SURPASS HiT 7070 Technical Description

SURPASS hiT 7070
Single Core
Double Core
Technical Description
Next Generation Multi-Service Provisioning Platform
This publication provides outline information only which (unless agreed by Company in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for
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© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights Reserved

Title: Technical Description SURPASS hiT 7070 File: SURPASS hiT 7070 TD.doc
Issue: Date: Ordering Nr./SNR Author: N. Pala
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 1/122
Disclaimer:
This Technical Description is provided as a generic descriptive document only. It does not
include any legally binding statement. The product features, and details thereof, discussed in
this Technical Description may include those that prove to be temporarily or permanently
unavailable.
© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 2/122
Contents
1 Introduction 6
2 General System Description 7
2.1 FUNDAMENTALS OF SURPASS HIT 7070.......................................................................................................... 7
2.2 SYSTEM APPLICATION ....................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.1 Terminal Multiplexer (TMX) ............................................................................................................... 10
2.2.2 Add Drop Multiplexer (ADMX)........................................................................................................... 10
2.2.3 Local Cross Connect (LXC) ................................................................................................................ 11
2.2.4 Metro WDM / Long-Haul DWDM Operation ..................................................................................... 11
2.2.5 40 Gbps Operation.............................................................................................................................. 12
2.3 CONTROL ARCHITECTURE ............................................................................................................................... 12
2.4 TIMING / SYNCHRONISATION ARCHITECTURE ................................................................................................. 13
2.5 SOFTWARE / FIRMWARE .................................................................................................................................. 13
2.6 AUTOMATIC LASER SHUTDOWN (ALS) ........................................................................................................... 14
2.7 SINGLE FIBER OPERATION ............................................................................................................................... 14
2.8 OVERHEAD ACCESS ......................................................................................................................................... 16
2.9 AUXILIARY CHANNELS (AUX) ........................................................................................................................ 18
2.10 ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE (EOW) ................................................................................................................ 18
2.11 OVERHEAD CROSS-CONNECTION (OHCC) ...................................................................................................... 19
2.12 PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE ........................................................................................................................... 21
2.12.1 SDH Traffic Protection ....................................................................................................................... 21
2.12.2 Packet Traffic Protection .................................................................................................................... 27
2.12.3 Hardware Protection .......................................................................................................................... 29
2.13 PERFORMANCE MONITORING........................................................................................................................... 35
2.14 MAINTENANCE & COMMISSIONING ................................................................................................................. 36
2.14.1 Maintenance Philosophy ..................................................................................................................... 36
2.14.2 Self Test/Test Access ........................................................................................................................... 36
3 Subsystems 37
3.1 POWER SUPPLY ................................................................................................................................................ 37
3.2 SWITCHING FABRIC ......................................................................................................................................... 37
3.2.1 VC 4 Switching Fabric (SF160G) ....................................................................................................... 37
3.2.2 VC-3/VC-12 Switching Fabric (SF10G) ............................................................................................. 38
3.2.3 RPR Packet Fabric.............................................................................................................................. 39
3.3 OPTICAL INTERFACES ...................................................................................................................................... 41
3.3.1 Optical Mux/Demux for 40 G Interface (IFS40G-MX) ....................................................................... 41
3.3.2 Single STM-64 Optical Interface (IFS10G) ........................................................................................ 42
3.3.3 Single STM-64 Optical Interface for 40G Optical Mux/Demux (IFS10G-WDM) ............................... 42
3.3.4 Single STM-64 Optical Interface for Metro WDM (IFS10G-M) ......................................................... 43
3.3.5 Single STM-64 Optical Interface for Long-Haul DWDM (IFS10G-L)................................................ 44
3.3.6 Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) modules.................................................................................... 46
3.3.7 Quad STM-16 Optical Interface (IFQ2G5)......................................................................................... 46
3.3.8 Single STM-16 Optical Interface (IFS2G5) ........................................................................................ 47
3.3.9 Single STM-16 Optical Interface for WDM (IFS2G5-WDM).............................................................. 47
3.3.10 Quad STM-4 Optical Interface (IFQ622M) ........................................................................................ 48
3.3.11 Octal STM-1 Optical Interface (IFO155M) ........................................................................................ 48
3.3.12 Single Port Optical Booster Card (IFSOB, IFSOB-PDC) .................................................................. 48
3.3.13 Single Port Optical Pre-Amplifier and Booster Card (IFSOA, IFSOA-PDC) .................................... 49
3.4 ELECTRICAL INTERFACES ................................................................................................................................ 49
3.4.1 8-port STM-1 Electrical Interface (IFO155M-E)................................................................................ 49
3.4.2 2 Mbps PDH Interface (IF2M)............................................................................................................ 49
3.4.3 34/45 Mbps PDH Interface (IF345M)................................................................................................. 49
3.5 ETHERNET INTERFACES ................................................................................................................................... 50
3.5.1 4-port Gigabit Ethernet Optical, Electrical – IFQGBE(-E)................................................................ 53
3.5.2 4-port Gigabit Ethernet Optical, Electrical with Concentrator option – IFQGBEB(-E).................... 53
3.5.3 8-port Fast Ethernet Optical, Electrical – IFOFE(-E), IFOFES-E .................................................... 55
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 3/122
3.6 MICROSHELF CORE (ESM-CORE) CARD......................................................................................................... 56
3.7 LINK CARD WITH QUAD 622MBPS CONNECTIONS (LNQ622M) ....................................................................... 57
3.8 SYSTEM CONTROLLER OVERHEAD (SCOH) .................................................................................................... 57
3.9 CLOCK LINE UNIT (CLU) ................................................................................................................................ 57
4 Subrack and Rack Configurations 60
4.1 CARD EQUIPPING OF SURPASS HIT 7070 DOUBLE CORE .............................................................................. 60
4.2 CARD EQUIPPING OF SURPASS HIT 7070 SINGLE CORE ................................................................................ 61
4.3 CARD EQUIPPING OF SURPASS HIT 7070 PDH MICROSHELF ....................................................................... 62
4.4 RACK EQUIPPING WITH SINGLE CORE SUBRACKS............................................................................................ 63
4.5 RACK EQUIPPING WITH DOUBLE CORE SUBRACKS .......................................................................................... 64
5 Extension Shelf 69
5.1 LAMBDASHELF (FSP 3000) ............................................................................................................................. 69
5.2 PDH MICROSHELF .......................................................................................................................................... 70
6 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS 72
6.1 POWER SUPPLY........................................................................................................................................... 72
6.2 EQUIPMENT WEIGHT................................................................................................................................. 73
6.3 OPTICAL PLANNING DATA ...................................................................................................................... 73
6.3.1 Optical STM-1 Interface...................................................................................................................... 73
6.3.2 Optical STM-4 Interface...................................................................................................................... 75
6.3.3 Optical STM-16 Interface.................................................................................................................... 78
6.3.4 Optical STM-16 Interface for Long-Haul Application (interworking with SURPASS hiT 7500 and
MTS1c) 84
6.3.5 Optical STM-64 Interface.................................................................................................................... 88
6.3.6 Optical STM-64 Interface for Long-Haul Application (interworking with SURPASS hiT 7500 and
MTS1c) 97
6.3.7 Optical STM-64 Interface for Metro Application (LambdaShelf – FSP 3000) ................................... 99
6.3.8 Optical Mux/Demux for 40 G (4x10G) Interface .............................................................................. 101
6.4 ELECTRICAL PLANNING DATA ....................................................................................................................... 104
6.4.1 Electrical STM-1 interface:............................................................................................................... 104
6.4.2 Electrical 2 Mbps interface ............................................................................................................... 104
6.5 ETHERNET PLANNING DATA .......................................................................................................................... 106
6.5.1 Optical Gigabit Ethernet Traffic Interface (1000 Base SX/LX) ........................................................ 106
6.5.2 Electrical Ethernet Traffic Interfaces................................................................................................ 107
6.6 MANAGEMENT AND OTHER INTERFACES ........................................................................................................ 108
6.6.1 F interface ......................................................................................................................................... 108
6.6.2 Q interface......................................................................................................................................... 108
6.6.3 2-Wire interface for an analogue handset......................................................................................... 108
6.6.4 4-Wire E&M Interface ...................................................................................................................... 108
6.6.5 Interface for 64 kbps data channels .................................................................................................. 109
6.6.6 TIF interface ..................................................................................................................................... 109
6.6.7 Interfaces for network clock synchronisation.................................................................................... 109
6.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS........................................................................................................... 110
6.8 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY................................................................................................ 110
6.9 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PARAMETERS ................................................................................ 111
6.9.1 Parameters for SDH Signals ............................................................................................................. 111
6.9.2 Parameters for Ethernet Cards ......................................................................................................... 114
7 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS 117
8 RELATED DOCUMENTS 120
9 ANNEX 122
9.1.1 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) ............................................................................................................. 122
9.1.2 Card Release Table ........................................................................................................................... 122
9.1.3 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP).................................................................................................. 122
9.1.4 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) ....................................................................................... 122
9.1.5 Protection Schemes in the SURPASS hiT 70series............................................................................ 122
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 4/122
Tables and Figures
Figure 1: Future Traffic Growth ................................................................................................................................ 6

Figure 2.1a: Different switching fabrics within a single platform ............................................................................. 8
Figure 2.1b: GFP interfaces for SURPASS hiT 7070 ................................................................................................ 8
Figure 2.2.1: Point to Point link with SURPASS hiT 7070 ..................................................................................... 10
Figure 2.2.2: ADMX in a Linear Add Drop Topology ............................................................................................ 10
Figure 2.2.3: Local Cross Connect in SURPASS hiT 7070 ..................................................................................... 11
Figure 2.2.4: Direct Interworking with Metro-WDM and Long-Haul DWDM ....................................................... 11
Figure 2.2.5: 40 Gbps operation via Optical Mux/Demux...................................................................................... 12
Figure 2.7b: Direction Mismatch alarming due to fiber interruption ....................................................................... 15
Figure 2.7c: Single fiber mode for STM-64............................................................................................................. 16
Table 2.8: OH Connection point types..................................................................................................................... 17
Table 2.9: HCOC Group definitions ........................................................................................................................ 18
Figure 2.11: The Overhead Cross-Connection Function (OHCC) ........................................................................... 19
Table 2.11: Possible OH / DCC connection types ................................................................................................... 20
Figure 2.12.1a: Traffic flow for 1+1 MSP in normal (above) and protection switching (below) states ................. 21
Figure 2.12.1b: Example of 1+1 MSP port protection ............................................................................................. 22
Figure 2.12.1c: Example of 1:N MSP port protection ............................................................................................. 24
Figure 2.12.1d: SNCP in SURPASS hiT 7070 ....................................................................................................... 25
Figure 2.12.1e: Example of BSHR-2 on a per port basis ........................................................................................ 26
Figure 2.12.1f: Example of BSHR-4 on a per port basis......................................................................................... 27
Figure 2.12.2a: Relationship between the Ethernet and SDH layer ........................................................................ 27
Figure 2.12.2b: Fiber failure between Node 18 and 63........................................................................................... 28
Figure 2.12.2c: Pass-through mode in case of failure ............................................................................................. 29
Figure 2.12.3a: Port protection concept ................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 2.12.3b: Example of 1+1 card protection .................................................................................................... 30
Figure 2.12.3c: Examples of 1:N card protection ................................................................................................... 31
Figure 2.12.3d: Card protection requirements for client equipment ........................................................................ 31
Figure 2.12.3e: 1:N Protection for the 2 Mbps interfaces ....................................................................................... 32
Figure 2.12.3f: 1+1 Protection for the 34/45 Mbps interfaces ................................................................................ 33
Figure 2.12.3g: Protection schemes for the PDH Microshelf ................................................................................. 34
Figure 3.2.1: Basic Architecture of SURPASS hiT 7070 ....................................................................................... 37
Figure 3.2.2: TDM Traffic Processing within SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core and Double Core ........................ 39
Figure 3.4 : Traffic Shaping for Stream traffic ........................................................................................................ 40
Figure 3:5 : Block Diagram of the IFS40G-MX ...................................................................................................... 41
Figure 3.6: G.709 framing within IFS10G-M .......................................................................................................... 43
Table 3.3.3: Wavelength Scheme for IFS10G-M..................................................................................................... 43
Table 3.3.5: Wavelength Scheme for IFS10G-L...................................................................................................... 45
Figure 3.5a : GFP Framing of an Ethernet MAC Frame as recommended by ITU-T G.7041 ................................. 52
Figure 3.5b : GFP mapping within a SDH container ............................................................................................... 52
Figure 3.5.2a: VLAN Concentrator Port Multiplexing ............................................................................................ 54
Figure 3.5.2b: VLAN Concentrator Port Multiplexing without GFP subchannels .................................................. 54
Table 3.5: Mapping details of the SURPASS hiT 7070 GFP interfaces .................................................................. 56
Figure 3.8 : SETS process within SURPASS hiT 7070 ........................................................................................... 59
Figure 4.1: Front view of SURPASS hiT 7070 Double Core .................................................................................. 60
Figure 4.2: Front view of SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core.................................................................................... 61
Figure 4.3: Front view of SURPASS hiT 7070 PDH MicroShelf............................................................................ 62
Figure 4.4: Two SURPASS hiT 7070 SC within an ETSI rack ............................................................................... 63
Figure 4.5: One SURPASS hiT 7070 DC within an ETSI rack ............................................................................... 64
Figure 4.6: One SURPASS hiT 7070 DC and one SURPASS hiT 7070 SC within an ETSI rack .......................... 65
Figure 4.7: Two SURPASS hiT 7070 DC within a rack.......................................................................................... 66
Figure 4.8: One SURPASS hiT 7070 DC and one Microshelf within a rack........................................................... 67
Figure 5.1a: Wavelength Grid of the LambdaShelf (FSP 3000) .............................................................................. 69
Figure 5.1b: Multiplexing Hierarchy within the LambdaShelf (FSP 3000)............................................................. 70
Figure 5.2: Interconnection in between Core and MicroShelf – with protection ..................................................... 71

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 5/122
1 Introduction
For almost two decades, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) has been the preferred transport
technology over optical fibers. SDH is the dominant transport protocol in virtually all long-haul
networks (voice and data) as well as in metro networks that were originally developed for voice
traffic. As a resilient, well-understood transport mechanism, SDH has stood the test of time. Its
reliability is unsurpassed. The ability of SDH to support 50-msec switching to backup paths,
combined with extensive performance monitoring features has resulted in the 99.999%
availability that distinguishes carrier-class transport.
Legacy SDH was designed mainly to transport circuit oriented services like voice and as such
is an inherently rigid and inefficient method for transporting data. Traditionally a single wire
speed Gigabit Ethernet service (1.25G) will be allocated to one STM-16 channel (2.5G). This
means 48 % of the of this STM-16 pipe remains as idle capacity.
1000
Internet
100
Tbit/s Phone
10
10
Intranet
1
WAN
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
0
Figure 1: Future Traffic Growth
The phenomenal growth in bandwidth, connectivity and content generated by the Internet,
Intranet and broadband applications, has made native data transfer a very important criteria for
telecommunication infrastructure (see Figure 1). Ethernet has become the de facto standard for
enterprise networks. In Storage Area Network (SAN), ESCONTM, FICONTM and Fiber Channel
are by far today‘s most dominating technology as well.
The solution is Next Generation SDH—technology that transforms rigid, circuit-oriented SDH
networks to a universal transport mechanism that is optimised for both voice and data. The
technology enables carriers to keep up with growing demands for bandwidth, to efficiently
carry both streaming and bursty traffic, and adapt to constantly changing traffic patterns.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 6/122
Multiple protocols and thus services are supported: from basic TDM voice, Ethernet , as well as
SAN.
Siemens has introduced a new range of equipment that makes the promise of Next Generation
SDH a reality: the SURPASS hiT 70series. This platform provides the flexibility of true packet
switching and Ethernet transport, while operating with the inherent reliability of SDH. Multiple
network elements are integrated and consolidated into a single compact unit. The efficiency of
this approach, together with extensive use of highly integrated components allows the
SURPASS hiT 70series to be offered at lower costs than current solutions.
In order to address the varying needs and requirements of carrier‘s carrier, carriers and
enterprises, the SURPASS hiT 70 series consists of a diverse range of products, namely
SURPASS hiT 7070 Double Core (DC)

SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core (SC)
SURPASS hiT 7050 FlatPack 1 and Compact Core (CC)
Note: This Technical Description covers only SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core and Double
Core. SURPASS hiT 7050 FlatPack 1 and CC is not part of the scope of this document.
2 General System Description
2.1 Fundamentals of SURPASS hiT 7070
The 90s saw a remarkable content explosion fueled by the Internet. Content becomes more
colourful while traffic requirement becomes more diversified than ever. This ever-growing
multi-service environment is calling for a single, cost-effective platform that scales well and is
built to handle bursty packet plus traditional narrowband and wideband traffic.
As next generation 10 Gbps SDH system, both SURPASS hiT 7070 Double and Single Core
comes with TDM and packet switching fabrics, a key differentiating factor from today’s SDH
equipments.
The SURPASS hiT 7070 Network elements may be primarily used as Add Drop Multiplexer
ADM type, as Termination Multiplexer TMX type and as Local Crossconnect LCX type. The
SDH multiplexing is performed according ITU/ETSI standards.
The TDM switching fabric within SURPASS hiT 7070 Double and Single Core, comes in two
different granularities: VC-4 and VC-3/12.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 7/122
The SURPASS hiT 7070 DC supports an overall traffic-capacity of up to 1024 x 1024 ( SC
supports 708x708) STM-1 equivalents with HO granularity (VC-4) and n1 times 16 x 16 STM-
1 (64 x 64 STM-1) equivalents with LO granularity (VC-12 and VC-3) (optionally). Both HO
and LO Switching Fabric can be accommodated within a single subrack (Figure 2.1a).
VC-4
switch
SURPASS hiT 7070

SingleCore
SURPASS hiT 7070
DoubleCore
VC-12
switch
Figure 2.1a: Different switching fabrics within a single platform
By allowing different TDM fabrics to converge under one common platform, SURPASS hiT
7070 is effectively transformed to a 10 Gbps system with scalable switching granularity from
VC 4 right down to VC 12.
In addition to TDM switching fabric, SURPASS hiT 7070 Double and Single Core can also be
equipped with RPR switching fabric. This packet switching fabric operates like a Layer 2
switch. It terminates the VCs, extracts the Ethernet frames from the VCs and then switches the
frames to its destination port based on the Ethernet MAC address.
Apart from the standard SDH and PDH cards, SURPASS hiT 7070 comes with also additional
Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) interfaces. As the demand to transport data protocols over
today’s public telecommunication infrastructure grows, the idea of encapsulating packets inside
SDH envelope came around. Unfortunately, a lot of today’s Packet over SDH (PoS)
technology is either proprietary or inefficient in accommodating the bursty nature of IP packets.
Due to this inherent shortcomings, a new generic but standardized framing mechanism for data
is defined.
GFP or ITU-T G.7041, was defined by ITU and also ANSI, as a generic mechanism to adapt
today’s data protocols to a byte-aligned network like SDH. GFP supports a variety of LAN and
SAN protocols like Ethernet, IP, ESCONTM and FICONTM. Figure 2.1b illustrates the GFP
based data interface cards for SURPASS hiT 7070
..
4 x GbE GFP 10 GbE GFP 8 x FE
. GFP 2 x FICON GFP
Figure 2.1b: GFP interfaces for SURPASS hiT 7070
1
n is the number of LO switch cards
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 8/122
Major Features
• Non-Blocking 160G@VC-4 and 10G@VC-12 Switching Granularity
• Packet fabrics (Resilient Packet Ring – RPR, MPLS) to realize L2 switching
• Packet traffic grooming for Point to Multi-points connection
• Multi Service Platform: 2M, 34/45M, 155M, STM-1/4/16, GFP for 10/100BT, GbE,
SAN interfaces (FICON, Fiber Channel) for core; STM-16, GFP for 10GbE
• Support of concatenated services
• SONET transparency (OC-3c, OC-12c, OC-48c, OC-192c)
• Variety of STM-64 Interfaces including “colored WDM” interface for Metro WDM
and Long-Haul DWDM
• Extensive protection features (SNCP, MSP, BSHR, Hardware)
• Support for low priority traffic
• Single Fiber Operation
• Extension Shelf solutions (LambdaShelf, PDH MicroShelf, FlexShelf, AmplifierShelf)
• Best in-class Management TNMS-Core
• Ring interconnection for rings on all traffic ports
• Automatic laser shutdown in case of a link interruption (fiber break) acc. to ITU –T
G.664 and ITU –T G.958.
• NE auto-link detection and Easy Equipping
• Wide range of interfaces for additional service and data channels including EOW and
full DCC processing.
• Supervision concept in accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.784; interfaces for Local Craft
Terminal (F-interface) and TMN (Q-interface).
• Extensive use of dedicated integrated circuitry thus permitting a very compact design,
low power requirement and high reliability
2.2 System Application
There are several scenarios whereby SURPASS hiT 7070 can be deployed:
• Terminal Multiplexer (TMX)
• Add Drop Multiplexer (ADMX)
• Local Cross Connect (LXC)
Furthermore 7070 DC and SC can also support Metro WDM / Long-Haul DWDM Operation as
well as 40 Gbps Operation.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 9/122
2.2.1 Terminal Multiplexer (TMX)
Working Line
SURPASS SURPASS
hiT 7070 hiT 7070
TMX TMX
Protection Line
TDM/Data traffic TDM/Data traffic
Figure 2.2.1: Point to Point link with SURPASS hiT 7070
Figure 2.2.1 illustrates a straightforward point to point network with one TMX at the
transmitting end and another at the receiving end.
At the TMX, the client equipment is connected to the TMX through the tributary interfaces. A
single VC 4 switching fabric in SURPASS hiT 7070 DC can add/drop up to a total of
1024x1024 VC 4 equivalent at any station. In addition, a VC 3/12 switching fabric can also be
cascaded with the existing VC 4 switching fabric, if lower order switching granularity is
required.
Apart from that, if native Ethernet frame handling is required, then the TMX can also be
equipped with GFP traffic interfaces.
2.2.2 Add Drop Multiplexer (ADMX)
Working Line
SURPASS SURPASS SURPASS
hiT 7070 hiT 7070 hiT 7070
TMX Protection Line
ADMX TMX
TDM/Data traffic TDM/Data traffic TDM/Data traffic
Figure 2.2.2: ADMX in a Linear Add Drop Topology
An ADMX is normally used at an intermediate site to add/drop client traffic. In Figure 2.2.2,
an ADMX is located in between two TMXs. At the ADMX, selected traffic are add/drop either
at VC 4 or VC 3/12 level, while through connected traffic are transparently passed through.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 10/122
2.2.3 Local Cross Connect (LXC)
Typically, an operator’s network consists not only of a single ring but multiple rings, with each
ring covering different geographical boundary. SURPASS hiT 7070 can be deployed at the
hub of the network as a LXC, routing transit traffic going from one ring to another ring.
SURPASS
hiT 7070 Line
LXC
TDM/Data traffic
Figure 2.2.3: Local Cross Connect in SURPASS hiT 7070
With a fully 100 % non blocking switching fabric, any cross connection between line to line,
trib to trib, trib to line or line to trib can be realized.
2.2.4 Metro WDM / Long-Haul DWDM Operation

Today’s SDH equipments are no longer deployed in a standalone environment. As SDH and
WDM become the dominant technology at the physical layer, a vast majority of today’s SDH
equipments are being deployed as a feeder to Metro-WDM and Long-Haul DWDM networks.
Hence, in SURPASS hiT 7070 DC and SC, there will be 32 wavelengths of colored 10 Gbps
Metro interfaces for direct interworking with hiT 7070 LambdaShelf (FSP3000) and 80
wavelengths (Tunable Laser) of colored 10 Gbps Long-Haul interfaces for direct interworking
with SURPASS hiT 7500.
10 Gbps
Metro /
SURPASS Long-Haul 32 / 80 x 10 Gbps
hiT 7070 (D)WDM
Figure 2.2.4: Direct Interworking with Metro-WDM and Long-Haul DWDM

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 11/122
2.2.5 40 Gbps Operation
As the optical industry gears itself to migrate to a higher data rate, the next logical step will be
40 Gbps.
Thus, in SURPASS hiT 7070 DC and SC, 40 Gbps operations is realized with the help of an
optical mux/demux. The 40 Gbps optical mux/demux aggregates 4 x 10 Gbps into a single
optical 40G signal.
λ1
10 Gbps
λ2
10 Gbps M 40 Gbps
λ3 U
10 Gbps
λ4
X
10 Gbps
Figure 2.2.5: 40 Gbps operation via Optical Mux/Demux
2.3 Control Architecture
System control and monitoring is performed by a distributed architecture of interconnected

microprocessors, Alarm and status information is processed on each unit by an independent
microprocessor ‘Card Controller Module’ (CCM). The main controller ‘System Controller and
Overhead Processor’ (SCOH) monitors and controls all components of the SURPASS hiT 7070
network element. The SCOH will communicate with the traffic cards via different internal
interfaces:
• Internal LAN interfaces 100BASE-T is used for the exchange of control messages
between CCM/SCOH controllers
• Internal CAN bus is used for transport of SSM information between any traffic port
and CLU in both directions.
• Internal P-CAN bus is for exchange of protection messages only
• DOH bus for transfer of DCC and overhead bytes
The Q is a ITU-T M3010 interface with high speed Ethernet access (10/100 BASE-T full/half-
duplex with an RJ-45 connector). The SCOH also provides an F interface to a Local Craft
Terminal (LCT).
For feature enhancements or debugging, software download is possible for all units of the
system. During download the traffic is not affected.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 12/122
2.4 Timing / Synchronisation Architecture
In SURPASS hiT SC and DC the SETS is located at dedicated CLU (clock unit) cards.
The following synchronisation sources are provided:

• From any received STM-N line or STM-N tributary signal.
• From a 2.048 kHz signal (acc. G.811) received at a synchronisation interface port.
• Optional input/output at 2048kbps incl. SSMB processing in T3 and T4.
• From an internal oscillator.
Functionality:
• Support of Synchronous Status Message Byte (S1) on any SDH traffic interface.
• Up to 10 sync sources (8 from SDH/SONET IF and 2 physical inputs) can be configured at
the same time for internal clock T0 as potential timing sources for priority list.
• Up to 8 sync sources (8 from SDH/SONET IF) can be configured at the same time for
external clock T4 as potential timing sources for priority list.
• Separate priority lists for T0 and T4.
• Two physical timing outputs (T4, 2048 kHz, 75 Ohm unbalanced or 120 Ohm balanced, no
SSM-byte).
• Two physical timing inputs (T3, 2048 kHz, 75 Ohm unbalanced or 120 Ohm balanced, no
SSM-byte).
• Optional T3/T4 inputs/outputs at 2048kbps incl. SSMB processing.
As an option the Clock Unit (CLU) can be duplicated in DC and SC.
2.5 Software / Firmware
Each card has an on-board micro-controller for the purpose of monitoring, controlling, and
maintaining status information. It is programmed with embedded firmware held in EPROMs.
A software download facility is available for all units. The download is provided via element
manager or local craft terminal, for both remotely or locally.
The internal configuration database of the system can be up - and downloaded. It is stored
redundant and robust to any card failure.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 13/122
2.6 Automatic Laser Shutdown (ALS)
In order to eliminate any danger of injury due to laser radiation from a broken fiber, all the
optical SDH interfaces in the SURPASS hiT 70 series supports Automatic Laser Shutdown
(ALS) functionality.
Whenever a SDH interface detects a Loss of Signal (LOS) for 500ms, it will enter into an ALS
state. The interface will then start sending a restart pulse (with a width of 2s), for every 100s. If
the failure is fixed and the system detects that LOS has disappeared for at least 3s, the system
will then return back to Normal Operation mode.
The ALS functionality of the SURPASS hiT 70 NE’s can be disabled. If the ALS is disabled,
the laser will always be switched on regardless of the circumstances. For test and monitoring
purposes, an operator can also initiate a Forced Shutdown of the laser via the LCT.
The optical safety procedure of ALS mechanism for the SURPASS hiT 70 series is in
accordance to ITU-T G.664. (The Ethernet interface in SURPASS hiT 7070/ 7050 by nature is
a Class 1 Laser product. Thus, it will not equipped with any ALS functionality)
Note: IFS10G-M uses a different ALS mechanism than the one explained above. In IFS10G-M,
the near end transmitter always sends a pulse with 1ms duration for every 10s. The in-line
amplifiers will detect this pulse and after n x 10 ( n refers to the total number of amplifiers
being cascaded together), the 1ms pulse will be detected by the far end receiver. As a response,
the far end receiver will send a pulse with 3 ms, for every 10s. Once the near end detects the
response pulse from the far end receiver, it will switch on its laser. On the other hand, if the
near end transmitter has not received any response, it will restart the whole process all over
again.
2.7 Single Fiber Operation
SURPASS hiT 7070 provides separate connectors for the transmitting and receiving optical
signals. Normally a fiber pair will be used to establish an optical STM-N connection. By using
the configurable single fiber mode it is possible to establish an optical STM-1/4/16/64
connection using a single fiber which carries the signals in both directions.
Single fiber operation can be a feasible solution for networks with limited fiber resources.
However it must be noted that the use of the single fiber mode will reduce the achievable span
performance.
When an interface is used in single fiber mode, automatic link detection remains possible for
this interface. The single fiber mode can be configured to be compatible to Siemens legacy
SMA S4 and SL64 systems.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 14/122
For the services STM-1, STM-4 and STM-16 the combination of the two optical paths is done
with a 3dB coupler (see Figure 2.7a).
L-1.2/3 L-1.2/3
L-4.2/3 L-4.2/3
L-16.2/3 L-16.2/3
Tx 1 Rx 1
3dB-coupler
3dB-coupler
Rx 2 Tx 2
connector
Figure 2.7a: Single fiber mode for STM-1,4,16
In case of an interruption of the fiber (fiber break or unplugged connector) some light is
reflected (see Figure 2.7b). It is therefore possible that a receiver will not detect LOS and
therefore doesn’t perform a laser shutdown and/or MS-protection switch. To trigger laser
shutdown and multiplex section protection switching in such cases it is necessary that the
receiver checks whether it is receiving the signal transmitted from the same port or not. The
card shall detect a Direction Mismatch in such a case and raise a Direction Mismatch alarm.
STM-N
optical
IN A~3dB
OUT
STM-N
optical
AIS
A~3dB
J0 Reflection
= ALS
J0
Figure 2.7b: Direction Mismatch alarming due to fiber interruption

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 15/122
For STM-64 single fiber mode the former solution with a red/blue filter is used (see Figure
2.7c). Using a red/blue filter in combination with high return loss (HRL) connectors for
combining the optical paths ensures laser safety Class 1 in that sense that the optical near end
receiver will never detect its own signal.
STM-64 STM-64
red/blue filter blue/red filter
interface interface
Tx OB OB Tx
Rx Rx
connector HRL connector
Figure 2.7c: Single fiber mode for STM-64
2.8 Overhead Access
SURPASS hiT 7070 provides access to overhead bytes in accordance to ITU-T G.707. This is
implemented in the Overhead Module (OHM) located within the SCOH. Overhead access to all
SDH SOH-bytes (of STM-N, SOH number 1) is possible.
Access to the POH byte F2 is possible at path terminating points (in the low-order switch
fabric). This allows the control of a remote network termination equipment (e.g. SMA1k or
SURPASS hiT 7050) via a DCC built with the F2 byte with a transport capacity of 64kb/s.
Furthermore this DCC can be tunnelled through third-party SDH networks.
Overhead access is also used for the processing of Auxiliary (AUX) and Engineering Order
Wire (EOW) channels. Sections 2.9 and 2.10 provides further details on AUX and EOW
functionalities.
Table 2.8 gives an overview to the accessible overhead bytes, which are defined for use as
overhead channels with SURPASS hiT 7070.
• EOW channels – bytes E1 and/or E2 (see Section 2.10 for details)
• An RSOH user definable channel – byte F1
• DCCR channels – bytes D1 – D3
• DCCM channels – bytes D4 – D12
• Special DCCs – byte F2
• A set of MSOH bytes is defined for use as one high capacity overhead channel (HCOC)
and/or for 64kb/s channels accessible via X.21 interfaces (see Section 2.9).

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 16/122
RSOH E1 (2,4,1)
F1 (2,7,1)
NU (2,8,1)
Unused (3,8,1)
DCCR (combined CP for bytes (3,1,1), (3,4,1) and (3,7,1))
MSOH E2 (9,7,1)
Z1 (9,2,1) and (9,3,1)
Z2 (9,4,1) and (9,5,1)
Unused: (5,5,1), (5,6,1), (5,8,1), (5,9,1), (6,2,1), (6,3,1), (6,5,1),
(6,6,1), (6,8,1), (6,9,1), (7,2,1), (7,3,1), (7,5,1), (7,6,1), (7,8,1), (7,9,1),
(8,2,1), (8,3,1), (8,5,1), (8,6,1), (8,8,1), (8,9,1)
NU: (9,8,1) and (9,9,1)
High Capacity Overhead Channels (HCOC)1:

HCOC3 Group 1 (combined CP for bytes (5,5,1), (5,6,1) and (5,8,1))
HCOC9 Group 1 (combined CP for bytes (5,9,1), (6,2,1), (6,3,1),
(6,5,1), (6,6,1), (6,8,1), (6,9,1), (7,2,1) and (7,3,1))
HCOC9 Group 2 (combined CP for bytes (7,9,1), (8,2,1), (8,3,1),
(8,5,1), (8,6,1), (8,8,1), (8,9,1), (9,8,1) and (9,9,1))
HCOC27 (combined CP for bytes (5,5,1), (5,6,1), (5,8,1), (5,9,1),
(6,2,1), (6,3,1), (6,5,1), (6,6,1), (6,8,1), (6,9,1), (7,2,1), (7,3,1), (7,5,1),
(7,6,1), (7,8,1), (7,9,1), (8,2,1), (8,3,1), (8,5,1), (8,6,1), (8,8,1), (8,9,1),
(9,2,1), (9,3,1), (9,4,1), (9,8,1) and (9,9,1))
DCCM (combined CP for bytes (6,1,1), (6,4,1), (6,7,1), (7,1,1),

(7,4,1), (7,7,1), (8,1,1), (8,4,1) and (8,7,1))
POH F2
EOWC2 Engineering Order Wire Conference
1
RM Ring Manager
1
V.11 / X.21 4 external interfaces
Note: The SOH numbering scheme (a, b, c) defines the row (a), the multi-column of an STM-
1 channel (b) and the STM channel within the STM-N signal (c).
Table 2.8: OH Connection point types
1
HCOCs or High Capacity Overhead channels, are used for management of a 3rd party equipment over the X.21
interfaces
2
At the SCOH
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 17/122
2.9 Auxiliary Channels (AUX)
SURPASS hiT 7070 provides multiple X.21 synchronous data channels (High Capacity
Overhead Channels, HCOC) with selectable capacities of 64 kbps, 192 kbps, 576 kbps, 1728
Mbps (n x 64 kbps where n = 1, 3, 9, 27). This can be used to provide broadband access for
management of third-party equipment. The actual number of AUX channels is limited by the
number of free MSOH bytes available. The HCOCs can be accessed externally via four AUX
(RS485) interfaces. For further details regarding the definition of HCOCs refer to Table 2.9.
(5,5,1)
HCOC3
(5,6,1)
Group1
(5,8,1)
(5,9,1)
(6,2,1)
(6,3,1)
(6,5,1)
HCOC9
(6,6,1)
Group1
(6,8,1)
(6,9,1)
(7,2,1)
(7,3,1)
(7,5,1)
HCOC27
1728kb/s
HCOC3
(7,6,1)
Group2
(7,8,1)
(7,9,1)
HCOC3
(8,2,1)
Group3
(8,3,1)
HCOC9
(8,5,1)
Group2 HCOC3
(8,6,1)
Group4
(8,8,1)
(8,9,1) HCOC3 Group5
(9,2,1)
(9,3,1)
(9,4,1)
(9,8,1) HCOC3
HCOC9 Group2
(9,9,1) Group5
Table 2.9: HCOC Group definitions
2.10 Engineering Order Wire (EOW)
The EOW processing is implemented in the OHM located within the SCOH. The goal of EOW
processing is to support a telephone link to one or more other network elements by using the
RSOH byte E1 and MSOH byte E2 for EOW communication. A chain as well as a ring
configuration is supported. A EOW ring manager function is provided.
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 18/122
One EOW conference, which belongs to a party line consisting of one or several EOW
channels (using RS/E1 or MS/E2) is supported. The conference can support up to 8
participants. Selective and omnibus calling is supported.
An off-the-shelf 2-wire DTMF handset is supported. The handset provides a DTMF keypad
with 12 keys, a DTMF transmitter and a built-in ringer. An analogue 4-wire E & M telephone
interface is also provided by the OHM unit. The handset interface and the 4-wire E & M
telephone interface are fix connected to the EOW conference. The connection to the E1 and E2
bytes are configurable via QST. In each case, the ringer resides in the handset. So, when no
handset is connected, no ringing is performed.
The phone-internal ringer is activated if a call to the local telephone is detected and the handset
is not in use (i.e. not off-hook). A LED on the NEAP will be activated as an additional visual
call indicator. The conference status is indicated by means of this LED on the NEAP.
2.11 Overhead Cross-Connection (OHCC)
Switching of SDH overhead bytes (overhead cross-connection) is implemented in the Overhead

Cross-Connection Module (OHX) located within the SCOH. The switching granularity is 64
kbps. The maximum capacity of the OHX is 800 bytes, bi-directional.
digital 2-wire EOW

interface handset
A/D Coverter,
OH
EOWC Ringing
Bytes Generator etc.
fix connected
to EOWC 2-wire analogue
EOW handset
interface *
OHCC
A/D Coverter,
function optional E&M
# support etc.
digital 4-wire analogue

interface interface *
X.21
interfaces MCF * = External, physical interfaces
Figure 2.11: The Overhead Cross-Connection Function (OHCC)

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 19/122
The overhead cross-connection function allows the following flexible connections (see Table
2.8 for details):
• MCF using DCCR bytes or DCCM bytes or the F2 byte
• EOWC or 4-wire analogue interface using E1 byte and/or E2 byte
• X.21 interfaces using bytes
• RSOH, MSOH and POH bytes
In the case a HCOC is configured, all bytes of one port according to Table 2.8, or a set out of
these bytes according to Table 2.9 cannot be cross-connected as single bytes anymore, but as
blocks as defined in Table 2.9.
Table 2.11 gives an overview to the possible overhead cross-connections. Accessible via the
external, physical, interfaces X.21 are the bytes E1, F1, E2, NU, unused and F2. The
connection between EOWC and the 2-wire handset interface is not done via the OHCC.
E1, E2
NU, Unused
F1, Z1, Z2,
HCOC27
DCCR
DCCM
HCOC3
HCOC9
MCF
F2
EOWC
X.21
V.11 /
Connection
Point
CP1 / CP2
E1, E2 X X X X
F1, Z1, Z2,
X X X
NU, Unused
HCOC27 X X
DCCR X X X X1
DCCM X X X X1
HCOC3 X X X X1
HCOC9 X X X X1
F2 X X X1
RM X X
Table 2.11: Possible OH / DCC connection types
1
Bi-directional cross-connections and for test purposes, unidirectional cross connections
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 20/122
2.12 Protection Architecture
As today’s network carries more and more mission critical traffic, protection has become
increasingly critical. A properly protected network guarantees minimum downtime and thus
maximum service availability. In SURPASS hiT 7070, there are three protection schemes:
• SDH traffic protection
• Packet traffic protection
• Hardware protection (traffic interfaces, switch fabric, clock and fan unit)
The following sections assume working knowledge of standard SDH protection schemes. For
an introduction to protection schemes and their implementation under SURPASS hiT 70series
refer to the Annex.
2.12.1 SDH Traffic Protection
1+1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)

In 1+1 Linear MSP, the client traffic is always transmitted over the working and protection path
simultaneously. In the case of fiber break, the SDH card detects the fault and the switching
fabric will automatically select the incoming traffic from the protection path.
Working Card
Protection Card
Switching
fabric
Working fiber breaks

Working Card
Protection Card
Switching
fabric
Figure 2.12.1a: Traffic flow for 1+1 MSP in normal (above) and protection switching (below)
states
MSP can operate either in single-ended or dual-ended mode. By default, the MSP is always set
to non-revertive mode. However, from Rel 2.0 and onwards, revertive operation is also
possible. In revertive operation, the system will switch back to the working path as soon as the
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 21/122
failed section has been restored. The user will be allowed to set the Wait To Restore Time
from 1 to 12 minutes in the step of 1 minute. (The Wait To Restore Time refers to the switch
back time for the MSP switch after recovery from a failure)
The following traffic interfaces support 1+1 MSP:

• IFS10G STM-64 (1 port)
• IFS10G-M STM-64 coloured for Metro applications (1 port)
• IFS10G-L STM-64 coloured for Long-Haul applications (1 port)
• IFQ2G5 STM-16 (4 ports)
• IFS2G5 STM-16 (1 port)
• IFQ622M STM-4 (4 ports)
• IFO155M STM-1 (8 optical ports)
• IFO155M-E STM-1 (8 electrical ports)
All interfaces implement 1+1 MSP on a per-port basis, which means that not all ports on a card
have to participate in the protection scheme. See Figure 2.12.1b for an example.
Working Protection
card Protection group card
Three
MSP
port
pairs
Working port
Protection port
Figure 2.12.1b: Example of 1+1 MSP port protection
Protection switching is < 50 ms as recommended by ITU-T G.783. Furthermore, protection

switching for 1+1 Linear MSP can be initiated remotely via the TNMS CT (LCT mode). The
following external requests can be issued:
• LP (Lockout of Protection) – An external request which denies all normal traffic
signals to the protection section
• FS-W (Forced Switch to Working) - An external request which switches normal
traffic to working unless an equal or higher priority switch command is in effect
• FS-P (Forced Switch to Protection) – An external request which switches normal
traffic to protection unless an equal or higher priority switch command is in effect
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 22/122
• MS-W (Manual Switch to Working) – An external request of lower priority, which
initialized switching to the working channel
• MS-P (Manual Switch to Protection) – An external request of lower priority, which
initialized switching to the protection channel
• EXER (Exercise) – An external request for checking the response on APS bytes.
1:1 Linear MSP

Linear 1:1 MSP is similar to 1+1 MSP, except that the protection path can be used to transmit
low priority traffic under normal working conditions. The working path will be used to carry
the high priority traffic. If the working path breaks down, the low priority traffic will be pre-
empted, and the high priority traffic will be switched over to the protection path.
The following traffic interfaces support 1:1 MSP:
• IFS10G STM-64 (1 port)
• IFS10G-M STM-64 coloured for Metro application (1 port)
• IFS10G-L STM-64 coloured for working with hiT 7500 (1 port)
• IFQ2G5 STM-16 (4 ports)
• IFS2G5 STM-16 (1 port)
• IFO155M STM-1 (8 ports)
Similar to 1+1 Linear MSP, the protection switching time for 1:1 MSP is also < 50 ms.
1:N Linear MSP

The allowed range of N is 1 .. 141. The unused protection port carries extra traffic. In case of
multiple port failures, a priority scheme according to ITU-T G.841 determines which failed
working port will be protected: For each working port in the 1:N line MSP group the operator
can configure high or low priority.
The following interfaces support 1:N MSP:

• IFO155M STM-1 (8 ports)
All interfaces implement 1+1 MSP on a per-port basis, which means that not all ports on a card
have to participate in the protection scheme. See Figure 2.12.1c for an example.
1
Important note: Here the case of N = 1 is not identical to 1:1 MSP (described previously) because 1:N
MSP provides more flexible port assignments (see Annex for details)
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 23/122
Protection group
1:3 port
protection,
1:4 port
protection
Working port
Protection port
Figure 2.12.1c: Example of 1:N MSP port protection
1+1 Sub Network Connection Protection (SNCP)

SNCP is realized within the switching fabric itself. At the head end, the working and
protection signal is always broadcast simultaneously to the tail end. The switching fabric at the
tail end will then select either one of the signals.
In SURPASS hiT 7070, the 1+1 SNCP can be categorized into (i) High Order SNCP; (ii) Low
Order SNCP. The HO SNCP is realized within the SF160G while the LO SNCP is realized
within the SF10G. Both the HO and LO SNCP are handled independently. Thus, it is possible
to have both HO and LO SNCP working together simultaneously.
The implementation of 1+1 SNCP in SURPASS hiT 7070 is in accordance with ITU-T G.783.
It operates on the single ended mode and is always in non revertive mode. Protection switching
time is < 50 ms.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 24/122
Working Path
SF160G Tail End:

Head End: Selection
Permanent
Broadcast
Protection Path
Figure 2.12.1d: SNCP in SURPASS hiT 7070
2-Fiber MS-SPRing (BSHR-2) for STM-16/-64/-256

The 2 fiber BSHR implementation in SURPASS hiT 7070 supports a minimum of 3 NEs and a
maximum of 16 NEs. Multiple 2 fiber BSHR can be supported at 10G and 2.5G data speed by
SURPASS hiT 7070. In 2 fiber BSHR, half of the total ring capacity is always reserved for
protection. If a fiber break occurs, the traffic will be re-routed in the opposite direction via the
protection path, back to the terminating equipment. In SURPASS hiT 7070, the BSHR is
always in revertive mode. The Wait to Restore time can be configured from 1 to 12 minutes in
steps of 1 minute.
The following conditions will automatically trigger a protection switching:

• Signal Failure – Ring
• Signal Degrade – Ring
• Card Failure
In addition, an operator can also issued the following external protection switching request via
the LCT/NCT. The following switching requests can be issued via a LCT:
• Lockout of Working Channels
• Forced Switch – Ring
• Manual Switch – Ring
• Exerciser – Ring
Protection switching is controlled using the K1 and K2 bytes as recommended by ITU-T

G.841. Switching time is always < 50 ms.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 25/122
In particular the 4-port STM-16 interface implements BSHR-2 on a per-port basis, which
means that not all ports on a card have to participate in the protection scheme. See Figure
2.12.1e for an example.
Ring-west Ring-east
card Protection group card
st Three
we
st
ea BSHR-2
port pairs
BSHR-2
Figure 2.12.1e: Example of BSHR-2 on a per port basis
4-Fiber MS-SPRing (BSHR-4) for STM-16/-64

The 4 fiber BSHR supports a minimum of 3 NEs and a maximum of 16 NEs. Similar to 2 fiber
BSHR, the 4 fiber BSHR
• operates in revertive mode, with the Wait to Restore time configurable by the
operator
• protection switching is controlled using the K1 and K2 bytes as recommended by
ITU-T G.841
• switching time < 50 ms.
Apart from that, the squelch tables can be configured by the operator in order to avoid
misconnections in case of multiple span failures. (The squelch table is similar to a ring map
which consists of a list of all the nodes ID within the ring. It is used to ensure that all the traffic
enter and leave the correct node.)
In particular the 4-port STM-16 interface implements BSHR-4 on a per-port basis, which
means that not all ports on a card have to participate in the protection scheme. See Figure
2.12.1f for an example.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 26/122
Ring-west card Ring-east card
Working Protection Working Protection
st
we wes t st st Three
ea ea
BSHR-4
port pairs
BSHR-4
Working port
Protection port
Protection group
Figure 2.12.1f: Example of BSHR-4 on a per port basis
2.12.2 Packet Traffic Protection
Bridge / Router Bridge / Router
PHY-F GFP-F GFP-F PHY-F
Ethernet Ethernet
Transport Network
SDH
Figure 2.12.2a: Relationship between the Ethernet and SDH layer
Figure 2.12.2a depicts the relationship between the Ethernet and SDH layers. Since the SDH
layer provides the underlying transport mechanism for Ethernet, the Ethernet layer can utilize
all the well-known SDH protection schemes like BSHR, MSP and etc.
Nevertheless, it is also possible for the Ethernet layer to use its own L2 protection scheme: (i)
Spanning Tree Protocol; and (ii) RPR protection
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

STP was originally designed to eliminate loops in a bridged LAN environment. Normally, there
are 2 or more bridges connecting two LAN segments, with one as a backup in case of the
working bridge fails. Although the intention is good, it ends up creating loops in a network.
The receiver typically ends up receiving the same copy of data twice or more as a result of this
looping.
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 27/122
To ensure that only one active path exists between two equipments at one time, STP was
designed to kill any redundant path and to redirect the traffic over the protection path in case
the working path breaks down.
In SURPASS hiT 7070, the system is designed to be transparent to STP. Any STP packets will
be transparently forwarded by SURPASS hiT 7070.
RPR Protection - Steering (Layer 2 Protection)

In SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core and Double Core, the RPR will used steering as a
protection mechanism against any fibre failure. Whenever a RPR node detects a fibre failure at
one of its ports, it will instantly send out an alarm topology command to inform all the other
nodes in the ring.
63
18
35
17
Figure 2.12.2b: Fiber failure between Node 18 and 63
In the example above, a fibre cut occurs between node 18 and 63. Node 18 and 63 detects the
fibre cut, and both of them will automatically send out an alarm topology command to alert all
the nodes in ring. As a consequence, node 35, 17 and 1 will then update their MAC address
table respectively so that no traffic will be routed through the failed span until the fault is fixed.
With RPR, there is always a possibility that both SNCP/BSHR and Layer 2 protection reacts to
a link failure at the same time. In order to ensure that SNCP/BSHR switching takes place first
before L2 protection, a hold off (persistency) time is defined. The hold off time guarantees the
SDH protection reacts first before L2 protection. The value of the hold off time is configurable
from 0ms to 20s in steps of 10ms. By default, the hold off time will be set to 0ms.
Pass-through mode for Packet Fabric (PF) cards

If no protection card is available and at the same time the PF card breaks down, then the SDH
switching fabric will create a new route for the traffic by bypassing the PF card. In this
situation the node is said to be in “pass-through” mode. This has the advantage of minimising
the impact of failure on traffic between other nodes. See the Annex for details..

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 28/122
SDH Switching
Matrix
Line West Line East

Interface Packet Interface
fabric
SDH Switching
Matrix
Line West Line East

Interface Packet Interface
fabric
Figure 2.12.2c: Pass-through mode in case of failure
2.12.3 Hardware Protection
Traffic Interface Protection based on Port Protection

SURPASS hiT 7070 implements 1+1 and 1:N MSP on a per-port basis. Port protection can be
thought of as a generalised protection concept which includes both traffic and card protection.
Figure 2.12.3a illustrates this concept.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 29/122
1+1, 1:1, 1:N
A C
B
Card Port
Protection Protection
A Card-release switching, not based on MSP protocol
B Based on MSP protocol; dedicated cards for working and

protection ports, port numbers must be aligned (same row)
C Based on MSP protocol
Figure 2.12.3a: Port protection concept
It is thus possible to configure port protection to provide 1+1 and 1:N card protection for traffic
interfaces:
• 1+1 card protection – where all ports on one card is devoted to protection of all ports
on the other card in the same protection group (see Figure 2.12.3b)
• 1:N card protection – where all ports on one card is devoted to protection of all ports
on another one or more card(s) i.e. 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 … up to 1:14; flexible mix of card and
port level protection schemes can also be achieved (see Figure 2.12.3c).
Working port
Protection port
Figure 2.12.3b: Example of 1+1 card protection

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 30/122
1:2 card
protection
between
1:3 card
cards A,B,D
protection
and 1:2 port
protection
within card C
A B C D
Figure 2.12.3c: Examples of 1:N card protection
It is important to note that since the card protection schemes above are all based on MSP, the
client equipment must also support MSP. Figure 2.12.3d illustrates this requirement.
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MSP Worker No.5
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MSP Worker No.1
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hiT 7070
Client 311
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207
209
210
211
202
205
208
212
213
Backplane
SURPASS
hiT 7070
MSP Protection No.1
MSP Protection No.2
MSP Protection No.3
MSP Protection No.4
MSP Protection No.5
Client
MSP Worker No.5
MSP Worker No.2
MSP Worker No.1
MSP Worker No.3
MSP Worker No.4
311
312
313
301
302
303
308
309
310
304
305
306
307
314
Figure 2.12.3d: Card protection requirements for client equipment
1:N Protection for electrical 2 Mbps interfaces

SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core and PDH Microshelf support an optional 1:N protection for
the 2 Mbps PDH interface cards.
The 1:N protection requires the presence of the Line Switching Unit (LSU) cards. The LSU is
a pluggable unit that performs line termination and protection switching. In the event that a
IF2M fails, the relays in the LSU will be closed. As a result, the customer traffic will be

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 31/122
forwarded through the protection bus to the protection card, IF2M (P). The low-order switch
matrix will then select the traffic from the protection card.
Line connectors at connector panel
63 63 63 63
31 32 32 31 32 31 32 31 32 31
I I I I I
L L L L L L L L
F F F F F
S S S S S S S S
2 2 2 2 2
U U U U U U U U
M M M M M
1a 1b 2a 2b 3a 3b 4a 4b
(P) 1 2 3 4
Switching matrix
Figure 2.12.3e: 1:N Protection for the 2 Mbps interfaces
Each IF2M has 63 ports; each LSU has 32 ports; thus 2 LSUs will be required for every single
working card.
1+1 Protection for electrical 34/45 Mbps interfaces

SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core and PDH Microshelf support an optional 1+1 protection for
the 34/45 Mbps PDH interface cards.
The 1+1 protection requires the presence of line switching boards (SIPAC connectors) placed
at the line interface. In the event that a IF345M fails, the line switching board will switch
customer traffic from the working card IF345M (W) onto the protection card IF345M (P). The
low-order switch matrix will then select the traffic from the protection card.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 32/122
Line connectors at connector panel
3 3 3 3
I I I I
F F F F
3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
M M M M
1w 1w/p 2w 2w/p
Protection group Protection group

1 2
Switching matrix
Figure 2.12.3f: 1+1 Protection for the 34/45 Mbps interfaces
Switching Fabric Protection (VC-4/VC-3/VC-12)

It is possible to have two switching fabrics in every NE for redundancy reason, with one
configured as working and the other as protection. All the transmission function and
information within the working switching fabric will be duplicated and stored within the
protection switching fabric, so that in case of failure, the protection switching fabric will take
over the task of the defect switching fabric without any major delay.
Extension Shelf Protection (for PDH Microshelf)

The extension traffic protection has to protect the traffic connection from main subrack to
extension subrack. Different possibilities for connecting the shelves will result in different
concepts for protection. The principle mechanisms for protection will be identical, i.e. based on
1+1 MSP.
The extension link cards LNQ622M in the main subrack and the extension core cards ESM-
CORE of the Microshelf are connected via fibers. The link in between main subrack and
Microshelf can be double either with single or dual LNQ622M in main subrack and dual ESM-
CORE in Microshelf.
For the dual LNQ622M link protection each LNQ622M card is connected with one ESM-
CORE card of Microshelf. For one protection group the same port number will have to be used
on both cards. For the single LNQ622M link protection the card LNQ622M in the main
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 33/122
subrack is connected with two ESM-CORE cards of Microshelf via fibers. A combination of
both variants, dual and single LNQ622M link protection, can be used on one card. The given
limitations for the different variants still apply.
LNQ622M cards in the main subrack are connected to the switch fabric in the same way as
interface cards, that means each LNQ622M card is connected to both SF160G cards. The ESM-
CORE cards are connected to the PDH interface cards via UTIF-2 signals. The signalling for
protection switching is done via CARDP*/CARDP (card presence interface) lines. The
CARDP* output will be used to signal ESM-CORE card fail and extension link fail to the PDH
card. The CARDP output is used to signal only card fail to the partner ESM-CORE card.
Dual-link protection (incl. unprotected) Single-link protection
LNQ622M LNQ622M LNQ622M

Working Protection
card card
Protection group
7070 DC/SC main subrack

PDH Microshelf
ESM-CORE X
ESM-CORE Y
PDH/2M (W)
PDH/2M (W)
PDH/2M (W)
PDH/2M (W)
PDH/2M (P)
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
#1
#2
#4
#3
Working
card
Working port
Protection
card
Protection group Protection port
Figure 2.12.3g: Protection schemes for the PDH Microshelf

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 34/122
Clock Unit (CLU) Protection
CLU (clock unit) cards is equipped in SURPASS hiT 7070 SC and DC. Every NE can always
be equipped with two clock units, CLU working and CLU protection.
The working CLU will be configured as a master and synchronized to a reference source, while
the protected CLU will be operating as a slave and synchronized to the working CLU.
In the event of failure of the working CLU, the protected CLU will take over the
synchronization function from the defect CLU.
Fan Unit Protection

Every subrack will be equipped with 2 redundant cooling units, in order to ensure all the cards
and modules operate within the permitted operating temperature range. Each cooling unit has 4
individual fans.
As a precautionary measure, the speed of all the fans is controlled by speed sensors. The speed
sensor will monitor the speed of the fan, and, if the speed of the fan drift below the specified
threshold, an alarm signal will be generated.
Apart from that, every cooling unit is also equipped with a temperature sensor. The
temperature sensor controls the speed of the fan, so that the fan speed corresponds to the
surrounding temperature of the system. The four fans will run at the lowest speed when
temperature is about 23°C and highest speed at about 55°C.
2.13 Performance Monitoring
SURPASS hiT 7070 performs traffic performance evaluation based on ITU-T M.2120 for all
types of traffic signals. For all of these traffic types the monitored parameters are statistically
evaluated, archived and reported to the management interface.
The SDH performance monitoring is composed of near end and far end performance
monitoring functions according to ITU-T G.783, ITU-T G.784, ITU-T G.806, ITU-T G.828,
and ITU-T G.829. Performance monitoring is done in a unidirectional way, i.e. independently
for both transmission directions of a trail. The error information is passed on to the SCOH,
which then calculates the relevant line error rates and performance parameters according to
G.826. For a listing of SDH performance monitoring parameters, refer to Section 6.9.1.
Statistical performance evaluation functions are used for Ethernet interfaces. There is no
specific standard, but instead a set of guidelines pointed by IEEE 802.3 1 and some related
SNMP RFCs2. In a generic way, Ethernet statistics can be used to monitor network utilization
to identify times of peak activity and, over time, to aid the network administrator in making
proactive decisions on the growth of the network. For a listing of Ethernet performance
monitoring parameters, refer to Section 6.9.2. For a listing of RPR performance monitoring
parameters, refer to the “Performance Management” sections under the Annex for RPR Rel.1-2
and Rel.3.
1
IEEE 802.3 as of 16 October 2000: “oMAC-entity managed object class” defined in Table 5-3 of this document
describes many counters (most of them optional) used for Ethernet statistics.
2
E.g. RFC2819 “Remote Network Monitoring Management Information Base”
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 35/122
2.14 Maintenance & Commissioning
2.14.1 Maintenance Philosophy
The equipment alarm and monitoring philosophy is to provide sufficient alarm information to
enable fault localisation on replaceable unit level within a system. The design of the equipment
is such that no regular maintenance adjustment is necessary.
Maintenance actions (e.g. for fault location, configuration) can be performed via LCT or
TNMS interface locally or remotely.
2.14.2 Self Test/Test Access

Several test monitor points are provided. Access to information regarding the status of the
optical interfaces such as laser power and receive optical power, loss of incoming signals etc.
are available via the central controller and LCT or TNMS.
During start-up the SURPASS hiT 7070 network elements perform extensive basic HW/SW
self-tests. Correct operation of HW/SW is monitored during operation.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 36/122
3 Subsystems
3.1 Power Supply
Each separate equipment plug-in-unit is equipped with a power converter (decentralised power
supply) which provides all necessary supply voltages to the specific card. The power converter
is operated from two independent battery feeds. To inhibit noise disturbance and mutual
interference, each plug-in-unit is supplied with appropriate filtering. To protect other units
against insertion/extraction transients, for every card a slow start facility is provided. In case
both supply voltages fail, local alarm indication is still possible via a separate supervision
circuitry (separate power feed input available).
3.2 Switching Fabric
3.2.1 VC 4 Switching Fabric (SF160G)

SF160G is the VC 4 switching fabric used in SURPASS hiT 7070 Single and Double Core. It
has a switching matrix size of 1024x1024 at VC 4 level. Every interface slot in the subrack is
directly connected to the SF160G via the backplane and each slot is allocated a total bandwidth
of 10 Gbps by the switching fabric itself.
Central Central Clock

Controller Unit
VC 3/12 Low
Order VC 3/12
Switching
Fabric
SF160G Ethernet
PF2G5
VC 4 Packets
High Order
Switching Fabric
SDH Traffic Card
Ethernet Traffic
Card
LNQ622M Microshelf
Figure 3.2.1: Basic Architecture of SURPASS hiT 7070

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 37/122
As a fully non blocking switching matrix, it permits
• full cross connectivity between all traffic ports: from line to line, tributary to
tributary, line to tributary and tributary to line
• any bidirectional and unidirectional point to point connections
• broadcast (1 -> m with m < 1024)
• drop and continue
• 1+1 SNCP head end and 2 -> 1 selector for 1+1 SNCP tail end
Besides being non blocking, the SF160G is also transparent to contiguously concatenated
signals, VC-4-Xc with X = 4, 16 and 64.
Note: Although the SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core uses the same 160 Gbps switching fabric
like Double Core, the total switching capacity of Single Core is restricted to 110 Gbps. Due to
the limited space within a single row subrack, there can only be 11 traffic slots in SURPASS
hiT 7070 Single Core (see Figure 3.2.1).
If protection is required, the SURPASS hiT 7070 can be equipped with two SF160Gs for
redundancy.
3.2.2 VC-3/VC-12 Switching Fabric (SF10G)

In SURPASS hiT 7070 Double and Single Core, each SF10G switching fabric offers a total
switching capacity of 10 Gbps. (64 x 64 @ VC 4).
The SF10G fabric terminates the VC 4s and mapped the VC 4s into low order traffic. Similar
to SF160G, the SF10G permits:
• full cross connectivity between all the traffic ports: from line to line, tributary to
tributary, line to tributary and tributary to line
• any bidirectional and unidirectional point to point connections
• broadcast (1 -> m with m < = 4008)
• drop and continue
• 2 -> 1 selector for 1+1 SNCP tail end and 1+1 SNCP head end
Figure 3.2.2 shows a SF160G being cascaded with another SF10G. The SF160 terminates the
incoming signals from the traffic cards and breaks them down into VC 4s. The VC 4s are then
transferred to the SF10G via internal buses, ISTM 4/16. The SF10G will terminate the VC4s
and map the VC4s into VC12s.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 38/122
Traffic
Cards ISTM4/16 UTIF2
SF10G Low
Order IF2M
Switching (63 x 2 Mbps)
Fabric
SURPASS hiT
7070 Single Core
SF160G
VC 4 High Order
Switching Fabric
PDH
MicroShelf
(Extension Shelf)
SURPASS hiT
7070 Double Core
Figure 3.2.2: TDM Traffic Processing within SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core and Double Core
In SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core, the electrical 2Mbps interface cards, IF2Ms, are located
within the same subrack like the SF10G. Hence, the SF10G, is connected to the IF2M, via an
internal bus (UTIF2). The IF2M terminates the VC 12s, extracts the payload and maps it into
the outgoing PDH signal.
On the other hand, in SURPASS hiT 7070 Double Core, the IF2Ms is located on an extension
shelf. Note: the SF10G is optional. It needs only to be equipped when the customer requires
access to the signals at VC3/VC 12 level.
3.2.3 RPR Packet Fabric
3.2.3.1 General description of the RPR Packet Fabric (PF2G5)
Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) is a network topology being developed as a new standard for fibre
optic rings. It is being standardized under IEEE 802.17. It not only realises L2 switch
functionality but also supply guaranteed service quality and bandwidth management within
Service Level Agreements, which can’t be easily realized by Ethernet Switch.
SURPASS hiT 7070 SC and DC supports RPR functionality via the Packet Fabric (PF) card.
The initial release of the PF card is called PF2G5. The PF card provides access to data services
to and from other PF cards elsewhere in the network and from Ethernet cards at the tributary
side.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 39/122
In SURPASS hiT 7070, the RPR ring is based on the SDH transport layer. The RPR card can
perform automatic topology discovery. The bandwidth of the RPR ring can be up to VC-4-14v
on both directions. A maximum 4 PF card can be installed in one SURPASS hiT7070 SC or
DC node, which means 4 RPR rings supported in one node. The RPR frames are encapsulated
in SDH VC Groups via GFP mapping technology.
In SURPASS hiT 7070, two service classes are supported, A1 (Stream) and C (Best Effort). A1
(stream) traffic is always delivered with low latency, low loss and guaranteed bandwidth. In
contrast, C (Best Effort) traffic is delivered as long as it does not congest the resources required
to carry stream traffic. The amount bandwidth available for best effort traffic cannot exceed
the peak bandwidth defined in the Service Level Agreement (SLA) between the service
provider and client. The bandwidth assigned to A1 (stream) can be released for C (Best Effort)
traffic as long as it is not occupied by A1 (stream) traffic. This increases the efficiency of
bandwidth utilisation.
In SURPASS hiT 7070, data traffic users / customers can be strictly separated via CUGs
(closed user groups) to protect the customer information security1.
Internet traffic is burst by default. In A1 (stream traffic), two different mechanisms; policing
and shaping, are introduced in order to provide a steady flow of traffic.
Tributary Ring egress

/ Client A1 (Stream)
Transit Queue
Policer Shaper
Figure 3.4 : Traffic Shaping for Stream traffic
In Figure 3.4 above, the traffic policer examines the burst volume of the every incoming traffic.
If the burst volume of the traffic exceeds a pre-defined value, then the frame will automatically
be dropped. At the end of the stream transit queue, the traffic shaper ensures an equal
distribution of frame being delivered towards the ring.
For best effort traffic, a fairness algorithm is implemented to regulate the usage of bandwidth
among all the best effort users. The fairness algorithm ensures all best effort traffic users get a
fair amount of capacity in case of congestion. If there is no congestion and at the same time,
more bandwidth is available to every best effort users, then this extra bandwidth will then be
allocated to the best effort customer.
1
CUGs can be based on VLANs (Virtual LANs), see Annex RPR for further details
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 40/122
Siemens implemented RPR packet switching fabric in independent interface. Ethernet traffic
will access the RPR ring via Ethernet interface (Fast Ethernet port or Gigabit Ethernet port).
Ethernet interface will map the data traffic into VCs via GFP. All RPR cards terminate all SDH
paths from RPR card to either another RPR card or an Ethernet card, extract the Ethernet
frames out of these SDH paths and switches the frames to the destination ports. Ethernet traffic
from accessing area can be collected by SURPASS hiT 7050 and/or CPE feeders and will be
forwarded in VC format to RPR switch fabric directly in hiT 7070.
Note: All incoming Ethernet frames from the Ethernet interfaces will be routed first to the VC-
4 switching fabric before being dispatched to the RPR switching fabric.
3.2.3.2 2.5G RPR Packet Switching Fabric (PF2G5)
PF2G5 support maximum 2.5G switching capacity. It can handle up to 4 VC groups at the
tributary. The ring bandwidth can be either 1xVC-4 or 1xVC-4-4v in both directions.
3.3 Optical Interfaces

3.3.1 Optical Mux/Demux for 40 G Interface (IFS40G-MX)
The IFS40G-MX is used to optically multiplex four STM-64 wavelengths into a single 40 Gbps
optical signal for transmission on one fiber. It is meant for point to point links with a distance
of up to 20 km.
PSU
Demux
to/from Fiber to/from

IFS10G (WDM)
Mux
SPI
Figure 3:5 : Block Diagram of the IFS40G-MX
The Power Supply Unit (PSU) within the IFS40G-MX is used to supply voltage to the module,
while the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) connects the IFS40G-MX to the System Controller
Overhead (SCOH) module.
The IFS40G-MX can be located in any one of the general purpose or traffic interface slots
within the Double or Single Core subrack.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 41/122
3.3.2 Single STM-64 Optical Interface (IFS10G)
IFS10G is the STM-64 optical traffic interface for SURPASS hiT 7070.
It consists of a 10 Gbps optical transceiver, a SDH processor, an Overhead processor and a

Clock Card Unit. The received optical signal is first converted into an electrical signal by the
optical transceiver. Next, the electrical signal is transferred to a Clock Data Recovery (CDR)
circuit. The CDR will retime and then recover the clocking information from the received
signal. After that, the resulting signal is transferred to the SDH processor. The SDH processor
will evaluate the AU 4 pointer within the STM frame, while the Section Overhead bytes are
transferred to the Overhead processor. The Clock Card Unit (CCU), is responsible for
extracting the clock frequency required for the SDH interface from the T0 bus.
Every IFS10G has an EEPROM module that is used to store all the relevant information on the
module. Each IFS10G fits exactly into one slot.
In SURPASS hiT 7070, there will be several variants of the IFS10G (in accordance to ITU-T
G.691):
• I-64.1 1310 nm intra office
• S-64.1 1310 nm short haul
• S-64.2 1550 nm short haul
• S-64.3 1550 nm short haul for G.653 DSF
• L-64.2 1550 nm long haul
• L-64.3 1550 nm long haul for G.653 DSF
• V-64.2 1550 nm very long haul
• V-64.3 1550 nm very long haul for G.653 DSF
3.3.3 Single STM-64 Optical Interface for 40G Optical Mux/Demux (IFS10G-WDM)
IFS10G-WDM is the variation of IFS10G S64.2. The only difference is that it is equipment
with colour laser transmitter instead of normal 1550nm laser. It is the card dedicated working
with 40G Optical Mux/Demux as traffic feeder.
The card has following 4 types of wavelength:

λ1: 1538.19nm λ2: 1539.77nm λ3: 1541.35nm λ4: 1542.94nm

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 42/122
3.3.4 Single STM-64 Optical Interface for Metro WDM (IFS10G-M)
The IFS10G-M is used for direct interworking with SURPASS hiT 7070 LambdaShelf. The
IFS10G-M uses the 200 GHz spacing as recommended by ITU-T G.692. (see Table 3.3.3 for
the complete listing of all the wavelengths)
In the IFS10G-M, any incoming STM-64 signal will be mapped into an Optical Data Unit
(ODU) structure. After that, FEC bytes are appended to the ODU to form an Optical Transport
Unit (OTU). The FEC framing in IFS10G-M is based on the RS (255, 239) algorithm
prescribed by ITU-T G.709. The FEC bytes will be appended to the ODU starting from
column 3825 to 4080.
1 16 17 3824 3825 4080
FEC
Overhead bytes Payload RS (255, 239)
Figure 3.6: G.709 framing within IFS10G-M
The FEC coding will provide an approximate 6.2 dB gain at BER = 10-15 in accordance to
ITU-T G.975.
The IFS10G-M has a dispersion tolerance up to 65 km or 1300 ps/nm on SSMF. (DCM will be
required if the dispersion of the span exceeds 1300 ps/nm). Each IFS10G-M occupies 1 slot.
No. Band Frequency Wavelength No. Band Frequency Wavelength

(THz) (nm) (THz) (nm)
1 C 195.90 1530.33 17 L 190.90 1570.42
2 C 195.70 1531.90 18 L 190.70 1572.06
3 C 195.50 1533.47 19 L 190.50 1573.71
4 C 195.30 1535.04 20 L 190.30 1575.37
5 C 194.90 1538.19 21 L 189.90 1578.69
6 C 194.70 1539.77 22 L 189.70 1580.35
7 C 194.50 1541.35 23 L 189.50 1582.02
8 C 194.30 1542.94 24 L 189.30 1583.69
9 C 193.70 1547.72 25 L 188.70 1588.73
10 C 193.50 1549.32 26 L 188.50 1590.41
11 C 193.30 1550.92 27 L 188.30 1592.10
12 C 193.10 1552.52 28 L 188.10 1593.79
13 C 192.70 1555.75 29 L 187.70 1597.19
14 C 192.50 1557.36 30 L 187.50 1598.89
15 C 192.30 1558.98 31 L 187.30 1600.60
16 C 192.10 1560.61 32 L 187.10 1602.31
Table 3.3.3: Wavelength Scheme for IFS10G-M

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 43/122
3.3.5 Single STM-64 Optical Interface for Long-Haul DWDM (IFS10G-L)
The Long-Haul optical STM-64 Interface is equipped with transponder optical module
supporting dense WDM optical (ultra) long haul transmission in the C band using the 50 GHz
grid. It supports G.709-compliant Forward Error Correction (as also implemented in the
IFS10G-M). It can be directly connected to a Long-Haul DWDM system without additional
transponders. The only difference with IFS10G-M is that the IFS10G-L uses a tunable laser.
Tunable lasers will reduce logistic costs especially for spare parts and will therefore enable a
significant reduction of the operation costs (OPEX). (see Table 3.3.5 for the complete listing of
all the wavelengths)
No. Band Frequency Wavelength No. Band FrequencyWavelength

1 C 196.10 1528.77 50 C 193.65 1548.11
2 C 196.05 1529.16 51 C 193.60 1548.51
3 C 196.00 1529.55 52 C 193.55 1548.91
4 C 195.95 1529.94 53 C 193.50 1549.31
5 C 195.90 1530.33 54 C 193.45 1549.72
6 C 195.85 1530.72 55 C 193.40 1550.12
7 C 195.80 1531.12 56 C 193.35 1550.52
8 C 195.75 1531.51 57 C 193.30 1550.92
9 C 195.70 1531.90 58 C 193.25 1551.32
10 C 195.65 1532.29 59 C 193.20 1551.72
11 C 195.60 1532.68 60 C 193.15 1552.12
12 C 195.55 1533.07 61 C 193.10 1552.52
13 C 195.50 1533.47 62 C 193.05 1552.93
14 C 195.45 1533.86 63 C 193.00 1553.33
15 C 195.40 1534.25 64 C 192.95 1553.73
16 C 195.35 1534.64 65 C 192.90 1554.13
17 C 195.30 1535.04 66 C 192.85 1554.54
18 C 195.25 1535.43 67 C 192.80 1554.94
19 C 195.20 1535.82 68 C 192.75 1555.34
20 C 195.15 1536.22 69 C 192.70 1555.75
21 C 195.10 1536.61 70 C 192.65 1556.15
22 C 195.05 1537.00 71 C 192.60 1556.55
23 C 195.00 1537.40 72 C 192.55 1556.96
24 C 194.95 1537.79 73 C 192.50 1557.37
25 C 194.90 1538.19 74 C 192.45 1557.77
26 C 194.85 1538.58 75 C 192.40 1558.17
27 C 194.80 1538.98 76 C 192.35 1558.58
28 C 194.75 1539.37 77 C 192.30 1558.98
29 C 194.70 1539.77 78 C 192.25 1559.38
30 C 194.65 1540.16 79 C 192.20 1559.79
31 C 194.60 1540.56 80 C 192.15 1560.20
32 C 194.55 1540.95 81 C 192.10 1560.60
33 C 194.50 1541.35 82 C 192.05 1561.01
34 C 194.45 1541.75 83 C 192.00 1561.42
35 C 194.40 1542.14 84 C 191.95 1561.83
36 C 194.35 1542.54 85 C 191.90 1562.23
37 C 194.30 1542.94 86 C 191.85 1562.64
38 C 194.25 1543.33 87 C 191.80 1563.05
39 C 194.20 1543.73 88 C 191.75 1563.45
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 44/122
40 C 194.15 1544.13 89 C 191.70 1563.86
Table 3.3.5: Wavelength Scheme for IFS10G-L

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 45/122
3.3.6 Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) modules
A majority of today’s transceiver are directly soldered onto printed circuit boards. Therefore
the only option to replace a transceiver is to replace the whole traffic card. SURPASS hiT 70
series employs a new generation of pluggable optical transceivers for STM-1, STM-4, STM-16,
Fast and Gigabit Ethernet. The pluggable transceiver (SFP) can be plugged/unplugged from the
designated port without having to physically remove the whole traffic card.
Every SFP module contains a user EEPROM, which is used to store all the relevant information
of the module like part number, supplier name, date, wavelength and etc. Besides that, the
EEPROM also of a specific checksum sequence for error detection.
Whenever a SFP is plugged into a port, the controller will read the module’s internal data via a
2-wire Digital Serial Interface. The controller will then check all the information contained
within the EEPROM for type mismatch and checksum error. If the system detects an error, it
will immediately send a warning to the SCOH. If all the information contained within the
EEPROM is correct, the port will switch automatically to EQUIPPED state. The LCT/NCT
will then display the part number of the EQUIPPED port.
3.3.7 Quad STM-16 Optical Interface (IFQ2G5)
The IFQ2G5 can be equipped with up to four STM-16 SFP modules.
Every incoming traffic stream will go through an optical-electrical conversion and clock data
recovery process. The electrical signals will then be transferred to an AU 4 pointer processor.
At the same time, the Section Overhead bytes will be processed by the Overhead processor.
The IFQ2G5 can be equipped with the following SFP modules:
Type Remark Distance (km)

I-16.1 1310 nm intra office 2
S-16.1 1310 nm short haul 15
L-16.1 1310 nm long haul 40
L-16.2/3 1550 nm long haul 80
(The performance and characteristic of all the SFP modules above are in accordance with ITU-
T G.957)
Note that it is possible to mix freely the different SFP modules within one IFQ2G5. Each
IFQ2G5 fits into 1 slot.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 46/122
3.3.8 Single STM-16 Optical Interface (IFS2G5 / IFS2G5-B)
The IFS2G5-B is a low cost, single channel STM-16 interface board, which can optionally be
equipped with the following SFP variants (Note: JE variants are fixed lasers on board):
Type Remark Distance

(km)
I-16.1 1310 nm intra office 2
L-16.2/3 1550 nm long haul 80
JE-33dB-16.2/3 1550 nm very long haul 120

JE-37dB-16.2/3 1550 nm ultra long haul 140
(The performance and characteristic of all the variants are in accordance with ITU-T G.957).
Each IFS2G5 / IFS2G5-B occupies only 1 slot.
3.3.9 Single STM-16 Optical Interface for WDM (IFS2G5-WDM)
The coloured optical STM-16 Interface is equipped with a transponder optical module
supporting dense WDM Long Haul transmission in the C band (40 wavelengths) using the 100
GHz grid. This card provides inter-working with the hiT7500 DWDM and MTS1c WDM
system. (see Table 3.3.6 for the complete listing of all the wavelengths)
No. Band Frequency Wavelength No. Band Frequency Wavelength

1 C 196.10 1528.77 51 C 193.60 1548.51
2 C 196.00 1529.55 53 C 193.50 1549.31
3 C 195.90 1530.33 55 C 193.40 1550.12
4 C 195.80 1531.12 57 C 193.30 1550.92
5 C 195.70 1531.90 59 C 193.20 1551.72
6 C 195.60 1532.68 61 C 193.10 1552.52
7 C 195.50 1533.47 63 C 193.00 1553.33
8 C 195.40 1534.25 65 C 192.90 1554.13
9 C 195.30 1535.04 67 C 192.80 1554.94
10 C 195.20 1535.82 69 C 192.70 1555.75
11 C 195.10 1536.61 71 C 192.60 1556.55
12 C 195.00 1537.40 73 C 192.50 1557.37
13 C 194.90 1538.19 75 C 192.40 1558.17
14 C 194.80 1538.98 77 C 192.30 1558.98
15 C 194.70 1539.77 79 C 192.20 1559.79
16 C 194.60 1540.56 81 C 192.10 1560.60
17 C 194.50 1541.35 83 C 192.00 1561.42
18 C 194.40 1542.14 85 C 191.90 1562.23
19 C 194.30 1542.94 87 C 191.80 1563.05
20 C 194.20 1543.73 89 C 191.70 1563.86
Table 3.3.6: Wavelength Scheme for IFS2G5-WDM

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 47/122
3.3.10 Quad STM-4 Optical Interface (IFQ622M)
The IFQ622M provides up to 4 bi directional STM 4 optical signals. The incoming client
signal will go through an optical-electrical conversion first. In order remove the jitter of the
incoming signal, all the bits within the data stream will be retimed with the aid of a CDR.
From the CDR, the signal will then be transferred to the SDH processor for framing, pointer
processing and performance monitoring. The signal is then routed to switching fabric via the
backplane.
Each port within the IFQ622M can be equipped with the following SFP modules:

V-4.2/3 1550 nm very long haul 120
T G.957)
Similar to the IFQ2G5, it is also possible to mix freely the different SFP modules within one
IFQ622M.
3.3.11 Octal STM-1 Optical Interface (IFO155M)
The IFO155M supports up to 8 optical STM-1 signal. Each port can be equipped with the
following SFP module:

L-1.2/3 1550 nm long haul 80
T G.957)
Similar to the IFQ2G5, it is also possible to mix freely the different SFP modules within one
IFO155M.
3.3.12 Single Port Optical Booster Card (IFSOB, IFSOB-PDC)
The Optical Booster performs the amplification in light output power of the transmit signal in a
manner transparent to the signal content and optical parameters. The IFSOB and IFSOB-PDC
cards serve as optical booster amplifier for the L-64.3/5, JE37dB-16.2/3 and V-4.2/3/5
application wavelength transparent in the 1530nm to 1560nm band. IFSOB will switched off its
pump laser if it receives no input signal from its preceding transmitter.
The IFSOB-PDC card is equipped with dispersion compensation module in side.
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 48/122
3.3.13 Single Port Optical Pre-Amplifier and Booster Card (IFSOA, IFSOA-PDC)
The IFSOA card is with optical booster amplification and optical pre-amplification. It is used
for V-64.3/5 application. The card with additional 80km dispersion compensation module
named as IFSOA-PDC is applied for the V-64.2a application.
3.4 Electrical Interfaces
3.4.1 8-port STM-1 Electrical Interface (IFO155M-E)
In SURPASS hiT 7070, the STM-1 electrical interfaces are implemented on the IF155M-E
card. Each IF155M-E card is able to terminate and process 8 STM-1 ports. All cable connectors
on the IF155M-E have front access. The traffic protection can be 1+1 or 1:N protection of line
and port.
3.4.2 2 Mbps PDH Interface (IF2M)
The IF2M handles 2 Mbps PDH signals. It is transparent to structured and unstructured 2 Mbps
signals. There are 63 ports per card. It can be equipped in both the SURPASS hiT 7070 Single
Core and PDH Microshelf. In the receive direction, the card terminates the incoming VC-12
from the low order switching fabric before performing path overhead monitoring and
consequent actions (AIS insertion). The payload is extracted and mapped into the outgoing
PDH signals. In the transmit direction, the card maps the contents of the PDH signals to a VC-
12 and generates the respective path overhead. In the transmit direction, the card maps the
contents of the PDH interfaces to a VC-12, and generates the respective POH.
3.4.3 34/45 Mbps PDH Interface (IF345M)
The IF345M handles 34/45Mbps PDH signals. It is transparent to structured and unstructured
34/45 Mbps signals. There are 3 ports per card. It can be equipped in both the SURPASS hiT
7070 Single Core and PDH Microshelf. In the receive direction, the card terminates the
incoming VC-3 from the low order switching fabric before performing path overhead
monitoring and consequent actions (AIS insertion). The payload is extracted and mapped into
the outgoing PDH signals. On the source direction, the card maps the contents of the PDH
interfaces to a VC-3, and generates the respective POH.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 49/122
3.5 Ethernet Interfaces
Overview of basic features

As more and more clients share the same infrastructure, it becomes very critical for service
providers to supervise and control the bandwidth consumption of every single user within their
network. Every provisioned bits or bytes must be tracked and recorded. No user shall be
allowed to consume more than the subscribed bandwidth. Every user must be subjected to some
level of admission control in order to guarantee fair usage of bandwidth.
Thus, all the Ethernet interfaces in the SURPASS hiT 70 series support near end flow control
and bit rate limiting. Every incoming Ethernet packets are stored temporarily inside a buffer.
The bit rate of the traffic flow will be measured, and if the measured bandwidth exceeds the
pre-programmed value, the flow control system will send a PAUSE frame to the source. The
PAUSE frame will inform the client to stop sending any frames for a certain period of time.
This sophisticated flow control scheme allows bandwidth throttling without any high loss of
packets1.
There are 8 different Ethernet interfaces in SURPASS hiT 7070 for different releases2 :
• 4-port Gigabit Ethernet – Optical (IFQGBE)
• 4-port Gigabit Ethernet – Optical (IFQGBEB), Concentrator option
• 4-port Gigabit Ethernet – Electrical (IFQGBE-E)
• 4-port Gigabit Ethernet – Electrical (IFQGBEB-E), Concentrator option
• 8-port Ethernet and Fast Ethernet – Optical (IFOFE), VC3/4-nv mapping
• 8-port Ethernet and Fast Ethernet – Electrical (IFOFE-E), VC3/4-nv mapping
• 8-port Ethernet and Fast Ethernet – Electrical (IFOFES-E), VC3/12-nv mapping
Each of the above mentioned interfaces are transparent to 802.3, 802.1p and 802.1q compliant
Ethernet frames with a maximum size of 1800 bytes. The VLAN and Priority information
within the Ethernet frames will be transparently forwarded without being altered, modified or
interpreted. The jitter performance of all the above interfaces is in accordance with IEEE 802.3.
Apart from that, it is also possible to monitor the quality of the incoming packets on per port
basis. The performance monitoring function at every port is responsible to gather all the
relevant statistics of the incoming packets.
Layer2 Service Multiplexer functionality

Gigabit Ethernet interfaces designated with “B” will feature an optional VLAN-based Layer 2
concentrator on board. The purpose of the VLAN Concentrator is the physical aggregation
(grooming) of multiple clients to a single server while still maintaining logical customer
separation. An example is the aggregation of multiple DSLAMs to a single BRAS (Broadband
Remote Access Server). Two independently operating VLAN concentrators are available on a
1
Due to this admission control scheme, all Ethernet equipment connected to SURPASS hiT 70series
Ethernet interfaces must support full duplex operation.
2
: Refer to Annex 2 (Card Release Table) for details
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 50/122
single IFQGBEB(-E) card. Each VLAN concentrator has a single GBE uplink port and multiple
downlink ports.
Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)

Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) acc. G.7041 is used for mapping Ethernet frames onto SDH.
The following describes the implementation of GFP in the SURPASS hiT 70series Ethernet
interfaces.
Initially, all the incoming Ethernet frames will be stored inside a “First In, First Out” (FIFO)
buffer within the MAC controller. If the FIFO buffer fills up, the MAC controller will
immediately send a PAUSE frame to the client equipment.
The GFP Header is then appended to the received Ethernet frames. After the GFP
encapsulation process, the frame is transferred to a FIFO buffer. Inside the FIFO buffer, the
size of the payload is determined and this value will be inserted into the Payload Length
Indicator (PLI) field. After that, the encapsulated frame will be transferred to the PoS framer.
The PoS framer is responsible for payload and header scrambling, Frame Check Sequence
(FCS) generation/termination and Core Header Checksum generation/verification. See Figure
3.5a for a depiction of this procedure.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 51/122
Ethernet MAC Frame GFP Frame
PLI
cHEC
Type
Preamble tHEC
Start of Frame Delimiter GFP Extension Header
Destination Address
Source Address
Length/Type GFP Payload
Client Data
FCS
Figure 3.5a : GFP Framing of an Ethernet MAC Frame as recommended by ITU-T G.7041
The Ethernet frame, now encapsulated within GFP, can then be mapped onto the SDH payload
as shown in Figure 3.5b.
Core Type Extension Ethernet FCS

Header Header Header Frame
GFP Frame GFP Frame GFP Frame

RSOH
GFP Frame GFP Frame GFP Frame
GFP Frame
POH
MSOH
Figure 3.5b : GFP mapping within a SDH container
In SURPASS hiT 7070, every Ethernet port can be allocated its own dedicated VC Group. The
following VC groups are possible:
• VC-12-nv with n = 1 ,…, 211
• VC-3-nv with n = 1, 2
• VC-4-nv with n = 1, … , 8
1
Only available for IFOFES-E
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 52/122
Instead of utilizing a single VC group per port, GFP technology offers the possibility of
aggregating traffic from different ports into a single VC group (sub-channeling). The following
mapping options are possible:
• One port into one VC group
• All ports into one VC3/4 group
• N ports into X VC3/4 groups ( N < X with Xmax = 8)
GFP sub-channeling is supported by all Ethernet interfaces except for IFOFES-E. A summary
of mapping possibilities for all Ethernet interfaces can be found in Table 3.5.
And in order to further enhance the bandwidth granularity within every VC group, the bit rate
limiter permits the bandwidth within a VC group to be flexibly scale in steps of 1 Mbps for FE
and GbE ports.
For further background information on GFP (in particular for Ethernet over SDH applications)
refer to the Annex.
Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)

In coping with the rapidly changing bandwidth requirements in today’s metropolitan network
services, the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) has been defined under ITU-T
G.7042. This standard enables the dynamic and hitless (non traffic-affecting) addition and
removal of individual VCs from a VC group. This enables customers to modify their
subscribed bandwidth in accordance with actual usage or as stipulated in the Service Level
Agreement. In the SURPASS hiT 7050, all Ethernet/Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet
interfaces will support LCAS functionality. For further details on LCAS refer to the Annex.
3.5.1 4-port Gigabit Ethernet Optical, Electrical – IFQGBE(-E)

The IFQGBE(-E) maps up to four Gigabit Ethernet client signals into a SDH based signal.
• The IFQGBE interface supports optical (1000BaseFx) signals via SFP modules. Each
port within the IFQGBE can be equipped with SFP modules of either 1000 Base SX @
850 nm or 1000 Base LX @ 1310 nm. Note that it is possible to mix the 1000Base -SX
and -LX SFP modules on the same IFQGBE board.
• The IFQGBE-E supports electrical (1000BaseT) signals via RJ-45 connectors.
There are 2 PoS framers within the IFQGBE(-E). They provide a total capacity of 2 x VC-4-
16v. All the 4 input ports can share this capacity (~5 Gbps thus the capability to support up to
4 GbE clients at wirespeed).
3.5.2 4-port Gigabit Ethernet Optical, Electrical with L2 Service Multiplexer option –
IFQGBEB(-E)
The IFQGBEB supports optical SFP interfaces while the IFQGBEB-E supports electrical
interfaces. Both perform Gigabit Ethernet mapping in the same way as IFQGBE and IFQGBE-
E respectively. The IFQGEB(-E) card supports up to four Gigabit Ethernet ports or two L2
service multiplexers or mixture (2 Gigabit Ethernet ports and 1 VLAN concentrator). Each L2
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 53/122
service multiplexer realized with the IFQGBEB(-E) cards can handle up to 64 downlink ports
using a combination of up 8 VC groups and GFP subchannelling (max. 8 subchannels per VC
group). The cards can host two L2 service multiplexers, allowing up to 128 downlink ports.
The following diagram is an example for a single L2 service multiplexer with 8 ETH cards.
Uplink not usable
GBE GBE GBE GBE possible uplink

for 2nd VLC
IFQGBEB(-E)
L2 Service Multiplexer
8 VC groups
ETH ETH ETH ETH ETH ETH ETH ETH

card card card card card card card card
64 x Downlink
Figure 3.5.2a: L2 Service Multiplexer
If not more than 8 downlinks are required, GFP subchannelling is not necessary. In the
following example every downlink port has its own VC group:
Uplink not usable
GBE GBE GBE GBE possible uplink

for 2nd VLC
IFQGBEB(-E)
L2 Service Multiplexer
8 VC groups
ETH ETH ETH ETH ETH

card card card card card
8 x Downlink
Figure 3.5.2b: L2 Service Multiplexer without GFP subchannels
The usage of GFP subchannelling can be disabled/enabled for every VC group independently.
For every client a SLA with a committed information rate (CIR) can be configured.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 54/122
3.5.3 8-port Fast Ethernet Optical, Electrical – IFOFE(-E), IFOFES-E
The IFOFE(-E) has 8 auto-sensing Ethernet ports. It can map up to 8 Ethernet or Fast Ethernet
signals into a SDH based signal.
o The IFOFE interface supports optical signals via SFP modules. Each port within the IFOFE
can be equipped with SFP modules of either 100BaseFx @ 850 nm or 100BaseLx @ 1310
nm. Note that it is possible to mix the 100Base-Fx and -Lx SFP modules on the same
IFOFE board.
o The IFOFE-E and IFOFES-E support electrical (10BaseT or 100BaseTx) signals via RJ-45
connectors.
Every port has an auto-sensing feature, meaning that every port can detect the line speed of the
Ethernet device attached to it.
The auto-sensing behaviour of every port can be set to the following values:
• Port Unused
• Auto negotiation off and line rate forced to 10 Mbps
• Auto negotiation off and line rate forced to 100 Mbps
• Auto negotiation on and line rate 10 Mbps as advertised
• Auto negotiation on and line rate 100 Mbps as advertised
• Auto negotiation on and line rate 10 and 100 Mbps as advertised
By default, every port will be set to Auto negotiation on and line rate 10 and 100 Mbps as
advertised.
There is one PoS framer within the IFOFE(-E). They can provide a total capacity of 8 x VC-4.
All the 8 input ports can share this capacity, which can support up to 8 FE clients at wirespeed).
The IFOFES-E interface is also a similar interface, but it provides mapping at VC-3/12
granularity (compared with IFOFE(-E), which provide mapping at VC-3/4 granularity). The
hardware of the IFOFES-E is prepared for LCAS (ITU-T G.7042). Besides dynamic bandwidth
reassignment, SDH protection is also possible with LCAS.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 55/122
Interface Features
Fast Ethernet
Optical (IFOFE) Port density
Electrical (IFOFE-E, IFOFES-E) 8
VC group capacity (without subchanneling)
10 Mbps: VC-3
100 Mbps: VC-3-nv (n = 1, 2), VC-4
10/100 Mbps: VC-12-nv (n = 1 .. 21) 1
VC group capacity (with subchannelling) 2
VC-3-nv (n = 1, 2)
VC-4-nv (n = 1 ... 8)
Gigabit Ethernet
Optical (IFQGBE, IFQGBEB) Port density
Electrical (IFQGBE-E, IFQGBEB-E) 4
VC group capacity (without subchanneling)

VC-4-nv (n = 1 ... 7); VC-3, VC-3-2v
VC group capacity (with subchannelling)
2 x VC-4-nv (n = 1 ... 8)
Note that VC Group capacities for the same interface type can be different depending on whether sub-channeling
is used.
Table 3.5: Mapping details of the SURPASS hiT 7070 GFP interfaces
3.6 Microshelf Core (ESM-CORE) card
The ESM-CORE card provides access to PDH cards within the PDH Microshelf and manages
1:N IF2M equipment protection. It provides an optical 622 Mbps link to the main subrack (SC
or DC). For redundancy/availability purposes, the ESM-CORE card can be equipped twice in
the PDH Microshelf for 1+1 card/link protection.
1
Only available for IFOFES-E
2
Not available for IFOFES-E
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 56/122
3.7 Link card with Quad 622Mbps connections (LNQ622M)
LNQ622M card is used in SURPASS hiT 7070 SC and DC to connect the PDH extension
Miroshelf via fibre. It is connected to the switch fabric of the main subrack in the same way as
normal interface cards.
The LNQ622M card has 4 UTIF2-4 links, which can be used as working or protection links.
This means that a single LNQ622M card can support up to 4 Microshelf subracks without link
protection or up to 2 Microshelf subracks with link protection. It can also be double in main
subrack for protection purpose. The LNQ622M connects up to 16xVC-4 between the high-
order switch fabric and four Microshelf subracks, 4xVC-4 for each one. This card retimes, with
the help of pointer processors, the traffic incoming from the Microshelf in order to achieve an
ISTM-16 signal synchronous with the internal clocks of the main subrack. The B1 byte must be
inserted in the SOH of the signal going to the Microshelf and monitored in the received signal,
in order to allow monitoring the link degradation, on both sides. Additionally the J0 byte must
also be inserted and monitored in order to detect connection mismatches. This allows quickly
detecting fibers connected into wrong connectors.
3.8 System Controller Overhead (SCOH)
The SCOH is the main controller unit for SURPASS hiT 7070. It is responsible for the
Overhead bytes processing plus DCC and EOW bytes processing. All messages to or from the
TMN will also be managed by the SCOH.
The SCOH is linked to the upper and lower row slots of a subrack through the Data
Communication Channel and Overhead (DOH) bus. The DOH is used to transfer real time
information like the Overhead and DCC information between the traffic interface cards and the
SCOH.
For further information regarding the Overhead Cross-Connection (OHX) functionality, refer to
Section X. For further information regarding the EOW functionality, refer to Section Y.
3.9 Clock Line Unit (CLU)
Synchronous networks such as SDH require all the equipments within the network to be
synchronized to a reference clocking source in order to guarantee error free performance. In
SDH network, all the nodes are normally organized in a master-slave relationship, with the
higher nodes feeding synchronization information to the lower nodes. All the clocking
information can always be traced to a Primary Reference Clock (PRC).
In SURPASS hiT70 SC and DC the Synchronous Equipment Timing Source (SETS) is located
at dedicated CLU (clock unit) cards. It is responsible for the local synchronization function
within every network element and send out external T4.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 57/122
The CLU can be synchronized from the following sources:
• T1 timing signal which can be extracted from any STM-N port

• T3 timing signal from an external 2048 kHz or 2048 kbps source
• Internal Oscillator whereby the clock quality is accordance to ITU G.813
Under normal operating conditions, the SETS will select either T1 or T3 as a synchronizing
source. This selected source is known as T0. The T0 will be distributed to all the traffic cards
and SCOH within the network element. Every outgoing SDH signal from the network element
will then be synchronized from this T0 clock pulse. Besides generating T0, the SETS also
generates an outgoing synchronization clock pulse, T4, to other equipments.
The SETS within the CLU can run in 3 different modes namely
• Locked – refers to an operating condition of the clock whereby its output signal is
controlled by an external timing source
• Holdover – refers to an operating condition of the clock that has lost track of its
input reference, and as a consequence the clock has to used previously stored
condition, to control the input
• Free running – occurs when the output signal of the clock is locked to an internal
oscillator
Synchronization Status Message (SSM) Processing
• Incoming Sources
The SSM is extracted from all incoming SDH and T3 signals. It will processed and
inserted into the outgoing data streams. The received SSM can also be overwritten
by the operator assuming that the operator has a valid SSM.
• Outgoing Sources
The SSM currently selected for generation of T0 is inserted in all the SDH output
ports. At the same time, the SSM currently selected for generating T4 is also
inserted in the T4 Output port. Additionally the operator can force the insertion of
SSM ´Do Not Use´ in any of the ports, in case, the operator wants to disable this
individual port from being used as a synchronization source by another NE.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 58/122
T0
Selected T0
Selection
T3
T1
T4 Selected T4
Selection
Figure 3.8 : SETS process within SURPASS hiT 7070

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 59/122
4 Subrack and Rack Configurations
4.1 Card Equipping of SURPASS hiT 7070 Double Core
As a high capacity system, SURPASS hiT 7070 Double Core offers a total of 160 Gbps or 1024
x 1024 switching capacity at VC 4 level.
NEAP
FAN UNIT
CLU Slot
113
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Core Slot
Core Slot
105
107
101
102
103
104
109
110
111
112
CLU Slot
114
Cable Duct
General Purpose (II) Slot
General Purpose (II) Slot

General Purpose (I) Slot
General Purpose (I) Slot

Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
SCOH Slot
201
204
202
203
212
209
211
210
213
205
207
206
208
Cable Duct
FAN UNIT
Air Filter
COPA
Figure 4.1: Front view of SURPASS hiT 7070 Double Core
The key characteristics of SURPASS hiT 7070 Double Core are:

• 16 universal traffic card slots with each slot 35 mm width (Max capacity of 10 Gbps per
slot)
• 4+2 dedicated core slots for general purpose cards like Optical Amplifier
• 2 dedicated core slots for High Order switching fabric (SF160G)
• 2 dedicated slot for Synchronous Equipment Timing Source – SETS (CLU)
• 1 dedicated slot for System Controller and Overhead Unit (SCOH)
Dimensions: 500mm x 975mm x 280 mm (WxHxD)

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 60/122
4.2 Card Equipping of SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core
SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core supports a maximum switching capacity of 110 Gbps or 704 x
704 at VC 4 level.
Interface Connector Panel
NEAP
FAN UNIT
205 IF2M (W)
208 IF2M (W)
211 IF2M (W)
214 CLU Slot
215 CLU Slot

203 LSU Slot
204 LSU Slot
206 LSU Slot

207 LSU Slot
209 LSU Slot

210 LSU Slot
212 LSU Slot

213 LSU Slot
201 F2M (P)
202 IF2M
302 Traffic Slot / E-Core Slot
301 Traffic Slot / E-Core Slot
314 SCOH Slot

303 Traffic Slot
304 Traffic Slot
305 Traffic Slot
306 Traffic Slot
309 Traffic Slot
310 Traffic Slot
311 Traffic Slot
312 Traffic Slot
313 Traffic Slot

307 Core Slot
308 Core Slot
Cable Duct
FAN UNIT
Air Filter
COPA
Figure 4.2: Front view of SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core
The key characteristics of SURPASS hiT 7070 Single Core are
9 universal traffic card slots with each slot 35 mm width (Max capacity of 10 Gbps per slot)
2 dedicated core slots for High Order switching fabric
2 dedicated core slots for either for Low Order switching fabric or traffic cards
4+1 dedicated slots for PDH cards (42.5 mm width)
8 dedicated slots for Line Switching Units (25 mm width)
2 dedicated slots for SETS (35 mm width)
1 dedicated slot for SCOH
Dimensions: 500mm x 825mm x 280mm (WxHxD)

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 61/122
4.3 Card Equipping of SURPASS hiT 7070 PDH MicroShelf
SURPASS hiT 7070 Microshelf supports up to 252x2M PDH traffic. It is connected to Double
Core or Single Core via ESM-CORE card.
MS-AP
ESM-CORE X
ESM-CORE Y
IF2M (W)
IF2M (W)
IF2M (W)
IF2M (W)
IF2M (P)
#1
#2
#3
#4
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
Cable
Duct MS-ILANS
MS-COPA
Figure 4.3: Front view of SURPASS hiT 7070 PDH MicroShelf
The key characteristics of SURPASS hiT 7070 PDH MicroShelf are:
• 4+1 dedicated slots for PDH cards (42.5 mm width)

• 8 dedicated slots for Line Switching Units (25 mm width)
• 2 dedicated slots for ESM-CORE cards (1+1 protection), realized the connection to DC or SC
Dimensions: 500mm x 400mm x 280 mm (WxHxD)

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 62/122
IMPORTANT NOTE: SURPASS hiT 7070 subracks must be mounted in a Special hiT 70
ETSI rack, which has the dimensions 600mm Width x 2200mm Height x 300mm Depth.
Note that the external dimensions are exactly identical to a Standard ETSI rack. Only the
mounting specifications are different.
4.4 Rack Equipping with Single Core Subracks
In Figure 4.4, two SURPASS hiT 7070 SC together with 2 cable compartments are mounted
into a single ETSI rack. The cable compartments can always be mounted either on the top or
bottom of the subrack.
Fuse P anel
Cable Com partment
Interface Connec tor P anel
NE A P
FA N UNIT
IF2M(P)
IF2M
IF2M
IF2M
IF2M
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
CLU
CLU
Traffic Slot / E-Core Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
SCOH Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Core Slot
Core Slot
Cable Duc t
FA N UNIT
A ir Filter
COP A
Cable Com partment
Interface Connec tor P anel
NE A P
FA N UNIT
PDH Protect. Slot
PDH Slot
PDH Slot
PDH Slot
PDH Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
LSU Slot
CLU Slot
CLU Slot
Rack Spacing (mm)

SCOH Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Core Slot
Core Slot
Fuse Panel 100

Cable Compartment 75
Cable Duc t
Single Row Subrack 825
FA N UNIT
A ir Filter
COP A Single Row Subrack 825
1900
Figure 4.4: Two SURPASS hiT 7070 SC within an ETSI rack

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 63/122
4.5 Rack Equipping with Double Core Subracks
Figure 4.5 shows one double row subrack mounted in an ETSI rack with the cable compartment
located on the top of the double row subrack.
Fuse Panel
Cable Compartment
NEAP
FAN UNIT
CLU Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Core Slot
Core Slot
CLU Slot
Cable Duct
General Purpose Slot
SCOH Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Cable Duct
FAN UNIT
Air Filter
COPA
Figure 4.5: One SURPASS hiT 7070 DC within an ETSI rack
Rack Spacing (mm)

Fuse Panel 100
Double Row Subrack 950
1125
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 64/122
08
Issue:
ETSI rack.
Date:
27.02.2004
© Copyright Siemens AG 2004
Fuse Panel
Traffic Slot Traffic Slot Traffic Slot / E-Core Slot PDH Protect. Slot
IF2M (P)
Ordering Nr./SNR
Traffic Slot Traffic Slot Traffic Slot / E-Core Slot PDH Slot
NEAP
IF2M
NEAP
COPA
COPA
Traffic Slot Traffic Slot Traffic Slot LSU Slot
Air Filter
Air Filter
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
Fuse Panel
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
LSU
LSU Slot
Traffic Slot Traffic Slot Traffic Slot
LSU
PDH Slot
Title: Technical Description SURPASS hiT 7070

Traffic Slot
Cable Compartment
Cable Compartment
General Purpose Slot Core Slot IF2M

LSU Slot
Traffic Slot
Cable Compartment
Cable Compartment
Single Row Subrack
General Purpose Slot LSU
LSU Slot
Double Row Subrack

Core Slot LSU
General Purpose Slot Core Slot PDH Slot
Core Slot IF2M

LSU Slot
Traffic Slot LSU
75
75
LSU Slot
LSU
950
825
100
Traffic Slot Traffic Slot Traffic Slot PDH Slot
2025
IF2M
LSU
LSU
Traffic Slot Traffic Slot Traffic Slot CLU Slot
CLU
SCOH Slot CLU Slot CLU Slot SCOH Slot CLU Slot
CLU
File:
Rack Spacing (mm)
Author: N. Pala
ICN CN SMT 2
Figure 4.6: One SURPASS hiT 7070 DC and one SURPASS hiT 7070 SC within an ETSI rack
SURPASS hiT 7070 TD.doc

In Figure 4.6, one double row and another single row subrack is mounted together in a single
page 65/122
All Rights reserved
08
Issue:
Date:
27.02.2004
© Copyright Siemens AG 2004
Fuse Panel
Traffic Slot Traffic Slot Traffic Slot Traffic Slot
Ordering Nr./SNR
NEAP
NEAP
COPA
COPA
Air Filter
Air Filter
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
Fuse Panel
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
Cable Duct
Title: Technical Description SURPASS hiT 7070

General Purpose Slot Core Slot General Purpose Slot Core Slot
General Purpose Slot General Purpose Slot
General Purpose Slot Core Slot General Purpose Slot Core Slot
General Purpose Slot General Purpose Slot

100
2000
SCOH Slot CLU Slot CLU Slot SCOH Slot CLU Slot CLU Slot
File:
Rack Spacing (mm)
Author: N. Pala
ICN CN SMT 2
Figure 4.7: Two SURPASS hiT 7070 DC within a rack
In Figure 4.7, two double row subracks are mounted together in a single ETSI rack.
SURPASS hiT 7070 TD.doc
page 66/122
All Rights reserved
In Figure 4.8, one double row subrack and a Microshelf is mounted together in a single ETSI
rack.
Fuse and Alarm Panel
Cable Compartment
NEAP
FAN UNIT
CLU Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Core Slot
Core Slot
CLU Slot
Cable Duct
SRD-MSI
SCOH Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Traffic Slot
Cable Duct
FAN UNIT
Air Filter
COPA
MS-AP
Microshelf-MSI
ESM-CORE Y
ESM-CORE X
IF2M (W)
IF2M (W)
IF2M (W)
IF2M (W)
IF2M (P)
#1
#2
#3
#4
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
LSU
Cable
Duct MS-ILANS
MS-COPA
Figure 4.8: One SURPASS hiT 7070 DC and one Microshelf within a rack
Rack Spacing (mm)

Fuse Panel 100
Microshelf Subrack 375
1500

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 67/122
The following summarises the height measurements for all subrack types used by SURPASS
hiT 7070:
• SURPASS hiT7070 Double Core Subrack 975mm height
• SURPASS hiT7070 Single Core Subrack 825mm height
• LambdaShelf (FSP 3000) 400mm height
• PDH Microshelf 400mm height
• Extra Booster Shelf 575mm height
• Dispersion compensation tray (optional) 100mm height

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 68/122
5 Extension Shelf
SURPASS hiT 7070 supports a serials of extension shelves, which include LambdaShelf to be
extended as an DWDM system, Microshelf for PDH E1 service, FlexShelf for more tributay
slot and AmplifierShelf for SDH long haul purpose.
5.1 LambdaShelf (FSP 3000)
The LambdaShelf (FSP 3000) deploys a 32-wavelength DWDM scheme. It utilizes the 200
GHz channel spacing grid with 16 wavelengths in the C band and another 16 wavelengths in
the L band.
Subband Subband Subband Subband Subband Subband Subband Subband

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
channel 9
channel 10
channel 11
channel 12
channel 13
channel 14
channel 15
channel 16
channel 17
channel 18
channel 19
channel 20
channel 21
channel 22
channel 23
channel 24
channel 25
channel 26
channel 27
channel 28
channel 29
channel 30
channel 31
channel 32
OSC
channel
channel
channel
channel
channel
channel
channel
channel
Figure 5.1a: Wavelength Grid of the LambdaShelf (FSP 3000)
The 32 wavelengths are divided into 8 sub bands with each sub band comprising of 4
wavelengths. Sub bands 1, 2, 3 and 4 are located in the C band while the remaining Sub bands
5, 6, 7 and 8 are located in the L band. In the LambdaShelf, multiplexing is performed in 2
stages with the aid of the MDXM and BSM. The MDXM module is used to aggregate the
incoming wavelengths from the IFS10G-M into sub bands. The sub bands are then
consolidated into a single remote signal for transmission by the Band Splitter Module (BSM).
Every LambdaShelf must be equipped with a Network Element Management Interface (NEMI).
The NEMI, which is also the shelf controller, communicates with all the modules in the shelf
via the backplane.
Each LambdaShelf has 2 redundant Power Input Devices (PIDs). The PID is used to supply the
required power to the shelf. Power is supplied from the PIDs to the backplane and then to the
NEMI/DEMI. The NEMI/DEMI will then supply power to all the filter modules within the
shelf.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 69/122
IFS10G-M
Lambda 1 - 4
IFS10G-M
Lambda 5 - 7 To fiber
IFS10G-M BSM
Lambda 25 - 28
IFS10G-M
Lambda 29 - 32
MDXM
Figure 5.1b: Multiplexing Hierarchy within the LambdaShelf (FSP 3000)
Each LambdaShelf has 15 slots and every MDXM/BSM occupies only one slot.
5.2 PDH MicroShelf

The MicroShelf can be used to extend SURPASS hiT 7070 Single or Double Core by
additional PDH interfaces. A maximum of four MicroShelves per NE can be connected. The same
PDH interface IF2M cards as for SURPASS hiT 7070 SC are used.
The MicroShelf subrack supports up to 4 working and 1 protection 2Mbps PDH cards,
corresponding to a maximum of 252 x 2 Mbps.
An optical link with 622Mbps (UTIF2-4) between the Main Shelf and the MicroShelf is
provided. Two cards, one in the main rack (LNQ622M - Link card with Quad 622Mbps
connections) and another on the MicroShelf (ESM-CORE - Extension Shelf MicroShelf Core)
support the connection between the shelves. The extension shelf and cards in the MicroShelf
are directly controlled by the SCOH of the SURPASS HIT 7070-SC or SURPASS HIT 7070-
DC main shelf via an extension of the internal control Ethernet (ILAN). There is no local shelf
controller in the MicroShelf.
The distance between Main subrack and Extension subrack is up to 25 meters. The
management and control of the Extension subrack is transferred via a 100BaseT Ethernet
connection.
Each LNQ622M provides four bidirectional extension link interfaces designated port 1 … 4,
which are connected to the corresponding interfaces of the MicroShelf core cards, ESM-CORE.
It may be duplicated for additional card protection. Each ESM-CORE provides one extension
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 70/122
link interface for MicroShelf. It includes devices capable of demuxing the UTIF2-4 signal
received into UTIF 2 signals and able to do the protection switches of the MicroShelf PDH
cards. It may be also duplicated for protection purposes. This architecture allows for the
following protection scenarios in SURPASS hiT 7070:
PDH Card protection selector
TDM fabric ESM UTIF2 IF2M 63x2 Mpbs

UTIF2-4 CORE
VC-4 termination (63x2 Mbps) electr.
ESM
CORE
VC-12 termination Microshelf
ISTM16
LNQ622M ESM UTIF2 IF2M 63x2 Mpbs
(Link card) CORE
(63x2 Mbps) electr.
SF160G
ESM
(VC-4
CORE
Core Switching VC-12 termination Microshelf
Fabric
DC: 160 Gbps ISTM16
SC: 110 Gbit/s) LNQ622M ESM UTIF2 IF2M 63x2 Mpbs
(Link card) CORE
(63x2 Mbps) electr.
ESM
CORE
VC-4 connection VC-12 termination Microshelf
VC-12 termination
MSI SRS or MSI SRD ESM UTIF2
CORE
IF2M 63x2 Mpbs
TDM traffic ESM (63x2 Mbps) electr.
processing CORE
Microshelf
PDH Card protection selector
Figure 5.2: Interconnection in between Core and MicroShelf – with protection
Figure 5.2 shows the TDM processing in SURPASS HIT 7070, including the MicroShelf for
situations where the LNQ622M and ESM-CORE are protected.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 71/122
6 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
6.1 POWER SUPPLY

The following table gives measured power consumptions of the different units (typical values).
Input DC voltage (according ETS 300 132-2) ..................................................... 40.5 V to 75 V
Power consumption at 60 V fully equipped
SURPASS hiT 7070 SC (Single-Core) .........................................................< 900 W (typ. 600)
SURPASS hiT 7070 DC (Double-Core) .................................................... < 1400 W (typ. 900)
PDH MicroShelf..............................................................................................< 120 W (typ. 80)
The following table provides measured power consumption of the different units.
Unit Power consumption
[W]
SF160G 50,8
SF10G 52.5
SF2G5 31,0
PF2G5 66,0
IFS10G 48,0
IFS10G-M 54,0
IFS10G-L 54,0
IFS10G for 40G 48,0
IFS40G-MX < 1,0
IFQ2G5 Max. 44,0
IFS2G5B 14,0
IFS2G5 13,0
IFS2G5-L 14,0
IFQ622M Max. 23,0
IFO155M Max. 27,0
IFO155M-E 29,0
IF2M (incl. 2xLSU) 20,0
IF2M prot 19,7
IFQGBE Max. 47,0
IFQGBE-E 47,0
IFOFE-E 31,0
IFOFES-E 28,0
SCOH 35,0
CLU 20,0
ESM core 12,0
LNQ622 Max. 26.8
Fan Shelf Typ. 35,0
Extra Booster Shelf
Clock unit CLL64-2 7,0

Sync. Control unit SCU 10,0
Optical Booster Card STD 10,5
Power for V/L-64.2/3
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 72/122
Optical Preamplifier Card 10,5
for V-64.2/3
6.2 EQUIPMENT WEIGHT
The following table provides equipment weight for typical configurations:
Unit Weight [Kg]

SingleCore 45 (Typical); max<60
DoubleCore 45 (Typical); max<60
PDH MicroShelf t.b.d.
6.3 OPTICAL PLANNING DATA
6.3.1 Optical STM-1 Interface
155 Mbps S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 L-1.3

Distance 15 km 40 km 80 km
variants
User class as per ITU-T G.957 (06/99)
Nominal bitrate Bitrate is 155,520 kbps
Input Frequency ± 20ppm (Port not selected as clock reference)
tolerance ± 4.6ppm (Port selected as clock reference)
Code Binary Non Return to Zero
Transmitter Behavior
Laser types MLM SLM
Optical
wavelength 1261nm to 1360n 1270nm to 1360nm 1480nm to 1580nm
range
Spectral Maximum RMS spectral width is:
characteristics
7.7nm 3nm NA
Maximum full width at –20 dB down the maximum amplitude of the central peak is:
NA 1nm
Minimum side
mode NA 30dB
suppression
Eye pattern The eye diagram for the optical transmit signal meets the requirement mask of Figure 2 of ITU-
mask T G.957
Minimum
8.2dB 10 dB
extinction ratio

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 73/122
155 Mbps S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 L-1.3
Launched power At point S as per ITU-T G.957 (06/99)
-15dBm to -8 dBm –5 to 0dBm
Maximum
launched power
The maximum transmit level at point S is according laser class 1.
in fault condition
Jitter Jitter transfer
characteristics
NA
Jitter output (network limits)
G.825 (03/2000): " Network limits for the maximum output jitter and wander at any hierarchical
interface ": These values exist assuming a worst case accumulation of jitter and wander in a
network. They have to be tolerable for measurements purposes, however sinusoidal jitter
modulation is used for testing SDH- input ports (refer to "Jitter Tolerance" within Receiver
Behavior).
Output Jitter Generation
The maximum output jitter shall be measured according ITU-T G.813 and meet the
requirements of Table 6/G.813 ITU-T G.813 with f1=500Hz, f3=65kHz, f4=1,3MHz,
B2=0.10UIp-p and B1=0.5UIp-p
Receiver Behavior
Receiver type PIN
Sensitivity / Input level range for a bit error rate BER ≤ 1x10-10 at R point is:
Dynamic Range
-28dBm ≤ Pin ≤
-34dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -10dBm
-8dBm
Overload Maximum input power without permanent destruction of the optical receiver:
Maximum
Rating 0dBm
Maximum Maximum reflectance of receiver, measured at R point is:

reflectance of
receiver NA -25dB NA
Monitoring of
receiver input Range = (-40dBm … .0dBm), ±3dB tolerance
level
ALS criterion LOS = LOF AND [ Popt in < (sensitivity +0/-10dB) ]
Jitter Jitter Tolerance

characteristics
Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal jitter applied on the input
155 Mbps signal that causes a 1dB optical power penalty1 at the optical equipment. SDH line
terminals and regenerators tolerate, as a minimum, the input jitter applied according to the mask
in Figure 2/G.825 ITU-T G.825 with the parameters ft=65kHz, f0=6.5kHz, A1=0.15UIp-p and
A2=1.5UIp-p.
1
The 1dB penalty method is not applicable for systems with optical amplifiers.
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 74/122
155 Mbps S-1.1 L-1.1 L-1.2 L-1.3
Fiber Behaviour
Fiber type Single mode fiber

Single mode fiber according to ITU-T G.652. according to ITU-T
G.653
Fiber connector Native LC-connector
(e.g. F3000 connector FA DIAMOND without dust cap)
Dispersion Maximum permissible dispersion is:
tolerance
96 ps/nm 246 ps/nm NA
Dispersion loss Maximum optical path penalty due to dispersion is:
1dB
Section Permissible section attenuation at maximum dispersion is:

attenuation
0dB to 12 dB 10dB to 28 dB
Optical return Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S, including any connector, according to ITU-T
loss of cable G.957 (06/99)
plant
NA 20dB NA
Maximum discrete reflectance between S and R according to ITU-T G.957 (06/99)
NA -25dB NA
622 Mbps S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2 L-4.3

Distance 15 km 40 Km 80 Km
variants
Nominal bitrate Bitrate is 622,080 kbps
Laser types MLM SLM
Optical
wavelength 1274nm to 1356nm 1280nm to 1335nm 1480nm to 1580nm
range
characteri-stics
2.5nm NA
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 75/122
622 Mbps S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2 L-4.3
Maximum full width at –20 dB down from the maximum amplitude is:
NA 1nm <1nm1 1nm
Minimum side
mode NA 30dB
suppression
Output pulse
eye-diagram The eye diagram for the optical transmit signal meets the requirement mask of Figure 2 of ITU
G.957 (issue 6/99) with the parameters X1/X4=0.25/0.75, X2/X3=0.4/0.6 and Y1/Y2=0.2/0.8.
Minimum
8.2dB 10 dB
extinction ratio
Launched power -15 to -8 dBm -3 to +2 dBm
At point S as per ITU-T G.957 (06/99)
Maximum
launched power The maximum transmit level at point S is according laser class 1.
in fault condition
Jitter Jitter output (network limits)
characteristics
G.825 (03/2000): "Network limits for the maximum output jitter and wander at any hierarchical
Behavior).
requirements of Table 6/G.813 ITU-T G.813 with f1=1kHz, f3=250kHz, f4=5MHz,
Receiver Behavior
Receiver type PIN

Sensitivity / Input level range for a bit error rate BER ≤ 1x10-10 at R point is:
Dynamic Range
-28dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -8dBm
Overload Maximum input power without permanent destruction of the optical receiver is :
Maximum
Rating 0 dBm +2dBm
Maximum
reflectance of Maximum reflectance of receiver, measured at R point is:
receiver
NA -14dB -27dB -14dB
Monitoring of
receiver input Range =(-32dBm … .0dBm), ±3dB tolerance
level
1
This value is for further study
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 76/122
622 Mbps S-4.1 L-4.1 L-4.2 L-4.3
characteristics
622 Mbps signal that causes a 1dB optical power penalty 1 at the optical equipment. SDH line
in Figure 3/G.825 ITU-T G.825, with the parameters ft=250kHz, f0=25kHz, A1=0.15UIp-p and
A2=1.5UIp-p.
Fiber Behavior
Fiber type Single mode fiber

Single mode fiber according ITU-T G.652. according ITU-T
G.653
tolerance
74 ps/nm NA
1dB

attenuation
0dB to 12 dB 10dB to 24 dB
Optical return Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S, including any connector is:
loss of cable
NA 20dB 24dB 20dB
plant
Maximum discrete reflectance between S and R is:
NA -25dB -27dB -25dB
1
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 77/122
2,5 Gbps I-16 S-16.1

1300nm with low power laser 1300nm with low power laser
Distance 2km 15km

variants
User class as per ITU-T G.957
Nominal
Bitrate is 2,488,320 kbps
bitrate
Input
± 20ppm (Port not selected as clock reference)
Frequency
± 4.6ppm (Port selected as clock reference)
tolerance
Transmitter Behaviour
Laser types 1300nm Fabry-Perot standard version 1300nm
MLM laser DFB laser diode
Optical
wavelength 1270nm to 1360nm
range
Spectral width Maximum spectral width measured 20dB below
RMS
maximum level is:
4nm 1nm
Minimum side
mode n.a. 30dB
suppression
Minimum
extinction 8.2dB
ratio
Launched -10dBm to –3 dBm -5dBm to 0dBm
power
At point S as per ITU-T G.957
Maximum
launched
power in fault
condition
Jitter Jitter Output (network limits)
characteristics
Behavior).
The maximum output jitter shall be measured according ITU-T G.813 and meet the requirements
of Table 6/G.813 ITU-T G.813 with f1=5kHz, f3=1MHz, f4=20MHz, B2=0.10UIp-p and
B1NE=0.5UIp-p / B1Reg.= 0.3UIp-p

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 78/122
2,5 Gbps I-16 S-16.1
1300nm with low power laser 1300nm with low power laser
Eye pattern The eye diagram for the optical transmit signal meets the requirement mask of
mask Figure 2 of ITU-T G.957
Receiver Behaviour
Receiver type PIN standard version
Sensitivity / Input level range for a bit error rate BER ≤ 1.10-10 at point MPI-R is:
Dynamic
Range -18dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -3dBm -18dBm ≤ Pin ≤ 0dBm
Maximum
Rating 0dBm 0dBm
Maximum
reflectance of Maximum reflectance of receiver, measured at R is -27dB.
receiver
characteristics
Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal jitter applied on the input 2,5
Gbps signal that causes a 1dB optical power penalty1 at the optical equipment. SDH line terminals
and regenerators tolerate, as a minimum, the input jitter applied according to the mask in Figure
4/G.825 ITU-T G.825, with the parameters:
ft=1000kHz, f0=100kHz, A1=0.15UIp-p and A2=1.5UIp-p.
Monitoring of
receiver input not mandatory Level range= (-30 to 0dBm); ±3dB tolerance
level
ALS criterion LOS = LOF AND [ Popt in < (sensitivity +0/-10dBm) ]
Fibre Behaviour
Fibre type Single mode fibre according to ITU-T G.652.

Fibre Native LC-connector
connector (e.g. F3000 connector FA DIAMOND without dust cap)
tolerance
12ps/nm n.a.
1dB

attenuation
0dB to 7dB 0dB to 12dB
Optical return
Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S, including any connector is 24dB and maximum
loss of cable
discrete reflectance between S and R is -27dB according ITU-T G.957.
plant
1
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 79/122
2.5 Gbps L-16.1 L-16.2 L-16.3
40 km 80 km
Nominal bitrate Bitrate is 2,488,320 kbps
Laser types SLM

1280nm to 1335nm 1500nm to 1580nm
characteri-stics
NA
Maximum full width at –20 dB down from the maximum amplitude is:
1nm <1nm1
Minimum side
mode 30dB
suppression
Eye pattern The eye diagram for the optical transmit signal meets the requirement mask of Figure 2 of ITU-
mask T G.957
Minimum
8.2dB
extinction ratio
Launched power -2 to +3 dBm
At point S as per ITU-T G.957 (06/99)
Maximum
launched power
in fault condition
Jitter Jitter output (network limits)
characteristics
Behavior).
requirements of Table 6/G.813 ITU-T G.813 with f1=5kHz, f3=1MHz, f4=20MHz,
Receiver Behavior
Receiver type APD

Sensitivity / Input level range for a bit error rate BER ≤ 1.10-10 at R point is:
1
This value is for further study
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 80/122
2.5 Gbps L-16.1 L-16.2 L-16.3
Dynamic Range
-27dBm ≤ Pin -28dBm ≤ Pin -27dBm ≤ Pin
≤ -9dBm ≤ -9dBm ≤ -9dBm
Overload Maximum input power without permanent destruction of the optical receiver is :
Maximum
Rating -6dBm
Maximum Maximum reflectance of receiver, measured at R point is:

reflectance of
receiver -27dB
Monitoring of
receiver input Level range= (-30 to 0dBm); ±3dB tolerance
level
characteristics
2.5 Gbps signal that causes a 1dB optical power penalty 1 at the optical equipment. SDH line
in Figure 2/G.825 ITU-T G.825, with the parameters ft=1000kHz, f0=100kHz, A1=0.15UIp-p and
A2=1.5UIp-p.
Fiber Behavior
Fiber type Single mode fiber according

Single mode fiber according to ITU-T G.652.
to ITU-T G.653
tolerance
NA 1200 – 1600ps/nm -see ITU-T G.957
1dB 2dB 1dB

attenuation
10dB to 24 dB2
Optical return Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S, including any connector is:
loss of cable
24dB
plant
Maximum discrete reflectance between S and R is:
-27dB
1
2
To meet 10dB minimum attenuation instead of 12dB, it will be required to decrease the maximum
output power, to increase the minimum overload, to use optical attenuators, or a combination thereof.
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 81/122
2,5 Gbps JE-33dB-16.2 JE-33dB-16.3
Distance 120km 120km
variants
Siemens Surpass hiT proprietary interface
Nominal
bitrate
Input
Frequency
tolerance
Laser types SLM SLM

Optical
range
Spectral width
ffs ffs
Minimum side
mode ffs ffs
suppression
Minimum
extinction 8.2dB 8.2dB
ratio
Launched +6dBm to +10dBm +6dBm to +10dBm
power
At point MPI-S as per ITU-T G.691
Maximum
launched
The maximum transmit level at point MPI-S is according laser class 1M.
power in fault
condition
characteristics
Behavior).
Receiver Behaviour
Receiver type APD APD

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 82/122
2,5 Gbps JE-33dB-16.2 JE-33dB-16.3
Dynamic
Range -9dBm to –29dBm -9dBm to –29dBm
Maximum
Rating -6dBm -6dBm
Maximum
reflectance of -27dB
receiver
characteristics
Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal jitter applied on the input 2,5
Gbps signal that causes a 1dB optical power penalty1 at the optical equipment. SDH line terminals
and regenerators tolerate, as a minimum, the input jitter applied according to the mask in Figure
4/G.825 ITU-T G.825, with the parameters:
Monitoring of
receiver input Level range = (-30dBm to –9dBm); ±3dB tolerance
level
Fibre Behaviour
Fibre type G.652 G.653
tolerance
2400ps/nm 400ps/nm
2 1

attenuation
Optical return
loss of cable 24dB
plant
1
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 83/122
6.3.4 Optical STM-16 Interface for Long-Haul Application (interworking with
SURPASS hiT 7500 and MTS1c)
2,5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s WDM

Distance
variants acc. SURPASS hiT 75xx R2.05
Nominal
Bitrate is 2,488,320 kbit/s
bitrate
Input
Frequency
tolerance
Laser types SLM
Optical C-band 40xlambda, 100GHz spacing
wavelength 196.1THz to 194.2THz
range 193.6THz to 191.7THz
WDM
f (THz) λ (nm)
channels
191,7 1563,86
191,8 1563,05
191,9 1562,23
192,0 1561,42
192,1 1560,61
192,2 1559,79
192,3 1558,98
192,4 1558,17
192,5 1557,36
192,6 1556,55
192,7 1555,75
192,8 1554,94
192,9 1554,13
193,0 1553,33
193,1 1552,52
193,2 1551,72
193,3 1550,92
193,4 1550,12
193,5 1549,32
193,6 1548,51
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 84/122
- -
194,2 1543,73
194,3 1542,94
194,4 1542,14
194,5 1541,35
194,6 1540,56
194,7 1539,77
194,8 1538,98
194,9 1538,19
195,0 1537,40
195,1 1536,61
195,2 1535,82
195,3 1535,04
195,4 1534,25
195,5 1533,47
195,6 1532,68
195,7 1531,90
195,8 1531,12
195,9 1530,33
196,0 1529,55
196,1 1528,77
Spectral width
n. a.
Minimum side
mode 30dB
suppression
Minimum
extinction 8.2dB
ratio
Launched -1dBm to +3dBm
power
At point MPI-S as per ITU-T G.691
Maximum
launched
The maximum transmit level at point MPI-S is according laser class 1.
power in fault
condition

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 85/122
characteristics
Behavior).
Receiver Behaviour
Receiver type PIN

Dynamic
Range -14dBm to –2dBm
OSNR
7dBnm within dynamic range @ BER<1E-12
Tolerance
Maximum
Rating 0dBm
Maximum
receiver
characteristics
2,5 Gbit/s signal that causes a 1dB optical power penalty1 at the optical equipment. SDH line
terminals and regenerators tolerate, as a minimum, the input jitter applied according to the mask in
Figure 4/G.825 ITU-T G.825, with the parameters:
Monitoring of
receiver input Level range = (-14dBm to -2dBm); ±3dB tolerance
level
ALS criterion LOS = LOF
1
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 86/122
Fibre Behaviour
Fibre type G.652

Fibre
LC/PC-connector
connector
tolerance
3200ps/nm
Dispersion Maximum optical path penalty due to dispersion is:

loss
2

attenuation
n.a.
Optical return
loss of cable 24dB
plant

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 87/122
I-64.1 S-64.1
10 Gbps 1300nm intra office 1300nm short haul
Distance 2km 20km

variants
User class as per ITU-T G.691, ITU-T G.692
Nominal
bitrate
Input
Frequency
tolerance
Code Binary Non Return to Zero, STM frame
Laser types 1300nm DFB laser diode

Optical
range
Spectral width Maximum spectral width measured 20dB below maximum level is:
1nm
Minimum side
mode 30dB
suppression
Minimum
extinction 6dB
ratio
Launched -6dBm to –1dBm 1dBm to 5dBm
power
At point MPI-S as per ITU-T G.691. At point Sn as per ITU-T G.692.
Maximum
launched
power in fault
condition

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 88/122
I-64.1 S-64.1
Jitter Jitter Transfer 1

characteristics The jitter transfer function is defined as the ratio of jitter on the output STM-16 signal to the
jitter applied on the input STM-16 signal versus frequency. The jitter transfer function of an
SDH regenerator shall be under the curve given in ITU-T G.783, when input sinusoidal jitter up
to the mask level given in ITU-T G.825 is applied, with the parameters specified for Type A in
ITU-T G.783: fc = 8000kHz2, P = 0.1 dB.
Jitter Output (network limits)
Behaviour).
The maximum output jitter shall be measured according ITU-T G.813 (extended to STM-64, no
ITU values available) and meet the requirements of Table 6/G.813 ITU-T G.813 with f1=20kHz,
f3=4MHz, f4=80MHz, B2=0.10UIp-p and B1NE=0.5UIp-p / B1Reg.= 0.3UIp-p
Receiver Behaviour

Sensitivity /
Dynamic -11dBm to –1dBm
Range
Maximum
Rating 0dBm
Maximum
receiver
characteristics Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal jitter applied on the input
STM-64 signal that causes a 1dB optical power penalty3 at the optical equipment. SDH line
terminals and regenerators tolerate, as a minimum, the input jitter applied acc. ITU-T G.825
(extended to STM-64, no ITU values available) with the parameters
Monitoring of
receiver input Range = (sensitivity ... overload), ±3dB tolerance.
level
Fibre Behaviour
Fiber type Single mode fibre according ITU-T G.652.
1
Only relevant for regenerators
2
Extrapolated from G.783 draft
3
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 89/122
I-64.1 S-64.1
Native LC-connector
Fibre conector
Dispersion
Maximum permissible dispersion is:
tolerance
Fiber acc. ITU-
6.6ps/nm 70ps/nm
T G.652
Fiber acc. ITU-
1dB
T G.652
Section
attenuation
Fiber acc. ITU-
T G.652
Optical return
loss of cable
discrete reflectance between MPI-S and MPI-R is -27dB according ITU-T G.691.
plant

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 90/122
S-64.2b L-64.2b L-64.3
10 Gbps 1550nm short haul 1550nm long haul via 1550nm long haul via
standard fiber dispersion shifted fiber
Distance 40km 80km

variants
Nominal
bitrate
Input ± 20ppm (Port not selected as clock reference)
Frequency ± 4.6ppm (Port selected as clock reference)
tolerance
Laser types cw-Laser with modulator cw-Laser with modulator and booster
Optical
range
Spectral width <<1nm
Minimum side
mode 30dB
suppression
Minimum
extinction 8.2dB
ratio
Launched -1dBm to +2dBm +10dBm to +13 dBm +10dBm to +13dBm
power
At point MPI-S as per ITU-T G.691.
Maximum
The maximum transmit level
launched The maximum transmit level at point MPI-S is according laser
at point MPI-S is according
power in fault class 1M.
laser class 1.
condition

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 91/122
S-64.2b L-64.2b L-64.3

SDH regenerator shall be acc. ITU-T G.783, when input sinusoidal jitter up to the mask level
given in ITU-T G.825, with the parameters specified for Type A in ITU-T G.783: fc =
8000kHz2, P = 0.1 dB.
Behaviour).
Receiver Behaviour

Dynamic
-14dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -1dBm -14dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -3dBm -13dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -3dBm
Range
Maximum
+2dBm
Rating
Maximum
reflectance of Maximum reflectance of receiver, measured at MPI-R is -27dB.
receiver
(extended to STM-64, no ITU values available) with the parameters ft=4000kHz, f0=400kHz,
A1=0.15UIp-p and A2=1.5UIp-p.
Monitoring of
level
Fibre Behaviour
1
2
3
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 92/122
S-64.2b L-64.2b L-64.3
Fiber type Single mode fibre according ITU-T G.652 with a maximum chromatic dispersion coefficient of
20ps/nm/km at 1550nm.
Dispersion shifted single mode optical fibre cable according ITU-T G.653 with a maximum
chromatic dispersion coefficient of 3.5ps/nm/km at a wavelength range of 1525nm to 1575nm.
tolerance
Fiber acc. ITU-
800ps/nm 1600ps/nm n.a.
T G.652
Fiber acc. ITU-
130ps/nm n.a. 260ps/nm
T G.653
Fiber acc. ITU-
2dB n.a.
T G.652
Fiber acc. ITU-
n.a. 1dB
T G.653
Passive
Dispersion
Compensation
Fiber acc. ITU-
n.a. -400ps/nm n.a.
T G.652
Fiber acc. ITU-
n.a.
T G.653
Total average
PMD (1st
order)
Fiber acc. ITU-
10ps n.a.
T G.652
Fiber acc. ITU-
T G.653
n.a. 10ps
Section
attenuation
Permissible section attenuation at maximum dispersion is [dB]:
Fiber acc. ITU-

3dB to 11 dB 16dB to 22dB n.a.
T G.652
Fiber acc. ITU-
n.a. n.a. 16dB to 22dB
T G.653
Optical return Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S, including any connector is 24dB and maximum
loss of cable discrete reflectance between MPI-S and MPI-R is -27dB according ITU-T G.691.
plant

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 93/122
S-64.3b V-64.2a V-64.3
10 Gbps
Distance 40km 120km
variants
Nominal
bitrate
Input
Frequency
tolerance
Laser types cw-Laser with modulator cw-Laser with modulator and booster
Optical
range
Spectral width <<1nm
Minimum side
mode 30dB ffs ffs
suppression
Minimum
extinction 8.2dB 10dB 8.2dB
ratio
Launched -1dBm to +2dBm +10dBm to +13dBm
power
Maximum The maximum transmit
launched The maximum transmit level at point MPI-S is
level at point MPI-S is
power in fault according laser class 1M.
condition according laser class 1.

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 94/122
S-64.3b V-64.2a V-64.3
10 Gbps
SDH regenerator shall be acc. ITU-T G.783, when input sinusoidal jitter up to the mask level
given in ITU-T G.825, with the parameters specified for Type A in ITU-T G.783: fc =
8000kHz2, P = 0.1 dB.
Behaviour).
Receiver Behaviour
Receiver type PIN standard version APD

Dynamic
Range -13dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -1dBm -25dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -9dBm -24dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -9dBm
Maximum
Rating +2dBm
Maximum
receiver
Monitoring of
level
Fibre Behaviour
1
2
3
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 95/122
S-64.3b V-64.2a V-64.3
10 Gbps
Fiber type Dispersion shifted single mode Dispersion shifted single mode
optical fibre cable according Single mode fibre according optical fibre cable according
ITU-T G.653 with a maximum ITU-T G.652 with a maximum ITU-T G.653 with a maximum
chromatic dispersion chromatic dispersion chromatic dispersion
coefficient of 3.5ps/nm/km at coefficient of 20ps/nm/km at coefficient of 3.5ps/nm/km at
a wavelength range of 1525nm 1550nm. a wavelength range of 1525nm
to 1575nm. to 1575nm.
Dispersion
tolerance
Fiber acc. ITU-
800ps/nm 2400ps/nm n.a.
T G.652
Fiber acc. ITU-
130ps/nm n.a. 400ps/nm
T G.653
Fiber acc. ITU-
n.a. 2dB n.a.
T G.652
Fiber acc. ITU-
1dB n.a. 1dB
T G.653
Section
attenuation
Permissible section attenuation at maximum dispersion is [dB]:
Fiber acc. ITU-

n.a. 22dB to 33dB n.a.
T G.652
Fiber acc. ITU-
3dB to 11 dB n.a. 22dB to 33dB
T G.653
Optical return
loss of cable
discrete reflectance between MPI-S and MPI-R is -27dB according ITU-T G.691.
plant

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 96/122
6.3.6 Optical STM-64 Interface for Long-Haul Application (interworking with
SURPASS hiT 7500 and MTS1c)
10 Gbit/s WDM 10G - LH

Nominal Bitrate is 10,709,225.316 kbit/s
bitrate
(255/237 x 9,953,280 kbit/s)
Distance
acc. SURPASS hiT 75xx R3.0
variants
Input
Frequency ± 20ppm
tolerance
Code Binary Non Return to Zero, OTU-2 frame
Laser types cw-Laser with MZ-modulator, chirp 0 ± 0.2
Optical
wavelength C-Band: 1528.77nm to 1563.85nm
range
Optical 196.10 to 191.70 THz (100 GHz spacing)

frequency
range ITU-T G.692 grid
Wavelength/fr
equency stability: ±3.75GHz (±30pm))
stability
Spectral width <100MHz
Minimum side
mode 33dB
suppression
Minimum
extinction >10dB @ at rated output power
ratio
Launched -2dBm to +2dBm
power
Maximum
launched
power in fault
condition

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 97/122
tter
Acc. ITU-T G.8251 (11/01)
characteristics
Eye pattern
acc. eye pattern given in ITU-T G.691 (10/2000)
mask
Receiver Behaviour
Receiver type PIN

Dynamic
Range PIN: -14dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -2dBm
OSNR 4dB @ 1nm BER <1e-13 (back-to-back, G.709 FEC enabled)

Note: begin-of-life value, without margin for PDL, temperature ageing, dispersion, polarization
mode dispersion, multi path interference.
Maximum
Rating +1dBm
Maximum
reflectance of Maximum reflectance of receiver, measured at MPI-R is –27dB.
receiver
characteristics Acc. ITU-T G.8251 (11/01)
Monitoring of
receiver input Range = (dynamic range), ±3dB tolerance.
level
ALS criterion LOS = LOF
Fibre Behaviour
Fibre
LC/PC-connector
connector
Dispersion
tolerance

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 98/122
r acc. ITU-T
-650 to +650ps/nm
G.652
Fiber acc. ITU-
2dB
T G.652
Polarization @ BER < 1e-13
Mode
dispersion 35ps total DGD @ 2dB OSNR penalty
tolerance
65ps maximum DGD at absence of optical noise @ 2dB penalty
Optical return
loss of cable 24dB
plant
Optical STM-64 Interface for Metro Application (LambdaShelf – FSP 3000)
Remote Link Port

Supported Data Rate: 9.9532 Gbps
Wavelength Specification: ITU-T G.692; 200 GHz Channel Spacing
Receiver Dynamic Range*: -15.0 dBm to -1.0 dBm (PIN Receiver)
(measured at remote receiver) -22.0 dBm to -8.0 dBm (APD Receiver)
> 26.0 dB w/o FEC
Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR)
> 23.0 dB w FEC
requirement:
(measured at remote receiver with a resolution bandwidth of 0.1 nm)
Transmitter output power range
+5.0 dBm to +7.0 dBm
(measured at WCM output):
Dispersion Limitation: 1300 ps/nm
Supported Applications
STM-64 (9.9532 Gbps)
System Performance
Bit Error Ratio 10-12 for all supported applications
FEC Functionality
Bypassed Mode (FEC not in signal path)
Operating modes
FEC active mode
(*) exceeds G.691 S64.1 regarding the receiver dynamic range.
Performance Monitoring / Fault Detection

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page 99/122
SDH / SONET Performance Monitoring (independent of FEC modes) non-intrusive at local and remote
receiver
Information on: Description
ES Errored Seconds
SEFS Severely Errored Frame Seconds
SES Severely Errored Seconds
CV / BBE Coding Violations (SONET), Background Block Errors (SDH)
Detection of:
LOS Loss of Signal
LOC Loss of Clock
LOF Loss of Frame
Regenerator Section Trace Identifier Mismatch
RS-TIM
(received trace string does not match expected string)
Regenerator Section Trace Identifier Inconsistency
RS- TII
(received trace string invalid)
Generation of:
MS – AIS / Line - AIS Automatic generation
Support of:
Viewing received regenerator section trace identifier
Configuration of expected section trace identifier
FEC Performance Monitoring at remote receiver

Information on: Description
ES Errored Seconds
SEFS Severely Errored Frame Seconds
CV Coding Violations (FEC)
UFE Uncorrected Frame Errors
Detection of:
LOS Loss of Signal
LOC Loss of Clock
LOF Loss of Frame (FEC)
Generation of:
OTU - AIS Automatic generation
OTU - OCI Automatic generation
Environmental Conditions -5°C to +50°C
Hints
Depending on the span length a dispersion penalty of up to 2 dB must be taken into
Dispersion Penalty
account for the calculation of the max. span budget.
The minimum receiver sensitivity depends critically on the OSNR – Level. The
corresponding OSNR – Level is still under investigation.
To ensure laser safety class 1 when using the WCM-S-MC9953,10312 the OSCM
Remarks(*)
must operate with EPLD version 4 and higher and µCM version 1.7 and higher
To ensure correct operation of the ALS in combination with EDFAs the EDFA EPLD
version 3 and higher has to be installed

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page
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6.3.8 Optical Mux/Demux for 40 G (4x10G) Interface
The 4 x 10G WDM line interface of SURPASS HIT 7070 is realized by multiplexing four
IFS10G interfaces with the optical multiplexer IFS40G-MX.
40 Gbps 1550nm short haul

WDM
Line 4 x 10 Gbps proprietary interface
Interface
Distance
up to 20 km
variants
Nominal
4 x 9,953,280 kbps
bitrate
Input ± 20ppm (Port not selected as clock reference)
Frequency ± 4.6ppm (Port selected as clock reference)
tolerance
Code WDM Binary Non Return to Zero, 4 x OTU2
Laser types cw-Laser with modulator
Optical wave- λ1 = 1538.19 nm +/- 160 pm 194.9 THz +/- 20 GHz
lengthes λ2 = 1539.77 nm +/- 160 pm 194.7 THz +/- 20 GHz
frequencies λ3 = 1541.35 nm +/- 160 pm 194.5 THz +/- 20 GHz
λ4 = 1542.94 nm +/- 160 pm 194.3 THz +/- 20 GHz
Spectral
width
0.4nm modulated
Minimum
side mode 30dB per channel
suppression
Minimum
extinction 10dB per channel
ratio
Launched Channel Power at Point Si (dBm) Insertion loss Mux Power at MPI-S per
power (dB) channel (dBm)
min max min max(*) min (*) max
1 -1 2 2.1 3.7 -4.7 -0.1
2 -1 2 1.7 3.3 -4.3 0.3
3 -1 2 1.3 2.9 -3.9 0.7
4 -1 2 0.9 2.5 -3.5 1.1
Total power in the fiber at point MPI-S: min. +2.0 dBm (*) and max. +5.3 dBm if all 4 channels
are equipped.
(*) Including 1dB connector losses

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page
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WDM
Interface
At point Si and MPI-S as per ITU-T G.692
Maximum
launched
The maximum transmit level at point MPI-S is according laser class 1M
power in
If ALS is enabled the maximum transmit level
fault
at point MPI-S is according laser class 1
condition
Jitter Jitter Transfer
characteris- n.a.
tics
per STM-64 Jitter Output (network limits)
channel G.825 draft (02/99): "Network limits for the maximum output jitter and wander at any
hierarchical interface ": These values exist assuming a worst case accumulation of jitter and
wander in a network. They have to be tolerable for measurements purposes, however sinusoidal
jitter modulation is used for testing SDH- input ports (refer to "Jitter Tolerance" within Receiver
Behaviour).
ITU values available) and meet the requirements of Table 6/ITU-T G.813 with f1=20kHz,
mask Figure 2 of ITU-T G.691 with the parameters:
per STM-64
channel
Receiver Behaviour
Receiver type APD

Sensitivity / Input level range for a bit error rate BER ≤ 1 x 10-12
Dynamic at point Ri and MPI-R is:
Range (*) Including 1 dB connector losses
Dynamic Channel Dynamic range at point Ri insertion loss of demux Dynamic range at point
Range (dBm) (dB) MPI-R (dBm)
min max min max(*) min (*) max
1 -15 -1 0.9 2.5 -12.5 -0.1
2 -15 -1 1.3 2.9 -12.1 0.3
3 -15 -1 1.7 3.3 -11.7 0.7
4 -15 -1 2.1 3.7 -11.3 1.1
Maximum
Rating +3 dBm at point MPI-Ri

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page
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WDM
Interface
Maximum
receiver
characteris- Jitter tolerance is defined as the peak-to-peak amplitude of sinusoidal jitter applied on the input
tics STM-64 signal that causes a 1dB optical power penalty1 at the optical equipment. SDH line
Monitoring of Range= (sensitivity ... Overload) +/-3dB tolerance
receiver input at point MPI-Ri
level
Fiber Behaviour
tolerance
G.652 fiber 800ps/nm
Dispersion Maximum optical path penalty due to dispersion is:
loss
G.652 fiber 1dB
Total PMD 15ps maximum differential group delay (DGD)
(1st order)
Section Permissible section attenuation range neglecting dispersion is 0dB to 7.8dB.
attenuation
Permissible section attenuation range at maximum dispersion is 0dB to 6.8dB.
Optical Minimum optical return loss of cable plant at S, including any connector is 24dB
return loss of and maximum discrete reflectance between MPI-S and MPI-R is -27dB
cable plant according ITU-T G.691.
1

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page
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6.4 Electrical Planning Data
6.4.1 Electrical STM-1 interface:
Electrical STM-1 Interface

Bitrate: 155,52Mbps
Code: CMI
Frequency
Tolerance ±4,6.ppm (Input)
.
±20 ppm (MS_AIS in SDH regenerator sections)
Impedance 75 Ω unbalanced (Input and Output)
Return Loss >15dB (8MHz ... 240MHz)
(Input and Output) acc. to TABLE 11/ITU-T G.703
Input Cable 0 ... 12,7dB (78MHz) acc. to ITU-T G.703 / chapter 12.3
Attenuation
Transmitting Pulse acc. to ITU-T G.703 / FIGURE24-25
Shape
Jitter Input: >1,5 UIpp (500Hz ... 3,25kHz)
Characteristics 20dB/dec (3,25kHz ... 65kHz)
STM-1e >0.075 UIpp (65kHz ... 1,3MHz)
Output: ≤ 0.5 UIpp (500Hz ... 1,3MHz)
≤ 0.05 UIpp (65kHz ... 1,3MHz)
Requirements acc. to
ITU-T G.825 / ETSI - DE/TM-03067
Connectors 75 Ω coax connectors 1,0/2,3
(micro coax connector with front access)
Overvoltage 500Vpp 10µs / 700µs
Protection
Output
Level: ≥ -20dB,
Monitoring for each
(in relation to FIGURE24-25/ ITU-T G.703)
Port
Return loss: ≥14dB (8MHz ... 240MHz)
Requirements acc. to ITU-T G.772
coaxial connectors 1,0/2,3 (75 Ω, female)
6.4.2 Electrical 2 Mbps interface
2 Mbps Interface
Bitrate: 2,048Mbps
Code: HDB3
Frequency
Tolerance ±50.ppm (Input)

08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page
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2 Mbps Interface
Impedance 75 Ω unbalanced / 120 Ω balanced (Input and Output)
(Input and Output) acc. to ITU-T G.703
Return Loss Input: ≥ 12 dB (51kHz ... 102kHz)
≥ 18 dB (102kHz ... 2048kHz)
≥ 14 dB (2048kHz ... 3072kHz)
Output: ≥ 6 dB (51kHz ... 102kHz)
≥ 8 dB (102kHz ... 3072kHz)
Input acc. to ITU-T G.703 / Output acc. to ETS300-166
Input Cable 0...6 dB (1024 kHz) acc. ITU-T G.703
Attenuation
Transmitting Pulse acc. to ITU-T G.703 / FIGURE15/G.703
Shape
Jitter Input: >1,5 UIpp (20Hz ... 2,4kHz)
Characteristics 20dB/dec (2,4kHz ... 18kHz)
>0.2 UIpp (18kHz ... 100kHz)
Output: a: mapping jitter:
≤ * UIpp (20Hz ... 100kHz)
≤ 0.075 UIpp (18kHz ... 100kHz)
b: combined jitter:
≤ 0,4 UIpp (20Hz ... 100kHz)
≤ 0.075 UIpp (18kHz ... 100kHz)
(test sequence see ITU-T G.783 /1997)
ITU-T G.783 / ITU-T G.823 / ETSI - Rec 300417.ets
Measurement arrangements acc. to ITU-T G.825
Connectors SIPAC connectors
Overvoltage 1kVpp 10µs / 700µs
Protection Acc. To. ETS 300 386-1
Input / Output
Level: ≥ -20dB,
Monitoring
(in relation to FIGURE15/G.703)
selectable for each
Port Impedance: 75 Ω unbalanced
Return loss: ≥14dB (102kHz ... 3072kHz)
Requirements acc. to G.772
cannon connectors (female)

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6.5 Ethernet Planning Data
6.5.1 Optical Gigabit Ethernet Traffic Interface (1000 Base SX/LX)
1.25Gbaud 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-LX

850nm short haul 1300nm long haul
Distance 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-LX

variants
User class as per IEEE 802.3, 2000
Nominal
Bitrate is 1.250.000 kbaud
bitrate
Input
Frequency ± 100ppm
tolerance
Code Binary Non Return to Zero, 8B/10B
Laser types VCSEL FPL

Optical
wavelength 770nm-860nm 1270nm-1355nm
range
Spectral width
0.85nm 4nm
(rms)
Minimum side
mode n.a. n.a.
suppression
Minimum
extinction 9dB 9dB
ratio
Launched -9.5dBm to 0dBm -11.0dBm to -3dBm
power
At point TP2 as per IEEE 802.3, 2000
Maximum
launched The maximum transmit level at point MDI- is according laser class 1.
power in fault LaserPowerOff: P≤ -30dBm
condition
Jitter
characteristics as per IEEE 802.3, 2000 Table 38-10
Compl. Point Total Jitter[ps]

TP1 192
TP2 345
TP3 408
TP4 599
Eye pattern
mask The eye diagram for the optical transmit signal meets the requirement mask of
Figure 38-2 of [IEEE 802.3, 2000] with the parameters:

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1.25Gbaud 1000BASE-SX 1000BASE-LX
850nm short haul 1300nm long haul
Receiver Behaviour
Receiver type PIN PIN
Sensitivity /
Dynamic Input level range for a bit error rate BER ≤ 1 x 10-12 at point TP3 is:
Range
-17dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -0dBm -19dBm ≤ Pin ≤ -3dBm
Stressed -12.5dBm/
Sensitivity -13.5dBm -14.4dBm
(62.5µmMMF / 50µmMMF)
Maximum
0dBm 0dBm
Rating
Maximum
reflectance of Maximum reflectance of receiver, measured at MDI is -12dB.
receiver
Eye Penalty 2.6dB / 2.2dB 2.6dB
(62.5µmMMF/50µmMMF)
RX 3dB cut-
1500MHz 1500MHz
off-max
characteristics
n.a., referred to “ Stressed Sensitivity”
Input Signal Input_optical_power < -30dBm :FAIL
Detect
Input_optical_power ≥ RX-Sens. AND compl. 1000BASE signal input: OK
Fiber Behaviour
Fiber type 62.5µm MMF /
10µm SMF
50µm MMF
Operating 220m /
5000m
Distance 500m
6.5.2 Electrical Ethernet Traffic Interfaces
10Base-T 100Base-T 1000Base-T

Standard IEEE 802.3 :2002 IEEE 802.3 :2002 IEEE 802.3 :2002
Bitrate 10Mbps 125Mbps 1000Mbps
Frequency tolerance 10MHz +/-100ppm +/-100ppm
Coding Manchester 4B/5B MLT3 4D-PAM5
Cable type Cat 3 Cat 5 Cat 5
Connector type RJ-45 Shielded RJ-45 Shielded RJ-45
Cable impedance 100 Ohm 100 Ohm 100 Ohm
Maximum operating
100m 100m 100m
distance
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6.6 Management and other interfaces
6.6.1 F interface
This interface bases on the physical serial-interface and is known as the former LCT-interface.
The F interface is implemented as a RS232 interface for LCT access. Max Baudrate is 19.2k
Baud.
6.6.2 Q interface
Q interface is Network Management Interface, which is also possible for a LCT connection. It
is implemented as 10/100Base T interface. One RJ45 connectors is provided.
6.6.3 2-Wire interface for an analogue handset
Parameter: Value:
frequency range 300 ... 3400 Hz
input level 0 dBr
output level -14 dBr
input impedance 600 Ohm (balanced)
output impedance 150 Ohm (balanced)
capacity 64 Kbps
maximum distance (0,5 mm wire) <5m
connector RJ-11
dialling method DTMF
6.6.4 4-Wire E&M Interface

The OHM provides an analog 4-wire EOW-E&M telephone interface. This analog interface is
accessible at a DB-9 connector.
Parameter: Value:
frequency range 300 ... 3400 Hz
input level - 4 dBr (ETSI)
-16 dBr (ANSI)
output level - 4 dBr (ETSI)
+ 7 dBr (ANSI)
input impedance 600 Ohm (balanced)
output impedance 600 Ohm (balanced)
capacity 64 Kbps
maximum distance (0,5 mm wire) < 20 m
connector DB-9

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6.6.5 Interface for 64 kbps data channels
Four bi-directional data-transparent physical V.11/X.21 interfaces are provided. This enables
the implementation of four synchronous V.11/X.21 interfaces with either co-directional mode
or contra-directional mode. Each V.11/X.21 interfaces has a basic capacity of 64 Kbps.
6.6.6 TIF interface
The TIF signal is handled by SCOH. A 15-pin D-Sub-connector male on COPA provides lines
for eight sensors (TIF-IN1..8) Characteristics of Signals
Sensor (Input):
A TIF input supervises the input voltage against ground. The input voltage must be negative
against ground.
The relation between the input state (active, inactive) and the logical alarm (raised, cleared)
reported via the PCB can be configured via the PCB.
x = customer-specified voltage for active state (TIF_INx)

Number of Input ports 8
Input voltage range: x V_ to (x-75) V_
Voltage range for active state: x V_ to (x-3) V_
Voltage range for inactive state: (x-10) V_ to (x-75) V_
Input current range (input connected to ground): 1 to 3 mA
TIF-common_in range (TIF-COM-IN): (x-30) V_ to (x-75) V_
6.6.7 Interfaces for network clock synchronisation
T4 (Output) Synchronisation Interface

The 2048 kHz and 2048 kbps can be output. Both are according ITU-T G.703 [81]. The
frequency range is limited to +/- 4.6 ppm. The electrical specifications are as following:
T4 (2048 kHz):
Frequency 2048 kHz ± 4.6 ppm

Test load impedance 75 ohms resistive 120 ohms resistive
Maximum peak voltage (Vop) 1.5 1.9
Minimum peak voltage (Vop) 0.75 1.0
Maximum jitter at an output port 0.05 UI peak-to-peak, measured within the frequency
range ƒ1 = 20 Hz to ƒ4 = 100 kHz (Note)
NOTE – This value is valid for network timing distribution equipments. Other values may be
specified for timing output ports of digital links carrying the network timing.

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T4 (2048 kbps):
Test load impedance 75 ohms resistive 120 ohms resistive

Nominal peak voltage of a mark (pulse) 2.37 V 3V
Peak voltage of a space (no pulse) 0 ± 0.237 V 0 ± 0.3 V
Nominal pulse width 244 ns
Ratio of the amplitudes of positive and 0.95 to 1.05
negative pulses at the centre of the pulse
interval
Ratio of the widths of positive and negative 0.95 to 1.05
pulses at the nominal half amplitude
Maximum peak-to-peak jitter at an output Refer to clause 2/G.823
port
T3 input interface:
The 2048 kHz Synchronization Input Interface is according ITU-T G.703 [81]. The frequency
range is limited to +/- 4.6 ppm. This is general the case with SEC synchronization equipment.
See table and figure in T4 (2048kHz) interface for electrical specifications.
6.7 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Climate Condition
Operation ETSI ETS 300 019 class 3.1E -5 to +45 °C
Storage ETSI ETS 300 019 class 1.2
Transport ETSI ETS 300 019 class 2.3
6.8 ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

Gerneral EN 300 386-2 V1.3.1 (2001-09);
ETS 300 132-2 V2.0.0 (2001-12);
Telecom Australia Spec 1555 Part1, Issue2;
Electromagnetic Emission
Compliance with the international and national standards and recommendations
EN 55 022
Electromagnetic Immunity
Compliance with standards and recommendations IEC 801
ITU-T K.15 draft / K.17/K.20/K.22

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6.9 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PARAMETERS
6.9.1 Parameters for SDH Signals
Near End Background The number of near end background block errors is evaluated by the
Block Errors N_BBE f16 filter on a per second basis. For every errored block, which was
not received during a severely errored second, the N_BBE counter is
incremented by one.
N_BBE ← pN_EBC if (N_SES = false) or 0 if (N_SES = true)
The number of near end BBEs per second, N_BBE, is accumulated
with a delay of 10s (due to the determination of unavailable time) in
the current 15min register by the f31 filter. Counting is suppressed by
the f17 filter during near end unavailable time. The counters maintain
their content during and resume counting at the end of unavailable
time.
Far End Background The number of far end background block errors is evaluated by the f26
Block Errors F_BBE filter on a per second basis. For every errored block which was not
received during a far end severely errored second or during a near end
defect second the F_BBE counter is incremented by one.
F_BBE ← pF_EBC if ((F_SES = false) AND (pN_DS = false)) or 0 if
((F_SES = true) OR (pN_DS = true))
The number of far end BBEs per second, F_BBE, is accumulated with
a delay of 10s (due to the determination of unavailable time) in the
current 15min register by the f31 filter. Counting is suppressed by the
f27 filter during far end unavailable time. The counters maintain their
content during and resume counting at the end of unavailable time.
Near End Errored A one second period is declared as a near end errored second by the
Seconds N_ES f13 filter in case or a near end defect second or if at least one near end
errored block in that second was detected.
N_ES ← (pN_DS = true) OR (pN_EBC ≥ 1)
The number of near end ES is counted with a delay of 10s (due to the
determination of unavailable time) in the current 15min register by the
f31 filter. Counting is suppressed by the f17 filter during near end
unavailable time. The counters maintain their content during and
resume counting at the end of unavailable time.
Far End Errored A far end errored second is declared by the f23 filter in case or a far
Seconds F_ES end defect second or if at least one far end errored block in that second
was detected, but only if the second is not a near end defect second
(i.e. near end defect seconds suppress F_ES evaluation).
F_ES ← ((pF_DS = true) OR (pF_EBC ≥ 1)) AND (pN_DS = false)
The number of far end ES is counted – with a delay of 10s due to the
determination of unavailable time – in the current 15min register by

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the f31 filter. Counting is suppressed by the f27 filter during far end
Near End Severely A one second period is declared as a near end severely errored second
Errored Seconds by the f14 filter in case of a near end defect second or if the number of
N_SES errored blocks in that second exceeds a preset threshold SESTHR.
N_SES is a subset of N_ES.
N_SES ← (pN_DS = true) OR (pN_EBC ≥ SESTHR)
The number of near end SESs is counted with a delay of 10s (due to
the determination of unavailable time) in the current 15min register by
the f31 filter. Counting is suppressed by the f17 filter during near end
Far End Severely A far end severely errored second is declared by the f24 filter in case
Errored Seconds or a far end defect second or if the number of far end errored blocks in
F_SES that second exceeds a preset threshold, but only if the second is not a
near end defect second (i.e. near end defect seconds suppress F_SES
evaluation). The same threshold as for N_SES is applicable for
F_SES, too. F_SES is a subset of F_ES.
F_SES ← ((pF_DS = true) OR (pF_EBC ≥ SESTHR)) AND (pN_DS
= false)
The number of far end SES is counted with a delay of 10s (due to the
determination of unavailable time) in the current 15min register by the
f31 filter. Counting is suppressed by the f27 filter during far end
Near End Unavailable N_UAS are the seconds within near end unavailable time. Near end
Seconds N_UAS unavailable time starts at the beginning of ten consecutive near end
severely errored seconds and ends at the beginning of ten consecutive
non-N_SES. I.e. the determination of near end unavailable time
introduces a delay of 10s. The output of the f15 filter is raised after 10
consecutive N_SES and cleared after 10 consecutive non-N_SES.
Thus the f15 filter indicates near end unavailable time with a delay of
10s. The f18 and f31 filters count the number of seconds during near
end unavailable time in the current 15min register. In order to maintain
alignment between the N_BBE; N_ES, and N_SES counters and the
f15 filter, the N_BBE, N_ES, and N_SES filter outputs have to be
delayed by 10s, too.
Far End Unavailable F_UAS are the seconds within far end unavailable time. Far end
Seconds F_UAS unavailable time starts at the beginning of ten consecutive far end
severely errored seconds and ends at the beginning of ten consecutive
non-F_SES. I.e. the determination of far end unavailable time
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introduces a delay of 10s. The output of the f25 filter is raised after 10
consecutive F_SES and cleared after 10 consecutive non-F_SES. Thus
the f25 filter indicates far end unavailable time with a delay of 10s.
The f28 and f31 filters count the number of seconds during far end
unavailable time in the current 15min register. In order to maintain
alignment between the F_BBE, F_ES, and F_SES counters and the f25
filter, the F_BBE, F_ES, and F_SES filter outputs have to be delayed
by 10s, too.
AU Pointer Positive and negative pointer justification events are counted in
Justification Counts independent counters on a per second basis for each VC-4 separately1.
PJE+ and PJE- In a virtually concatenated group of VC-4s separate PJE+ and PJE-
counters exist for each individual VC-4. In case of contiguous
concatenation the pointer processor of each individual VC-4 in the
contiguously concatenated group will detect the same pointer
justification events. There is only one PJE+ and one PJE- counter for
the VC-4-Xc.
The number of pointer justification events is further accumulated into
15min values by the f31 filter.
In the context of PM configuration or PM counter inquiries PJEs are
considered as near end performance parameters.
BER averaging time The number of seconds since the last 15min boundary which were not
BERseconds FEC defects seconds is accumulated in the current 15min BERseconds
counter. At the end of each second the BERseconds15m counter is
updated as
BERseconds15m ← BERseconds15m + 1, if (pFEC_DS = false) or
BERseconds15m if (pFEC_DS = true).
The current 24h BERseconds counter is updated only at the end of a
15min interval:
BERseconds24h ← BERseconds24h + BERseconds15m.
The current 15min BERseconds counter is reset afterwards.
In the context of PM configuration or PM counter inquiries,
BERseconds is considered as near end performance parameter.
Maximum Input Bit At the end of every second the average input bit error ratio of that
Error Ratio maxBER second is calculated as
inputBER ← (pFECcorrErr / input_bitrate) if (pFEC_DS = false) or
0 if (pFEC_DS = true),
and the maximum BER of the ongoing 15min interval is updated if
necessary,
maxBER15m ← inputBER if (inputBER>maxBER15m).
At the end of a 15min measurement interval the 24h maximum BER
1 Note that – by definition – there are no pointer justification events in LOP state or during signal fail condition. It
is therefore not necessary to explicitly suppress PJE counting under such conditions.
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register is updated as
maxBER24h ← maxBER15m if (maxBER15m > maxBER24h),
and the 15min register maxBER15m is reset.
In the context of PM configuration or PM counter inquiries, maxBER
is considered as near end performance parameter.
Average Input Bit Based on the inputBER and BERseconds15m parameters described
Error Ration above, the average BER of the current 15min measurement period is
averageBER calculated every second as:
avgBER15m(T) ← (avgBER15m(T-1) ⋅ BERseconds15m(T-1) +
inputBER(T)) / BERseconds15m(T),
with T = 1, 2, … 900s.
At the end of a 15min measurement interval the current 24h average
BER register is updated as:
avgBER24h(X) ← (avgBER24h(X-1) ⋅ BERseconds24h(X-1) +
avgBER15m(X)) / BERseconds24h(X),
with X being an index of the 15min measurement periods of the day.
In the context of PM configuration or PM counter inquiries, avgBER
is considered as near end performance parameter.
6.9.2 Parameters for Ethernet Cards
BroadcastFramesRx The total number of broadcast frames received (excluding bad

frames) by the MAC device.
broadcastFramesTx The total number of broadcast frames transmitted (excluding
bad frames) by the MAC device.
multicastFramesRx The total number of multicast frames received (excluding bad
frames, but including PAUSE frames) by the MAC device.
multicastFramesTx The total number of multicast frames transmitted (excluding
bad frames, but including PAUSE frames) by the MAC device.
unicastFramesRx The total number of unicast packets received (excluding bad
unicastFramesTx The total number of unicast packets transmitted (excluding bad
lostFramesQueueOverflowRx The number of frames removed on port due to queue overflow.
Additionally frames dropped due to packet scheduling are
added to this counter.
The basic realization is the sum of the following values (per
port):
• MAC layer – the number of RX Frames Dropped
• GFP-frame – the number of GFP-frames Dropped
badFramesCrcErrorRx Number of bad packets received due to a FCS error, or with an
alignment error.
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The following basic counters are aggregated at this counter:
• The total number of bad packets with an FCS error
(MAC device).
• Alignment errors (MAC device)
BadFramesTx Number of frames transmitted with a wrong CRC-32 1 or an
illegal size. This counter is useful for distinguishing good / bad
packets transmitted (unlike aggregated counter
‘goodPacketsTx’ in legacy NEs).
Note: Only IFOFES-E card may implements this counter; for
all other cards the value reported is zero always. G.etna
recommends no GFP-FCS.
DroppedFramesTx Number of TX frames dropped due to a large egress traffic, or
invalid GFP-frames.
Frames discarded at due to queue overflow are added at this
counter. GFP-frames that contain an invalid length, or an
invalid ETH-FCS, are also summed at this counter.
GFP frames with invalid or wrong headers fields are dropped
but not counted. The possibilities for an invalid GFP-frame,
although not counted2, are outlined as follows:
• Wrong GFP Core Header
o Invalid PLI, i.e. PLI=1, 2, or 3
o Invalid cHEC
• Wrong GFP Type Header
o Invalid PTI, i.e. not 000b (Client Data), and not
100b (Client Management) – Client
Management frames have UPI=01h used for
interpreting ETH-AIS, but dropped
o Invalid EXI; valid EXI are only 0000b (Null
Extension Header), 0001b (Linear Frame)
o Invalid UPI
o Invalid tHEC
• Wrong GFP Extension Header
o GFP Channel ID not assigned to any port
o Invalid eHEC
totalThroughputRx Good bytes received and current throughput:
Number of bytes received (excluding bad frames for cards
other than IFOFES-E ) by the MAC device.
Counts the bytes received in all legal frames, including all
1
CRC is often called in the scope of Ethernet frames; CRC-32 or ETH-FCS is used through this
document for the sake of clarity.
2
G.etna recommendations superseded G.7401 or T1X1.5/2000 initial GFP-frame recommendations,
where cHEC / tHEC / eHEC statistic counters were described.
08 27.02.2004 ICN CN SMT 2 page
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bytes from the destination MAC address to and including the
CRC-32. The initial preamble and SFD1 bytes are not counted.
totalThroughputTx Good bytes transmitted and current throughput:
Number of bytes transmitted (excluding bad frames for cards
other than IFOFES-E ) by the MAC device.
Counts the bytes transmitted in all legal frames. The count
includes all bytes from the destination MAC address to and
including the CRC. The initial preamble and SFD bytes are not
counted.
1
Start of Frame Delimiter
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7 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AIS Alarm indication signal

ADMX Add Drop Multiplexer
ALS Automatic Laser Shutdown
ANSI American National Standard Institute
APS Automatic Protection Switching
BER Bit Error Ratio
BSHR Bidirectional Self Healing Ring
CAN Control Area Network
CCU Card Clock Unit
CDR Clock and Data Recovery
CLU Clock Unit
DCC Data Communications Channel
DCM Dispersion Compensation Module
DFB Distributed Feedback
DTMF Dual Tone Multi-Frequency
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
ECC Embedded Communications Channel
EOW Engineering Order Wire
ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FEC Forward Error Correction
FIFO First In First Out
GFP Generic Framing Procedure
HO High Order (SDH Traffic)
ILAN Internal LAN
IP Interworking Protocol
ITU International Telecommunication Union
LAN Local Area Network
LCT Local Craft Terminal
LSU Line Switch Unit
LO Low Order (SDH Traffic)

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LOS Loss of Signal (indication)
LXC Local Cross Connect
MS Multiplex Section
MAC Media Access Control
MCF Message Communications Function (G.782/783/784)
MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching
MSP Multiplex Section Protection
MS-SPRing Multiplex Section, Shared Protected Ring
MUX Multiplexer
NCT Network Craft Terminal
NE Network Element
NEMI Network Element Management Interface
ODU Optical Data Unit
OTU Optical Transport Unit
PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PID Power Input Device
Q Q interface to telecommunication management network (TMN)
PoS Packet over SDH
PSU Power Supply Unit
RPR Resilient Packet Ring
SAN Storage Area Network
SCOH System Controller and Overhead (Card)
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SETS Synchronous Equipment Timing Source
SLA Service Level Agreement
SNC/P Sub-network Connection Protection with path monitoring
SONET Synchronous Optical Network
SPI SDH Physical Interface
SSM Synchronization Status MessageSSMF Standard Single Mode Fiber
STP Span Tree Protocol
STM-1 Synchronous transport module level 1
Basic signal of the synchronous digital hierarchy (155.520 Mbps)
STM-N Synchronous transport module level N
Multiplex signal with the bit rate N x 155.520 Mbps
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TDM Time Division MultiplexTIF Telemetry Interface (Housekeeping Alarm
Interface)
TMN Telecommunication Management Network
TMX Terminal Multiplexer
TNMS Telecommunication Network Management System (Network Element Manager)
UTIF Universal Traffic Interface
VC-4 Virtual Container for hierarchy level 4
VLAN Virtual LAN

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8 RELATED DOCUMENTS
The design of the SURPASS hiT 7070 system is based on the following documents:
ITU-T G.703 Physical / electrical characteristics of hierarchical digital interfaces

G.7041/Y.1303
Generic Framing Procedure
G.7042/Y.1305
Link Capacity Adjustment Schema (LCAS) for virtual concatenated
signals
G.707 Synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) bit rates
G.708 Network node interface for the synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH)
G.709 Synchronous multiplexing structure
G.773 Protocol suites for Q interfaces for management of transmission systems
G.781 Structure of recommendations on SDH multiplexing equipment
G.784 SDH management
G.803 Architecture of transport networks based on the synchronous digital
hierarchy
G.811 Timing requirements for the plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH)
G.823 The Control of Jitter and Wander within Digital Networks which are
based on the 2048 kbps Hierarchy
G.825 The Control of Jitter and Wander within Digital Networks which are
based on the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
G.826 Error Performance
G.956 Digital line systems based on the 2048-kbps hierarchy on optical fiber
cables
G.957 Optical interfaces for equipment and systems relating to SDH
G.958 Digital line systems based on SDH for use on optical fiber cables
G.691 Optical interfaces for single channel SDH systems with optical amplifiers
and STM-64 systems (draft)
G.692 Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers
G.etna Ethernet over Transport Network Architecture (ETNA)
V.11 Physical / electrical interface characteristics
K.15 draft Protection of high capacity transmission systems against and high
frequency disturbances
K.17 Test on power feed repeaters using solid state devices in order to check
the arrangement for form external interferences
K.20 Resistibility of telecommunication switching equipment to overvoltages
and overcurrents
K.22 Overvoltage Resistibility of telecommunication equipment connected to
an ISDN T/S bus

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IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring (draft)
802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Access Method & Physical Layer Specifications
DIN 41612 Connectors for printed circuits
VDE 0878 RFI suppression for systems and equipment used in telecommunications
CISPR 22 Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics

of information technology equipment
IEC 8012-6 Electromagnetic compatibility for electrical and electronic

equipment
EN 41 003 Special safety requirements for telecommunication networks interface

equipment
55022 Limits and methods of measurement of radio interference characteristics
of information technology equipment
ETS 300 019 Climatic conditions

300 119 European Telecommunication Standard for Equipment Practice
300 132 Power supply interface at the input to telecommunication equipment
(DE/EE-2001)
300 386 Electromagnetic compatibility
DE/TM-1015 Generic Functional Requirements for SDH Transmission Equipment
DE/TM 2201 Transmission and multiplexing SDH information model for the network
element view

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9 ANNEX
The following are Annex documents to this Technical Description:
9.1.1 Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)
9.1.2 Card Release Table
9.1.3 Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
9.1.4 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS)
9.1.5 Protection Schemes in the SURPASS hiT 70series

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SURPASS HiT 7070 Technical Description

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SURPASS hiT 7070

Next Generation Multi-Service Provisioning Platform

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights Reserved

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

Figure 1: Future Traffic Growth ................................................................................................................................ 6

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

Figure 1: Future Traffic Growth

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

SURPASS hiT 7070 Double Core (DC)

2 General System Description

2.1 Fundamentals of SURPASS hiT 7070

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

SURPASS hiT 7070

Figure 2.1a: Different switching fabrics within a single platform

Figure 2.1b: GFP interfaces for SURPASS hiT 7070

2.2 System Application

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

TDM/Data traffic TDM/Data traffic

Figure 2.2.1: Point to Point link with SURPASS hiT 7070

2.2.2 Add Drop Multiplexer (ADMX)

TDM/Data traffic TDM/Data traffic TDM/Data traffic

Figure 2.2.2: ADMX in a Linear Add Drop Topology

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

Figure 2.2.3: Local Cross Connect in SURPASS hiT 7070

2.2.4 Metro WDM / Long-Haul DWDM Operation

Figure 2.2.4: Direct Interworking with Metro-WDM and Long-Haul DWDM

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

Figure 2.2.5: 40 Gbps operation via Optical Mux/Demux

2.3 Control Architecture

System control and monitoring is performed by a distributed architecture of interconnected

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

The following synchronisation sources are provided:

2.5 Software / Firmware

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

2.7 Single Fiber Operation

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

Figure 2.7a: Single fiber mode for STM-1,4,16

Figure 2.7b: Direction Mismatch alarming due to fiber interruption

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

connector HRL connector

Figure 2.7c: Single fiber mode for STM-64

2.8 Overhead Access

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

High Capacity Overhead Channels (HCOC)1:

DCCM (combined CP for bytes (6,1,1), (6,4,1), (6,7,1), (7,1,1),

Table 2.8: OH Connection point types

Table 2.9: HCOC Group definitions

2.10 Engineering Order Wire (EOW)

2.11 Overhead Cross-Connection (OHCC)

Switching of SDH overhead bytes (overhead cross-connection) is implemented in the Overhead

digital 2-wire EOW

digital 4-wire analogue

Figure 2.11: The Overhead Cross-Connection Function (OHCC)

© Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All Rights reserved

Table 2.11: Possible OH / DCC connection types

2.12.1 SDH Traffic Protection

1+1 Linear Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)

Working fiber breaks

The following traffic interfaces support 1+1 MSP:

Figure 2.12.1b: Example of 1+1 MSP port protection

Protection switching is < 50 ms as recommended by ITU-T G.783. Furthermore, protection

1:1 Linear MSP

1:N Linear MSP

The following interfaces support 1:N MSP: