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MUMBAI | WEDNESDAY, 27 DECEMBER 2017 1
If we are to realise the full potential of novel biologics to improve people’s health, China has already emerged as a lead- try’s health care system clearly illustrates
ing consumer market in biopharmaceu- that the very low public spending on Celebration with a difference
it is essential to encourage public policy and support R&D ticals, which is set to be a major segment health care has resulted in inadequate It is rare for the Ministry of External Affairs
of China’s advanced consumer market infrastructure and appropriately skilled to have a tableau at the Republic Day
ing biological drugs. nations susceptible to diseases that are over the coming years. By 2020, the size manpower in public health facilities, Parade. But the 2018 Republic Day will be
It’s been evident for a decade that now escalating into global epidemics; in of China’s biopharmaceutical market will especially in rural India. Health insur- different. To mark the 25th anniversary
biological drugs are the future of medi- both countries, non-communicable dis- be second only to the US. ance coverage is low, and we have one of of establishment of the Asean-India
cine; throughout the global pharmaceu- eases or NCDs cause more than half the China has already taken the lead in the world’s highest rates of out-of-pock- Dialogue Partnership, Prime Minister
tical industry, numerous innovations deaths annually. creating a regulatory framework for the et spending in health care. Narendra Modi has invited leaders of all
abound — from immunotherapies, anti- The emergence of drug resistant stra- development and manufacturing of bio- If India wants to catch up with China 10 Asean member countries to be the chief
body drug conjugates (antibodies ins of diseases is another threat, leading logics. Beginning with data protection (and the developed world) it is but guests at the Republic Day Parade. The
attached to biologically active drugs), to higher economic costs from illness and for 10 years, China has shown its intent imperative that we get our act right. We parade is also likely to have two tableaux
companion diagnostics, combination disability. For example, India and China in fostering innovation and becoming a need regulatory data protection; from the Ministry of External Affairs, one
therapeutics and gene and cell thera- account for over 50 per cent of global force to reckon with. The Chinese app- approvals based on scientific evidence float will focus on India-Asean
pies, to name just a few. multi-drug resistant tuberculosis cases. roach of linking government, industry and government-academia-industry connectivity, including the India-
KANCHANA T K The market for medicines is set for China’s biopharmaceuticals indus- and academia in the pursuit of creating collaboration. To stay competitive, we Myanmar-Thailand Trilateral Highway
significant disruption, as we move into try will be developed to scale during a sound base for developing biologics have to be future-ready. and the “Bali Jatra” festival celebrated
in Odisha, while the other tableau will
C
hina and India together account the age of personalised medicine. How the 13th Five-Year Plan (FYP) period, also demonstrates national commit- To get there, the government will have
for close to 40 per cent of the glob- ready are we, though, to both exploit the with a focus on enhanced innovation ment towards encouraging new and to lead the way: create a predictable and focus on cultural links, particularly the
al population, are among the three opportunities biologics offer, and derive capacity, industrial structures and innovative drug therapies to address conducive environment, put in place the celebration of Ramayana in the region.
largest economies (on a purchasing pow- the benefits of these new and extraordi- international cooperation. unmet medical needs. appropriate regulatory framework and
er parity or PPP basis) in the world, and nary medicines? The FYP describes a plan to double India has some serious catching up to let innovation in biologics do their mag-
are the two fastest growing emerging Both are highly and densely popu- the industry’s scale through the broad do. If we are to realise the full potential of ic. Let the future begin. Track me if you can
economies in the world. They are also lated countries, with the associated application of genomics and other bio- novel biologics to improve people’s
the two countries that will most likely be health hazards that such regions come technologies, networked application health, it is essential to encourage public The author is director general, Organisation of
the world’s largest hubs for manufactur- with. Population density makes both demonstration, and the scaling up of a policy and regulatory environments to Pharmaceutical Producers of India
E
arlier this year UN Women in part- longitudinal study of Indian television is indeed very useful. But as we try and
nership with Unilever and indus- ads for packaged consumer products, present men and women in non-
try leaders such as IPG, WPP, this author too saw that, even if you take stereotypical roles, we need to ensure Clutching at straws?
Facebook, Google, Mars, Microsoft and a time span of 40 years from 1970s to that the mere change in the roles pre- In terms of its legislative strength, the
J&J announced the launch of the 2010s, presentation of women has not sented does not end up creating a sub- Communist Party of India (Marxist) has
Unstereotype Alliance, a new global changed significantly. They are still pre- plot that is confusing. seldom been weaker in the last four decades.
alliance set up to banish stereotypical sented in the primary caregiver, home- This challenge is even more palpable But last week or so has brought good news
portrayal of gender in advertisements maker and nurturer of children roles. in a country like India where television for the party. The party finished second in the
and all branding content. Men often play the role of the breadwin- is yet to reach all households (though it bypoll to Sabong in West Bengal. Party chief
The fact that brands tend to use ner and sometimes the doting father. is getting there soon). Consumers are Sitaram Yechury tweeted that CPI (M) came in
stereotypical images is something Why is it so difficult to portray gen- still getting their feet wet on several new second in a constituency it had not contested
that has been written about and ders differently? PLAYING IT SAFE Brands tend to stereotype because they want to use the product categories and need fairly sim- after 1982. “This, despite fighting against the
researched extensively. Enough to say In today’s attention-starved world, valuable time to communicate their brand story and not lose the consumer ple messages that they can decode and muscle power of Trinamool Congress and
that there is little love lost between brands are desperately using the narrow on a message decoding journey interpret (no wonder Indian packaged money power of Bharatiya Janata Party, was
the liberal arts academic world and window of opportunity that consumers goods ads always have a rather long possible due to the persistence and hard
the world of advertising. offer them, often less than 30 seconds, ing consumer attention. they want to use the valuable time to product description window). work of our comrades. We will only do better
One of the early works on studying to diligently communicate their brand There is yet another problem. If I am communicate their brand story and not If you start seeing all ads on televi- from here,” said Yechury. The CPI (M)
gender presentation in advertising is benefits. These may be rational (our advertising a food product or a cooking lose the consumer on a message decod- sion that show men cooking, women leadership was also upbeat about winning
the book, Gender Advertisements, by detergent washes brightest), or emoti- aid, like a ready-to-make dish, and if I ing journey. going to work, men picking up children an assembly seat in Himachal Pradesh. Its
Erving Goffman. Prof Goffman is con- onal (you will feel proud how bright your show a man cooking the dish, what will It is true that sometimes using a dif- from school, fighting in PTA meets, I candidate Rakesh Singha won the Theog seat
sidered by some as the most influential kids look) or even social (save water the consumer decode? Communication ferent gender helps highlight a feature or wonder what will happen. Will the ads from Shimla. A CPI (M) MP commented how
American sociologist of the twentieth while washing clothes). This task itself theory tells us about the various stages: tell a brand story better. A leading brand start looking too weird? Or will they start communism was seeing a revival in India via
century. He served as tenured professor seems unsurmountable and if you layer sender — codes message — decoding by of SUV used women drivers in many of nudging the society towards relooking the hills, first with the communist parties in
of sociology at University of California at this with the task of presenting women receiver — receiver “gets” the message. its ads, just to communicate the fact that at gender defined roles? I do hope that it Nepal comprehensively winning the election
Berkeley. In the book Gender Advert- or men in “non-stereotypical” role, you Will they see the dish as “so easy to make the SUV is a pleasure and easy to drive. is the latter that will play out. to form the government and now CPI (M)
isements, published in 1979, he exam- are asking for a lot from a 30-second that ‘even’ a man can make it”? Or will But some felt that this may make the winning a seat in Himachal Pradesh. The
ines a few hundred print advertise- window. For a minute, let us ignore the they decode it as something meant for macho SUV look too effeminate. The author is an independent brand strategist, CPI (M) is hard at work to ensure that it comes
ments for American brands, across long-format films that are used in digi- bachelors only? If in the film we bring a What can we expect from the com- author and founder, Brand-Building.com, back to power in Tripura, where assembly
diverse product groups. His research tal media. There the opportunities are woman, then what happens? panies that have signed the Unstereo- a brand advisory. He can be reached on elections are due by March.
indicated that advertisements tend to different, so are the challenges of hold- Brands tend to stereotype because type Alliance? Will they stop showing ambimgp@brand-building.com
B-schools teaching #MeToo, NFL protests & Trump Fighting agrarian distress court order sentencing imprisonment for
the number of days commensurate with
MBA is no longer just about finance, marketing, accounting and economics With reference to “Ploughing private cap- the amount of the cheque dishonoured.
ital in agriculture” (December 26), in his Naresh Saxena New Delhi
DAVID GELLES & CLAIRE CAIN MILLER from students for classes that deal with Budget speech of 2017-18, Finance Min-
ethics. Students also realise that as lead- ister Arun Jaitley termed mitigation of Life beyond Earth
Tim Vogus, a professor at Vanderbilt ers of increasingly diverse work forces, agrarian distress a “non-negotiable agen-
University’s business school, was stok- they will need to understand their da for our government” and increased the With reference to “Where are the aliens?”
ing the debate in his classroom one day employees’ perspectives on national total allocation for the rural, agriculture (December 22), one of the greatest scient-
this fall, asking first-year MBA students debates, and how corporate decisions and allied sectors to ~1,87,223 crore, 24 per ific mysteries is, are we alone in the univ-
about one of the most successful, and affect them. cent higher than the previous year. More erse? The sheer number of planets increas-
controversial, companies of the day. On One way that some business schools farmer-friendly provisions were incorpo- es the probability that Earth-like planets
the syllabus was Uber, a case study in are responding is by drawing on the rated into the flagship Pradhan Mantri amendment to law on cheque bounce cas- exist. Many astronomers estimate that
both sensational business success and social sciences, like behavioural eco- Fasal Bima Yojana. To further the role of es. Though the objective is to curb delay we’ll find a life-bearing planet within 25-30
rampant corporate misbehaviour. nomics and psychology. Gender is an the private sector in agriculture, he envis- tactics by unscrupulous drawers of dis- years if we know what to look for. Life
“A toxic culture might be obvious issue that students are particularly inter- aged a “Model Contract Farming Act” that honoured cheques, relatively easy filing could be different from what we are famil-
when you think about Uber,” Professor ested in, according to the Forté would provide statutory backing to a sys- of appeals and obtaining stays on pro- iar with on Earth. Until we have the tech-
Vogus said. “But I’m an old person. Foundation, which works with business tem of farming and marketing in which ceedings, the remedy suggested seems to nology to travel close to the speed of light,
What is this whole ‘bro’ thing?” schools to help more women advance agro-processing/exporting or trading be counterproductive. The amendment we may never know. There may well be life
There were some awkward chuck- At Vanderbilt University’s business into leadership roles. The foundation units enter into a contract with farmers to will allow the court to order interim com- — and intelligent life — beyond our solar
les, and then hands started popping up. school, there are classes on Uber has developed a tool kit for men, with purchase a specified quantity and quali- pensation to those whose cheques have system, but how could we meaningfully
“It’s carrying fraternity culture with you and ‘bro’ culture REUTERS tips like choosing a name such as “ally” ty of one or more agricultural commodi- bounced. However, if the drawer of the communicate with it? The distances are
into adult life,” said one student, Nick or “liaison” to denote a sense of part- ties at a pre-agreed price. The law, it was cheque is acquitted, the court may direct staggeringly large and if we do pick up a
Glennon. Another student, Jonathon Several factors are contributing to nership, or using role-playing scenar- felt, would check the increasing exploita- the payee to repay the amount paid as transmission it is probable that the civili-
Brangan, said, “It’s arrogance mixed these revised syllabuses. Bad behav- ios about sensitive situations, like what tion of farmers by fly-by-night operators interim compensation with interest. This sation responsible, and the planet, are long
with the feeling of invincibility.” iour by big companies has thrust ethics to do if a colleague says, “She only got in the absence of any agency of the state is a bizarre amendment. Instead of set- dead. The universe is just too large and
An MBA education is no longer just back into the news, from Wells Fargo’s the promotion because she’s a woman.” for verification of the credentials/track tling the cases, this adds to further litiga- expanding. Some scientists are of the view
about finance, marketing, accounting creation of fake accounts to sexual Two dozen schools have started record of the sponsoring companies. tion if the payee doesn’t repay the interim that once a civilisation reaches a certain
and economics. As topics like sexual harassment at Fox News to the litany of groups based on the program, including The involvement of private companies compensation resulting in strain on the size and level of development, it may even-
harassment dominate the national con- improprieties at Uber. Some millenni- groups called the Manbassadors, for in mitigating agrarian distress is a welc- justice delivery system. If the objective of tually kill itself off, either through wars
versation and chief executives weigh in als are prioritising social and environ- men committed to gender equity in ome reform to create a more conducive the amendment is in line with the gov- with advanced weapons, pollution and
on the ethical and social issues of the mental responsibility. business, at the business schools at environment for farmers to produce, mar- ernment push to make India a less-cash natural disasters etc. if we are to go by our
day, business schools around the coun- And a new generation of chief exec- Columbia, Dartmouth and Harvard. ket and earn enough. The constitution of economy and remove distress in trade and present civilisation on Earth.
try are hastily reshaping their curricu- utives is speaking out about moral and The goal is “making sure that as men an appropriate and unbiased state agency business, especially in the micro, small H N Ramakrishna Bengaluru
lums with case studies ripped straight political issues in the Trump era. we’re very aware of some of the privi- for registration of contracting firm, record- and medium enterprises sector, the more
from the headlines. “Something has changed,” said Ed leges we’re afforded simply because of ing of agreement, dispute settlement and appropriate recourse should be as follows. Letters can be mailed, faxed or e-mailed to:
At Vanderbilt, there are classes on Soule, a professor at the Georgetown gender,” said Alen Amini, a third-year protecting the interests of farmers and The Centre should implement a stringent The Editor, Business Standard
Nehru House, 4 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg
Uber and “bro” culture. At Stanford, McDonough School of Business. “I student at the Tuck School of Business sponsors of contract farming will help far- system in which cheques are necessarily
New Delhi 110 002
students are studying sexual harass- would be kidding you if I told you there at Dartmouth and a founder of its mers benefit from an agreed price for their accepted. A person dishonouring a cheque Fax: (011) 23720201 · E-mail: letters@bsmail.in
ment in the workplace. And at wasn’t a different vibe in the classroom.” Manbassadors group. produce, besides efficient resource man- should get only one chance, say 14 days, to All letters must have a postal address and telephone
Harvard, the debate encompasses sex- This fall, Professor Soule assigned As previously taboo subjects enter agement and knowledge of production. make amends. Else, there should be a number
ism and free speech. coursework covering sexual harassment the classroom debate, students and pro- However, the sponsor company must be
“There’s a turning point in what’s at Uber, how companies like Amazon fessors are still adjusting. able to plan for the processing, marketing > HAMBONE BY MIKE FLANAGAN
expected from business leaders,” said respond when attacked by Trump and “It can get pretty controversial,” and exports based on agreed quantity and
Leanne Meyer, co-director of a new the social justice protests by NFL play- said Aaron Chatterji, an associate pro- quality of the contractual price. The law
leadership department at the Carnegie ers. “Ethics and values have taken on fessor at the Duke University Fuqua shouldn’t become yet another policy tool
Mellon Tepper School of Business. “Up more significance,”Professor Soule said. School of Business who is starting a for arm-twisting of private players on the
until now, business leaders were large- “It has to do with all of the things going class about activism among chief exec- pretext of upholding farmers’ interest.
ly responsible for delivering products. on in this administration, often things utives. “I’ve never taught a class where Shreyans Jain New Delhi
Now, shareholders are looking to cor- that challenge our understanding of I’ve had students talking about gay
porate leaders to make statements on ethics and leadership.” rights or drug addiction.” Bizarre amendment
what would traditionally have been Professors are reacting to the news,
social justice or moral issues.” but they are also responding to calls © 2017 The New York Times This is with reference to the recent news
about the Union Cabinet approving an
https://t.me/TheHindu_Zone https://t.me/pdf4exams
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OPINION 11
STAY INFORMED THROUGH THE DAY @ WWW.BUSINESS-STANDARD.COM.
R
oland Folger, chief executive of Mercedes-Benz in India, has
create money out of thin air is limited by the bank’s
requested the government to avoid rushing into an era of all- capital and cash. As cash can be borrowed from the
electric vehicles. His statement comes against the backdrop of the central bank, the ultimate constraint on its ability to
government’s resolve to ensure that only electric vehicles are create money is its capital. But it is only because
sold in the country from 2030. In fact, earlier in the year, Union Transport banks take in cash deposits — Keynes’s ‘widow’s
Minister Nitin Gadkari threatened to “bulldoze” the automobile industry’s cruse’— that they can create money.
The whole system also depends upon the gov-
perceived opposition to advancing the date for implementation of electric
ernment preventing the use of interest-bearing gov-
Cash and
vehicles. To a great extent, Mr Gadkari and the government are justified in ernment debt for transactions purposes. For without
the push against conventionally fuelled cars. Pollution in Indian cities such this prohibition the intrinsically worthless fiat cur-
as New Delhi routinely stays at alarming levels. And the surge of diesel- and rency would collapse, leaving a currency 100 per cent
petrol-fuelled cars is fast choking the urban population. The other concern backed by gold or silver as the only alternative. In a
cashless economy the currency would become com-
monetary policy
is the high import bill because of conventional fuels. Moreover, the auto-
pletely electronic, losing — like government bonds
mobile industry is also seen to be habitually uninterested in any move that today — its anonymity. This would make it difficult
places the onus on them to shift to cleaner fuels and engines. for electronic money from being distinguished from
But there are several reasons why Mr Folger’s suggestions need a clos- interest-bearing electronic bonds, and monetary pol-
er look. The central reason for not having a policy that rules out all vehi- icy as we now know it would not be feasible.
cles other than those that run on electricity is that such a decision will fore- If cash remains king, there is still the open question
close other, and possibly better, technological options. A case in point is the
In a cashless economy, it would be difficult to distinguish electronic money from of the nominal anchor in a fiat currency-based mone-
use of hydrogen as fuel. By 2040, the world is expected to be driving home interest-bearing electronic bonds, and monetary policy would not be feasible tary system. The correct answer in my view was given
in the 1970’s by the Nobel laureate James Meade in his
hydrogen cars. In a scenario where hydrogen cars become far more viable
O
ne of the shifting objectives adduced for the bases his case in part on an attack on the illegal econ- Nobel lecture on ‘The Meaning of ‘Internal Balance’”.
than electric vehicles, who will pay for the enormous expenditure of a coun- 2016 demonetisation is to reduce the cash-to- omy, but also argues that it would make it easier to He argued that, external balance in a country's exter-
trywide shift to setting up charging stations and related infrastructure? The GDP (gross domestic product) ratio of the implement negative interest rates when the economy nal payments was best maintained through flexible
point is not just the viability of hydrogen cars or the exact nature of fund- economy. Instead of cash the use of digital means to is in a Keynesian ‘liquidity trap’. In an earlier col- exchange rates, while for internal balance (full employ-
perform the transactions function of umn (“After the Great Fall”, ment and price stability), total money incomes should
ing challenges that a push towards a completely electric fleet of vehicles
money is to be encouraged, as unlike September 2010), I had argued that, as be stabilised through monetary policy. He was advo-
will entail, though it will be substantial since automobile companies will the anonymity of cash these trans- the late Allan Meltzer showed in his cating the targeting of nominal GDP rather than just
have to produce and sell millions of electric vehicles against a few thou- actions leave a trace which the magisterial A History of the Federal inflation in monetary policy — as has become com-
sands at present. The real point is the inbuilt rigidity in India’s policy authorities can monitor. This it is Reserve, this is based on a misunder- monplace around the world since its adoption of infla-
architecture as it rules out any other option. If the trigger towards electric claimed would reduce illegal trans- standing of the transmission mecha- tion targeting by New Zealand in March 1990.
vehicles is high levels of pollution, then, as is the case in cities such as San actions which are largely based on nism of monetary policy, which works This has now been taken up by the Harvard econ-
cash because of its anonymity. But, through changes in broad money omist Jeffrey Frankel, who has pronounced “The
Francisco, the policy should push for zero emissions and leave the rest for
what of the costs to all those who through the ‘real balance’ effect and death of inflation targeting” (VOX, June 19, 2012,
the market to decide. want to make legal cash transactions? not through changes in interest rates. http://voxeu.org). He cites the mistake made by the
Moreover, if pollution is the central concern, the shift to electric vehi- The anonymity of cash in this context The zero bound on interest rates is European Central Bank (ECB) in July 2008 in raising
cles is not necessarily the best option for India. Electric vehicles are a low is part of the case for individual lib- irrelevant to carrying out an expan- interest rates just as the world was sliding into the
pollution option for Belgium, where over half of the electricity is generat- erty. If the state is predatory, then the DEEPAK LAL sionary monetary policy through Great Recession, based on its aim of countering the
ed by nuclear power, and for Beijing, where more efficient gas-fired power anonymity of cash transactions open market operations, as the recent effect of a rise in the oil price on the consumer price
allows the potential prey to at least experience of using QE (quantitative index (CPI). The correct response to this ‘terms of
stations are rapidly replacing old coal-fired ones. But in India, with its lim-
protect part of their ‘property’ from the state’s preda- easing) to deal with the Great Recession has shown. trade’ shock (the rise in the price of its major import)
ited capacity of solar power to meet this demand and the miniscule contri- tion. The argument for giving greater power to the To argue for a cashless economy with its costs in is not to tighten monetary policy but to accommo-
bution of nuclear power in its energy mix, nearly all of the power will have state to regulate the economy, in response to the econ- terms of individual liberty to deal with the paper date the adverse shock. This error prompted by infla-
to come from coal. India is anyway predominantly dependent on highly pol- omy’s attempts to resist and circumvent regulation, is tiger of the Keynesian ‘liquidity trap’ is reprehensible. tion targeting was compounded by its failure to deal
luting coal-based thermal power plants for meeting its electricity needs. As to condone taking steps on Hayek’s The Road to Moreover, as Rogoff citing a 1980’s paper by Neil with asset market bubbles in the US.
the demand for electricity surges with more vehicles running on it, there is Serfdom. Limiting cash transactions will allow the Wallace (American Economic Review 71(3):267-75) recog- Hence there is now a movement in the blogos-
state to control more than just illegal transactions. nises there are various serious problems in conducting phere led by Lars Christensen of The Market
no guarantee that pollution will decline overall. Clearly, while a push
Just as Aadhaar, which was supposed to be only used monetary policy in a cashless economy. The govern- Monetarist website advocating nominal GDP target-
towards cleaner fuel is an unexceptionable goal, India’s policy framework for receiving welfare payments, has been gradually ment monopoly in issuing a non-interest-bearing fiat ing. I have much sympathy with their programme,
should leave room for other solutions. expanded to include bank transactions and mobile currency has various consequences. The first is that it and certainly given the continuing complaints about
telephony, a wholesale switch from cash to digital allows the government to gain ‘seigniorage’: The large the neglect of growth in the Reserve Bank of India’s
transactions is the path to the surveillance state which profits the government earns from its monopoly on (RBI) conduct of monetary policy, it may informally
The gaushala ‘manual’ is being established in China, but which must be resis-
ted by every means in a constitutionally liberal India.
The chief academic proponent of a cashless econ-
paper money which costs nothing to print, but can be
spent to acquire real resources at its face value. These
will be lost to a fiscally constrained government.
seek to adopt nominal GDP targeting (as the Chinese
central bank has been reported to have done), but
keep its inflation target to anchor inflation expecta-
Management of cow shelters needs to be improved omy is the highly respected Harvard economist The second is that, the distinction between clear- tions. It should not, however, have any truck with the
Kenneth Rogoff. In his book The Curse of Cash he ing banks and non-bank financial intermediaries is political desire to create a cashless economy.
U
nion Minister for Women and Child Development Maneka Gandhi
has reportedly written a “manual” for cow shelters or gaushalas. Ms
Gandhi has put in this effort, not as a minister — cow protection
is not one of her ministerial responsibilities — but, presumably, as
a concerned citizen, animal-rights activist and senior member of the Bharatiya
Janata Party (BJP), which, of course, has increasingly come to be politically
identified with the cause of cow welfare. Given that the BJP is by far India’s
After 2G verdict, an autopsy of failures
dominant political party, and thus cow welfare has become a major policy pri-
A
fter the Supreme Court’s (SC) decision of Telecommunications and the Telecom Regulatory Section 377 evinced public outrage – would an elected
ority, it is worth taking Ms Gandhi’s “manual” seriously as a method of iden- February 2012 (cancelling all licences), one Authority of India (Trai) could not have been unaware government have been able to pronounce that as pub-
tifying how and where such policies are working or not working. would have thought that the judgment in the of industry realities, the scarcity of spectrum and the lic policy? Maybe courts could benefit by drawing on
“2G case” was a foregone conclusion. Not so. The “pros- rent-seeking on licences. The then minister justified expertise within and outside the executive.
Ms Gandhi is right in pointing out that, under the cover of religious duty,
ecution failed miserably” in establishing its case. issuing licences on the ground that more entrants Judicial proceedings in matters pertaining to tech-
many controllers of cow shelters are running them as “semi-dairies”. It has The political aftermath will reverberate up to 2019. would promote competition. Wrong. An economics nologically complex industries (and similar sectors)
been now generally understood that many shelters make a tidy profit from Political victimisation, trumped-up charges, fictional graduate will tell you that in a capital-intensive indus- need to be much better informed, especially so for
the sale of milk or milk products, and — as Ms Gandhi complains — segre- “presumptive losses”, the credibility of the then try there is a theoretical optimal number of firms. It is economically regulated industries. In the US (and else-
gate the productive animals from those that are no longer commercially use- Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG), vin- common knowledge that, the world over, the telecom where), courts and regulators routinely rely on depo-
ful. The latter are at best given less care and, sadly, too often essentially dication of the UPA’s public policy stance, and the mis- industry in a country comprises 2-3 firms. Moreover, sitions of professionals — economists, engineers, pub-
chievous role of the “Opposition” (the Bharatiya Janata we had the lowest tariffs in the world. The genesis of the lic interest advocates, and public policy experts — to
starved. The minister also makes the telling point that, while many of these
Party, BJP) will be recurrent themes. minister’s decision: Departmental silence and Trai’s better appreciate the context of a decision. And, judges
gaushalas might have a temple on the premises supposedly to venerate But, politics aside, the case throws up more gener- recommendations of August 2007 that there should be can better appreciate the nuances of a decision that is
cows, these rarely translate such veneration into actual treatment by, for al issues relating to institutional fail- no restriction on the entry of firms in under review if their understanding is enriched. Our
example, also having a shed where sick cows can be treated. The increasingly ures, public policy and judicial pro- the industry. Even with caveats, how courts have quite some way to go before they institu-
appalling treatment of past-their-prime bovines is a reflection of strict cow ceedings. could an expert body make such a tionalise such professional witnesses. But that is the
slaughter laws and, now, vigilante violence against cow traders, which Four institutional failures are recommendation? direction for the future, especially when strong public
striking. Ministerial conduct (in This is one of a string of cases policy interests are at stake.
receives the support of fringe elements. In this climate of fear, even the legal
states and at the Centre) in brazen where the investigating agency has The tragedy is that a vital industry is paying the
cattle trade cannot be carried out and so many superannuated cows are left disregard of propriety, impartiality been found wanting. It is time to price for numerous failures. Shouldn’t we have halted
to die or be starved in unscrupulous gaushalas. This has led to the paradox- and fairness is now commonplace. take a hard look at how it functions. the issue of licences when competition was evident?
ical situation that in a country where many do, in fact, revere the cow, and And without nemesis. When courts Modern economic crime needs mul- Was administrative allocation (provided it was fairly
in many parts of which cow slaughter is banned, the animal itself has a far don’t let them off, they use the law to tiple-disciplines (like the Serious done) fundamentally flawed? Would our telecom sec-
less comfortable and more unhygienic life than in other parts of the world. drag out the judicial process. Fraud Office). Is it too police-domi- tor have had a completely different growth path if
Second, our bureaucracy has nated? The Federal Bureau of indebtedness were lower? Would our banks have had
This is in spite of apparent support to the cause by actions such as the
been emasculated, some of it sub- RAHUL KHULLAR Investigation (FBI) has multiple dis- non-performing assets (NPAs) in the sector had our pol-
appointment last week of the founder of a prominent Haryana cow shelter orned — by the politicians. The out- ciplines and is headed by a civilian, icy been different?
as head of the Animal Welfare Board, which comes under the Union envi- comes: Silence when we need voice; not a career police officer; it does a The agenda for action is clear. The SC’s decision to
ronment ministry. abject surrender to unreasonable political commands; pretty good job. Finally, how best do we insulate it speed up proceedings against politicians is a welcome
While many of these cow shelters are run by private trusts, others depend self-preservation by passing the buck or evading a from political pressures? first step. But, legal proceedings aside, ministers must
on obvious or covert forms of government assistance. As with all public funds, decision; and, active complicity. For those not sub- The courts have waded into the public policy arena be bound by a code of conduct; can Parliament devise
orned, indecision is a rational response: There is no pre- because of executive inaction, alleged malfeasance a way to enforce compliance? Restoring civil service
it would be best if such support was transparent and spent on properly regu-
mium on decision-making and the risk of a stiff penal- and public interest litigation. This is a tricky territory. voice and morale is now an imperative. We (India)
lated shelters. The mismanagement of even government-run shelters is visi- ty (including incarceration) for taking a decision. And, Public policy is about multiple objectives, competing cannot afford indecision and voice is essential to pre-
ble in the effect on outcomes of handing over one shelter in Jaipur to a non- an officer not toeing the line can be “fixed” by a venge- interests, and trade-offs. There is no absolutely correct vent misadventures; leaving decisions to “bosses” can
governmental organisation: The number of daily cattle deaths at the shelter ful government. Worse yet, excessive centralisation stance and elected governments are responsible to be very costly. Regulatory institutions must be truly
came down from 90 to 30, and milk production jumped from 150 to 2,400 litres (as in the BJP government) has provided a perfect their constituents (through Parliament) for public pol- independent to command respect; kowtowing to the
a day. Ms Gandhi’s effort to outline ideal regulations should perhaps be seen excuse for indecision; the “bosses” will decide. icy. A senior lawyer friend tells me that the binary government is not fair to the public. Lastly, in public
Regulatory agencies, both within and outside the nature of judicial proceedings (guilty vs not guilty, policy matters and all fields of economic regulation, the
in this light. The manual has detailed suggestions on how to construct an ani-
government, have failed us. Examples abound: Safety constitutional vs unconstitutional) is not well suited to quality of judicial rulings can be vastly improved if
mal shelter, the kind of food to be served, protocols of rescue and even disposal in hospitals (fires), the Directorate General of Civil public policy analysis. Examples: The SC ruling on the courts turn to experts for deposition and advice.
of carcasses. The relevant ministries at the central and state levels should look Aviation (DGCA) and unqualified pilots, the Medical sale of liquor along National Highways went through As a country can we get our act together?
hard at appropriate policies and rules. Council of India, rail safety and accidents, etc. In the several mutations; the burning of paddy stubble invit-
instant case, the Wireless Planning & Coordination ed the National Green Tribunal’s (NGT) intervention, The writer is former chairman, Telecom Regulatory
(WPC) and licensing arm within the Department of but no solution was found; the SC’s 2013 judgment on Authority of India
14 THE ECONOMIC TIMES The Edit Page THE ECONOMIC TIMES | NEW DELHI / GURGAON | WEDNESDAY | 27 DECEMBER 2017
Planned Towns for CURSOR The Bill enhances security of the financial system, via tidy resolution of the bad bits
Public Transport
Town planning is the key to energy conservation
Prime Minister Narendra Modi did well to commend
Worry Not Over FRDI Bill of liabilities of a specified service pro-
vider, which may be subject to bail-in;
public over private transport. It has the potential to sig- (5) The appropriate regulator may, in
nificantly reduce demand for petroleum products, speed-
ily drive down crude oil imports, and lead to a host of re-
consultation with the Corporation,
require specified service providers Call it Loving
or classes of specified service provi-
lated benefits like reduced pollution and better traffic
flows going forward. It would also improve the trade bal-
ders to maintain liabilities that may
be subject to bail-in and the terms
Detachment
and conditions for such liabilities to
ance, boost public health and help India meet its climate T K Arun contain a provision to the effect that
SEEMA BURMAN
goals as well. However, public transport works best as such liabilities are subject to bail-in.” Sage Vasishta advises the young
part of integrated urban planning. ocial media is hysterically Unless the Corporation specifies Prince Rama that to rid oneself
S worried about the Financial bank deposits as a class of liability of desires, the mind needs to un-
FILE PHOTO
Far too often, investments in public transportation sys-
Resolution and Deposit In- that could be bailed in, deposits are dergo training. Only when the
tems are carried out more as an afterthought, to simply surance (FRDI) Bill under safe. Section (5) makes it clear that mind has practised to be unsha-
try and cope with ever-burgeoning demand for commut- Parliament’s consideration: the essential aim is to make financial ken in adversity, not yielding to
ing and transport. It results in haphazard transport plan- bank deposits are at risk, depositors’ firms hold designated liabilities — No need to go hammer and tongs pleasures, can one master one’s
money would be used to recapitalise deposits, bonds, preferential shares mind. He explains that one
ning, which, in turn, misallocates resources and overbur- banks in difficulty. The Bill does not — that are explicitly subject to bail- that make it clear that they are liable le problems in financial firms, if must shed the ego, the feeling
dens the system. As India grows fast, with industry and quite propose this, and it can be en- in, in case of trouble. to be bailed in, in extreme circumst- they do arise. that ‘I did this’ or ‘I did that’, and
service growing much faster than farm output, more and sured that depositors’ money is not However, the Bill does not specifi- ances, and a capital buffer built up, The problem is not with the FRDI realise that it is the Supreme
used for the purpose, using the provi- cally exclude bank deposits. Section on the lines of the capital buffer that Bill. The problem is that we do not ha- that is functioning through the
more people will migrate to towns — some 25 crore peo- sions of the Bill themselves. 7 of the same Clause 52 excludes de- systemically important banks are ve reform of banking procedures to body; that one cannot lift a limb
ple, if half of India becomes urban over the next 15-20 ye- The Bill seeks to prevent a fire in a posits covered by deposit insurance required to, as per the recommendati- minimise the risk of their taking bad without this power.
ars. They have to be accommodated in tiny part of the integrated financial from bail-in, suggesting the possibi- ons of the Financial Stability Board, decisions that might land them in That is why we need to perform
system from flaring into a conflagra- lity that deposits in excess of the in- a key component of the global finan- crisis and in the arms of the Resolut- duties without attachment, ego
new towns: existing towns cannot ab- tion that burns up the entire system. sured amount could be bailed in. cial architecture. ion Corporation. or desires. Then it leads to spir-
sorb such huge numbers. These new Orderly resolution of the bits that Section 7 says, “(t)he bail-in instru- Of course, there is a cost to creating Banking decisions should not be itual evolution. Ramakrishna
towns must be planned to minimise get into trouble is what the Resoluti- ment or scheme under this section and maintaining large capital buf- based on whispered advice from mi- Paramhansa said, “Surrender
on Corporation proposed under the shall not affect… (h) such other liabi- fers. But safety has a price. nisters and babus, or commissions everything to God. Then there
commutes and use public transport Bill would do. lities as may be specified by regulati- for managers, but on creditworthi- will be no more confusion. Then
for such commutes cannot be averted. ons made by the appropriate regula- Bad Banking Untouched ness of the projects seeking loans. you will realise that it is God
Additional Capital Buffers tor in consultation with the Corpora- Let us understand that what the FRDI Project viability should be scrutini- who does everything.” He adv-
Common payment means for bus, tra-
Social media did not cook up the sto- tion and the Central Government.” Bill proposes is to enhance the deg- sed not just by a clutch of bankers at ised devotees to turn the mind
in, taxi and shared bike rides would ry of bank deposits being used to sal- Parliament could make the present ree of security ordinary people’s sav- the time of sanction but continuous- away from attachments and
encourage multimodal public transport. Dense, vertical vage a bank in trouble. In the 2012-13 section (h) section (i), and introduce ings have at present, not take away ly over the life of the project, by mul- towards the Divine.
towns with mixed land use would put residences, work, banking crisis in Cyprus, bail-in of a a new section (h) that specifically ex- from it. Deposit insurance covers on- tiple agencies, as would happen if Even a minor desire can lead
proportion of bank deposits over a cludes bank deposits. ly .̀ 1 lakh. Deposits in public sector the bond market were to fund long- to major destruction. People at-
education, healthcare and entertainment spaces within threshold did take place: deposits Cyprus resorted to bail-in during banks enjoy the implicit guarantee term projects. tach themselves to people, pla-
close proximity to one another, and build in large play- over a threshold saw a portion being a financial crisis. India is enacting a that the sovereign would not let the Bankers’ remuneration must be so ces or objects; it becomes their
converted into equity that went to ab- law to prevent crises and can ask people down. structured as to align their personal very reason to live. Being detach-
grounds and green spaces as well. The way ahead is to
sorb bank losses. But this is not what banks to build up loss-absorbing ca- With what assurance do people and banking interests. It must be lib- ed is understood as becoming
plan and invest in metro rail systems in such urban cen- the FRDI Bill proposes. pacity apart from the capital that is put their money in private banks? eral, but tiered: a decent fixed compo- indifferent. That is not detach-
tres, and also provide efficient feeder bus services for se- This is what the Bill says: Clause 52 now counted towards capital adequ- There is the trust that sound regula- nent, a larger chunk linked to medi- ment. Explaining the true mean-
(4) “(t)he Corporation shall, by regula- acy in relation to risk-weighted as- tion by the RBI would keep deposits um-term performance of the bank ing of Krishna’s detachment,
amless multimodal transport.
tions, specify the liabilities or classes sets. Special bonds could be issued safe. Yet, this trust is not absolute. In and the largest chunk linked to long- Swami Ranganathananda says
Planning must provide for energy-efficient personal 2008, the government had to come term performance, the variable por- that the capacity to detach one-
transport for segments that cannot be catered to by tra- out with a clarification to prevent a tions also being subject to clawback. self from the sensory system is
run on ICICI Bank, following a rumo- These reforms are not part of the present in humans alone. Such
ins and buses. Shared vehicles bring down energy con- One must also worry about improving the structure ur. The stake the sovereign has in ma- resolution procedure but are vital, to people are able to love all.
sumption. Electric cars and bikes can be shared using a intaining the stability of large banks avert the need for resolution. The mind is the only instru-
and functioning of banking, to prevent the need to is not diluted by the FRDI Bill. It just ment with which we can deal
combination of geotagging and phone-based activation/
aggregation. This, of course, will call for proactive poli-
resolve failed financial firms in the first place gives the sovereign a tidy way to tack- tk.arun@timesgroup.com with the world or spiritual life.
So, the mind must be kept pure,
cy for ubiquitous broadband access. fresh and strong. One can dev-
elop tremendous detachment
MEME’S THE WORD and yet have concern for the
welfare and happiness of all —
How to Regulate How much did disasters cost us in 2017? According to preliminary
Swiss Re estimates, total global economic losses from natural
catastrophes and man-made disasters are estimated to be $306
nt that makes us apathetic and
unconcerned towards others.
re to the same rules and regulations as taxi companies. Uber as desired. In the absence of de-
100 velopment finance institutions
has consistently claimed that it is a digital marketplace con- (DFIs), banks are overburdened
50
necting drivers, mostly non-professionals, with riders. This with industrial funding for wh-
has meant that Uber has till now had a li- 0 ich they don’t possess the exp-
1994 2001 2008 2017
ghter regulatory burden. The court ruled ertise. The government should
revive DFIs, push innovative
that Uber, which provides a paid service products, make debt funds for
of connecting by means of a smartphone retailers mandatory by NBFCs,
non-professional drivers using their own and relax interest rates. Sepa-
vehicle with riders, is in the business of INNOVATION INDIA Citings rating banking and developme-
nt functions will make sense.
providing transportation. Therefore, as a
cant. So far, Vaishya has not yet revealed whether the books
th spurt. Its inclusive-growth economy ve and efficient manner. ings are fantastic. Indore
he read for the degree have given him any clues or clarity on
has resulted in major improvements in
that issue but if they have, he should forthwith offer his in- universal healthcare, education and The writer is chief technology officer, Sam- From “Why AI Could be Entering
Letters to the editor may be addressed to
sights to chief minister Nitish Kumar. other benefits for its citizens, leading You don’t even have to invent the wheel sung R&D Institute, India, Bengaluru a Golden Age” editet@timesgroup.com
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Waterthat’s India must leverage its assets more
notfittodrink New Delhi must be careful to not let Beijing
dictate the contours of its neighbourhood policy
record. This is a governance issue but it is
unlikelythatsystemicchangewillovercome
this in the foreseeable future.
Indiahasalargeandexpandingmarketand
regional trade enjoys the advantage of prox-
I
behindwhichitcanpursueevenmorehostile movement of goods and peoples across bor-
n a reply to a question in the Lok Sabha, the Union min- policiestowardsIndia,includingcross-border ders.Despitethisbeinganobviousandurgent
istry of water resources said 239 million people across terrorism.InNepal,China hasactivelyinter- requirement there has been very slow
vened in domestic politics to enable a China- progress.Furthermore,Indiaisthekeytran-
I
153 districts in 21 states drink water that contains high ndia’semergenceasagreatregionaland friendly government to take power. This, in sit country for virtually all subcontinental
levels of arsenic. That’s around a fifth of the country’s globalpowerispredicatedonhoweffec- turn, will hasten infrastructure and connec- trade.Ifithastoemergeasthetransportnode
tivelyitmanagesitsownperiphery.Ifits tivitylinksacrosstheTibet-Nepalborder.The for the region, it must aspire to become the
population, and by any standards, that’s an appalling neighbours are afflicted with turmoil, erstwhileforbiddingHimalayanfortresshas most efficient, cost effective and convenient
statistic. The actual number theseinevitablyspillacrossIndia’sbor- been breached at multiple locations. We are transportcorridor,openingupits highways,
could be higher. India pegs arsenic ourtake ders demanding both political attention and
resources.Ifanothermajorpower,inimicalto
India’s interests, entrenches itself in any
aware of the Hambantota saga in Sri Lanka
and the leasing of an entire atoll to Chinese
interests by the Maldives. Both island coun-
n Prime Minister Narendra Modi with
Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina HT PHOTO
railways,waterwaysandportstoallitsneigh-
bours.Asuccessfulstrategymustrestonlev-
eraging the very scale and dynamism of its
concentrations above 50 parts per bil-
neighbouringstate,thenIndiawillinevitably tries are critical to Indo-Pacific security but economy to become the economic and com-
lion as harmful; in the US, it is 10 parts per billion. Arsenic is become preoccupied with coping with the are drifting closer to China. Both are also ousandhigh-levelpoliticalengagementwith mercial partner of choice for its neighbours.
threat.Inthesecircumstances,anexpansive negotiatingfreetradeagreementswithChina, each of our neighbours. We may need to Everyneighbourwillbetemptedtousethe
one of the 10 chemicals classified as a public health concern by foreign policy, such as articulated through evenwhileSriLankaresistsaComprehensive appointseveralspecialenvoys,perhapsatthe so-calledChinesecardtoextractconcessions
the WHO; it slowly poisons the body, potentially causing skin Act East, Development Partnership with Economic Partnership with India. ministerofstateleveltoremainengagedwith from India. India should not fall victim to a
Africa or the more recent Quadrilateral Bangladesh,too,isbeingtemptedbygener- notonlythepoliticalleadershipbutalsowith fearoflosinggroundtoChina.Wemustnotlet
lesions, damage to the peripheral nerves, gastrointestinal ail- among India-Japan-Australia and U.S., will ous Chinese offers for infrastructural devel- opinion makers and civil society in neigh- China dictate the contours of our neighbour-
ments, diabetes, renal (kidney)failure, cardiovascular disease, suffer from the constant pulls and pressures opment. More recently, it was China which bouring countries. A high-level empowered hood policy. India can leverage assets in the
within India’s own neighbourhood. India’s brokeredanagreementontheRohingyaissue committee, led by the ministry of external subcontinent that are unmatched. A long-
and cancer. At least half the people who were known to be at economicresourcesanddiplomaticfirepower between Myanmar and Bangladesh, a good- affairs, should be authorised to consider and termapproachwillentailacarefulaccounting
risk of arsenic contamination live in the Ganga-Brahmaputra are limited. The challenge in 2018 will be to offices role that should naturally have been implementtheirrecommendations.Thedivi- of these assets as well as our vulnerabilities,
balance the demands of the neighbourhood India’s. And in Bhutan, the Doklam incident sions in the ministry of external affairs and includingpolicyshortcomingswhichmustbe
basins of Bangladesh and India. Groundwater is also used for againstthecompulsionsofaglobalrole.Stra- brought on apprehensions of the country the diplomatic missions for the neighbour- overcome. There will be crises which may
tegic thinking requires a careful assessment beingdrawnintoanIndia-Chinaconflict.This hood will need to be significantly strength- needswiftandevenunpleasantresponsesbut
irrigation. This means arsenic poisoning affects not just the
of where the focus must lie currently. isthelandscapewhichwilltestIndianpolicy- enedinordertosupporttheexpandedlevelof the larger picture should never fall through
people of the area but also those who consume the produce of Overthepastdecadeasignificantasymme- makers in the coming year. engagement. Delays in execution of commit- the cracks of tactical compulsions.
try of power has emerged between India and In 2018,we must translate the rhetoric of ments made to neighbours has been a peren- Shyam Saran is former foreign secretary
the affected region. In food, rice has the highest sensitivity to China. This has translated into a much more accordingprioritytotheneighbourhoodinto nialshortcoming.India’scredibilitysuffersas and senior fellow, Centre for Policy Research
arsenic followed by vegetables. In most arsenic-affected states active and interventionist Chinese role in sustained practice. There has to be continu- aresult,particularlyincomparisontoChina’s The views expressed are personal
rice is the staple.
Despite the crisis, groundwater contamination , either by
arsenic or other pollutants such as fluorides, does not get the
attention it deserves, especially when compared to surface
G U L LY F I E L D E R S
The Sabang bypoll shows
water contamination because the latter is visible. Moreover,
there is no law yet to check groundwater withdrawal. This
chinks in BJP’s armour
severe environmental-health crisis has to be contained quickly The saffron party’s machinery is yet to gain the muscle
before it can expand. Along with periodic testing of water in
affected areas and individualised testing of each hand pump or
necessary to wrest seats from the Trinamool Congress
Shah famously does – has failed to take off
tubewell (marking it as safe/unsafe), it is important to encour- AVIJIT in the state. This is precisely the challenge
age people to opt for low-cost, local solutions such as rainwater GHOSAL for Mukul Roy. BJP leaders expect him to
poach from the Trinamool pool and build
harvesting that can ensure clean drinking water. booth-level machinery to establish a net-
States such as Bihar have set up filtration units but the work among the electorate and deliver on
polling day.
maintenance of filters is a problem.This needs to be addressed. Roy is also expected to reach out to dis-
gruntled Trinamool leaders, MLAs and
Additionally, governments have to curb the use of groundwa-
F
or a woman who single-handedly MPs. But a lot of it will also depend on how
ter and keep a strict control on agricultural and industrial efflu- destroyed the 34-year-old Left gov- the party fares beyond the borders of the
ernment in Bengal, and predicted state. The BJP has a vast machinery that
ents that pollute aquifers that recharge groundwater. this destruction, reading political is ruling at the Centre and 19 states, the
n A game of street cricket in Kolkata during the ICC World T20, 2016 HINDUSTAN TIMES signals should be one of Mamata Baner- Prime Minister has a very strong image
jee’s core competencies. The Gujarat elec- and Amit Shah has the reputation of being
tion results may not be exactly what she a master strategist.
§
Why the Right to Play can would have wanted for Christmas, but
Banerjee is quite satisfied with the Bharat-
Trinamool leaders point out that the
party’s popularity graph might have pla-
as well as its lifeline Governments should create enabling conditions for sports
For the BJP in Bengal, 2018 is going to be
an extremely crucial year, as the saffron
party will lead a desperate thrust to build
Roy, his former colleagues contend, is a
paper tiger, whose mettle has never been
tested since he has always functioned in
I
n the 15 years since it’s inauguration in December 2002, the UPADHYAY also for corporate, private and non-govern- Shah now wants seats, and the test is only 18%, his party came a distant third behind
mental entities. I have realised that sports is four-five months away when the pancha- the TMC and CPI(M).
Delhi Metro has become an everyday part of the Delhiite’s one of the most potent instruments to create yat polls will be held. Over the past few months, BJP leaders
life. As it winds its way around the elevated corridors and an egalitarian society by inculcating a sense The party machinery is, however, light have indicated that the Narada investiga-
of self-worth and fair play. It also helps inte- years away from gaining the muscle that tion will pick up pace after the Gujarat
deep tunnels of the city, the ways in which it has changed life grate the underprivileged with the main- is necessary to wrest seats from the Trina- polls. Some have said action on Narada –
around it are not immediately evident. In a city notorious for its stream by providing them with an inclusive mool Congress that has 211 seats in a house read arrests – should be timed in such a
W
e live in an age of glorious con- forum, in the process developing their confi- of 294. Despite its vote share rising from 6% way that its effect is maximised before the
aggression, the metro gave women a chance to stay out late — at tradictions. Well into the 21st dence, talent, even leadership skills. in 2009 to 16.8% in 2014 (both Lok Sabha 2019 Lok Sabha elections. With as many as
century, millions of children are In the last few years, despite being com- elections), the BJP has only three Assem- a dozen prominent faces of the TMC facing
least as late as the metro timings allowed. Special women’s com-
denied the right to play. Sport is mitted to a globalised world, many leading bly and two Lok Sabha seats. In 2019 it charges of accepting cash, the arrests may
partments in every train have added to the feeling of being in a the best way to constructively channelise the democracies have sought more protection wants 22 out of the 44 Lok Sabha seats in severely tarnish Banerjee’s image of
enormous energy in children. Play prepares and restricted the movement of people across the state. being ‘clean’ and ‘incorruptible’.
‘safe’ space, even if incidents of theft are rising. Parts of central them to be better citizens. Little wonder then borders. With protectionism becoming popu- There are about 77,000 booths in Bengal But then, the BJP will also face ques-
Delhi have witnessed an urban renewal that would not have that cricket legend Sachin Tendulkar wants lar, identity considerations and radicalism and the BJP plans to set up a 10-member tions about Roy since he is one of the
the Right of Children to Free and Compul- have become stronger. In a fractured society, committee to secure each booth on polling accused in the Narada scam.
been possible without the metro. And some far-flung suburbs sory Education bill to be amended to include the Right to Play can act as the social glue. day. It also wants to appoint a leader as a Banerjee herself describes the BJP as
have seen the kind of development that would have been incon- the Right to Play. History has lessons for us here. The commu- nodal person in each of the 294 Assembly embodying a culture that is alien to Ben-
Children should play and the rest of us nists for long thought the Olympics were a constituencies. The progress on each gal. Last week senior BJP leader Shiv Pra-
ceivable without the network effect. should ensure that their right to play is real- capitalist conspiracy till they started partici- parameter is nowhere close to target. The kash told Bengal BJP leaders in a seminar
The metro taught Delhiites how public transport can save ised. This is especially relevant in a young pating in them. It was sports that kept the vistarak yojana, where BJP leaders are that unless they can win the support of
country such as India where more than half world together in the Cold War era . supposed to visit households and have Bengali intellectuals, they should not nur-
time and make travelling less arduous. Many who swore by their of the country’s 1.25 billion population is Governments and various other stake- meals with the family members – as Amit ture illusions of taking a shot at power in
below the age of 25 and more than two-thirds, holders in society should come together and the state.
own vehicles have embraced the idea of travelling by the metro.
below 35. But our demographic dividend does make the Right to Play a reality. Govern- During its 34-year old rule, the Left
A parallel ecosystem of hawkers, vendors, and rickshaws that not necessarily translate into India being a ments should encourage sports by creating IF THE BYPOLL RESULTS ARE ANY enjoyed the support of the state’s acade-
have mushroomed around stations have given the city a more
healthy country. We have one of the highest enabling conditions, and by improving pub- INDICATION, MUKUL ROY HAS A mia, poets, writers, theatre workers and
levels of malnutrition in the world and the lic health and education infrastructure at the artists. Before the parivartan in 2011,
dynamic sense of movement, even after it gets dark. The net- lowest public health expenditure, around 1.5 grassroots. They should take ownership of
NEARIMPOSSIBLE JOB ON intellectuals took to the streets urging peo-
work that connects about 180 stations in and around the city has
% of the GDP. A sporting society is a healthy the cause — the right to play— but not own HAND. THOUGH THE BJP’S VOTE ple to throw out the Left. Their support
society. We, at the moment, though a young
nation, are not particularly robust. This is
and run sports. We all have to play our part.
Siddhartha Upadhyay is founder and general
SHARE CLIMBED, HIS PARTY swung the vote in favour of Mamata
Banerjee.
made it easier to visit far-off places, and even made famous pla-
illustrated by the fact that apart from being secretary of the nonprofit STAIRS and member, CAME A DISTANT THIRD BEHIND So far, the BJP has drawn a near blank
ces (that are also famously congested) such as Chandni Chowk the global diabetes hotspot, we are the third
most obese nation in the world.
governing council, Sports Authority of India
The views expressed are personal
THE TMC AND THE CPI(M) on this count.
avijit.ghosal@hindustantimes.com
easier to visit. It is also the first railway project in the world to n
metro remains the pride and joy of the residents of Delhi -- and YOU FROM PROGRESSING seen the slanderous letters. To this, Bapu
replied, “Yes I did. I retained what was
actions. Clinging on to the same chapter of
a book prevents one from proceeding to the
special moments that are yet to come.”
(Inner Voice comprises contributions from
the envy of the residents of every other Indian city. TO A BRIGHT FUTURE worthwhile.”
The Mahatma further explained that a
next.
Letting go is hard, but worth learning.
our readers.)
The views expressed are personal
progressive person does not ruin his Moreover, defeat or failure is never final. n Innervoice@hindustantimes.com
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MANAGING EDITOR: SOUMYA BHATTACHARYA
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The human bait in Pakistan Israel. On the basis that enemy's enemy
O
N the face of it, Donald is a friend, Saudi Arabia and other Sun-
Trump’s stunt recognising ni states have found a common cause
Jadhav case must be depoliticised Jerusalem as Israel’s capital with Tel Aviv which also regards Iran as
isn't doing very well as was its principal enemy because of its sup-
T
HE fate of Kulbhushan Jadhav, the death row prisoner in evident at the UN where despite his port for Hamas and Hezbollah. It's also
Islamabad, has become the subject of a fierce contest between administration's bullying tactics the well known that Trump is working
India and Pakistan. Pakistan’s Deep State has hit back after general assembly overwhelmingly vot- closely with the Saudis to kick-start the
suffering a reverse: the International Court of Justice directed Pak- ed for a resolution condemning his peace process, and his son-in-law Jared
istan not to carry out the death penalty till India’s appeal was dis- decision and declaring it “null and Kushner, a Jew, is engaged in heavy lob-
posed of. It has used Jadhav as bait to stir passions in India, and has void”. Only a handful of small nations, bying through the Saudi Crown Prince
nearly succeeded. It arm-twisted a disinclined India — which suspect- cowed by his threat to cut aid if they Mohammed Bin Salman. There have
ed precisely such a trap — to permit Jadhav’s wife and mother to trav- supported the resolution, reluctantly been persistent media reports that after
el to Islamabad. Once there, Pakistan’s officials were demonstrative- voted against it. Still, the final tally (128 a recent meeting between the two,
ly brusque and discourteous to the two ladies. The message to for, only nine against and 35 absten- Salman summoned Mahmoud Abbas
street-corner rabble-rousers in India has gone home. tions) was big enough to send Trump and showed him a plan that, according
The Jadhav case is cause célèbre in India now. Pakistan’s securi- into an apoplectic rage. America, he to The New York Times, was so heavily
roared, would not forget who voted tilted in favour of Israel that "no Pales-
ty establishment has been tormented and has longed to even the
against it — and in due course they tinian leader could ever accept" it.
score ever since South Block, including PM Modi from the Red Fort,
would be punished. ONE FOR NOW: The Palestinian cause still holds good; but perhaps not for long. Under it, a future Palestinian state
publicly introduced Balochistan into the palette of Indo-Pak contes- “We will remember it when so many would be a patchwork of "non-contigu-
tations. The government’s incessant talking up of the surgical strikes countries come calling on us...to pay tion of territory by force”, and unilateral- managed to put on a public show of ous part of the West Bank and only lim-
and the competition over Afghanistan, coupled with its grievances even more. This vote will be remem- ly altering the status of Jerusalem. unity must rate as some sort of an ited sovereignty over their own territo-
over the Uri and Pathankot strikes, have led to a diplomatic cul de sac. bered,” said America’s UN envoy The question for Palestinian leaders achievement. All sounded suitably out- ry". Most of the illegal Israeli
Rawalpindi can now be depended upon to constantly bring into play Nikki Haley echoing him. and the larger Arab world is: where do raged calling the American move a settlements would stay; the Palestinians
the Jadhav case to counter Indian pressure to address the “safe India’s support for the resolution will they go from here? So far, there’s little threat to regional peace and stability. would not have East Jerusalem as their
havens” issue as well as ensure continuing hostility. have particularly angered Trump com- evidence that they have a clear plan to Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas capital; and no right of return for Pales-
Though South Block has contrived to write off other choices of ing as it did barely hours after he had follow up their UN triumph apart from a was particularly vocal declaring, in tinian refugees. And to add insult to
resolving the Jadhav case by insisting on dialogue only on its terms showered praise on it hailing it as a lot of fighting talk and loud thinking. what's regarded as his strongest state- injury, Abbas was reportedly told that if
— its Ambassador was reduced to the ranks of spectators when the “leading global power” and singling it Macbeth’s famous line about “sound ment yet, that Washington had forfeit- he didn't sign on the dotted lines he
mulakat took place. Yet, India cannot allow the destiny of its citizen out for a special relationship. He would and fury signifying nothing” applies per- ed any role in the peace process. "While would be replaced by a more obliging
have expected India to return the fectly to the sound and fury coming out we engaged with them in the peace leader. Abbas was said to be "alarmed
to be held hostage to cat-and-mouse inter-state rivalry. The Modi gov-
favour; instead he got a snub. One can of Arab capitals. For all the apparent process for the sake of a deal, they and visibly upset".
ernment holds a contrastive notion of civil society and has conscious-
imagine him growling: “Nasty Indians! indignation, two weeks after Trump’s delivered a slap. We will no longer But Dr Wael Albattrekhi insisted that
ly shrunk its space. In the absence of alternative tools at its disposal, Bloody Ingrates!! Very Bad!!!” Delhi had despite “our internal problems the
New Delhi needs to explore the alternative of mediation by civil social better watch out. The Palestinians were, Palestinian cause is still supreme”.
institutions. Sarabjit was let off the death row because of the exer- of, course delighted that after a disap-
The OIC has condemned the Jerusalem move, declaring it would no “Together, we’re going to ramp up pres-
tions of an Aziz Burney-led civil society and the much-belaboured pointingly muted initial reaction India longer accept America as a player in the peace process. But there is sure by seeking full UN membership,
human rights wallahs in Pakistan. This option need not be consid- finally came good. Palestinian diplo- and joining scores of international insti-
ered an incongruity but an independent supplement of the state’s mats in Delhi lobbied hard after a meet- no hint of any concrete strategy. The fact that only 20 of the 57 tutions in the coming months, among
efforts to rescue Jadhav. ing with MJ Akbar, Minister of State for heads of state attended the Istanbul summit, says it all. other things.” If history, however, is any
External Affairs, left them unsure of . guide, the fightback will end here. Grad-
India’s intentions. “We were really very ually, the rage will fizzle out, the allies
concerned after that meeting. That's announcement they’re still struggling to accept that it (America) has a role in the will go back to their other priorities, and
when we decided to go all out to make frame a coherent response. A joint state- political process," he said. On his insis- it will be back to business as usual until
Being PM our case,” reasoned Wael Albattrekhi,
deputy chief of the Palestinian Mission
ment issued at the end of an emergency
summit of the Organisation of Islamic
tence, this was included in the joint
statement but the final version, it is
the next crisis erupts. Slowly, like other
illegal Israeli settlements, Jerusalem
Modi has to find time for the business of office in India. Until the last moment, they Conference (OIC) in Istanbul was full of believed, was much milder than a will also become a fait accompli. The
were not sure how India might vote. fire and brimstone but there was not stronger earlier draft. What we saw in only way to avert this dystopian sce-
P
RIME Minister Narendra Modi attended a Metro inauguration So far, so good. But it would be a mis- even a hint of any concrete strategy Istanbul, however, was typical of front- nario is for the big boys of the Arab
ceremony on Monday. It was his third in the country this year — take to over-interpret the UN vote. Essen- except that they would no longer accept line Arab countries' lack of political will world to acquire some mojo and use
after Hyderabad and Kochi — and third in New Delhi since tially, it was a symbolic victory; the hard America as a player in the peace process. to act for fear of offending their West- their leverage with their Western allies
assuming office. All three events in the Capital were the opening of a battle to secure East Jerusalem as the In a sign of how casually leading Arab ern allies, especially America. whose economies thrive on selling them
new line. Whether the most important person in the country has a fas- capital of a future Palestinian State still countries approach the issue, only 20 of Riven with internal divisions and everything from arms and paper clips to
cination for travel or inaugurations is hard to say, he has not held back lies ahead. It’s important to remember the 57 heads of state bothered to attend rivalries (witness the Saudi-led cam- get a fair deal on Palestine. Do they have
that the vote was not so much about the Istanbul summit; others, including paign against Qatar), they have little the political will to do it?
from demonstrating India’s progress in various modes of transport —
expressing solidarity with the Palestin- Saudi Arabia, were represented by their time for Palestine beyond paying it lip
ferry, seaplane or rail. Each time, though, the same question has arisen,
ian cause as condemning breaches of a foreign ministers or officials. service. Their current priority is con- The writer is a London-based
does a Prime Minister do himself credit by letting himself be distracted series of UN resolutions against “acquisi- That, in the circumstances they even taining Iran and to achieve this they commentator
by such events? It was one thing for the then Prime Minister, Atal
Behari Vajpayee, to open the Metro service in Delhi for the first time, but
adding lines to it may hardly be worth the time of such a high office.
Modi attacked the Opposition saying they “do not look at these proj-
ects from the angle of development but only… politics.” That may be
true, at least to the extent of the debate over the Delhi Chief Minister not
being invited to the ceremony. But the breakdown of communication
between the state and the Centre that it demonstrated has some mate-
Flying the good & not-so-good...
rial fallout. Proposals from Delhi to roll back the hike in Metro fares Col PS Sangha (retd) Agra and Mishra left for a meeting. I One day, I was told to be at Amritsar and was the passenger, but they had no clue.
were stonewalled by the Centre; the result is that daily Metro commutes had to wait for a few hours, and so, was given a route which ended in Soon, the airport manager called to
have gone down by 3 lakh. The consequences for traffic management
are obvious. In contrast, the Khattar government in Haryana was more
prepared to put aside the BJP-AAP political differences, and held a
meeting with the Delhi CM on the issue of stubble burning.
I N our lives we, unexpectedly, meet
people who are either famous, infa-
mous or become famous/infamous
in later years. These meetings are
headed for the VIP room to wait. I saw
a gentleman sitting there. Though I
faintly remembered seeing his picture
somewhere, I could not place him. He
Bathinda. I waited at the airfield and
soon I saw a slightly built Sikh gentle-
man walking towards me. I recognised
him as the competent Finance Minister
inform me that he was bringing the pas-
senger and I should get ready for depar-
ture. I was talking to the ATC when I felt
a nudge on my arm. I looked around to
chance encounters. In my 29 years of got up and walked up to me. ‘I am of Narsimha Rao when the Congress find a man in a white kurta-pyjama and
While in politics a certain amount of credit seeking is natural, the service in the Army, it never happened Narendra Modi and I am waiting to was in power. He was unassuming and a colourful clothcap on his head. I recog-
Prime Minister needs to understand he is the chief facilitator of con- because life was so regulated that you meet Kalraj Mishra.’ We shook hands I took him to three places before land- nised him as the Baba from Sirsa, who
sultations across all channels and barriers in the country. Demoneti- always knew where you are going to be and I introduced myself, telling him ing at Bathinda. There was no one to had been in news for upsetting the
sation and GST were examples of what happens when we don’t take and who you would be meeting. After that I too was waiting for the same gen- receive him, but he told me that I could Maratha community for his remarks on
others on board. Moreover, consultation is a long and arduous process leaving the Army, I started flying heli- tleman. Could I have ever guessed that return. I offered to wait till someone Shivaji Maharaj. He made good his
that requires time, labour and patience. And that requires for the copters and during the 17 years that I I was in the presence of a man who came along. Soon, I bade him goodbye. escape from Mumbai by flying to Ben-
chief negotiator to be available in office, not Metro platforms. flew, I had a few such encounters. would go on to become the most power- I had just flown a simple man who galuru and then to Delhi. Our helicopter
In 1997, I was under contract to fly the ful man in India, and who would have would be a two-time Prime Minister! was hired for the last leg to Sirsa — his
BJP in UP for poll campaigning. I used Mishra work under him as a minister! An interesting chance encounter took stronghold. He introduced himself and
to fly Kalraj Mishra, the top state hon- A few years later, I was flying for the place in New Delhi one day. I got a call chatted with me for a while. I dropped
Thought for the Day cho of the party. Every day, we flew out Congress in Punjab, ahead of the that I had to fly a passenger to Sirsa at him at Sirsa and forgot all about him.
to different parts of the state and after a Assembly polls. Every day, I picked up 6.30 am. I went to the hangar the next Could I have guessed I had flown a
Unity is oneness of purpose, not sameness of persons. few election meetings, we would return some leader or the other. Many times, I morning and found armed policemen man who ended up as a criminal with a
— Tony Evans to Lucknow. One such day, we landed in was not told the name of the person. next to the helicopter. I asked them who 20-year jail sentence!
Letters to the Editor, typed in double space, should not exceed the 200-word limit. These should be cogently written and can be sent by e-mail to: Letters@tribuneindia.com
THE TRIBUNE
CHANDIGARH | WEDNESDAY | 27 DECEMBER 2017 OPED 09
T
HE recently published US While the US-led world order is in crisis, exercises, quite visible in the US NSS, is a
National Security Strategy China's march towards superpower status risky proposition. India does not benefit
(NSS) has made a single-line emboldens it to carve out an independent from aligning with competing world-
statement on India's emer- geopolitical space and push its own agenda views. Therefore, an open partnership
gence as a leading global pow- in international relations. Recent policy with the US could aggravate balancing of
er. And yet, the editorials and write-ups in statements from President Xi Jinping indi- ties with China, our proximate neighbour.
media seem to accord great significance cate that China has a 'dream' spanning This could propel China to intensively
to the statement. The truth is that the beyond Asia. Already, China is building its militarise the periphery around India.
NSS reflects the Cold War mindset of the
White House, with China as the emerging
arch rival. India has only a contextual
first overseas military base in Africa (Dji-
bouti). Its economic penetration is ubiqui-
tous in Africa and it is reaching out effec-
2 Second, it could also be a drag on
India's resources. The Trump adminis-
tration has been scouting for resource-
'facilitating' role in the US grand strategy tively to Latin America. The hypothetical sharing for its military designs and mis-
and the NSS proposes complicated strate- Chinese world order may actually turn out sions. This was evident when the US
gic choices for India. to be real in the next few decades. We would desired India to play a larger role in
The NSS makes it clear that the US has have, thus, two warring factions competing Afghanistan, perhaps hinting at men and
been and would be aligned with its for domination in international relations material contribution. In a futuristic sense,
declared allies in setting the international akin to the Cold War days. The American this could mean sharing of Indian port and
agenda. This is alluded by the fact that the NSS forecasts this probability and logistics facilities for American strategic
allied powers have grabbed more space in attempts for retaining an American edge. ends in the Indo-Pacific.
the NSS narration than India that is
described in a passing manner. Even at the
regional level, countries like Japan and
Two competing world orders having
mutual disregard could turn out to be dis-
astrous and diminish the prospects for a
3 Third, the presumed partnership with
the US would also complicate India's
positioning on many international issues
South Korea occupy a pivotal place along pacifist international relations. A probable where it differs with Washington. Witness
with Taiwan in the US considerations. Aus- Sino-American war is a popular research for example, the BRICS group, where
tralia, the Philippines and Thailand remain support for India's permanent member- with political meritocracy based on topic in the West, already churning out India forged a partnership with member
important (and, perhaps, willing) partners, ship of the UN Security Council. The hol- authoritarianism; Bretton Woods institu- basketfuls of 'coming war' theories. While countries on many issues that were not in
though they often predicate their own tra- lowness of US recognition is also exposed tions are being challenged through paral- China's foreign policy has been quite sync with Washington's.
jectory independent of US policy. by the fact that H1B visas to Indians have lels like the Asian Infrastructure Bank offensive, piggy-banking on its new mili- Diplomatic sweeteners in the NSS
India figures marginally and is primari- reached an all-time low. and America's geopolitical outreach is tary confidence, the US foreign policy is notwithstanding, India should stay clear of
ly seen as handy for forging defence part- It, therefore, emerges that the US’ being matched brick by brick. The one- re-investing in Asia, complicating major US grandstanding and forge partnerships
nerships in the region, like the recent description of India as a leading global time hegemon is less powerful to impose conflict scenarios. At risk would be Asia, with all major powers on the basis of bal-
quadrilateral meet. Recent developments, power is contextual. The NSS defines its print version of hegemonist stability torn by pulls and pressures of competing ance of interests rather than balance of
however, bring home one reality bite: China along with Russia as revisionists in theory. The decline in its political, eco- military alliances and build-up, jeopardis- power. Probably, there lies the optimisation
defence partnerships with the US also international relations, challenging Wash- nomic and military power forces the US ing the prospects of 'an Asian century'. of international relations to facilitate
mean billions and billions dollars of arms ington's leadership across the spectrum; to hunt for new allies. India, with its dem- This would affect India and could derail India's transition to a great power status.
supply orders to US companies, with little the American championship of liberal ocratic polity and rising economic-mili- its focus on economic empowerment.
reciprocity in return, such as lobbying and democratic ideas are being positioned tary profile suits the American profiling The strategic scenarios for India, Views are personal
SP Vasudeva
What comprises a forest?
ing plan of the forest division; plantation/s eral definition of the term forest. diversity. This extent of area would be most
Retired Indian Forest Service officer raised (which may not be notified) but find Therefore, areas such as wastelands or cost effective and monitorable through the
mention in the government record and pri- barren lands, although notified as forest satellite, economical to claim carbon cred-
F
ORESTS are ecosystems generally vate lands/areas and other land use entered under the Indian Forest Act, 1927 or com- its under afforestation projects and for car-
conceived to have trees and were as van/vani or with any other name. ing within the definition of deemed forest rying out reforestation of scrub and
created by nature to primarily, The application of the Forest Conserva- but neither have trees or other vegetation degraded forest lands. The choice of tree
through their functions, supply tion Act, 1980 to wastelands without any nor have the potential to sustain vegetation height is 2-5 metres. A minimum height of
fresh air and clean water, and with that to tree growth notified under Section 29 of the need to be denotified as forest land. It 3 metres would suffice and also help in cov-
provide tangible benefits in the form of Indian Forest Act, 1927 as forests or to areas would be better to utilise such land use for ering many areas of deserts and hills hav-
timber, fodder, fuel wood, minor forest pro- with no or scarce tree growth and entered industrialisation or housing projects or oth- ing stunted tree growth.
duce etc. India is a reservoir of diverse as forest in any government record has er uses. Lands where agriculture crops, Such parameter when applied to forests
forests having socio-economic and cultural been questioned as such areas are not per- agro-forestry or horticulture is being prac- in Indian context could lead to the defini-
importance. There is need to preserve this forming functions as a forest resource. tised, but if these lands are entered as for- tion of forests as "a land area of above 1
resource till posterity. Considering such areas as forests is caus- est in revenue/government records needs hectare notified as forests under any Act or
However, no clear and comprehensive ing delays in getting approvals of develop- to be changed to agriculture. However, pri- recorded as forests in any government
definition of the term 'forest' exists in the mental projects for the economic growth of vate lands having natural forests not record, having a tree canopy cover density
Indian Forest Act, 1927 or any other legisla- the country. This requires the State to entered as forest or notified as forest need of 10% or more of tree species of natural
tive or administrative tools. There is, thus, bring out a clear and comprehensive defi- to be brought under the definition and forestry origin, attaining a height of more
need to develop a definition, taking into nition of term forests. managed as per forestry principles for the than 3 metres and functioning as social,
consideration botanical, socio-economic, The promulgation of the National socio-economic benefit of the owners. ecological, biological and economic
environmental and legal aspects, so as to Forests Policy, 1988 brought in social, eco- The United Nations (UN) and some coun- resource and or pastures, grasslands,
Unlike the UN and be socially acceptable, economically viable
and environmentally sound.
logical and environmental concerns to be
taken into account while defining forests.
tries having adequate area under forests
have arrived at a definition of forests based
deserts, water bodies, wetlands, geo-mor-
phic features and glaciers in their natural
some countries that The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 was The concept of climate change and its rela- on the minimum area under tree cover of habitat working as an eco-system". This
enacted to regulate the diversion of forest tion to forests, and the effect on the global species of natural forestry origin, with a definition can be notified under the master
have arrived at a land for non-forestry use in view of the carbon sequestration regime need to be minimum tree canopy cover density and Act — the Indian Forest Act, 1927 — and
heavy pressure on this land use. The term studied. Private forests or private lands reaching a particular height. adopted in other Acts and Rules.
definition of forests, forest land mentioned in Section 2 of the with tree growth performing the functions Taking into consideration these factors The forest areas of Aravilis in Delhi,
the term forest is not Act, refers to reserve forests, protected
forests or any area recorded as forest in the
of natural forests also need to be consid-
ered as forest. Areas such as pastures,
in India, a canopy cover density of above
10% is appropriate for an area to look like a
Haryana and Rajasthan although might
be entered as Gair Mumkin Pahar in the
defined in the Indian government records. The Supreme Court
has extended the application of the Act, to
including alpine pastures, grasslands, wet-
lands, water bodies, deserts and other such
forest and fall in its definition as per the
dictionary meaning. A land use to be treat-
revenue record, meaning a wasteland,
but in view of tree growth of species of
Forest Act. all areas falling in the "dictionary meaning"
of the term forest, irrespective of owner-
eco-systems which are the creation of
nature and performing the functions of
ed as forest, a minimum area of 1 hectare
with species of natural forestry origin
natural forestry origin therein, these
areas come within the ambit of the term
ship and control. The deemed forests are providing the environmental services would look like a forest and capable of trig- forest, as per above definition, and as
those as notified under the Indian Forest expected from forests, need to be contin- gering biological processes of food chain per orders of the apex court considering
Act, 1927; recorded as forests in govern- ued to be categorised as forest even and trophic levels to sustain growth and such areas according to dictionary
ment record; finding mention in the work- though these might not be falling in the lit- development of vegetation and other bio- meaning of the term forest.
15 Realise, 17 Trivial,
NEW DELHI, December 26 (PTI)-For the first time, the Union
Home Minister, Mr. Y.B. Chavan, today made it known to the repre-
19 Macabre, 21 6 9 1 3 Chandigarh 22
New Delhi 25
07
07
Digress, 22 Lilac, 24
sentatives of the rulers of former Indian States that the Govern- PUNJAB
ment of India intended to implement the resolution of the All-India
Software, 27
Ambulance, 28 Stall, 1 7 Amritsar 20 06
Congress Committee regarding the abolition of privy purses and 29 Elan, 30 Weather Bathinda 21 06
princely privileges. He conveyed the Government's intention to the eye. 9 5 6 2 7 Jalandhar 20 07
10-member Steering Committee of the Princes Concord which met Ludhiana 22 05
Down
him for about 45 minutes today. The earlier discussion between the
Home Minister and the Committee had been of a general nature 1 Iota, 2 Joan of Arc, 3 9 2 Patiala
HARYANA
21 09
Overt, 4 Astride, 5
and the Government's intention had not been made clear to the Ambala 21 07
Princes. The Home Minister also reportedly hinted at today's meet-
Delight, 7 Loose, 8
Royal flush, 9 Aspiring, 3 6 7 9 Bhiwani 22 08
ing that the Government was ready with its scheme for the abolition 14 Promulgate, 16 Hisar 24 07
of privy purses and the privileges but he did not outline it. Imbecile, 18 Inebriate,
20 Essence, 21
3 Karnal 21 07
Sirsa 21 05
Recovery of Dues Deflect, 23 Libra, 25
1 7 4 6 HIMACHAL PRADESH
From Our Special Correspondent Waste, 26 Clue. Dharamsala 16 07
CHANDIGARH, Dec. 26-To tighten up the recovery of various Manali 13 0
Government dues like land revenue, abiana, taccavi etc. the Pun- Yesterday’s solution calendar Nahan 19 07
jab Cabinet today vacated all stay orders issued by the Ministers. ACROSS 23Decree (5) 5 Extreme contempt (5) Shimla 17 08
2 6 5 3 1 9 4 8 7 December 27, 2017, Wednesday
The Cabinet also decided that in future no Minister would give 6 Pungent (5) Solan 21 02
1 Hindu ascetic (5) 24Protesting angrily (2,2,4) 1 7 4 6 2 8 9 5 3 ■ Vikrami Samvat 2074
any stay orders. The Deputy Commissioners, who under the law ■ JAMMU & KASHMIR
8 Absurd (8) 25Socially unacceptable (5) 7 Melting snow (5) 9 8 3 5 4 7 1 6 2
Shaka Samvat 1939
or realisation according to the circumstances in each case, would ■ Posh Shaka 6 Jammu 21 07
9 Indolence (5) 26Loss of courage (4,4) 12 Excessively (3) ■
decide its postponement with an intimation of the same to the 5 4 6 9 7 1 2 3 8 Posh Parvishte 13 Leh 02 --09
10Close call (4,4) 13 Bottom of river (3) ■ Hijari 1439
Secretariat. Till the end of October last, the total dues stood at Rs. 27Smooth and glossy (5) 14 Unexpected gain (8) 3 9 1 8 6 2 7 4 5 ■ Shukla Paksha Tithi 9,
Srinagar 09 --01
5.2 crores. To speed up this recovery was one of the programmes 11 Precipitous (5) 7 2 8 4 3 5 6 1 9 up to 1.55 am UTTARAKHAND
of the last Front Ministry. The Cabinet also decided on urgent
15 Divulge (8) ■
12 Old, slow boat (3) DOWN Pari Yog up to 3.31 am Dehradun 23 08
steps to encourage small savings as the State was far behind its 19 Deadening influence (6) 6 5 9 7 8 4 3 2 1 ■ Revti Nakshatra up to 1.37 am
16 North American country (6) 2 Utterly perplexed (3,2,3) 20Intuitive feeling (5) ■ Moon enters Aries sign
Mussoorie 15 04
target of securing about Rs 7.5 crores in net deposits. 4 1 7 2 5 3 8 9 6
17 Evoke (6) 3 Prevalent (2,3,3) 21 Runners in a race (5) at 1.37 am Nainital 17 06
18 Strange (3) 4 Rich cake (6) 8 3 2 1 9 6 5 7 4 ■ Panchak ends 1.37 am.
TEMPERATURE IN OC
22Tactless remark (5)
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8 EDITORIAL NOIDA/DELHI
Countering growing inequality
Indian social policy must raise health and education levels all around, as China has done
the human capital prole of a This brings us back to India. In
country may be represented by a dia has lower per capita income,
GETTY IMAGES/ISTOCKPHOTO
for India. To see the latter better, per se cannot be held responsible
A
leader is as good as the party he leads. But in
T
he release recently of the note that the share of the Indian for this. There are States in India
Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, the Bharatiya Ja
World Inequality Report 2018 population with secondary school with superior social indicators
nata Party found the performance of its chief mi has brought into focus an as ing is less than 15%. China had by than China. This shows that not
nisterial candidates at variance with that of the rest of pect of economic progress in In the early 1970s achieved the level only is democracy not a barrier to
the party. Vijay Rupani, the incumbent Chief Minister, dia. This is the continuous growth of schooling India did only by the development but also that similar
won his Rajkot West seat comfortably, even as the BJP in inequality here since the early 21st century. The spread of political institutions across India
conceded ground to the Congress in Gujarat. Prem Ku mid1980s. To grasp this, consider health and education in that coun have not resulted in same develop
mar Dhumal lost in Sujanpur, but the BJP won big in Hi the reported nding that the top is not invalid but some of the nd is important to comprehend this try enabled the Chinese economy ment outcomes across its regions.
machal Pradesh to wrest power from the Congress. Af 1% of income earners received 6% ings may alter if we adopt mea outcome if we are to understand to grow faster than India by ex Nor can we remain complacent
of the total income in the early sures of inequality that character the source of inequality in India, porting manufactures to the rest that democracy is combined with
ter the poor showing in Gujarat, the renomination of
1980s, close to 15% of it in 2000, ise the entire distribution. To be not to mention why India lags Chi of the world. These goods may not superior social indicators in some
Mr. Rupani as the legislature party leader was not auto and receives 22% today. As this is a precise, the inequality ranking of na. have been the byword for quality parts of India when income levels
matic; there were other contenders, including his de report on a global scale, we can China and India may now reverse. Now, is a comparison of the but they were globally competi are lower here than what China
puty, Nitin Patel. The BJP was under some pressure to see the trend in inequality across But this need not hold us back as it progress made in China and India tive, which made their domestic has demonstrated is achievable.
send a positive signal to the Patidar community, large the world, providing a compara is evident that China’s perfor meaningful at all? Yes it is, for production viable. The resulting
sections of which appeared to have shifted their alle tive perspective across countries. mance is far superior all round to though representing dierent pol growth lifted vast multitudes out Deepening democracy
giance to the Congress. But the party settled for anoth In particular, it enables a com that of India. China has grown fas itical systems, they had both been of poverty. As the human capital Given the growing inequality in In
parison of economic progress ter, has far lower poverty and far large agrarian economies at simi endowment was relatively equal, dia, the direction that public poli
er term for Mr. Rupani, not wanting to pin the blame for
made in India and China. This is higher average income, and its in lar levels of per capita income most people could share in this cy should now take is evident.
the below par performance on him. After all, the cam not attering of India. Since 1980, come distribution is less unequal when they had started out in the growth, which accounts for the re There is need to spread health and
paign had been led from the front by Prime Minister Na while the Chinese economy has at the very top. The World Deve early 1950s. Moreover, the ab lative equality of outcomes in Chi education far more widely amidst
rendra Modi and party president Amit Shah. Ignoring grown 800% and India’s a far low lopment Indicators data released sence of democracy in a society na when compared to India. An in the population. India’s full panop
Mr. Rupani’s claim would only have meant laying the er 200%, inequality in China today by the World Bank show that per does not by itself guarantee faster gredient of this is also the greater ly of interventions, invariably jus
groundwork for further disaection within the party. In is considerably lower than in In capita income in China was ve economic growth and greater in participation of women in the tied as being propoor, have not
Himachal Pradesh, the situation was, in many ways, ve dia. The share of the top 1% of the times that of India in 2016 while come equality. For a populous workforce of China, an outcome only not spread human capital,
Chinese population is 14% as op the percentage of the population poor country to lift itself to a high that eludes India. but they have also not been able to
ry dierent. Despite losing his seat, Mr. Dhumal was not
posed to the 22% reported for In living on less than $1.90 a day was er growth path and stay there re While concluding this brief ac prevent a growing income inequal
out of contention for the post of Chief Minister till the dia. The authors go on to empha about 10 times less at the begin quires imaginative public policy count of China’s progress, two ity.
very end, with many newly elected members of the le sise that growing inequality need ning of this decade. India has a for and a steady governance. We can points may be made. China is no A ritualistic focus on the trap
gislature oering to vacate their seats for him. But while not necessarily accompany faster bidding gap to traverse in all direc see this in the divergent economic exception to the general history of pings of democracy, from frenetic
recognising that Mr. Dhumal did indeed boost its chanc growth, observing that inequality tions, but for now let us focus on histories of North and South Ko progress made in East Asia, right election campaigns to stylised
es in several seats, the BJP opted for vetime MLA Jai actually declined in China from inequality. rea. So what is it that China did down to the authoritarianism, on skirmishes in the legislatures, has
ram Thakur as the new Chief Minister. Evidently, the the early 21st century. By then Chi It is the comparative perspec better than India? ly that China has remained even not worked to deliver its promise.
na had grown faster for longer tive contained in the Report that more authoritarian. This makes it We now need to reorient public
reasoning was that rewarding Mr. Dhumal would be in
than most countries of the world makes it useful. Indiabased re The Chinese clue appropriate to term progress in policy so that the government is
terpreted by detractors as a show of disrespect to the ever did. searchers have for some time now If there is to be a meta narrative for the country as growth through hu more enabling of private entrepre
verdict of the people in his constituency. Also, the BJP’s pointed out that the country is be China’s economic development, it man capitalaccumulation for neurship while being directly en
ideological mentor, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Basket of indicators coming less equal since 1991. Also, is that its leadership combined the there can be no human develop gaged in the equalisation of oppor
is known to be opposed to rewarding with ministerial The ndings in the World Inequali- we need not turn to the expe drive for growth with the spread ment without democracy, whatev tunity through a social policy that
posts those who have lost an election. That Mr. Thakur ty Report serve as grist to the mill rience of China to recognise that ing of human capital. Human cap er may be the health and educa raises health and education levels
is a former pracharak would only have made the RSS that is the study of the progress of growth need not be unequalising. ital may be understood as a per tional attainments of a population. at the bottom of the pyramid.
nations. But before we proceed to We know independently that in son’s endowment derived from Recent revelations suggest that the
bring greater force to bear upon the BJP in this regard.
reect on them we may pause to equality in India declined for three education and robust health. massacre of prodemocracy prot
While the choice of Mr. Rupani is a vote for continui consider their underlying metho and a half decades since 1950 even When a population is more or less esters at Tiananmen Square in Pulapre Balakrishnan is Professor of
ty, it is not an endorsement of everything that he did in dology. First, the results are based as the economy grew steadily, equally endowed, as it was in Chi 1989 was far greater than believed Ashoka University and Senior Fellow of
the short period he has been in power in Gujarat. To on the share of top incomes. This though maybe not spectacularly. It na when it began to draw ahead, to be. IIM Kozhikode
rule in Mr. Modi’s name is one thing, but to not be a pro
active agent in governance is quite another. Mr. Rupani
will continue to be on test under the keen eyes of the
ModiShah combine. The BJP’s rural backing seems to
have shrunk and the party depended heavily on its core
How India rejects bad patents
support base of traders and the urban middle class to
Strong standards for patents have ltered the bad from the good, with the least administrative and nancial burden
win the election. In Himachal, Mr. Thakur will likely
#4 1 3 9 7 5
I
less he can help his party beat the incumbency disad n 2005, India made some re Gleevec. We found that exceptions and should be capable of indus ing to go through expensive and
vantage, Mr. Thakur will not be seen as having done his markable amendments to the to patentability in Section 3 of the trial application, were the most timeconsuming litigation. The
job. Retaining power is not as easy as regaining power. Indian Patents Act of 1970, to Act, which includes Section 3(d), frequently used grounds for rejec high cost of litigation poses signi
GETTY IMAGES/ISTOCKPHOTO
T
he fresh round of economic sanctions imposed At the heart of the matter are ght against the rejection of its pa vention is a variant of a known is the patient who eventually pays
unanimously by the UN Security Council on the strong standards for patents tent that went to the Supreme Between 1995 and 2005, prior substance, the criterion for paten a higher price — by being subject
North Korea is a predictable response to mount which India introduced to pro Court. Both courts ruled decisive to our new law, India provided a tability is proof of a necessary im to exorbitant medicine prices, dri
ing international frustration over the nuclear stando. mote genuine innovation across all ly to uphold the legality of Section temporary measure to receive pa provement in its performance for ven by the unmerited exclusivity
The measures come days after the U.S., echoing suspi elds of technology, in perfect 3(d). The United States Trade Re tent applications for pharmaceuti its designated use, i.e., increased that bad patents create.
cions in other countries, charged the North Korean go compliance with the World Trade presentative has also repeatedly cal products at the IPO, called the ecacy. In the context of pharma
Organisation (WTO) norms. In rebuked India for this provision in mailbox system. Though intro ceuticals, as was the case involving As a check
vernment with the worldwide ‘WannaCry’ cyberat
contrast, developed countries its Special 301 Report, despite its duced in 2005, the use of Section Novartis, this translates to evi Without Section 3(d), the Indian
tacks in May. The sanctions include an 89% curb on have weaker standards as a result perfect compliance with WTO 3(d) gradually increased from dence of an improvement in thera public would have to bear the bur
rened petroleum imports into North Korea, stringent of incessant lobbying by corporate norms. While the world’s atten 2009 when mailbox applications peutic ecacy. In other words, tri den of invalidating a bad patent
inspections of ships transferring fuel to the country, behemoths. Twelve years later, we tion is still xed on this legal expe were examined. The spike coin vial innovation must result in a far through litigation.
and the expulsion of thousands of North Koreans in now know what it means: India re riment that the Indian Parliament cides with the Supreme Court’s better product in order to qualify India is certainly not alone in
other countries (who send home crucial hard currency) jects bad patents in far greater introduced into law, there has ruling in the Novartis case, in April for patent protection. facing two connected challenges:
within two years. Despite the crippling nature of the number than developed been a dearth of information on 2013. It would appear that this Within the arcane world of pa constrained government budgets
countries. how the IPO has applied Section judgment provided legal certainty tent law, an argument against pro and urgent public health needs. As
curbs, there is some good news on this imbroglio. As on
3(d). We found that it lters the to Indian patent law in general, visions such as Section 3(d) is that Section 3(d) has been ecient in
previous occasions, Beijing and Moscow were able to The background bad from the good, with the lowest and Section 3(d) in particular, ena it is no more than an extension of separating the bad patents from
impress upon the Security Council the potentially des The ndings of a new study by us possible administrative and nan bling the IPO to weed out trivial one of the basic requirements of the good in India, it would be a
tabilising and hence counterproductive impact of ex which examined all 1,723 pharma cial burden. innovations. patentability: nonobviousness. wise move for other developing
treme measures. This is signicant given the interconti ceutical applications rejected by Certainly, for an application to be countries, grappling with similar
nental ballistic missile that Pyongyang launched in the Indian Patent Oce (IPO) bet Rejected using Section 3(d) At the patent oce deemed nonobvious, it has to es challenges, to incorporate similar
November. It was described by U.S. Defence Secretary ween 2009 and 2016 have been an An astonishing 45% of all rejected In the last decade, we found that tablish a technical advance over provisions in their law.
eyeopener. pharmaceutical patent applica the IPO rejected about 95% of all what was known before.
Jim Mattis as technically more sophisticated than anyth
Section 3(d) of the Indian Pa tions cited Section 3(d) as a reason pharmaceutical patent applica But nonobviousness standards
ing witnessed previously, and the North Korean re tents Act, a provision introduced for rejection: the applications tions on its own. Only 5% were are more eectively applied in in Feroz Ali is the IPR Chair Professor at IIT
gime’s claim that it could deliver nuclear warheads to restrict the patenting of new were identied as mere variants of through the intervention of a third validity proceedings before a Madras and Sudarsan Rajagopal is a
anywhere in North America has been viewed with con forms of known pharmaceutical known compounds that lacked a party, such as a pregrant oppo court of law than by ocials at the London-based patent analyst. They work
cern. However, even as China and Russia approved the substances, became the subject of demonstrable increase in thera nent. Our basic patentability crite IPO. The advantage that a provi on a Shuttleworth Foundation project on
latest measures, they continued to state their prefe international attention after its use peutic value. ria, that the invention should be sion such as Section 3(d) provides access to medicines
rence for diplomatic engagement. It remains to be seen
how much more pressure Beijing can exert upon Pyon LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Letters emailed to letters@thehindu.co.in must carry the full postal address and the full name or the name with initials.
gyang.
The stated aim of the sanctions regime has been to Meeting Kulbhushan espionage activities, the ■ To extract a favour from Nadu conveys two things ■ The surge in favour of Questionable
force North Korea to halt its nuclear programme and Though the wife and world knows that it is a Pakistan is a very tough task. (Editorial – “Cash and Sasikala’s nephew was Banning the airing of
start disarmament negotiations. In September, North mother of Kulbhushan pressure tactic being Therefore, a miracle churn”, December 26). First, palpable, but few would have “explicit” contraceptive
Korea detonated its sixth underground nuclear device, Jadhav, who is being held in adopted by Pakistan. The happened when Pakistan public memory is short. The predicted that he would end advertisements on television
which it claimed was a hydrogen bomb. That assertion Pakistan on charges of picture on the front page was allowed the family to visit anger and hatred shown up toppling even the two between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m.
spying, were allowed to worth a thousand words; the him after Himalayan towards the Sasikala family established Kazhagams of will not serve any purpose
remains unveried, but experts believe the explosion
nally meet him in expectant eyes of Jadhav’s manoeuvring. The has almost disappeared after Tamil politics. Even though (Editorial page, “Flawed, in
was many times more powerful than previous detona Islamabad, it is unfortunate mother and his wife are permission granted to them the emergence of rebel R.K. Nagar voters have the name of indecency”,
tions. The development has served as a reminder to the that there was not much poignant. India should to see and talk to him even AIADMK candidate T.T.V. bestowed a kind of December 25). The
U.S. that the scope for military options may be increas communication possible examine using every possible through a glass barrier is by Dhinakaran and his victory legitimacy on the Sasikala youngsters of today are
ingly narrowing. Against this backdrop, a revival of (“Jadhav meets family in channel to save him from the itself a boon. This being the in the R.K. Nagar faction, it is somehow wellinformed about human
stalled peace negotiations between the P5 nations and Islamabad”, December 26). death row. Even approaching position, there is no point in constituency byelection. unacceptable that someone biology. Most lms today
North Korea may be the only realistic alternative on the There was only a China, an ally of Pakistan, picking holes in the Second, it looks as though should get to call the shots have provocative and
semblance of a should be thought of. arrangement made. This is Tamil Nadu is moving on the basis of familial links romantic scenes which
horizon. The successful conclusion of the 2015 civilian
conversation under the S. Kumar, likely to harden the attitude towards political instability with Jayalalithaa’s children are free to watch at
nuclear agreement between the P5 plus Germany and watchful eyes of Pakistani Chennai of Pakistan against other even though one byelection household. any time. Such scenes are
Iran aords a constructive template to move ahead with ocials, and monitored Indian prisoners in general result cannot decide the Tamil Nadu is an advanced bound to “contaminate”
North Korea. Certainly, U.S. President Donald Trump with CCTV cameras. The ■ Pakistan has moved only a and Kulbhushan Jadhav in political trend in a State. State and deserves their minds. It would be
has delivered a scathing blow to the Iran deal, even as Government of India must bit because of international particular. There is also a message for enlightened leadership, not prudent to introduce the
he stopped short of scrapping it. Iran’s continued com continue to build pressure pressure and opinion. Going India should control the urge the Dravida Munnetra the overlordship of those subject of sex education in
pliance with the inspections of the International Atomic on Pakistan and secure through the details in the to muddle the issue, learn to Kazhagam, which is the who are imminently schools to create awareness.
Jadhav’s release. report, it appears that the be be patient and take one principal opposition party. It unqualied. Mr. Don’t we teach children
Energy Agency may not mean much to Mr. Trump, gi
N.J. Ravi Chander, meet was a cruel joke and a step at a time. needs to be careful about its Dhinakaran’s victory also about a “good” and a “bad
ven his overall distrust of multilateral institutions. But Bengaluru drama. India should Rohith Sundaresan, future poll strategies and not underlines the fact that the touch”? Then, why not
that is no reason why other big powers should not pur continue its legal/diplomatic Coimbatore underestimate the political ‘revolving door’ electoral educate them about safe sex?
sue the diplomatic eort with redoubled energy. Coun ■ Though there is no ground battle and ensure that the manoeuvring capabilities of politics of Tamil Nadu is far Prem K. Menon,
tries that backed the recently adopted UN nuclear wea for Jadhav’s arrest, his former naval ocer is freed. R.K. Nagar poll result other parties. from over. Mumbai
CM A ND-NDE
YK
https://t.me/TheHindu_Zone https://t.me/pdf4exams
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THE HINDU
WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 27, 2017
NOIDA/DELHI
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OPED 9
THE WEDNESDAY INTERVIEW | BERTIL LINTNER
<
> Ocean is going to
so on. But they don’t give the those days. People were not the world was the superpow I think the Indian million acres of land in the and Aksai Chin. On paper been upgraded to a huge in
geopolitical context. The se even aware at the time that ers, the lesser powers, and Indian Ocean. This is why that sounds reasonable, but ■ Well so far, India has been ternational airport. On the
cond is the category of scho tens of millions of people the poor countries (Third become the biggest these alliances are growing. we don’t know how serious an observer, and not done Indian side, infrastructure is
larly books on the border dis had died in a famine in China World). China wanted to be challenge in the near the Chinese are. Also, if Chi that much really. The same still a major problem. It’s bet
pute. Now here it is as a result of the Great Leap come the leader of the revo future. I nd it hard to To come back to the land na were to accept the Line of thing is happening in the Sey ter than 10 years ago per
important to remember the Forward, and there was a cri lutionary forces in the Third boundary, you have said Actual Control (LAC) as the chelles. China is paying enor haps, but not comparable to
believe they will ght
dierence in political culture sis within the Communist World and had to dethrone that the Doklam stando border, it could control any mous attention to the coun what already exists on the
between India and China. In Party. Mao Zedong was at his India from that position. Af another war in the this year was not about dissidence within. In India, try, of less than 100,000 Chinese side.
dia has a strong legalistic ap least popular moment in ter the war, Mao became Himalayas. China’s designs on India, but which is a democracy, the go people. India’s eastern bor The other problem is red
proach, with courts and laws 1949 and Mao needed to un strong enough to begin the aimed to drive a wedge vernment couldn’t just go der with Myanmar is so tape and bureaucracy, and it
being very important. China, ite the party and the country cultural war, and Nehru, [versus China]. The United between India and Bhutan. ahead with that solution… it much more important, for seems that the Chinese Com
on the other hand, dismisses behind himself. India was a who died a broken man two States is a bit unpredictable Why do you say that? would be political suicide. So example. But India spends munist Party are better capi
all treaties that it doesn’t like convenient enemy because years later, was no longer under Donald Trump, but it this package is a nonstarter. an inordinate time on its talists than India, a democra
by calling them ‘unequal the Dalai Lama had been gi able to lead India as a spokes had under Barack Obama ■ Bhutan is China’s only But in the larger picture, Chi western border (with Pakis cy, is. There are still many
treaties’ which were im ven refuge here in 1959. The man of the Third World and embarked on a pivot to Asia, neighbour that doesn’t have na doesn’t care if the boun tan). Myanmar is China’s cor trade restrictions on the In
posed on China when China other reason was that in the Asia. with the rise of China as the diplomatic ties with it. Rela dary remains unresolved. ridor to the Indian Ocean. dian side and several check
was weak. But even in more 1950s, India under Jawahar main concern. For the rst tions are maintained through They are not looking for a so What India can do to counter points. An integrated check
modern days, when China is lal Nehru had become the You’ve written about the time, since the 15th century these boundary talks, which lution, they are looking for a it is to pay more attention. point, which is being
strong, these treaties mean main voice for newly inde roles of the Soviet Union and and Admiral Zheng He, the have been going on for more strategic advantage. Where planned by India, will help.
nothing. pendent countries in Asia the U.S. as key to the Chinese are now in the In than two decades. Bhutan there is a conict of interest Will the ChinaPakistan The third problem is from
Recently, the Chinese fo and Africa. India initiated the outcome in 1962. In a war dian Ocean. China didn’t has been under Indian in building up is in the Indian Economic Corridor (CPEC) underground rebel groups
reign ministry said that the NonAligned Movement, like situation between India even have a proper navy un uence, but it is now assert Ocean. And the joint naval change the politics of the operating on the Indian side,
treaty with Britain over Hong gave the language of Panch and China today, what til recently. So now when it ing itself as a sovereign pow exercises with Australia and region? which can carry out attacks
Kong was now history, or sheel. Now at the time, the position would the U.S. and talks of One Belt One Road, er. Why did China even need other countries is important. and extort money all along
that the international court West’s threeworld theory Russia take? and the ancient maritime the road in Doklam? Maybe While visiting the Andaman ■ So far, I don’t think the the border. Anyone with a
ruling on the South China saw the Western Bloc, the trade routes, it must be re the plan was to get Indian Islands recently, I was told CPEC has been much of a gun can demand anything.
Sea favouring the Philippines Eastern Bloc, and the global ■ Well, rst of all, I don’t membered it’s not so an troops out of Haa (Bhutan’s that the U.S. navy was visit success. Pakistan is not a sta But I can say with certainty
was just an unfair judgment. South (underdeveloped think there is going to be a cient. In the Indian Ocean, Haa Valley) and get them ing Port Blair. Now we know ble country, and China will that people of Myanmar
And as I point out in the world). The Chinese view of war between India and Chi you have India, which con more directly involved in this that they are not there to have to deal more and more would like to do much more
na today. Trade is too impor siders it its own lake, as it conict, which would embar learn to rescue shipwrecks with its internal dynamics. trade with India, because the
tant. I think what we’re see were. But also in the Indian rass many Bhutanese. You and play cricket. Plus, the CPEC connects to dependence on China is so
<
> success. Pakistan is not a stable country, and China
So far, I don’t think the CPEC has been much of a
ing today is a new Cold War Ocean is the U.S.’s most im
#4 1 3 9 7 5
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Civil War.
Two interpretations This refers to a dening There is no hiding from your demons at election time The Maximalist News Agency reports that the Bolsheviks are
A onefactor explanation, however, sounds inadequate. Wil movement in early 20th attacking Kharko. The Agency claims that the Bolsheviks
lynilly, one would have to look for a political cause behind art, pioneered by Pablo Pi Nistula Hebbar election oce o the by less circumspect in his
now control the railway to the south. A telegram however re
every eect, even if money power was on display. Even casso and Georges Braque. pass to Modhera (where a answer. “Those were the
ports that a large body of Cossacks and railwaymen near Tsa
here, there are two political interpretations possible: one, The name is based on Hen Elections are a form of famous sun temple is) pre heydays of the agitation,
rithin has stopped the Boshevik troops going northward.
that it is a oneo phenomenon in a peculiar political con ri Matise and Louis Vaux reckoning, around every paring to face his these were the same peo
text, and two, that there is an emerging trend. A prominent celles’s remark that Georg ve years (or less some reckoning. ple who had voted for me CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
political theme that the result highlights is the present es Braque’s painting, times), but a reckoning “The house is now re the last time around,” he
AIADMK’s lack of popularity not only in terms of gover Houses at L’Estaque, they are. Politicians, that built and it wasn’t his prin said. “We are both the DATA POINT
nance but also because of its perceived genuection before looked like it was com much reviled category of cipal residence,” said a same people at the same
the Centre. However, if this was a major factor, the DMK, as posed of cubes. Cubism re people, have this in their supporter. “It was just a position now.”
the main opposition, should have been the voters’ choice. jected the single point per favour that whatever the bigger house he was build In the electoral reckon
Therefore, to suit this narrative, one has to read in the elec spective that had been in record of the past ve ing, and it’s rebuilt now,” ing, I wasn’t surprised la
tion the remnants of the perception that the DMK remains vogue since the Renais years, they have to face a he added as my colleague ter to hear that Mr. Patel
tainted by past misdeeds. sance as well as the need reckoning. So it was in the asked for directions to go had lost the election to the
The longterm view is that Mr. Dhinakaran is here to stay, for art to faithfully portray Assembly elections in Guj take a photograph. A Congress candidate, des
either as a force on his own or as the leader of a unied the real world as it was. In arat this year, when I burnt house was not quite pite a rebellion in the local
AIADMK. Some see the fall of the present regime as immi stead, it celebrated the found myself in Mehsana, the symbol of redemp unit of the Congress
nent, as he is believed to have a ‘sleeper cell’ in the Edappa twodimensional nature of in Becharaji constituency tion, and Mr. Patel’s sup against the candidate,
di PalaniswamiO. Panneerselvam camp. Those who hold the canvas, representing to be exact. porters understood that Bharat Thakor.
this view say the people have been impressed by the unap an object from multiple The Bharatiya Janata very well. Mr. Patel, it seemed,
pable way in which Mr. Dhinakaran has been facing the perspectives using planes. Party candidate there, had faced his demons. As
wrath of Central investigation agencies since the imprison Cubism evolved in two Rajni Patel, was Home Mi ‘The same people’ a followup, I called up his
ment of his aunt V.K. Sasikala in February. Even the popular stages — analytical cubism nister of the State at the Mr. Patel, a career politi supporter, the one who
resentment against his family appears to have been oversha and synthetic cubism. height of the Patidar agita cian, didn’t care much to tried to hide the location
dowed by his simple, smiling disposition. tion for reservations, and hide the plain facts of the of the torched house. It
The DMK should have logically won a byelection in following the death of 14 case but wanted me to seems the people remem
which the ruling party’s vote share was expected to be se people at a protest venue know that he was over it. bered far more than we
verely dented by Mr. Dhinakaran’s presence. The DMK can CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC in the State, his house had “The shooting was unfor gave them credit for, I
didate has denied that his party let Mr. Dhinakaran win so been torched. tunate, therefore the peo said, to which he replied,
MORE ON
that the AIADMK camp goes into further disarray and its go
vernment falls, but there is no explanation for the party’s
abysmal vote share, which is lower than what it has polled
THE WEB
Reinventing communism
3 That he got a ticket to
contest from there again
was a surprise — rather un
ple had a right to feel ag
grieved,” he said, a
faraway look in his eyes.
“Oh yes, but that is a story
for this election. In the
next one, the story will be
previously while losing. Whatever be the reason for its lack can help both the CPI charitably, many said it When I asked him how entirely dierent.”
lustre campaign, the DMK clearly lost an opportunity to de and India was a surprise to the can he’d feel asking the people No career has as many
monstrate that it is the goto party when the rest of the pol didate too. who had torched his chances at redemption as
ity has been enfeebled. http://bit.ly/2Dho0H5 But there he was, at his house for votes, he was politics, it seems.
CM A ND-NDE
YK
िई जदलंली बुधिार, 2७ वदसंबर 2017
एक नया शब्द
जिभंंीक पतंंकाजरता का सातवां दशक एक ताजा बीज
स्थापना िर्श ः 1948 के समान होता
है, जो विचार-
विमश्श की
भूवम पर बोया
केद् ी् य मंती् हेगड्े ने वववादास्पद बयान देते हुए संवविान बदलने की बात की है। मंवत
् यो्-नेताओ् के ऐसे गैरजर्री बयानो् से खुद जाता है...
उनकी अपनी सरकार या पार्ी् के वलए ही असहज स्सथवत पैदा हो जाती है। -लुडविग विट्गे्स्टाइन
व
षम 1963 की बात है। राम आपके बड़े आभारी हंगे।' की इ्जत पर हमला करने वाले और उधार के िमता कभी मंद नहं
मनोहर लोवहया ने एक पचाम हमारी संसि के शुुआती विनं मं गंभीर शधिं का इथतेमाल कर विए गए बयान जैसे होते पड़ी है। बाहरी र्मांड
वलखा, वजसमं नेहू की राजनीवतक मतभेि के बाि भी राटर वनमामण के हं- मानो आरामकता की जंग वछड़ी ुई है।
सुरिा पर रोजाना 25,000 साझा अवभयान मं एक मैिी-भाव था। और यह हमारी संसि मं वह एक ऐवतहावसक पल था। को इंलियं के मा्यम
ुपये खचम वकए जाने का एकिम से ख्म नहं हो गया- पहली लोकसभा मं राजाजी वारा पेश एक संशोधन को खावरज करते से जाना जाता है, जो
मु्िा उठाया गया था। हमारे सांसिं मं िेिं और ववववधतां का ुए नेहू ने कहा था, 'िेवखए, राजाजी बुमत मेरे आ्चयय और लजञासा
भारत मं उस समय गरीब के जीवन थतर (वजसकी शानिार संगम था; वजसमं िूर-िराज के इलाकं साथ है।' इस पर राजाजी का जवाब था, 'हां, की भावना जगाता है।
रोजाना की आय तीन आना थी) को िेखं, तो यह की भी नुमाइंिगी थी। यह िेश की वकथमत थी, वक जवाहरलाल, बुमत आपके साथ है, लेवकन तकफ मेरी समझ से क्पना
काफी गंभीर ववषमता थी। नेहू ने इस पर बहस इसे आजािी के बाि नेहू, पटेल और लोवहया मेरे साथ है।' चचाम का वनमन थतर हमारे राटरीय और अनुभूलत के
के िौरान योजना आयोग के आंकड़े पेश करते ुए जैसे वि्गज वमले, वज्हंने वबना अस्य ुए और ववमशम को िवतवबंवबत करता है। हमारी बहस अब लिलतज का भी लवथतार
िावा वकया वक गरीब की रोजाना की आय 15 वाहवाही की परवाह वकए वबना पूरी वश्ित से शवतत का ििशमन बन चुकी है, शायि रात आठ तभी होता है, जब ञान का लवथतार होता है।
आना है। लोवहया और नेहू के बीच लंबी बहस वववभ्न मु्िं पर चचाम करते ुए लोकतांविक बजे की खबरं के बुलेवटन के वलए। लोकलुभावन आ्चयय की भावना असीम ूप से बढ़ती है।
ुई। इस िौरान एक के बाि एक सांसिं ने बोलने तेवर को धार िी। जैसा वक एक बार नेहू ने कहा मु्िे उठाने की चाह ने भाषणं मं बचकानापन ला मुझे बरसात के मौसम मं बचपन के कुछ
के वलए वमला अपना तय समय भी इन िोनं महान था, संसिीय लोकतंि ढेर सारे नैवतक गुणं की विया है, सथती बयानबाजी थटाइल बन गया है। अनुभव अब भी सहज ूप से याद हं। लबजली
वततां के वलए ्याग विया, तावक इस मु्िे पर मांग करता है- 'काम के िवत खास तरह का वनजी तौर पर चोट पुंचाने वाली या वनजी थटोरी
बहस अपने ंजाम तक पुंच सके। वफर भी, यह संसद सांसदो् को चच्ााओ् मे् वहस्सा समपमण' और 'सहयोग के तमाम उपाय, आ्म- उठा लेने से कोई मकसि हल नहं होता। कभी
जब चमकती थी, तो उसका रकाश बादल के
एक टुकड़े से दूसरे टुकड़े की तरफ लनकल
बहस स्य थी, वजसमं बुलंि िावं की ऊंचाई लेकर आलोचना करने, चुनौती देने, अनुशासन और संयम।' इ्हं त्वं की िवतमूवतम रॉकेट लांवचंग के बारे मं चचाम होती थी, अब यह
जाता था। अपने घर के बरामदे से लबजली को
और वचंताजनक हालात के आंकड़े थे; न कोई पूवम िधानमंिी वाजपेयी ने रेय लेने की होड़ मं िाचीन इवतहास पर वकसी के ृवटटकोण पर कंवित
टोकाटाकी, न ही आरामकता का ििशमन। पर समथ्ान देने और वास््ववक बदलाव शावमल होने के बजाय गठबंधन धमम वनभाने मं है। एक समय था वक राजनीवतक भाषण सममावनत चमकते ुए देखकर आसपास लकसी के न
होने पर मं खुशी मं खूब नाचता था। आज मं
हमारी राजनीवतक चचामं अब कठोर हो गई हं। लाने का मौका देती है। हम बेहतर और राजनीवतक ववचारधारा से परे जाकर कला माना जाता था।
जानता ूं लक लबजली तया चीज है। हालांलक
वहंिू कोड वबल पर ुई चचाम को याि कीवजए। वाथतववक संसिीय उपलवधधयां िजम कं। जनता पर अपनी बातं से असर डालने वाले
1948 मं बी.आर. ंबेडकर के नेतृ्व मं तैयार प््वतवनवियो् के हकदार है्। माना जाता है वक संसि बुलंि सोच वाले जननेतां ने विशा, समथमन और मजबूती िेकर अब वह हमारे घर की एक सदथय बन गई है,
इस वबल का मसौिा बेहि वववािाथपि था, वजसके वततां का संगम होगी, वजसमं जमीन से जुड़े इस लोकतंि को आकार विया, चाहे वे नेहू हं, लेलकन उसके बारे मं मेरी हैरानी और बढ़ी ही
वारा वहंिुं, जैवनयं, बौधं और जनजावतयं पर वरंण गांधी, भािपा सांसद लोग भी हंगे। कभी समय था, जब संसि की बके हं या चवचमल हं । जन-मंच, जो वक संसि है। इसी तरह की हैरानी मुझे मनु्यं की िमता
लागू होने वाले वववभ्न वैयवततक और नागवरक चचामं मह्वपूणम राटरीय और ंतरराटरीय मु्िं वाथतव मं है, आधुवनक सांसिं को चचामं मं को लेकर होती है, लजसने इस आसमानी
कानूनं को ख्म करके उनकी जगह संवहताबध पर कंवित होती थं। एक बार तो अगथत 1950 मं वहथसा लेकर अपने भाषण से आलोचना करने, अ्सरा पर लवजय रा्त कर उसे धरती पर
कानून लागू वकया जाना था। इस कानून वारा जावत की, 'वहंिू धमम खतरे मं है।' ंबेडकर जैसे लोगं और 'वसववल नाफरमानी, असहयोग और संसि का सि कोवरयाई युध को ही समवपमत था। चुनौती िेने, समथमन िेने और वाथतववक बिलाव उतारा। वाथतव मं वैञालनक ञान का्या्मक
का वैधावनक मह्व ख्म वकया जाना था, तलाक का कहना था वक वहंिू समाज को समय के साथ स्यारह' को छोड़ िेने का आरह करता है। भारत इस ववरासत को िेखते ुए कोई भी राजनेतां से लाने का मौका िेता है। सृजना्मक संसि (जहां क्पना के पंख को सच की ताकत रदान
मुमवकन बनाया जाना था और ववधवां व बिलना होगा। के पहले उपरह को ंतवरि मं छोड़े जाने के मौके उममीि कर सकता है वक मौका पड़ने पर वे कानून पर जबरिथत बहस होती है) का यह करता है, लजससे कलवता एक नई ताकत
मवहलां को भी संपवि मं अवधकार विया जाना इसके अलावा कुछ और महान भाषणं को याि पर इंविरा गांधी की वखंचाई करते ुए पीलू मोिी जनमत को मोड़ िेने और ववधायी गवतरोध को ववचार हमारे राटरीय ताने-बाने मं िशकं से मौजूि
था। वहंिू कोड वबल पर 50 घंटे से ्यािा बहस तोड़ने की ताकत रखने वाला िभावशाली भाषण है। हम बेहतर संसिीय िवतवनवधयं के हकिार हं- हालसल करती है।
कीवजए, जो हमारी संसि की यािगार वनशावनयां कहते हं, 'मैडम िाइम वमवनथटर, हम जानते हं वक
-ञानपीठ से स्मालनत मलयालम कलव
चली। संसि मं इस वबल की रॉलेट ऐतट से तुलना बन चुके हं। 1949 मं ंबेडकर का रामर ऑफ हमारे वैञावनकं ने ववञान के िेि मं बड़ा किम िंगे, लेवकन यह वततृ्व-कला अब गायब ही खराब िवतवनवधयं को हमं चुनाव मं खावरज कर
की गई और डॉ. राजंि िसाि जैसे वि्गज ने इसे एनाकीम भाषण 'अनशन को हमारे सामावजक और उठाया है, लेवकन अगर आप हमारा ञानवधमन करं विखती है। इसके चम्कारी असर की बात तो खैर िेना चावहए। हमं यह म्ययुगीन कचरा साफ
भेिभाव वाला बताया। कुछ सिथयं ने वट्पणी आवथमक ल्यं को हावसल करने का तरीका' बनाने वक हमारे फोन तयं काम नहं करते, तो हम जाने ही िीवजए। अब भाषण ्यवतत-कंवित, िूसरं करना ही होगा।
हजरराली और रासंंा
मंजिलें और भी हैं
मालविका अय्यर
ढो्गी बाबाओ् के चंगुल मे् शुभाश््ी, पोस्टर और
िह आईना
बिना हाथं के क
भी आसाराम, कभी राम रहीम और
कभी वीरंि िेव िीवित। ये सबके सब
मशूर बाबा तो थे ही इनके आरमं मं
इन बाबाओ् के पास न केिल बेशमु ार संपव्ि् है, बल्कक लग्जरी कारो् का कावफला भी होता
है। इनकी जीिन शैली देखकर दुवनया के अमीर लोग भी गश खा सकते है,् मगर ये भोग-
शुभारी की कहानी, जिसकी सोच को
चंद रेरणादायी पंजतियं नेे बदल जदया
और उसमं िोश भर जदया।
बढ़ने लगी थी। यही कारण रहा जक मंने जद्ली ्कूल से एमएसि््यू और
94%
त्कालीन रा्रपजत िॉ. एपीिे अ्दुल कलाम से जमलने के जलए रा्रपजत भवन ओर रखने का आिेश विया। जब उसे सुविया को एक बड़ा-सा शीशा वहां रखा ुआ है और
की ओर से आमंरण भी जमला था। जकसी ने सच ही कहा है जक, गलत मनोभाव बगल मं एक बड़े से चाटट पेपर पर ललखा
लौटाया जाने लगा, तो वह बोली ‘आयम! मेरी
91%
91%
91%
ही िीवन की एकमार जवकलांगता है। मेरे मन मं एक अलग रकार की उ्मीद था, आपका कंपनी मं एक बार लफर थवागत
जिंदा थी। मुझे प्का भरोसा था जक मेरा शरीर भले ही अधूरा हो गया हो, पर
थवावमनी के पहनने यो्य यह अलंकार नहं रह गया सतंसंग है। कंपनी तभी लवकास करेगी, जब आप
है। आपके हाथ से छू गई वथतु को वह ववहार की
इससे मेरी जिंदगी की पूणषता पर कोई असर नहं पड़ेगा। लवकास करंगे। कंपनी का माहौल तभी खुश
इस हालत मं भी सामाजिक सरोकारं के जलए मेरा हौसला देखकर मुझे कई
संपवि मानती हं।’ सुविया ने ववशाखा के उिार िान की िशंसा की।
वह ववहार के िरवाजे पर लौट गई; ववशाखा रथ रोककर उसकी रहेगा, जब आप खुश रहंगे। आपकी
जवदेशी सं्थां से अपने यहां मोजटवेशनल ्पीच (रेरक भाषण) देने के जलए सफलता, खुशी और लवकास का अगर कोई
बुलाया िाने लगा। संघषष भरे जदनं मं मां की कही वह बात मुझे हमेशा याद ितीिा कर रही थी। थथववर आनंि िासी के कथन से वववथमत थे। वह
ववशाखा के ्याग और िानशीलता से िस्न थे। ववशाखा ने सोचा वक श्स लज्मेदार है, तो वह आप खुद हं।
रहेगी, िब उ्हंने कहा था, आईने के सामने खड़ी होकर मु्करा के देखो, कंपनी बदलने से आप नहं बदल सकते।
तु्हं अपनी सूरत दुजनया मं सबसे सुंदर जदखेगी। महालता-िसाधन का वभिु-संघ के वलए िूसरी तरह से भी सिुपयोग हो
खीरा टमाटर तरबूज कमरख स्ट्ाबेरी चकोतरा सकता है। िूसरे विन वह तथागत के पास आकर बोली, ‘भंते, सुनारं आशा है, आपका नया जीवन सुखकर
मंने कई लोगं को देखा है, िो अपनी जिंदगी से परेशान जदखते हं। वे सोचते हं होगा। उस लदन के बाद से, शुभारी मं एक
जक कोई बुरी बात उ्हं के साथ ही ्यं ुई। मुझे लगता है जक ऐसी सोच ही ने िसाधन का मूकय नौ करोड़ ुपये वनवचचत वकया। वह रावश आपकी
सेवा मं हावजर है।’ तथागत बोले, ‘तुमहारे िान की मयामिा थतु्य है। नया जोश भर गया।
उनके ंदर नकारा्मकता का रसार करती है। िूरत है तो बस इसी सोच
को बदलने की। ववहार के पूवम िरवाजे पर संघ के वलए वासथथान का वनमामण उवचत बस अपनी सोच बदलने से ही सचमुच बुत
-विवि्न साषा्कारं पर आधावरत। है।’ िसाधन के मूकय से भ्य िासाि का वनमामण कराया गया। कुछ बदल जाता है।
स््ोत- themysteriousworld.com -सुदशशन बसंह
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