68 𝛼
𝛼 / = −0.164
To have an attenuation greater than 3db the signal must travel a distance of
𝛼 /X = −3db
−3𝑑𝑏
X=
𝛼 /
−3𝑑𝑏
X=
−0.164
X = 18.34𝑚
Periodo– 2018/02
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the previous work, we can know more in detail through the definitions
acquired, the behavior of light and refractive angles and the applications and
resources that it has in our lives. They also help us contribute ideas and information
to our course (electromagnetic theory) that details the work functions and the
contribution to this and the quality of life that is part of it.
Periodo– 2018/02
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Chen, W. (2005). The Electrical Engineering Handbook. Boston: Academic
Press, 525-551. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/log
in.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=117152&lang=es&site=ehost-
live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_525
 Joines, W. T., Bernhard, J. T., & Palmer, W. D. (2012). Microwave

Transmission Line Circuits. Boston: Artech House, 23-68. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2051/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=7
53581&lang=es&site=eds-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_23
 Hierauf, S. C. (2011). Understanding Signal Integrity. Boston: Artech House,

Inc. Chapter 6, 7, 11. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2051/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=3
45692&lang=es&site=eds-live&ebv=EB&ppid=pp_49
 Impedance Matching Networks. (2001). Radio-Frequency & Microwave

Communication Circuits, 146-188. Retrieved from
http://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:2051/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aci&AN=145
28229&lang=es&site=eds-live
 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation. (2003). Fixed Broadband Wireless. 25-

70. Retrieved from
in.aspx?direct=true&db=aci&AN=14505422&lang=es&site=ehost-live
Periodo– 2018/02

Press, 519-524. Retrieved from

Press. 513-519. Retrieved from
 Gutiérrez, W. (2017). Loss Tangent [Video]. Retrieved from

http://hdl.handle.net/10596/13139

Final Activity Step 5 Group 203058 63

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Final Activity Step 5 Group 203058 63

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA - UNAD

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS, TECNOLOGÍA E INGENIERÍA

TEORIA ELECTROMAGNETICA Y ONDAS

Hernán Albeiro Hoyos Bustamante

William Mauricio Saenz

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

A famous experiment carried out by the American physicist Albert Abraham

Retrieved from: http://www.scientechworld.com/education-software-training-and-skill-

Taking into account the image, solve the following problems:

HERNAN ALBEIRO HOYOS BUSTAMANTE

Frequency: 5,2 ∗ 10 Hz = 5,2 MHz

Refraction index for water: 1.3333

For this process we use the following formulas:

The constant or propagation:

Υ = 𝑗2𝜋 ∗ 5.2 ∗ 10 (0.9999 ∗ 4𝜋𝑋10 )(80 ∗ 8,85𝑋10 )

With these results, we can calculate and answer the question:

How deep could the wireless transmitter be placed?

The transmitter can be located maximum 15 meters under water, because to 15 m

2. If the medium has the following electromagnetic characteristics: 𝝈 =

First we have to describe:

to find the time we must find:

ε = 1 ∗ 8,8541878176 ∗ 〖10〗^(−12) F/m

ε = 8,8541878176 ∗ 〖10〗^(−12) F/m

Tan(δ) = (0.01S/m)/(2 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 5,2 ∗ 10000000Hz ∗ 8,8542 ∗ 0.0000000000.1F/m)

μ = 4 ∗ 3.14 ∗ 0.00000.1 N/A^2

5. In the monitoring station, there is a radio transmitter connected to an

LUIS FERNANDO CALLE JARAMILLO

3. In the buildings have an intrinsic impedance of 𝜼𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝛀 and the signal

with the intrinsic impedance we find the reflector coefficient

ℾ = − 0.11 = 0.14 < 180°

the reflectance is equal to.

𝑅 = |ℾ| = 0.14 = 1.9 %

the transmittance is.

the reflected power is.

First, we calculate the reflection coefficient of the load.

𝑍𝑙 − 𝑍𝑜 35 + 78𝑗 − 75 421 2925

The calculi of SWR It is done in the following way.

We now calculate at a distance of 20 m.

We express length in terms of lambda to be able to cancel.

passing meters to gigameters we have left

The input impedance is.

35 + 78𝑗 + 𝑗75 tan(200𝜋)

𝑍𝑖𝑛(20) = 85.4926 /65.833°

VICTOR EVERSON RUIZ CAÑAVERAL

The signal frequency 𝐟 = 𝟓. 𝟐𝐌𝐇𝐳

Finding the lost tangents:

Formula freshwater conductivity: σ = 1 ∗ 10 S/m

With this frequency, water is a good insulator with low losses

equation Propagation constant:

γ = jw√με = γ = j2π ∗ 5.2 ∗ = γ = 0.97

constant phase: β = w√με = 0.97 rad/m

its wavelength: λ = = = 6.45 m

Your depth of penetration: δ = = = 47 m

The signal is attenuated in 47 m the inlamabric transmitter has to be within that

3. In the buildings have an intrinsic impedance of 𝜼𝟐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝛀 and the signal

Transmitted and reflected power equation

ℾ= ℾ= ℾ = − 0.11 = 0.14 < 180°

Its reflectance is: 𝑅 = |ℾ| = 0.14 = 𝑅 = 1.9 %

Its transmittance is 𝑇 = 1 + 𝑅 = 𝑇 =1 − 1.09 = 0.98 %

Power to the buildings:

formula 1 : |𝑃1 | = 𝑅 ∗ 𝑃𝑖 =4% ∗ 1000 = 40

formula 2: |𝑃1 | = 𝑅 ∗ 𝑃𝑖 = |𝑃1 | = 98 % ∗ 1000 = 98

RONALD ISRAEL VARGAS

𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑢𝑎 𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑐𝑒 𝜎 = 1 ∗ 10 𝑆/𝑚