Outline

 Density, specific weight, specific gravity,

specific volume
 Viscosity
 Compressibility
 Surface tension
 Vapor pressure
Density
The density of a fluid is its mass per unit
volume. It is denoted by the Greek symbol ρ
kg
ρ water= 1000 kg/m3
ρ= m
kg/m3 V m3 ρair = 1.2 kg/m3

If the density is constant (most liquids),

the flow is incompressible.
If the density varies significantly (e.g. some
gas flows), the flow is compressible.
(Although gases are easy to compress, the flow may be treated
as incompressible if there are no large pressure fluctuations)
 Density

 How does temperature

change density?
 Densities of fluids
decrease with temperature
 How does pressure change density?
 Densities of gasses increase with pressure
 Densities of liquids are nearly constant
(incompressible) for constant temperature