-- lets see the table job_history

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID=176; --HIS job now is SA_REP

SELECT * FROM JOB_HISTORY

where EMPLOYEE_ID=176;

--the union between EMPLOYEES and JOB_HISTORY

/* 1- the number of columns should be match
2- the data type should be match
3- duplicates has been elimnated
4- the query order is ASC FOR ALL columns
*/
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID
FROM
EMPLOYEES
UNION
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID
FROM
JOB_HISTORY;

--the union all between EMPLOYEES and JOB_HISTORY

/* 1- the number of columns should be match
2- the data type should be match
3- duplicates has not been elimnated
4- the query not orders
*/
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID
FROM
EMPLOYEES
UNION all
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID
FROM
JOB_HISTORY;

---the column name in first query appear in the results

--so here emp_id, job will be appaer in the results
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID emp_id , JOB_ID job
FROM
EMPLOYEES
UNION
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID emno, JOB_ID jobid
FROM
JOB_HISTORY;

-- the intersect operator

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID emp_id , JOB_ID job
FROM
EMPLOYEES
intersect
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID emno, JOB_ID jobid
FROM
JOB_HISTORY;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES

WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID=200;

SELECT * FROM JOB_HISTORY

where EMPLOYEE_ID=200;

--here the EMPLOYEE_ID 200 will not appear because we add another column in query
DEPARTMENT_ID, so it will compare 3 columns
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID emp_id , JOB_ID job ,DEPARTMENT_ID
FROM
EMPLOYEES
INTERSECT
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID emno, JOB_ID jobid,DEPARTMENT_ID
FROM
JOB_HISTORY;

--the minus operator

--display the emplopyee that who have not changed thir job
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID
FROM
EMPLOYEES
minus
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID
FROM
JOB_HISTORY;
-----------------------------------------------

--i want you to display the "first_name last_name " also in this query as full name

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID,first_name||' '||last_name name

FROM
EMPLOYEES
UNION
SELECT HIST.EMPLOYEE_ID, HIST.JOB_ID, emp.first_name||' '||emp.last_name name
FROM
JOB_HISTORY HIST
JOIN EMPLOYEES EMP
ON (HIST.EMPLOYEE_ID=EMP.EMPLOYEE_ID);

-----------------------------------------------

--matching dummy column

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID, email

FROM
EMPLOYEES
UNION
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID, to_char(null) email
FROM
JOB_HISTORY;

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID, salary

FROM
EMPLOYEES
UNION
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID, 0 salary
FROM
JOB_HISTORY;
-------------------------------------

--the order by come last and only once

SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID, salary
FROM
EMPLOYEES
UNION
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID, JOB_ID, 0 salary
FROM
JOB_HISTORY
ORDER BY EMPLOYEE_ID;

--the order by can see only column name in the first querey
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID emp_id, JOB_ID, salary
FROM
EMPLOYEES
UNION
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID empno , JOB_ID, 0 salary
FROM
JOB_HISTORY
ORDER BY emp_id; -- try to use empno, it will give error

--you can use the column number to solve the issue of def. column name
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID emp_id, JOB_ID, salary
FROM
EMPLOYEES
UNION
SELECT EMPLOYEE_ID empno , JOB_ID, 0 salary
FROM
JOB_HISTORY
ORDER BY 1;