2
• n{oLk nkuçkkheLk :
Computer
• Computer þçËyu Compute þçË W5hLke çkLku÷ Au. su yuf ÷urxLk
þçË Au.
• To Compute þçËLkku yÚko ÚkkÞ Au økýíkhe fhðe.
• ComputerLkku yÚko ÚkkÞ Au økýíkhe fhLkkh Þtºk yÚkðk {kLkð.
(History) RríknkMk
• «k[eLkfk¤{kt {Lkw»Þ 5ÚÚkh yÚkðk yLÞ fkuE ðMíkw îkhk økýíkhe
fhíkku níkku. R.Mk. Ãkqðo 300{kt [eLk{kt yçkkfMk fheLku «Úk{ økýíkhe
fhðk çkLkkÔÞwt. su{kt økwýkfkh, ¼køkkfkh, Mkhðk¤k, çkkËçkkfe ÚkE
þfíkk níkkt.
• íÞkhçkkË ½ýk ð»kkuo çkkË R.Mk. 1617{kt Mfkux÷uLzLkk økrýíkþkMºke
yuðk ßnkuLk LkuÃkÞeh îkhk çku ÃkèeLkku WÃkÞkuøk fhe økwýkfkh,
¼køkkfkh, Mkhðk¤k, çkkËçkkfe {kxu Þtºk çkLkkððk{kt ykÔÞwt. yk
Þtºk{kt nkzfkLkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkÞku nkuðkLkk fkhýu íkuLku LkuÃÃkeh çkkuLkMk
fnuðk{kt ykðu Au. yk LkuÃÃkeh çkkuLMk{kt 0 Úke 9 ytfkuLkku W5Þkuøk
fhðk{kt ykÔÞku níkku.
• R.Mk. 1920{kt LkuÃÃkeh çkkuLMk ÃkhÚke «uhýk ÷E rð÷eÞ{ ykurzÙz îkhk
M÷kEzY÷Lke h[Lkk fhðk{kt ykðe. suLkku WÃkÞkuøk Ãký Mkhðk¤k,
çkkËçkkfe, økwýkfkh, ¼køkkfkh {kxu ÚkÞku níkku.
• R.Mk. 1642{kt £kLMkLkk ði¿kkrLkf ç÷uRÍ 5kMf÷ îkhk íkuLkk rÃkíkk fu su
yuf xufMk ykurVMkh níkk íku{Lku økýíkhe fhðk{kt Ãkzíke íkf÷eV Ëqh
fhðk yuf r{fuLkef Þtºk çkLkkððk{kt ykÔÞwt, suLku ÃkkMfk÷kELk Lkk{Lke
yku¤¾ðk{kt ykÔÞwt, su ËwrLkÞkLkwt «Úk{ r{furLkf÷ fuÕÞw÷uxh íkhefu
yku¤¾kÞ Au.
• R.Mk. 1822{kt fuBçkeÍ ÞwrLkðrMkoxe{kt økrýíkþkMºke yuðk ÷tzLkLkk
ði¿kkrLkf [kÕMko çkuçkuÍ îkhk økýíkhe{kt Ãkzíke íkf÷eVku Ëqh fhðk {kxu
1822{kt «Úk{ yuf rzVLMk yuLSLk çkLkkððk{kt ykÔÞwt.
• íÞkhçkkË R.Mk. 1833{kt yk yurLsLk{kt MkwÄkhk-ðÄkhk fhe
yuLkk÷exef (Analytic Enginee)Lke þkuÄ fhe. yk Analytic
Enginee{kt Input out, Process yLku Output yuðe ík{k{ «r¢Þk
çkkË Output {¤íkwt níkwt.
• yk{, Analytic Engine yu yksLkk s{kLkkLkk Computer suðe
«r¢Þk WÃkh ykÄkrhík nkuÞ íku ËwrLkÞkLkwt «Úk{ r{fuLkef÷ fkuBÃÞwxh
çkLÞwt, yk{, [kÕMko çkuçkusLku fkuBÃÞwxh søkíkLkk rÃkíkk íkhefu
yku¤¾ðk{kt ykðu Au.
• Agusta Ada fu su [kÕMko çkuçkusLkk rðãkŠÚkLke níkk. íkuykuyu yk
Analytic Engine {kt Ãkt[fkzo{kt WÃkÞkuøk fhe yuf Program çkLkkÔÞku,
yk{ Augusta Ada yu Computer søkík{kt «Úk{ Computer
Programmer çkLÞk níkk.
• Agusta Ada yu çkkÞLkhe yktf (0,1) Lkk þkuÄf Ãký {LkkÞ Au.
French ði¿kkrLkf - Gottfried Leibniz
yuf y{urhfLk ði¿kkrLkf îkhk R÷uõxÙku-r{fuLkef xuçÕÞwþuLk {þeLk{kt
Ãkt[fkzo{kt WÃkÞkuøk fhe Þw.yuMk.yu. Lke ykþhu 6 fhkuz sux÷e ðMíke
økýíkhe fhðk{kt ykðe níke. yk ðMíkeøkýíkheLkk Data Lku Mktøkún
fhðk {kxu íÞkhçkkË yuf ftÃkLke çkLkkððk{kt ykðe níke. yk ftÃkLkeLkwt
Lkk{ International Business Machine hk¾ðk{kt ykÔÞwt. su IBM
Lkk xqtfk Lkk{u òýeíke çkLke.
fkuBÃÞwxhLke ÃkuZeyku
(1) «Úk{ ÃkuZe : (First Generation) R.Mk. 1942-1955
- ðuõÞw{ xâwçkLkku WÃkÞkuøk fhðk{kt ykÔÞku.
- ykþhu 20,000 sux÷k ðuõÞw{ xâwçkLkku WÃkÞkuøk fhðk{kt ykÔÞku.
- yk {þeLk [k÷w fhðk 130 KW Lke ðes¤eLke sYh Ãkzíke níke.
- ðsLk{kt ¼khu
- ðÄw økh{e WíÃkÒk fhíkk níkk. Xtzk fhðk Cooling FanLke sYh Ãkzíke.
- Input íkhefu Ãkt[fkzo
- Output íkhefu Ãkt[fkzo
- {þeLk ÷Uøðus yLku yuMkuBçk÷e ÷utøðusLkku WÃkÞkuøk Úkíkku níkku.
• þkuÄf : ßnkuLk {ku[÷e yLku ykufxo
• Computer Lkwt Lkk{ :
1. ENIAC (Electronic Numerial Integrator and Computor)
2. UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)
(2) çkeS ÃkuZe : (Second Generation) : E.Mk. 1955-1964
- E.Mk. 1948{kt rðr÷Þ{ Mkkuf÷e îkhk xÙkLÍeMxh þkuÄ fhðk{kt ykðe.
- suLkku WÃkÞkuøk çkeS ÃkuZeLkk fkuBÃÞwxh{kt ÚkÞku.
• rðþu»kíkk :
- fË{kt LkkLkk níkk.
- Úkkuzk ÍzÃke, ®f{ík{kt ykuAk níkk.
- ykuAe ðesþÂõíkLkku WÃkÞkuøk fhíkk níkk.
- Mktøkúnf íkhefu {uøLkuxef zeMfLkku WÃkÞkuøk Úkíkku níkku.
- Fortrun, COBOL suðe ¼k»kkLkku WÃkÞkuøk [k÷w ÚkÞku níkku.
(3) ºkeS ÃkuZe : (Third Generation) : 1965-1974
- suf fuÕçke îkhk Integrated Circuit (IC) Lke þkuÄ ÚkE.
- yk{ ºkeS ÃkuZeLkk Computers {kt IC Lkku WÃkÞkuøk Úkíkku níkku. IC {kt
rMkr÷fkuLkLkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au.
• rðþu»kíkk :
- ÍzÃke, ®f{ík{kt MkMíkk, ðsLk{kt n÷fk yLku ykuAe ðes¤eLkku
WÃkÞkuøk fhíkk níkk.
- Time Sharing Operating SystemLkku WÃkÞkuøk fhíkk níkk. yk{,
Operating System Lkku y{÷ yk ÃkuZeÚke þY ÚkÞku.
- High Level Lke Language Lkku WÃkÞkuøk þY ÚkÞku.
- Ex : IBM 160, IBM 370 ...
 3

(4) [kuÚke ÃkuZe : (Fourth Generation) 1975 - nk÷ MkwÄe Type of Computer
- LSI (Large Scale Integration) yLku VLSI (Very Large
Scale Integration) Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkÞku. suLku Micro Processor 1. Analog Computer :
fnuðk{kt ykðu Au. - yktfzk, ftÃkLk ðøkuhuLku ykÄkhu fk{ fhíkk Computer Lku Analog
• rðþu»kíkk : Computer fnu Au.
- ¾qçk s LkkLkk fË{kt, ÍzÃke, ¾qçk s ykuAe ðes ðÃkhkþ fhíkk níkk. - W.Ëk. rMkM{kuøkúkV, MÃkezku{exh
- Multi Processing OS yLku GUI (Graphical User Interface) Lkku
WÃkÞkuøk þY ÚkÞku.
- High Level Language suðe C, C++, Java Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkÞku. 2. Digital Computer :
- {kE¢ku fkuBÃÞwxh, ÷uÃkxkuÃk ðøkuhuLke þYykík ÚkE. - yk Computer çkkÞLkhe ytf WÃkh s fk{ fhu Au.
- W.Ëk. nk÷{kt ðÃkhkíkk PC, Laptop
(5) Ãkkt[{e ÃkuZe (Fifth Generation) : ðíko{kLk Mk{Þ
- ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) yLku AI (Artificial 3. Hybrid Computer :
Intelligence) Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au.
- ¾qçk s ÍzÃke yLku çkwrØ (f]rºk{) Ähkðu Au. - yk Computer {kt Analog yLku Digital çktLkuLkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au.
- W.Ëk. Sofiya suðk ykÄwrLkf hkuçkxo - W.Ëk. ECG {þeLk, rzrsx÷ ðsLk fktxk, Digital Speedometer]

fË ykÄkrhík fkuBÃÞwxhLkk «fkh fkuBÃÞwxhLke ÷kûkrýfíkkyku

1. MkwÃkh fkuBÃÞwxh - Super Computer 1. fkuBÃÞwxh {wÏÞíðu Lke[u {wsçk ÷kûkrýfíkk Ähkðu Au su Mkk{kLÞ heíku
2. {uELk £uE{ fkuBÃÞwxh - Main Frame Computer {Lkw»Þ Ähkðíkku LkÚke.
3. {eLke fkuBÃÞwxh - Mini Computer 1) ÍzÃk
4. {kE¢ku fkuBÃÞwxh - Micro Computer 2) [kufMkkE
5. fkuLx{ fkuBÃÞwxh - Quantom Computer
3) MktøkúnþÂõík
4) yufMkqºkíkk
1. Super Computer :
- ¾qçk s ÍzÃke yLku Complex økýíkhe fhðk Super Computer 5) rðrðÄíkk
ðÃkhkÞ Au.
- fË yLku ®f{ík{kt ðÄw nkuÞ Au. • {ÞkoËkyku :
- E.Mk.1991{kt C-DAC îkhk «Úk{ MkwÃkh fkuBÃÞwxh Ãkh{ - 8000 - ÷køkýeþe÷ LkÚke.
çkLkkððk{kt ykÔÞwt níkwt. - rð[khe þfíkwt LkÚke.
- íÞkhçkkË BARC (Bhabha Atomic Research Center) îkhk yLkwÃk{ - ¾kuxku Data Center fhðkLke ¾kuxwt O/P {¤u Au.
çkLkkððk{kt ykÔÞwt. - Data : {kuxk ¼køku rçkLkWÃkÞkuøke yktfzk, MktÏÞkykuLku Data fnu Au.
- ËwrLkÞkLkwt «Úk{ Super Computer ¢u - IS Au. suLkwt rLk{koý - 50,100
E.Mk.1976{kt Þw.yuMk.yu.{kt ÚkÞwt níkwt.
- Information : Data WÃkh Process çkkË {¤íke Result Lku
Information fnuðk{kt ykðu Au.
(2) Main Frame
- 50 Mark, 100 Boys
- Railway Reservation, Income Tax Department {kt ykðk {kuxk
fËLkk Computers Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au.
Computer Architecture :
(3) Mini Computer
- E.Mk.1946{kt ðkuLk LÞw{uLk îkhk fkuBÃÞwxh ykŠfxufLke þkuÄ fhðk{kt
- {kuxe ftÃkLkeyku{kt ÍzÃke Server íkhefu WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au.
ykðe.
(4) Micro Computer
- nk÷Lkk Mk{Þ{kt ½h{kt ðÃkhkíkk PC, Laptop, PDA, Smart Phone • CPU
ðøkuhu Micro Computer Au. 1. ALU - Arithmetic & Logical Unit - økkrýíkef fkÞo fhðk
- {kE¢ku fkuBÃÞwxhLke ÍzÃk MIPS (Million of Instruction Per 2. CU - Control Unit - Computer Lkk ¼køkkuLkwt rLkÞ{Lk fhðk
Second) {kt {ÃkkÞ Au. 3. Register - CPU Lke Memory Au.
 4

• Memory : Input Devices

- {wÏÞ çku «fkh
1. Keyboard :
1. «kÚkr{f (Primary)
- Mkk{kLÞ heíku 104 Key nkuÞ Au.
2. rîíkeÞ (økkiý) (Secondary)
1. Alphabetic Key (A,B, .... Z)
2. Number Key (0, 1,.... 9)
(1) «kÚkr{f {u{he (Primary Memory)
3. Symbol Key (#, *, %, +, - , /)
- MkkiÚke yøkíÞLke {u{he Au. su{kt RAM yLku ROM Lkku Mk{kðuþ ÚkkÞ Au.
4. Special Key (Esc, Enter, Tab, Ctrl, Alt, Shift)
5. Function Key (F1,F2, F3, .... F12)
1. RAM : Random Access Memory Lkk çku «fkh Au.
- Tab - 5 MÃkuMk çkkh Akuzðk
1. DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)
- Esc - fkuE Process çktÄ fhðk
2. SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) - Delete - fMkohLke s{ýe çkkswLkk yktfzk ¼qtMkðk
- RAM yu yMÚkkÞe {u{he Au. - Backspace - fMkohLke zkçke çkkswLkk yktfzk ¼qtMkðk

2. ROM : Read Only Memory 2. Mouse :

- yk Memory MÚkkÞe Memory Au. su {wÏÞíðu ºký «fkhLke Au. - Pointing Device Au.
1. PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory - fMkohLke yuf søÞkÚke çkeS søÞkyu ÷E sðk.
2. EPROM - Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory - Double click - File fu FolderLku çku ð¾ík õ÷ef fhíkk File/Folder
3. EEPROM - Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Open ÚkkÞ Au.
Memory - Triple Clicky File/Folder/Rename ÚkkÞ Au.
• Cache Memory : {wÏÞ {u{he yLku CPU ðå[u Data Lke ykÃk-÷u - Drag yLku Drop - File fu Folder Lku yuf søÞkyuÚke çkeS søÞkyu
yk Memory îkhk ÚkkÞ Au. ÷E sðkLke r¢ÞkLku Drag yLku Drop fnu Au.
- Control Panel îkhk Mouse Lkwt Setting çkË÷e þfkÞ Au.
(3) Secondary Memory (økkiý Mktøkún þÂõík) - Optical Mouse MkkiÚke Mkkhk Mouse Au.
- Mkki «Úk{ Secondary Memory íkhefu Magnetic Tape Lkku WÃkÞkuøk
Úkíkku níkku. W.Ëk. swLkk Mk{ÞLke Audio Cassette 3. Scanner :
- Photograph Lku Digital Form {kt Vuhððk
(1) Magnetic Disk :
- Hard Disk - 10 MB to 65 TB 4. JoyStick :
- Floppy Disk - 1.44 MB Memory - Gaming {kxu ðÃkhkÞ Au.
- Portable Hard Disk
5. Light Pen :
(2) Optical Disk - CD, DVD, Blue Ray - Digital Sign fhðk.
- CD - Compact Disk - 650 MB MkwÄeLke Mktøkún þÂõík
- DVD - Digital Versatile Disc - 4.5 GB MkwÄeLke Memory 6. OCR :
- CD-R, CD-RW, CD-ROM, DVD-R, DVD-RW ðøkuhu{kt ykÞoLk - Optical Character Recognition
ykuõMkkEzLkwt Ãkz [zkðe Data Burn fhðkLke «r¢Þk îkhk CD-Write
fhðk{kt ykðu Au. 7. OMR :
- Blue Ray Disk - 25 GB to 50 GB MkwÄeLke Memory - Optical Mark Recognition
- Holographic Data Storage - Max. 4TB MkwÄeLke MktøkúnþÂõík
- CD>DVD>Blue Ray>Holographic Storage 8. MICR :
- Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
(3) Flash Memory :
- Pendrive, Micro SD ðøkuhu{kt fkzo{kt ðÃkhkíke Memory Lku Flash 9. Web Cam :
Memory fnuðk{kt ykðu Au. - Video Chat fhðk ðÃkhkÞ Au.
 5

Output Devices fkuBÃÞwxhLkk {wÏÞ ½xf

1. Printer : (1) Hardware :
- Printer {wÏÞ çku «fkhLkk nkuÞ Au. - fkuBÃÞwxhLkk yuðk ík{k{ ¼kiríkf ¼køk suLku MÃkþeo þfkÞ íkuLku
1. Impact Printer
Hardware fnu Au.
2. Non - Impact Printer
1. Impact Printer {kt Printing Ëhr{ÞkLk ðÄw yðks ÚkkÞ Au. - WËk. KBD, HDD, Monitor, Printer ðøkuhu ðøkuhu
- Dotmatric Printer : yk Pointer {kt Dots Lkk MðYÃk{kt Printing
ÚkkÞ Au. Speed Lku DPI (Dots Per Inch) {kt {ÃkkÞ Au. (2) Software :
- Daisy Wheel Printer ¾qçk s Äe{wt «eLxh Au. - Computer Lku ykÃku÷e Mkq[LkkLkk Mk{qnLku Software fnu Au.
- Line Printer : Drum ÃkhÚke Alphabets Print fhðk{kt ykðu Au. - Software {wÏÞ ºký «fkhLkk nkuÞ Au.
1) System Software
2. Non-Impact Printer :
2) Application Software
- Ink - Jet Printer :
yk Printer {kt fkŠxÍ yLku Colour Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au. 3) Utility Software
- Laser - Jet Printer :
- ÷uMkh xufLkku÷kìS, xkuLkh yLku ÃkkðzhLkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au. (1) System Software :
- Speed : 50 - 500 PPM - Computer User yLku Hardware [÷kðk {kxu su Software ðÃkhkÞ
- MkkiÚke ðÄw ÞkuøÞ Printer Au. Au íkuLku System Software fnu Au.

3. Monitor :
(2) Application Software :
- çkeswt Lkk{ VDU Au. Visual Display Unit
- User îkhk [ku¬Mk fkÞkuo fhðk Computer {kt Install fhðk{kt ykðíke
(1) CRT - Cathod Ray Tube
(2) LCD - Liquied Crystal Display Software Lku Application Software fnu Au.
(3) LED - Light Emitting Diode - Ex. MS-Office
(3) Utility Software :
4. Plotter : Lkfþk yLku {kuxk økúkVLke «eLx fkZðk WÃkÞkuøke Au. - Computer Lkk Maintance {kxu ðÃkhkíkk Software fnu Au.
5. Projector : Computer Screen Lku {kuxk ÃkËzk WÃkh òuðk. - WËk. WinZip, Disk Clean up, Antivirus Software

• Memory Management : Computer Languages

- 1 Bit = 0 or 1 Bit = Binary Digit - Computer MkkÚku fk{ fhðk ðÃkhkíke ¼k»kkLku Computer Lke
8 Bit = 1 Byte 4 Bit = 1 Nibble Language fnu Au.
8 Bit = 2 Nibble = 1 Byte
• {wÏÞ çku «fkh :
- 1024 Byte = 1 Kilo Byte = 210 Byte - High Level Language
1024 KB = 1 Mega Byte = 220 Byte - Low Level Language
1024 MB = 1 Giga Byte = 230 Byte
1024 GB = 1 Tera Byte = 240 Byte (1) Low Level Language :
1024 TB = 1 Pera Byte = 250 Byte - User {kxu þe¾ðe yLku Use fhðe ½ýe y½he ¼k»kk nkuÞ Au.
- Computer Lke ¼k»kkyu Machine Language Au. su 0 yLku 1 {wsçk
• Number System : Au. su «Úk{ ÃkuZeLkk Computer {kt ðÃkhkíke níke.
1. Binary : 0 yLku 1 - íÞkhçkkË Assembly ¼k»kkLkku WÃkÞkuøk þY ÚkÞku. su{kt Assember Lkku
2. Decimal - 0, 1, .... 9 WÃkÞkuøk Úkíkku níkku.
3. Octacal - 0,1, .... 7 - yk{, Machine Language yLku Assembly Language «Úk{
4. Hexadecimal - 0,1, .... 9, A,B,C,D,E,F ÃkuZeLkk Computer {kxu ðÃkhkíke níke.
 6

(2) High Level Language : • Folder :

- yk ¼k»kk{kt Compiler yLku Interpreter îkhk ykÃku÷k code Lku - By default Name - By Folder
Machine language {kt Vuhððk{kt ykðu Au. - htøk - Ãke¤ku,
- Compiler - yk¾k Program Lku yufeMkkÚku {þeLk ÷uøðus{kt fLðxo fhu. - çkeswt Lkk{ - Directory
yLku Interpreter yk¾k ProgramLke yuf-yuf ÷kELkLku çkË÷u Au. - {wÏÞ Folder - Parent Folder
- WËk. Fortran, COBOL, Basic, Logo, Algol, C, C++, Java ðøkuhu - ytËhLkk Folder - Sub Folder fnu Au.
• Firmware : • Recycle Bin :
- Hardware yLku Software Lkk r{©ýLku Firmware fnu Au. - Ëqh fhu÷e rçkLksYhe File/Folder Recycle Bin {kt ykðu Au.
- WËk. BIOS - Default Size : 10%
- File Lku nt{uþk {kxu Ëqh fhðk Empty Recycle fhíkk File nt{uþk {kxu
• Operating System (O.S.) Ëqh ÚkkÞ Au.
- yuf System Software Au su Hardware yLku User ðå[u Bridge Lkwt - Restore ykÃkíkk File ÃkkuíkkLkk Folder {kt {q¤ MÚkkLku ykðe òÞ Au.
fkÞo fhu Au.
• Notepad :
• O.S. Lkk «fkh : - Notepad yu Utility Program Au. suLkku WÃkÞkuøk LkkLkk Program
1. Single User Single Task - DOS ÷¾ðk ÚkkÞ Au.
2. Single User Multi Task - XP, Windows 7 - Extension : .txt
3. Multi User Multi Task - Servers - HTML Lkk Tag ðk¤e ¼k»kk ÷¾ðk WÃkÞkuøke Au.

• Driver : • Switch User :

- fkuBÃÞwxh{kt Install fhðk{kt ykðu÷k Hardware and Software ðå[u - [k÷w fk{ Ëhr{ÞkLk yuf Account {ktÚke çkeò Account{kt sðk
Bridge Lkwt fk{ fhu Au. {kxuLkwt Option Au.

• Windows : • Turn Off :

- fkuBÃÞwxh [k÷w fÞko çkkË Ëu¾kíke Screen Lku Windows fnu Au. - Computer Lku çktÄ fhðk {kxuLkw Option Au.

• Restart :
• Desktop yu {wÏÞ ºký ¼køk{kt ðnU[kÞu÷wt nkuÞ Au. - Computer Lku çktÄ fhe Vhe [k÷w fhðk Restart Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au.
(1)Wallpaper
(2) Icon • Computer {kt {wÏÞ çku «fkhLkk Account nkuÞ Au.
(3) Taskbar (1) Administrator : Full Access Ähkðu Au.
(2) Guest/Limited Account : Limited Access Ähkðu Au.
1. Wallpaper :
- Desktop {kt ykðu÷k Background Lku Wallpaper fnu Au. • Computer Network :
- ßÞkhu çku fu íkuÚke ðÄw Computer yÚkðk Device yufçkeò MkkÚku òuzkE
2. Icon : Au. íÞkhu íkuyku Network {kt òuzkÞu÷k Au íku{ fnuðkÞ.
- File fu Folder Lkk r[ºkkí{f hsqykíkLku Icon fnu Au.
• ¼kiøkkur÷f rðMíkhý «{kýu Network {wÏÞíðu ºký «fkhLkk nkuÞ Au.
(1) LAN
3. Taskbar :
(2) MAN
- Desktop Lkk MkkiÚke Lke[uLkk Bar Lku Taskbar fnu Au su ºký ¼køk{kt (3) WAN
ðnU[kÞu÷k Au.
(1) Start 1. LAN : Local Area Network
(2) Quick Launch Bar - yuf Y{, rçkÕzªøk fu {fkLk Ãkqhíkwt fhðk{kt ykðu Au.
(3) Notification Bar - 100 Meter MkwÄeLke Range nkuÞ Au.
- Mkk{kLÞ heíku ðÄw «{ký{kt WÃkÞkuøk{kt ÷uðkÞ Au.
 7

2. MAN : Metropolitan Area Network 3. Star Topology :

- yuf þnuhe rðMíkkh{kt Vu÷kÞu÷k Network Lku MAN fnu Au. - yk Topology {kt yuf {æÞMÚk Device îkhk ík{k{ Node yufçkeò
- yk Network ykþhu 50 KM {kt Vu÷kÞu÷ nkuÞ Au. MkkÚku òuzkÞu÷k nkuÞ Au.
- yk Network {kt yuf Device çktÄ Úkíkk Network çktÄ Úkíkwt LkÚke.
3. WAN : Wide Area Network Ãkhtíkw òu {æÞMÚk Device çktÄ ÚkkÞ íkku yk¾wt Network çktÄ ÚkE
- ¾qçk s rðþk¤ rðMíkkh{kt Vu÷kÞu÷ nkuÞ Au. òÞ Au.
- WËk. GSWAN, Internet Network
4. Nesh Topology :
- yk Topology {kt çkÄk Node yuf çkeò MkkÚku Point - To - Point Úke
• Protocol :
- Network {kt òuzkÞu÷k Hardware yLku Software su [ku¬Mk rLkÞ{ku òuzkÞu÷kt nkuÞ Au.
{wsçk ¢{çkØ Data Lkwt Transfer fhu Au íku rLkÞ{kuLku Protocol fnuðk{kt - yuf Node çktÄ ÚkkÞ íkku Ãký çkeò {køko îkhk Data Lkwt ðnLk ÚkE þfu Au.
ykðu Au. - ðÄw Cabeling fhðwt Ãkzíkwt nkuE ¾[o ðÄw ÚkkÞ Au.
- {wÏÞ 5 «fkhLkk Protocol nkuÞ Au.
(1) HTTP 5. Tree Topology :
(2) TCP - yk Topology {kt Ëhuf Node Tree Lke þk¾k heíku Network {kt
(3) IP òuzkÞu÷k nkuÞ Au.
(4) FTP - þk¾kLkwt {wÏÞ rzðkEMk çktÄ ÚkkÞ íkku Lke[uLkk Node çktÄ ÚkE òÞ Au.
(5) POP
• Network Device :
• Node : - Lkuxðfo{kt Node Lku yufçkeò MkkÚku òuzðk {kxu y÷øk-y÷øk
- Lkuxðfo{kt òuzkÞu÷k Ëhuf Computer Lku Node fnuðk{kt ykðu Au. Hardware Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au. su Lke[u {wsçk Au.
- Switch/HUB : {æÞMÚk Device íkhefu ðÃkhkÞ Au.
• ISOC : Internet Society
- Router : çknkhLkkt Network Lkk Device íkhefu ðÃkhkÞ Au.
• Server : - Modem : Modulator - Demodulator íkhefu ðÃkhkÞ Au.
- sÞkhu Network {kt òuzkÞu÷k Device îkhk Request fhðk{kt ykðu - RJ-45 : Network Connector Au.
íÞkhu Request Lkku Reply fhíkk, Computer Lku Server fnu Au. - NIC Card : Network Interface Card íkhefu ðÃkhkÞ Au.
- Cabel : {wÏÞ ºký «fkhLkk fuçk÷ ðÃkhkÞ Au.
• Client : (1) Twisted Pair Cabel
- Internet Network MkkÚku òuzkÞu÷k Computer User Lku Client (2) Co-axial Cable
fnuðk{kt ykðu Au. (3) Fiber Optical Cable : yk fuçk÷{kt data Lkwt ðnLk «fkþLkk
{kæÞ{Úke ÚkkÞ Au. ¾qçk s ÍzÃke {kæÞ{ Au.
• Computer Topology : - Modem : ModemLkku WÃkÞkuøk Analog Signal Lku Digital Signal Lku
- Computer Network {kt Ëhuf Network Device su ¼kiríkf òuzký Analog {kt Convert fhðk ðÃkhkÞ Au.
Mkth[LkkÚke yufçkeò MkkÚku òuzkÞu÷k nkuÞ Au íkuLku Network Lke
Topology fnuðk{kt ykðu Au.
Internet :
1. Bus Topology : - Internet Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ Interconnected Network Au.
- yk Topology {kt çktLku Auzu çktÄ yuðk yuf s fuçk÷{kt çkÄk Device
- ËwrLkÞkLkwt «Úk{ Internet Network yu ARPANET níkwt. su
òuzkÞu÷kt nkuÞ Au.
E.Mk.1961 {kt U.S.A. Lkk Defence rð¼køk îkhk çkLkkððk{kt ykÔÞwt
- yk Topology ¾qçk s ykuAk ¾[o{kt íkiÞkh ÚkkÞ Au.
- yk Topology {kt Cable çktÄ ÚkE síkkt yk¾wt Network çktÄ ÚkE òÞ Au. níkwt.
- Internet {kt Data Lkwt ðnLk fhðk {wÏÞíðu su Protocol ðÃkhkÞ Au íku
2. Ring Topology : Lke[u {wsçk Au.
- yk Topology {kt çktÄ hªøk «fkhLkwt Network nkuÞ Au. (1)TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
- yk Topology {kt yuf Node çktÍ ÚkE síkkt yk¾wt Network çktÄ ÚkE (2)IP - Internet Address Protocol
òÞ Au. (3)FTP - File Transfer Protocol
- yk Network {kt ÍzÃk ¾qçk ykuAe nkuÞ Au. (4)HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

• IP Address :
- Internet Network {kt òuzkÞu÷k ík{k{ Node Lku yuf yòuz Address
ykÃkðk{kt ykðu÷ nkuÞ Au. yk Address Lku Internet Address
fnuðk{kt ykðu Au.
- IP Address {wÏÞ çku Version {kt nkuÞ Au.
(1)IPV4 - 32 Bit
(2)IPV6 - 128 Bit
- IPV4{kt fw÷ 4 yçks IP Address Mk{kðe þfkÞ Au.
- IP Address {wÏÞ [kh ¼køk{kt ðnU[kÞu÷wt nkuÞ Au. su 0-255Lke
Range {kt s nkuÞ Au.
- WËk. 192.168.1.1.
8 Bit
• WWW - World Wide Web - W3
- ËwrLkÞk¼h{kt ykðu÷k fkuBÃÞwxh{kt hnu÷e {krníke yufçkeò MkkÚku
ykÃk-÷u fhðk {kxu ÷tzLkLkk fkuBÃÞwxh ði¿kkrLkf yuðk Mkh xe{o
çkLkoMk÷e îkhk yuf rðï ÔÞkÃke fkuBÃÞwxh LkuxðfoLkwt ò¤wt çkLkkððk{kt
ykðu yuðe þkuÄ fhðk{kt ykðe.
- yk þkuÄLku World Wide Web yuðwt Lkk{ ykÃkðk{kt ykÔÞwt. yk
WWW {kt òuzkÞu÷k Device {kt hnu÷e {krníke yufçkeò MkkÚku
Hyperlink îkhk òuzkÞu÷ nkuÞ Au.
- yk WWW {kt Documents Lku Hyperlink Úke yufçkeò MkkÚku òuzðk
{kxu ºký ytøkku sYhe Au.
(1)HTML
(2)HTTP
(3)Web Browser
- suLke h[Lkk xe{ çkLkoMk ÷e îkhk fhðk{kt ykðe níke.
- HTML : Hyper Text Markup Language - yk ¼k»kkLkku WÃkÞkuøk
Document, Files ðøkuhuLku Hyperlink Úke òuze Web Page çkLkkððk
ÚkkÞ Au.
- HTTP : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
yk Protocol îkhk Websites Lke {krníke Send yLku Receive fhe
þfkÞ Au.
- Web Browser : ðuçk çkúkWÍh yuðwt Software Au suLkk {kæÞ{Úke
RLxhLkuxLke ËwrLkÞkLke ík{k{ Hyperlink Document Access fhe
þfkÞ Au.
- Mkki «Úk{ Web Browser Mosaic níkwt.
- nk÷{kt «[r÷ík ðuçk çkúkWÍh{kt Google Chrome, Internet
Explorer, Safari ðøkuhu Au.
- Web Browser Lku Refresh fhðk F5 Key Press ÚkkÞ Au.
- ðuçk çkúkWÍh{kt òuÞu÷e ík{k{ ðuçkMkkExLku History {kt òuE þfkÞ Au.
- Web Page : File fu su Audio, Video, Document fu Text MðYÃk{kt
nkuÞ íkuLku Hyper Media MðYÃk{kt çkLkkððk{kt ykðu Au. yk Ëhuf
Document Lku Web Page fnuðk{kt ykðu Au.
8
- ykðkt ½ýktçkÄk Web Pages Lku Link îkhk yufçkeò MkkÚku òuze
Websites çkLkkððk{kt ykðu Au.
- Website Lkk «Úk{ ÃkusLku Home Page fnu Au.
- yuf Website WÃkhÚke çkeS Website WÃkh sðkLke r¢ÞkLku Surfing fnu Au.
- su ®÷f îkhk Webpage yufçkeò MkkÚku òuzkÞu÷k nkuÞ Au íkuLku
Hyperlink fnu Au.
- Search Engine yuf ðuçkMkkEx Au. WWW.google.com
• zku{uELk (Domain) Name :
- Domain Lkk Lkk{ ÃkhÚke fkuE Website Lkku «fkh, ¼kiøkkur÷f Area
ðøkuhu òýe þfkÞ Au.
- Domain Name ÃkhÚke ðuçkMkkExLkku «fkh Au.
(1).com - Commercial - ðuÃkkhe MktMÚkk - google.com
(2).net - Network Service - vsnl.net
(3).edu - þiûkrýf MktMÚkk - www.university.edu
(4).org - rçkLk ðuÃkkhe MktMÚkk - www.un.org
(5).gov - Mkhfkhe MktMÚkk - www.gswan.gov
- Domain Name ÃkhÚke ¼kiøkkur÷f rðMíkkh
(1).in - India
(2).uk - United Kingdom
(3).us - United State
(4).au - Australia
• E-Mail :
- Ãkqhwt Lkk{ : Electronic Mail
- økwshkíke Lkk{ : rðòýwt xÃkk÷
- yuf user çkeò user Lku Digital {kæÞ{ îkhk xÃkk÷ {kuf÷ðkLke
r¢ÞkLku E-mail fnuðk{kt ykðu Au.
- E-Mail {kuf÷ðk e-mail address Lke sYh Ãkzu Au. e-mail Lke Mkuðk
Ãkqhe Ãkkzíke ftÃkLkeLku e-mail service provider fnuðk{kt ykðu Au.
- Lkðku User {kxu Sign up fhðwt Ãkzu Au.
patelalpesh1985@gmail.com
User Name Host Name Domain Name
- E-mail id yu “@” yLku “.” îkhk Aqxk Ãkkzðk{kt ykðu Au.
- E-Mail Protocol
(1)POP3 - Post Office Protocol
(2)SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- Compose : Lkðku e-mail {kuf÷ðk {kxuLkwt option
- Inbox : Lkðku email yk Folder {kt ykðu Au.
- Sent Item : User îkhk {kuf÷u÷ mail yk folder {kt nkuÞ Au.
- Spam/Junk Box : rçkLksYhe/ðkÞhMkðk¤k Mail yk Folder {kt
ykðu Au.
 9

- Trash Mail : Delete fhu÷k mail yk folder {kt nkuÞ Au. • Microsoft Word :
- Draft : Lkk {kuf÷u÷k mail yk folder {kt nkuÞ Au. - MS - Word yu yuf Word Processor Software Au. su{kt y÷øk
- CC : Carbon Copy y÷øk ËMíkkðus çkLkkððk{kt ykðu Au.
- BCC : Blind Carbon Copy - MS - Word [k÷w fhðk Start - Run - Winword ÷¾e [k÷w fhe
- To : {kuf÷ðk {kxu Address Bar þfkÞ Au.
- Reply : E-Mail Lkku sðkçk ykÃkðk
- Reply All : E-Mail {kuf÷Lkkh ík{k{Lku yufe MkkÚku sðkçk ykÃkðk
• Facts :
- Forward : ykðu÷k Mail Lku çkeò fkuELku Forward fhðk
- E-Commerce : fkuBÃÞwxhLkk {kæÞ{Úke Úkíkk ðuÃkkhLku E-Commerce - Default Font Name + Size : Calibri, Size - 11 (2007)
fnuðk{kt ykðu Au. Time New Roman, 12 (2003)
- M-Commerce : Mobile Lkk {kæÞ{Úke Úkíkk ðuÃkkhLku M-Commerce (Min - 8, Max-72)
fnuðk{kt ykðu Au. - Default File Name : Document 1
- File Extention : .doc/docx
• E-Commerce yLku M-Commerce {wÏÞ Lke[u «fkhLkk nkuÞ Au. - Default Alignment : Left Justified
1. G 2 G : Government to Govt. - Max File Size : 32 MB
State and Center Govt ðå[uLkku ðuÃkkh/Transtition - Max File Size For Open : 502 MB
2. G 2 B : Government to Business - Default Page Size : Letter
E-Tender
- Book Binding {kxu Akuzðk{kt ykðu÷e søÞkLku “Gutter”fnuðk{kt
3. G 2 C : Government to Customenr/Citizen
ykðu Au.
GSWAN, OJAS
4. B 2 B : Business to Business - Table {kt Default Row = 2, Coloum = 5 (ðÄw{kt ðÄw = 63)
Indiamart
5. B 2 C : Business to Customer 1. Menu Bar :
Amazon, Flipkart • File Menu :
6. C 2 C : Customer to Customer - New : Lkðe File Open fhðk
Olx.com, Ebay.com - Open : sqLke File Open fhðk
- Save : File Lku Save fhðk
Computer - Save As : File Lku çkeò Lkk{u Save fhðk
• VIRUS : - Page Setup : Page Lkwt Landscape fu Portrait View òuðk
- Vital Information Resource Under Seige. - Print Preview : Print Lkku View òuðk
- Virus yuf «fkhLkku Software yÚkðk Program nkuÞ Au. - Print : Print ykÃkðk
- Virus Lkk {wÏÞ «fkh Lke[u {wsçk Au : - Close/Exit : File Lku çktÄ fhðk
(1)Malware
(2)Torjan Horse • Edit Menu :
(3)Adware - Cut : Select Word Lku fx fhðk : Ctrl + X
(4)Worms - Copy : Select Word Lku Copy fhðk : Ctrl + C
(5)Ransom Ware - Paste : Select Word Lku Paste fhðk : Ctrl + V
(6)Spyware
- Clipboard : Copy fhu÷k þçËku Clipboard {kt Mktøkún ÚkkÞ Au.
- ¼khíkLkk «Úk{ VIRUS Lkwt Lkk{ rMkçkúuLk níkwt. su{kt “Happy
- Find : fkuE þçË þkuÄðk : Ctrl + F
Birthday Joshi”yuðku Message níkku.
- Computer Lku Virus Lke çk[ðk Lkkt¾ðk{kt ykðíkk Software Lku Anti - Go to : MkeÄk fkuE þçË yÚkðk Ãkus Lktçkh WÃkh sðk : Ctrl + G
Virus Software fnu Au. - Replace : fkuE þçËLke MÚkkLku Lkðku þçË W{uhðk : Ctrl + H
- WËk. AVG, Norton, Quick Heal ðøkuhu. - Select All : yk¾k Document Lku Select fhðk : Ctrl + A

• View Menu :
- Normal : doc Lku Mkk{kLÞ view {kt òuðk
- Web Layout : ðuçkMkkExLkk view {kt òuðk
- Print Layout : Print Out Lkk Layout {kt òuðk
- Ruler : Page {kt Ruler Add fhðk
- Zoom : doc Lku LkkLke-{kuxe fhe òuðk, Min=10%, Max = 500%
- Full Screen : F11 îkhk Screen Lku Full fhe þfkÞ Au.
• Insert Menu :
- Break : Page Lku Break fhðk
- Page Number :
- Table : xuçk÷ Add fhðk
- Clip Art : Clip Art Add fhðk
- Hyperlink : Ctrl + K - Hyperlink ykÃkðk
- Header : Header yLku Footer Add fhðk
- Footer : Header yLku Footer Add fhðk
• Page Layout Menu :
- Margin : Margin Set fhðk
- Orientation : Layout [uLs fhðk
- Page Colour : Page Lkku Colour çkË÷ðk
- Page Border : Page {kt Border Add fhðk
- Paragraph Indent : Paragraph {kt Indent Add fhðk
• Format Menu :
- Font : Font dialogue Open fhðk
- Spacing : Spacing ðÄkhðk
- Bullet : Bullet Point Add fhðk
- Drop Case : «Úk{ yûkh {kuxku fhðk
- Water Mark : Water Mark Add fhðk
• Tool Menu :
- Spelling & Grammer : Doc {kt Spelling (F7) ¼q÷ [uf fhðk
- Word Count : Word, Line ðøkuhu økýðk {kxu
- Mail Merge : ½ýk çkÄkLku yufe MkkÚku Ãkºk {kuf÷ðk
- Thesaurus : Mk{kLkkÚkeo þçËku þkuÄðk : Shift + F7
- Macro : {u¢ku hLk fhðk : Alt + F8
• Shortcut of MS : Word/Excel/Power Point :
- Ctrl + A : yk¾wt document select fhðk
- Ctrl + B : Selected Word Lku Bold fhðk
- Ctrl + C : Selected Word Lku Copy fhðk
- Ctrl + D : Font Dialogue Box ¾ku÷ðk
- Ctrl + E : Center Alignment fhðk
10
- Ctrl + F : Word Find fhðk
- Ctrl + G : Go to Option Open fhðk
- Ctrl + H : Replace Box ¾ku÷ðk
- Ctrl + I : Italic Font fhðk
- Ctrl + J : Justify Alignment fhðk
- Ctrl + K : Hyperlink ykÃkðk
- Ctrl + L : Left Alignment fhðk
- Ctrl + M : Paragraph {kt Indent fhðk, «Úk{ ÷kELk
- Ctrl + N : Lkðe File Open fhðk
- Ctrl + O : sqLke File Open fhðk
- Ctrl + P : Print ykÃkðk
- Ctrl + Q : Paragraph Indent Ëqh fhðk
- Ctrl + R : Right Alignment ykÃkðk
- Ctrl + S : File Lku Save fhðk
- Ctrl + T : Paragraph Úke «Úk{ ÷kELkLku Hanging fhðk
- Ctrl + U : Selected Word Lke[u Underline fhðk
- Ctrl + V : Paste fhðk
- Ctrl + W : [k÷w File Lku çktÄ fhðk
- Ctrl + X : Cut fhðk {kxu
- Ctrl + Y : Action Lku Redo fhðk
- Ctrl + Z : Action Lku Undo fhðk
- Ctrl + ] : Font Size yuf LktçkhLke ðÄkhðk
- Ctrl + [ : Font Size yuf LktçkhLke ½xkzðk
- Ctrl + Shift + > = Font Size çku LktçkhLke ðÄkhðk
- Ctrl + Shift + < = Font Size çku LktçkhLke ½xkzðk
- Ctrl + Shift + + = Font Lku Super Script fhðk = H2O
- Ctrl + = = Font Lku Subscript fhðk = H2O
- Ctrl + Home = «Úk{ Paragraph Lke «Úk{ ÷kELk{kt sðk
- Ctrl + End = AuÕ÷k Paragraph Lke AuÕ÷e ÷kELk{kt sðk
- Alt + F4 = [k÷w Program Lku çktÄ fhðk
- Alt + Tab = [k÷w Program ðå[u Switch fhðk
- F7 = Spelling yLku økúk{h [uf Úkþu
- F5 = Go to option ¾q÷þu
- F8 = 2 ð¾ík «uMk fhíkk Word yLku 3 ð¾ík «uMk fhíkk Paragraph
Select Úkþu.
- F12 = Save As Option ¾q÷þu.
• Microsoft Excel
- økkrýríkf fkÞo fhðk {kxu
• MS - Excel Facts :
- Default File Name : Book. xls
- Default Font Size and Name : Default Font Size, Callibri
- Extension : .xls/.xlsx
 11

- Default Work Sheets : 3 Sheet • Shift + F3 Key Press fhðkLke Font Lkk Case çkË÷e þfkÞ Au.
- Max Row : 10,48,576 1. Upper Case : çkÄk Fonts Capital ÚkkÞ Au.
- Max Column : 16,384 2. Lower Case : çkÄk s Fonts Small Case {kt ykðu Au.
- Min Zoom : 10% 3. Sentence Case : ðkõÞLkku «Úk{ yûkh Capital {kt ykðu Au.
- Max Zoom : 400% 4. Title Case : Ëhuf þçËLkku «Úk{ yûkh Capital ÚkkÞ Au.
- su Cell {kt fMkoh nkuÞ íkuLku Active Cell fnu Au. 5. Toggle Case : Capital þçË Small yLku Small þçË Capital ÚkkÞ Au.
- Default Cell Height = 15
- Default Cell Coloum = 8.3
Full Form of Words
• MS-Excel Data Analysis Function - HDMI : High Defination Multimedia Interface
- Data Sort - VPN : Virtual Private Network
- LED : Light Emnting Diode
- Data Filter
- LCD : Liquid Crystal Display
- Chart
- VGA : Video Graphics Array
- Pivot Table - DPI : Dots Per Inch
- MS-Excel {kt Chart W{uhðkLke Short Key F11 Au. - GPRS : General Packet Radio Service
- GPS : Global Positing System
• Mkk{kLÞ heíku ðÃkhkíkk Function : - DTP : Desktop Publishing
(1) = Sum (A1:A5) - Mkhðk¤ku fhðk - SMPS : Switch Mode Power Supply
(2) = Average () - Average þkuÄðk - IC : Integrated Circuit
(3) = Min () - MkkiÚke LkkLke MktÏÞk þkuÄðk - BCR : Bar Code Reader
(4) = Max () - MkkiÚke {kuxe MktÏÞk þkuÄðk - OMR : Optical Characted Recognation
- MICR : Magnetic Ink Character Recognation
(5) = Count() - MktÏÞkLkku Lktçkh òýðk
- LAN : Local Area Network
(6) = today () - yksLke íkkhe¾ òýðk
- WAN : Wide Area Network
(7) = now () - yksLke íkkhe¾ yLku Mk{Þ òýðk - MAN : Metropolitan Area Network
- CC : Carbon Copy
• MS - Power Point : - BCC : Blind Carbon Copy
- Default File Name : Presentation .Ppt - PPP : Point to Point Protocol
- Default Font Size : Heading - 44 (Calibri) - SMTP : Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- CPU : Center Process Unit
Content - 32 (Calibri)
- MU : Memory Unit
- Extension - .ppt/.pptx
- CU : Control Unit
- Lkðe M÷kEz W{uhðk Ctrl + M ðÃkhkÞ Au. - ALU : Arithmatic and Logical Unit
- Duplicate Slide çkLkkððk Ctrl + D ðÃkhkÞ Au. - CD : Compact Disk
- yuf M÷kEz effect su çkÄe s slide {kt òuðk {¤u Au íku M÷kEzLku - DVD : Digital Versatile Disk
Master Slide fnu Au. - CD - ROM : Compact Disk-Read Only Memory
- zkçke çkksw Ëu¾kíke Slide View Lku Slide Shorter View fnu Au. - KB : Kilo Bytes
- MB : Mega Bytes
- Presentation [k÷w fhðk {kxu F5 yLku çktÄ fhðk Esc Key Lkku
- TB : Tera Bytes
WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au.
- GB : Giga Bytes
- Presentation {kt Slide çkLkkððk {kxu ykÃku÷e Lk{qLkk Slide Lku Slide - BIT : Binary Digit
Template fnu Au. - Modem : Modulator - Demodulator
- Ctrl + N fhðkÚke Lkðwt Presentation File ¾q÷þu. - PDF : Portable Document Format

- WWW : World Wide Web
- TCP : Transmission Control Protocol
- IP : Internet Protocol
- FTP : File Transfer Protocol
- HTTP : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
- HTTPS : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure
- HTML : Hyper Text Markup Language
- URL : Uniform Resource Locator
- URI : Uniform Resource Identifier
- UDP : User Datagram Protocol
- VOIP : Voice Over IP
- OSI : Open System Inter Connect
- ISO : International Standard Organization
- NIC : Network Interface Card
- UPS : Uninterputed Power Supply
- HDD : Hard Disk Drive
- FDD : Floppy Disk Drive
- LMB : Left Mouse Button
- RMB : Right Mouse Button
- CRT : Cathod Ray Tube
- USB : Universal Serial Bus
- CLI : Command Line Interface
- GUI : Graphical User Interface
- OS : Operating System
- MS : Microsoft
- KBPS : Kilo byte per Second
- VIRUS : Vital Information Resource Under Seize
- DBMS : Data base Management System
- ASCII : American Standard Code For Information Interchange
- BIOS : Basic Input Output System
- DOS : Disk Operating System
- RAM : Random Access Memory
- ROM : Read Only Memory
- SRAM : Static Random Access Memory
- DRAM : Dynamic Read Only Memory
- PROM : Programmable Read Only Memory
- EPROM : Erassable Programmable Read Only Memory
- EEPROM : Electrical Erassable Programmable Read Only
Memory
- EMail : Electronic Mail
- ENIAC : Electronic Numeric Integrator and
Computer/Calculator
- UNIVAC : Universal Automatic Computor
- FLOPS : Floting Point Operation Per Second
12
- MIPS : Millions of Instruction Per Second
- FORTran : Formula Translation
- COBOL : Common Business Oriented Language
- Basic : Beginner, All purpose symbolic Instruction code
- GIF : Graphical Interchange Format
- GIGO : Garbage In Garbage Out
- IT : Information Technology
- JPEG : Joint Photography Expert Group
- LSI : Large Scale Integration
- ULSI : Ultra Scale Integration
- MAC : Media Access Control Address
- MPEG : Multimedia Picture Expert Group
- PC : Personal Computer
- PDA : Personal Digital Assistant
- POST : Power On Self Test
- RTF : Rich Text Format
- SQL : Structure Query Language
- Wi-Fi : Wireless Fidility
- Li-Fi : Light Fidility
- WORM : Write Once Read Many Times
- XML : Xtensible Markup Language
- ZIP : Zone Information Protocol
- IBM : International Business Machine
- PIN : Personal Identificaion Number
- DFD : Data Flow Diagram
- AGOL : Algorithm Logic
- BPS : Bits Per Second
- ISP : Internet Service Provider
- CCC : Course of Computer Concept
- ISOC : Internet Society
- CDMA : Code Devision Multiple Access
- MIS : Management Information System
- SWAGAT : State Wide Attention on Grievances by
Application of Technology
- DSL : Digital Subscriber Line
- TAB : Tabular Key
- DNS : Domain Name System
- TOC : Table of Contents
- EDVAC : Electronic Discreate Variable Automatic Computer
- ATM : Automatic Teller Machine
- SATHI : System of Application of Technology for Human
Resource Improvement
- EDP : Electronic Data Processing
 13

- PRAGATI : Pro-Active Governance And Timely - Wi-Fi {kt Data Lkwt ðnLk Radio Wave {kt ÚkkÞ Au.
Implementation - Li-Fi {kt Data Lkwt ðnLk «fkþLkk {kæÞ{Úke ÚkkÞ Au.
- UMANG : Unified Mobile Application for New Edge - Mkki«Úk{ E-Mail Mkuðk Mkççkeh ¼krxÞk îkhk fhðk{kt ykðe níke suLkwt
- TIBIL : Transitor Between Indian Language Lkk{ Hotmail níkwt.
- IME : Input Method Editor MS-Office Open Office
- SLIP : Serial Line Internet Protocol Word Processing MS-Word Writer
- FAT : File Allocation Table Calculation MS-Excel Calc
Presentation MS-Power Point Impress
Database MS-Excess Base
Computer Software Extension • Function Key :
1. .doc/.docx - MS-Word File - F1 : Help Open fhðk
- F2 : Rename fhðk (File fu FolderLku)
2. .rtf - Report File
- F3 : Search fhðk
3. .txt - Notepad File
- F4 : AuÕ÷u fhu÷k Action Lku Repeat fhðk/Alt + F4 = Close fhðk
4. .ppt/.pptx - Power point presentation file
- F5 : Page Refresh fhðk
5. .mp3 - MP3 Audio File - F6 : URL Bar {kt sðk
6. .avi - Audio Video File - F7 : Spelling and Grammar [uf fhðk
7. .MP4 - Mpeg - 4 Video File - F8 : Reboot Option/Safe Mode {kt sðk
8. .MPG - Mpeg Video File - F10 : MS-Word Lke Short Cut Activate fhðk
9. .bmp - Bitmap Picture - F11 : Full Screen
10. .Gif - Graphical Interchange Format File - F12 : Save As fhðk
11. .pdf - PDF File
12. .xps - XPS Document One Liner
13. .xls/.xlsx - Spreadsheet File
1. Computer Lkk yøkíÞLkk ¢r{f Step fÞk Au ?
14. .html - Website File - Input, Process, Output
15. .bak - Backup File 2. CPU Lke yktíkrhf {u{he fE Au ?
- Register
Important Facts 3. ASCII {kt fw÷ fux÷k Code ykðu÷k Au ?
- 256
- Computer Lku rnLËe{kt Mktøkýf fnu Au.
4. Computer {kt þçËLke ÷tçkkE þu{kt {ÃkkÞ Au ?
- MkkiÚke ðÄw Computer Ähkðíkku Ëuþ U.S.A. Au.
- çkex
- ¼khíkLkwt Mkki«Úk{ fkuBÃÞwxh rMkØkÚko níkwt. su Electronic Corporation
5. {u{heLkku MkkiÚke {kuxku yuf{ ?
of India îkhk rLkŠ{ík níkwt. - YB (yotha Bytes)
- ¼khíkLkwt «Úk{ MkwÃkh fkuBÃÞwxh PARAM-8000 níkwt. su C-DAC 6. Computer {kt ¾k{e MkòoÞ íkku íkuLku þwt fnu Au ?
(Center for Developing Advance Computing) îkhk rLkŠ{ík níkwt. - çkøk
suLkwt Head Quarter ÃkwLkk ({nkhk»xÙ){kt Au. 7. Computer [k÷w fhíkkt OS þu{kt Load ÚkkÞ Au ?
- «Úk{ fkuBÃÞwxh çkìtø÷kuhLke yuf Post Office {kt {qfðk{kt ykÔÞwt níkwt. - RAM
- ¼ksÃkk (BJP) îkhk Mkki «Úk{ Political Website 1996{kt 8. Start Menu Lku [k÷w fhðkLke Short Cut Key ?
çkLkkððk{kt ykðe níke. - Ctrl + Esc
- ¼khíkLkwt «Úk{ rMkr÷fkuLk ðu÷e çkìtøk÷whw Au. 9. fkuBÃÞwxhLku Restart fhðk {kxu fE feLkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au ?
- Internet WÃkh «Úk{ Newspaper “The Hindu” îkhk þY fÞwO níkwt. - Ctrl + Alt + Del
- Internet Lkku {kr÷f fkuE LkÚke. 10. fkuEÃký Program Lke MkkiÚke WÃkh fÞku çkkh ykðu Au ?
- ¼khíkLkwt «Úk{ ISP yu VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd) níkwt. - Title Bar
- rçkxfkuELk yu r¢ÃxkuøkúkrVf fhLMke Au suLkku Concept fkuE y¿kkík 11. xkEx÷ çkkhLke Lke[u fÞku çkkh ykðu Au ?
ÔÞÂõík îkhk ykÃkðk{kt ykÔÞku níkku. - Menu Bar
 14

12. Menu Bar Lke Lke[u fÞku çkkh ykðu Au ? 35. InternetLkk {kæÞ{Úke ¼ýkðkLke «r¢ÞkLku þwt fnu Au ?
- Tool Bar - E-Learning
13. Computer {kt MkkiÚke Lke[u fÞku çkkh ykðu Au ? 36. ¼khík îkhk çkLkkðu÷ «Úk{ Search Engine Lkwt Lkk{ þwt Au ?
- Task Bar - Khoj
14. Computer Screen Ãkh [k÷w «r¢ÞkLkku Photo ÷uðk {kxu fE feLkku 37. ykWxÃkwx fux÷k «fkhLkk nkuÞ Au ?
WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au ? - 2 «fkh
- Print Screen 38. «Úk{ Smart Phone Lkwt Lkk{ þwt níkwt ?
15. {krníkeLkku Mktøkún fÞk yuf{{kt ÚkkÞ Au ? - Simon
- File 39. Internet Lke þkuÄ fÞk Ëuþ{kt ÚkE Au ?
16. Notepad {kt íkkhe¾ yLku Mk{Þ {kxu fE feLkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au ? - U.S.A.
- F5 40. fkuEÃký Program Mkki«Úk{ fÞkt Load ÚkkÞ Au ?
17. Control Panel þwt Au ? - Loader {kt
- System Folder 41. Hard Disk Lke Speed þu{kt {ÃkkÞ Au ?
18. Folder Lkwt çkeswt Lkk{ þwt Au ? - RPM (Rotation Per Minute)
- Directory 42. Monitor Lkwt Resolution þu{kt {ÃkkÞ Au ?
19. Screen Saver {kt {n¥k{ yLku ÷½w¥k{ Waiting Mk{Þ þwt Au ? - Pixel
- Min=1 Minute, Max = 9999 Minute 43. C - yu fÞk «fkhLke ¼k»kk Au ?
20. Auto Save {kt {n¥k{ fux÷ku Mk{Þ ykÃke þfkÞ Au ? - «kuMkeÍh÷ ¼k»kk
- 120 Minutes 44. Network {kt ykuAk{kt ykuAk fux÷k fkuBÃÞwxh nkuÞ Au ?
21. MS-Excel {kt Column Lke Height {n¥k{ fux÷e hk¾e þfkÞ Au ? - 2
- 409 cm 45. yuf s Content ðk¤ku Ãkºk y÷øk-y÷øk MkhLkk{k ðk¤ku çkLkkððk
22. MS-Powerpoint Lke «Úk{ M÷kEzLku þwt fnu Au ?
fÞk Option Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au ?
- xkEx÷ M÷kEz
- Mail Merge
23. Modem Lke ÍzÃk þu{kt {ÃkkÞ Au ?
46. Program {kt ¾qxíke {krníke fÞk Box îkhk {ktøkðk{kt ykðu Au ?
- Kbps
24. ¼khíkLkwt «Úk{ Ãkufux nMíkkhý Lkuxðfo fÞwt níkwt ? - Dialogue Box
- ykE{ux 47. Fiber Optics Lke ÍzÃk fux÷e nkuÞ Au ?
25. SMS Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ þwt Au ? - 1000 MBPS
- Short Message Service 48. MS-Word {kt File {kt MkwÄkhk ðÄkhk fhðkLke r¢ÞkLku þwt fnu Au ?
26. Digilocker Lke Tag Line þwt Au ? - Editing
- Your Document, Any Time, Anywhere 49. MS-Word Program fux÷e heíku [k÷w fhe þfkÞ Au ?
27. Antivirus yu fÞk «fkhLkwt slw Au ? - 4
- rMkõÞwrhxe Þwrx÷exe slw 50. MS-Word fux÷e heíku çktÄ fhe þfkÞ Au ?
28. Computer Virus yu þwt Au ? - 3
- yuf «fkhLkku Computer Program Au. 51. Keyboard {kt yûkhkuLkku ¢{ zkçke çkkswÚke s{ýe çkksw fÞk ¢{{kt
29. CD {kt ÷¾ðkLke «r¢ÞkLku þwt fnu Au ? nkuÞ Au ?
- Data Burn Process - Qwerty
30. Java ¼k»kkLke þkuÄ fE ftÃkLke îkhk fhðk{kt ykðe níke ? 52. MS-Word/Excel ðøkuhu{kt fw÷ fux÷k «fkhLkk Graph W{uhe
- Sun Microsystem
þfkÞ Au ?
31. PDF File òuðk fÞk slw Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au ?
- 14 «fkhLkk Graph
- Acrobate Reader
32. Dos {kt File Lkwt Lkk{ {n¥k{ fux÷k yûkhLkwt hk¾e þfkÞ Au ? 53. r[ºkLku ¾U[eLku {kuxwt fhðkLke r¢ÞkLku þwt fnu Au ?
- 8 yûkhLkwt - Stretch yLku Skew
33. Internet WÃkh {¤íkk Free Software Lku þwt fnu Au ? 54. Email yufe MkkÚku fux÷k ÷kufkuLku {kuf÷e þfkÞ Au ?
- Freeware - yMktÏÞ ÷kufkuLku
34. Telnet Lku çkeò fÞk Lkk{u yku¤¾kÞ Au ? 55. Website òuðk fÞk Software Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au ?
- he{kux ÷kuøkeLk - Web Browser
 15

56. Computer yu fuðwt Þtºk Au ? 15. Computer þY fhíkk Úkíke «r¢ÞkLku þwt fnu Au ?
- Electronic Þtºk Au. - Booting
57. Computer fE ¼k»kk Mk{su Au ? 16. 1 MB çkhkçkh fux÷k çkkEx ÚkkÞ Au ?
- Machine Language - 10,48, 576 çkkEx
58. ENIAC Computer fE Lktçkh ÃkØrík WÃkh fkÞo fhíkwt níkwt ? 17. MkkiÚke ÍzÃke Printer fÞwt nkuÞ Au ?
- Decimal
- Laser Printer
59. fkuE ÃkusLku ykzwt fu Q¼wt fhðwt yuLku þwt fnuðkÞ ?
18. yuf Úke ðÄw Processor Ähkðíkk PC Lku þwt fnu Au ?
- Page Orientation
- Multiprocessor
60. E-Mail ID {kt User Name yLku Host Name þuLkk îkhk y÷øk
Ãkzu Au ? 19. fkuBÃÞwxh{kt Data fÞk MðYÃk{kt Store ÚkkÞ Au ?
- “@” r[ö îkhk - çkkÞLkhe
20. VkuLk ÷kELk{kt Digital Signal {kuf÷ðk fÞwt Device ðÃkhkÞ Au ?
- Modem
yøkkWLke Ãkheûkk{kt ÃkqAkÞu÷k «&™ku 21. O.S. yu fÞk «fkhLkwt slw Au ?
1. Bit-Coin þwt Au ? - System Software
- Digital Currency Au. 22. Memory Lkku Wíkhíkku ¢{ fÞku Au ?
2. Computer çktÄ fhíkk þu{ktÚke {krníkeLkku Lkkþ ÚkkÞ Au ? - Register, Cache, Main Memory, Hard Disk
- RAM (Random Access Memory) 23. High Level ¼k»kkLkwt Lkk{ sýkðku.
3. {kuçkkE÷ Lkuxðfo{kt ykðíkwt 2G, 3G, 4G Lkk Mkt˼o{kt G þwt Mkq[ðu ? - Fortran, COBOL, JAVA, C, C++
- G = Generation 24. Notepad Lkwt Extention þwt Au ?
4. IT Lkwt Silicon-Velly fÞkt ykðu÷wt Au ? - .txt
- MkkLk £kÂLMkMfku 25. Blue Ray Disk Lke Mktøkún þÂõík fux÷e nkuÞ Au ?
5. fkuBÃÞwxhLkk rLkÞtºký {kxu Windows {kt fE MkwrðÄk WÃkÞkuøke Au ? - 25 GB - 50 GB MkwÄe
- Control Panel 26. IC çkLkkððk þwt ðÃkhkÞ Au ?
6. Optical Fibre þuLkk {kxu ðÃkhkÞ Au ? - Silicon
- MktËuþk ÔÞðnkh {kxu 27. øku{ h{ðk fÞw Device ðÃkhkÞ Au ?
7. Cut yLku Copy fhu÷e {krníke fk{[÷kW heíku fÞkt Store ÚkkÞ Au ? - Joy Stick
- Clipboard 28. HDMI Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ þwt Au ?
8. Computer {kt fkuE þçËLke ÷tçkkE þu{kt {ÃkkÞ Au ? - High Defination Multimedia Interface
- çkex (Bit) 29. File Lku nt{uþk {kxu delete fhðkLke Short key fE Au ?
9. LCD Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ þwt Au ? - Shift + Del.
- Liquid Crystal Display 30. 1 Lkeçk÷ çkhkçkh fux÷k çkex Au ?
10. fuþ {u{he (Cache Memory) fÞkt fk{ fhu Au ? - 4 Bits
- RAM yLku CPU Lke ðå[u 31. Banking, Airline {kt fÞk «fkhLkk Computers ðÃkhkÞ Au ?
11. USB Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ þwt Au ? - Main Frame Computers
- Universal Serial Bus 32. þwt Font Style LkÚke ?
12. Computer {ktLke Lkfk{e VkE÷ku Ëqh fhðk fÞk ykuÃþLkLkku WÃkÞkuøk - Superscript/Subscript
ÚkkÞ Au ? 33. MS-Word {kt VkELz f{kLzLkku WÃkÞkuøk fhe þwt - þwt þkuÄe þfkÞ Au ?
- Disk Cleanup - Character/Symbol/Word
13. MS-Office Software {kt fÞk Softwares Lkku Mk{kðuþ ÚkkÞ Au ? 34. Lkk{ yLku MkhLkk{k ¼uøkk fhe Ãkºk {kuf÷ðkLkk Option Lku þwt fnu Au ?
- MS-Word + MS-Excel + MS-Power Point + MS-Access + - Mail Merge
MS-Outlook 35. MS-Word yLku MS-Excel {kt Mail Merge Data Integration {kt
14. Mouse Lke Click çkË÷ðk fÞk Option {kt sðwt Ãkzu Au ? MS-Word þwt çkLku Au ?
- Control Panel - Client
 16

36. MS-Excel {kt Mouse fu Aero Key Lkku WÃkÞkuøk fÞko rMkðkÞ A1 56. fkuEÃký ðuçkMkkExLkk «Úk{ ÃkusLku þwt fnu Au ?
Ãkh sðkLke þkuxo fe fE Au ? - Home Page
- Ctrl + Home 57. MS-Word {kt F8 çku ð¾ík Ëçkkðíkk þwt Select Úkþu ?
37. fE Keys Keyboard {kt MkkiÚke WÃkh ykðu Au ? - þçË rMk÷uõx Úkþu.
- Function Keys 58. fE Programming ¼k»kkLku Convert fhðe Ãkzíke LkÚke ?
38. ALU Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ þwt Au ? - Machine Language
- Arithmetic and Logical Unit 59. Computer Lkwt ÓËÞ fkuLku fnuðk{kt ykðu Au ?
39. Presentation {kt Ãknu÷uÚke s íkiÞkh Lk{qLkk VkE÷Lku þwt fnu Au ? - Micro Processor
- Templete Slides 60. 1 MB çkhkçkh fux÷k KB ÚkkÞ ?
40. WWW ÃkhÚke {krníke «ËŠþík fhðk Web Browser fE ¼k»kkLkwt - 1024 KB
yÚko½xLk fhu Au ? 61. SMPS Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ þwt Au ?
- HTML - Switch Mode Power Supply
41. MS-Excel {kt Formula Ãknu÷k fE rLkþkLke Add fhðk{kt ykðu Au ? 62. GIF Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ þwt Au ?
- “=” - Graphical Interchange Format
42. Capital yLku Small {kt yMíkÔÞMík ÷¾u÷k Words Lku fÞk Formula 63. Fastest Data Transmission fÞk Au ?
îkhk Mkh¾kðe þfkÞ Au ? - Kbps, Mbps, Gbps
- = Proper () 64. Wi-Fi þuLkk WÃkh fk{ fhu Au ?
43. DRAM Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ þwt Au ? - Radio Wave
- Dynamic Random Access Memory 65. Phone ÷kELk{kt fÞwt Network Device ðÃkhkÞ Au ?
44. fE MkŠfx Memory Device íkhefu ðÃkhkÞ Au ? - Modem
- Flip Flop 66. fE OS yu Multitasking LkÚke ?
45. Vlookup þuLkk {kxu ðÃkhkÞ Au ? - MS DOS
- Relered Record þkuÄðk {kxu 67. MS-Word {kt Fonts Lku {kuxk fhðkLke Short Key fE Au ?
46. GUI Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ þwt Au ? - Ctrl + Shift + >
- Graphical User Interface 68. MS - Word {kt Default Font Size þwt Au ?
47. Computer {kt fÞk «fkhLke Memory Võík ðkt[e þfkÞ Au ? - 11
- ROM 69. CC yux÷u þwt ?
48. User Account Lkwt Lkk{ fÞktÚke çkË÷e þfkÞ Au ? - Carbon Copy
- Control Panel 70. DTP yux÷u þwt ?
49. OS Lkk Lkk{ sýkðku. - Desk Top Publishing
- Windows, IOS, Linux, Unix 71. Key Board Lke Key Lke «Úk{ ÷kELkLkku ¢{
50. yuf ðuçkMkkEx ÃkhÚke çkeS ðuçkMkkEx WÃkh sðkLke r¢ÞkLku þwt fnu Au ? - QWERTY
- Mk‹Vøk 72. Computer Lke Main Memory fE Au ?
51. MS-Word {kt Page Number fÞkt Add fhe þfkÞ Au ? - Primary Memory
- Header/Footer 73. Mkki «Úk{ ðuçk çkúkWÍh fÞwt níkwt ?
52. MS-Excel {kt [kxo çkLkkððkLkwt {uLkw fÞwt Au ? - {kuÍuEf çkúkWÍh
- [kxo ðeÍkzo 74. 1024 Bits : fkuE Lkrn
53. Desktop {kt ykðu÷k Shortcut Lku þwt fnu Au ? 75. URL : Uniform Resource Locator
- Icon 76. Famous Search Engine Lkk Lkk{ sýkðku.
54. MS-Word {kt Spelling Lke ¼q÷{kt fÞk htøkLke ÷exe ykðu Au ? - Google, Yahoo, Ask.com
- ÷k÷ htøkLke 77. MS-Office {kt rðãkÚkeoykuLkk Lkk{ MkhLkk{k Store fhðk fÞwt slw
55. WAN Lkwt Ãkqhwt Lkk{ þwt Au ? ðÃkhkÞ Au ?
- Wide Area Network - Access
 17

78. OCR : Optical Character Recognation 105. Virtual Memory

79. Pdf : Portable Document Format - RAM Lke Memory (Hard Disk Memory)
80. ISP : Internet Service Provider 106. Mouse Lkwt Mku®xøk çkË÷ðk
81. MICR : Magnetic Ink Character Reader - Control Panel
82. LED : Light Emitting Diode 107. [k÷w Screen çktÄ fhðk Short Key
83. HTTP : Hyper Text Transfer Protocol - Ctrl + F4, Alt + F4
84. yuf ðuçk Ãkus ÃkhÚke çkeò ðuçk Ãkus Ãkh sðkLke MkwrðÄk fkuý ykÃku Au ? 108. Notepad Lkwt Extension
- Hyperlink - .txt
85. Function Key Lke MktÏÞk : 12 109. MS-Window Lke þYykík fÞkhu ÚkE níke ?
86. Presentation [k÷w fhðkLke Short key : F5 - 1985
87. IP : Internet Address Protocol 110. abc@gmail.com{kt abc þwt Au ?
88. rçkLk sYhe Mail fÞk Folder {kt nkuÞ Au ? - User Name
- Spam Folder 111. LAN
89. DNS : Domain Name System
- Local Area Network
90. Windows {kt Free Chat {kxu fÞwt slw ðÃkhkÞ Au ?
112. Mouse Lku çku ð¾ík õ÷ef fhðwt yux÷u ?
- Windows Messanger
- Double Click
91. Outlook Express fÞk «fkhLkwt slw Au ?
113. CD Lke Mktøkún ûk{íkk ?
- E-Mail Client
- 650/700 MB
92. Computer Lkwt {øks
114. CD/DVD {kt Data fÞk MðYÃk{kt Store ÚkkÞ Au ?
- CPU
- Digital
93. VkuxkuøkúkVLku Digital çkLkkðíkwt Device
115. Slw Lke Lkðe ykð]r¥kLku þwt fnu Au ?
- Scanner
94. E-Mail Lkwt økwshkíke Lkk{ þwt Au ? - yÃkøkúuz
- rðòýwt xÃkk÷ 116. Folder Lkwt Lkk{ çkË÷ðk fÞwt Option ÃkMktË fhðk{kt ykðu Au ?
95. Pen Drive fÞk Port {kt ðÃkhkÞ Au ? - Rename
- USB 117. MS-Word {kt Page Lku Q¼wt çkíkkððk
96. Computer çktÄ fhðk fÞku Option ðÃkhkÞ Au ? - Portrait
- Turn Off 118. Delete fe Ëçkkðíkk fMkohLke fE çkkswLkku Word Delete Úkþu ?
97. Folder Lku Default f÷h fÞku Au ? - s{ýe çkksw
- Ãke¤ku htøk 119. Thesauras Key Lke Short Key fE Au ?
98. CD-ROM : Compact Disk Read Only Memory - Shift + F7
99. E-Mail ID {kt @ çkkË fÞwt r[ö ykðu Au ? 120. 1 yûkh : 8 Bit
- “.” 121. PC {kt hnu÷e Temporary File Ëqh fhðk {kxu
100. Microsoft Lkwt Default Web Browser - Disk Cleanup
- IE 122. Folder Lkwt by default Lkk{ þwt nkuÞ Au ?
101. E-Mail Lke Mkuðk ykÃkíke ftÃkLke - New Folder
- E-Mail Service Provider Host Company 123. MS-Word {kt Font yLku Size çkË÷ðk fÞk Menu Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au ?
102. Macro Lke Short Cut Key - Format Menu
- Alt + F8 124. E-Mail ID {kt Host Name ÃkAe fÞwt r[ö ykðu Au ?
103. Monitor Lkwt çkeswt Lkk{ þwt Au ? ]- “.”
- VDU 125. MS-Excel {kt fÞk Option îkhk Row Lke {krníke Coloum yLku
104. {kuxe VkE÷Lku LkkLke çkLkkððk fÞwt slw ðÃkhkÞ Coloum Lke {krníke Row {kt ykðu Au ?
- WinZip - Transpose
 18

126. økxh {kSoLk yux÷u þwt ? 148. fÞwt Media Player LkÚke ?
- Binding {kxu Document {kt Akuzðk{kt ykðu÷e søÞk. - Word Media Player
127. Internet WÃkhÚke File PC {kt ÷uðkLke «r¢Þk 149. HTML yu þwt Au ?
- Downloading - M¢eÃxªøk ¼k»kk
128. MS-Presentation {kt Lkðe Slide W{uhðk 150. IPV4
- Ctrl + M - 32 Bit
129. Excel {kt ðíko{kLk íkkhe¾ Lkkt¾ðk 151. MS-Paint Lkwt Extension
- = today() - .bmp
130. VkE÷, Folder Lkk r[ºkkí{f YÃkLku þwt fnu Au ? 152. RAM yLku ROM fÞk «fkhLke Memory Au ?
- Icon
- «kÞ{he {u{he
131. Presentation {kt çkÄe s M÷kEz yufe MkkÚku òuðkLkku çkkh
153. xÙuf yLku Mkuõxh þuLkk MkkÚku Mktf¤kÞu÷k þçËku Au ?
- Slide Shorter View
- Hard Disk
132. Ctrl + W
154. CD Write fhðkLke Process
- Word Lke VkE÷ çktÄ fhðk
133. Error Lkwt çkeswt Lkk{ - Burn Process
- Bug 155. VGA
134. fÞk Program îkhk VkE÷Lke Size ½xkze þfkÞ Au ? - Visual Graphic Array/Adapter
- WinZip 156. Linux {kt MKdir
135. HTML þuLkk {kxu ðÃkhkÞ Au ? - Lkðe Directory çkLkkððk
- ðuçkÃkusLkk Programming {kxu 157. Animation {kxu fÞwt slw use ÚkkÞ Au ?
136. Login Name yLku Password Enter fhðkLke r¢ÞkLku þwt fnuðkÞ Au ? - Maya
- Authentication 158. SQL
137. Private Network Lku çknkhLkk Attack Úke çk[kððk - Structure Query Language
- Firewall 159. MS-Excel {kt Default Sheet
138. OS fÞwt fk{ fhíkwt LkÚke ? - 3 Sheet
- Virus Attack yxfkððkLkwt 160. «Úk{ ÃkuZeLkk PC {kt þuLkku WÃkÞkuøk Úkíkku níkku ?
139. Internet - ðuõÞw{ xâwçk
- Network of Networks 161. çkuxhe Back up ykÃkðkLkwt fk{ fhíkwt Device
140. fE xkuÃkku÷kuS MkkiÚke rðïMkLkeÞ nkuÞ Au ? - UPS
- {uÃk xkuÃkku÷kuS 162. Dot Matric Printer fÞk «fkhLkwt Printer Au ?
141. CD-ROM þwt Au ?
- Impact Printer
- ykuÃxef÷ {u{he
163. MkkiÚke Ãknu÷wt Calculating Device
142. Printer Lke Quality þuLkk ÃkhÚke Lk¬e ÚkkÞ Au ?
- yçkkõMk (Abacus)
- DPI
164. Bit
143. fÞk rzðkEMk îkhk PC Lkuxðfo{kt òuzkÞ Au ?
- Binary Digit
- NIC
144. Digital Signature yux÷u þwt ? 165. VkuLk yLku Modem MkkÚkuLkk RLxhLkux òuzkýLku þwt fnu Au ?
- RrL¢Ãxuz {krníke - Dial Up Internet
145. Access {kt çkLkkðu÷e VkE÷Lkwt Extension 166. £e Software Foundation Lkk þkuÄf
- .mdb - rh[kzo Mxku÷{uLk
146. WçkLxw{kt [k÷w {kMk òuðkLkku f{kLz 167. Server WÃkh File {qfðkLke «r¢Þk
- $cal - Uploading
147. ykuÃkLk ðuçk MkðohLkwt Lkk{ 168. Webpage Lku Refresh fhðkLke Key
- Apache - F5
 19

169. Computer Lke Speed þu{kt {ÃkkÞ Au ? 190. IPV6

- MIPS - 128 Bit
170. JPEG 191. MS-Word Lkk Font Lke {n¥k{ Size
- Joint Photography Expert Group - 1638
171. CRT 192. MS-Word {kt Screen Split fhðk
- Cathod Ray Tube - View - Window - Split
172. «Úk{ Electronic Computer 193. MS-Word {kt çkeò Para Lke «Úk{ ÷kELk{kt sðk
- ENIAC - Ctrl + Down Key
173. ÃkkMkðzo Mkk{kLÞ heíku fux÷k yûkhkuLkku nkuÞ Au ? 194. DHCP
- 6 yûkh - Dynamic Host Control Protocol
174. Mktøkýf yux÷u þwt ? 195. F8 Key 3 ð¾ík «uMk fhíkk
- Computer - yk¾w ðkõÞ Select Úkþu.
175. .RPT Format 196. Drop-Cap Lke Default Line Cover fhu Au ?
- heÃkkuxo File - 3 ÷kELk
176. Powerpoint {kt Date {kxuLke Key 197. Control Panel {kt fÞku Option nkuíkku LkÚke ?
- My Account
- Alt + Shift + D
198. XML
177. Remote Login Lkwt çkeswt Lkk{
- Xtensible Markup Language
- Telnet
199. Open Office {kt Word suðwt fkÞo fhíkwt slw
178. IP Address Lke Range
- Writter
- 0-255
200. Network {kt hnu÷k Device Lku ykÃkðk{kt ykðíkk Address Lku þwt
179. ISOC
fnu Au ?
- Internet Society
- IP Address
180. CDMA
201. .org, .gov ðøkuhu þwt Au ?
- Code Division Multiple Access
- Domain
181. Power Point Lke «Úk{ Slide 202. fkuBÃÞwxhLke {krníkeLku LkwõMkkLk ÃknkU[kzLkkh
- xkEx÷ M÷kEz - Hacker
182. SLIP 203. fkuBÃÞwxhLke fkÞ{e Memory
- Serial Line Internet Protocol - HDD/FDD/ROM
183. PPP 204. IME
- Power to Point Protocol - Input Method Editor
184. Network Lkk Ëhuf Device Lku þwt fnu Au ? 205. MPEG4 Video Lkwt Extension
- Node - .mp4
185. ÃkkMf÷kELk þkuÄf 206. MS-Word {kt fux÷k Alignment nkuÞ Au ?
- çkuEÍ ÃkkMf÷ (£ktMk) - 4
186. Binary ytfLkk þkuÄf 207. CD/DVD {kt Data Lkwt MðYÃk
- Augsta Ada - Digital
187. VDU 208. Formula Bar fÞk slw {kt nkuÞ Au ?
- Monitor - MS Excel
188. Laptop fÞk «fkhLkwt Computer Au ? 209. AuÕ÷u fhu÷ku VuhVkh Ëqh fhðkLkwt Option
- Micro Computer - Undo
189. WWWW {kt AuÕ÷ku W 210. Recycle Bin {ktLke File Lku Permanent Delete fhðkLke Key
- Worm - Empty Recycle Bin
 20

211. .com 232. MS-Word, Excel, Powerpoint {kt fÞku Option File Menu {kt
- ðuçkMkkEx fku{ŠþÞ÷ Au. òuðk {¤íkku LkÚke ?
212. MS-Powerpoint Lke File Lku þwt fnu Au ? - Cancel
- Presentation 233. Full Screen Short Key
213. fÞk Printer {kt Toner WÃkÞkuøk{kt ÷uðkÞ Au ? - F11
- LaserJet
234. MS-Word {kt fE Facility {¤íke LkÚke ?
214. MS-Excel {kt ykðu÷e ykze/Q¼e ÷kELkLku þwt fnu Au ?
- Live Streaming
- Grid Line
235. ðuçkMkkEx
215. Hard Disk {kt hnu÷ku Data ÔÞðÂMÚkík økkuXððkLke r¢Þk
- Defragment (rz£uø{uLx) - HTML Pages Lkwt Collection
216. Software 236. World Lke «Úk{ ðuçkMkkEx fkuýu çkLkkðe níke ?
- yk¿kkykuLkku Mk{qn, OS, Computer Program - xe{ çkLkoMk÷e
217. AuÕ÷u fhu÷ fkÞo heÃkex fhðkLke Key 237. MS-Word {kt fÞk Bar {kt Command yLku Option ykðu÷k nkuÞ Au ?
- F4 - Menu Bar
218. Hyperlink Lkku f÷h 238. MS-Word {kt fÞk Bar Lkku Mk{kðuþ Úkíkku LkÚke ?
- Blue - Task Bar
219. JPEG 239. Ctrl + M
- Joint Photography Expert Group - «Úk{ ÷kELkLku Indent fhðk
220. MS-Excel Lke Formula fux÷k yûkh ÷ktçke nkuE þfu Au ?
240 FTP
- 255
- File Transfer Protocol
221. MAC
241. Hard Disk {kt hnu÷e {krníke fuðk «fkhLke nkuÞ Au ?
- Media Access Control
222. fkuBÃÞwxhLke ¾krMkÞík - MÚkkÞe (Non Volatile)
- ÍzÃke, [kufMkkE, MktøkúnþÂõík 242. Software yÚkðk Program {kt Error [uf fhðkLke «r¢Þk
223. PC {kt Audio Mkkt¼¤ðk fÞk Program Lkku WÃkÞkuøk ÚkkÞ Au ? - Debugging
- Window Media Player 243. MS-Word {kt fÞw Option ykðíkwt/nkuíkwt LkÚke ?
224. Macro Lke ShortKey - Center Indent
- Alt + F8 244. Refresh {kxuLke Short Key
225. DPI - F5
- Dots Per Inch 245. {kWMkLke Key çkË÷ðk {kxu
226. BIOS - Control Panel
- Basic Input Output System
246. PC çktÄ fhíkk Save Data fÞk Store ÚkkÞ Au ?
227. Taskbar Lke zkçke çkksw fÞwt çkxLk ykðu Au ?
- Hard Disk
- Start Button
247. PC ßÞkhu Hang ÚkkÞ íÞkhu PC çktÄ fhðk fE Key ðÃkhkÞ Au ?
228. [k÷w VkE÷Lku çkeò Lkk{u Save fhðk fÞwt Option ðÃkhkÞ Au ?
- Save As - Ctrl + Alt + Delete
229. fMkohLke Movement Control fhðk fÞwt Device ðÃkhkÞ Au ? 248. fkuBÃÞwxhLkk fkuEÃký Software çktÄ fhðkLke Key
- Track Ball (Mouse) - Alt + F4/ Ctrl + F4
230. Internet WÃkh Computer îkhk fhðk{kt ykðíkku ðuÃkkh 249. økrýík ûkuºku {kLkð fkuBÃÞwxhLkwt rçkhwË {u¤ðu÷
- E - Commerce - þtfwLíkkËuðe
231. Ctrl yLku Shift fuðe Key Au ? 250. IT ûkuºku ÞkuøkËkLk {kxu òýeíkk økwshkíkLkk ÃkLkkuíkk Ãkwºk
- Modifier Key - Ëuðktøk {nuíkk