12

12
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Who was the very first person(s) to be granted a divorce in England?
A. John Manners
B. Henry VIII
C. Lord Roos
D. both a and b
2. On the basis of the most recently available information, the racial-ethnic group with the highest
divorce rate in the United States is
A. Asian.
B. African American.
C. non-Hispanic white.
D. Native American.
3. All of the following were official reasons for divorce in the era of divorce tolerance, except
A. mental cruelty
B. habitual drunkeness
C. emotional dissatisfaction
D. nonsupport
4. The typical waiting period for a divorce in the United States is _____, which is _____ than most
other Western countries.
A. one year or less; lower

B. two years; higher
C. five years; higher
D. three years; lower
5. Joint legal custody between divorcing parents is primarily valuable as _____ in contemporary
U.S. society.
A. a symbol of both parents' continuing responsibility for their children

B. a symbol of the mother's continuing responsibility for her children
C. a means of men's retaining active, regular involvement in their children's lives
D. a means of women's retaining active, regular involvement in their children's lives
6. Women's employment in the United States has had the effect, overall, of
A. reducing the likelihood of divorce.

B. keeping the divorce rate stable.
C. making divorce more likely.
D. not affecting the divorce rate.
7. Which of the following individual risk factors increases the likelihood of divorce?
A. premarital cohabitation
B. young age at marriage
C. being African American
D. all of the above
8. In the era of restricted divorce, countries with that were predominantly __________ were more
liberal about divorce.
A. Catholic
B. Muslim
C. Protestant
D. Anglican
9. Which of the following was not grounds for divorce in the American colonies?
A. adultery
B. desertion
C. extreme violence by a husband
D. financial difficulties
10. Today, looking at the divorce rates as they are, we can say that they have _________________
as they were in the 1980s
A. remained relatively the same

B. increased sharply
C. increased slightly
D. decreased slightly
11. In the era of restricted divorce, men were more likely to be granted a divorce based on adultery
than women. This was due primarily to the fact that
A. men were more jealous than women.

B. in an agricultural-based economy, men needed to control labor (children) by controlling sexual
access to their wives.
C. the court system was male-dominated and thus biased in favor of men.
D. all of the above
12. Which of the following were not grounds for divorce during the era of divorce tolerance?
A. mental cruelty
B. habitual drunkenness
C. irreconcilable differences
D. failure to provide for one's wife
13. One of the most consistent findings of the research into the effects of divorce is that
A. mothers are often bitter and emotionally distraught.

B. children recover rather quickly.
C. fathers after divorce are not as involved with their children as they may have been before.
D. fathers resent paying alimony.
14. The woman that is least likely to obtain a legal divorce after separation?
A. a Mexican American woman

B. a white woman
C. an African American woman
D. an Asian American woman
15. Of the following couples, which one is the least likely to divorce in contemporary U.S. society?
A. couples with the same religious background

B. couples where the wife is much older than the husband
C. couples who married as teenagers
D. couples with significant age differences
16. On the basis of what we know of the currently available research reports, children of divorced
parents
A. experience a crisis period after the divorce.

B. resume normal development within two years after the divorce.
C. a minority of them may experience problems into adulthood
D. all of the above
17. African American women in the United States have a higher likelihood of separating from their
husbands and are __________ to turn these separations into divorces than other women.
A. less likely
B. quicker
C. less reluctant
D. none of the above
18. Couples who have cohabited prior to marriage have a _____ likelihood of divorcing compared to
couples who did not live together prior to marriage.
A. lower
B. higher
C. no different
19. Children who seem fine in the period shortly after the parents' divorce, but experience emotional
difficulties later in life, are said to suffer from
A. delayed anxiety.
B. a delayed reaction called sleeper effect.
C. adult depression.
D. a delayed reaction called latent depression.
20. Historically, annulments were only granted in the following case(s)
A. marriage between close relatives.

B. adultery.
C. if spouses had not engaged in sexual intercourse.
D. both a and c
21. What is the primary reason why couples who cohabit prior to marriage have a higher chance of
getting divorced?
A. less committed to each other

B. weaker commitment to the institution of marriage
C. they love each other less
22. The arrangement whereby divorced parents coordinate their activities and cooperate with each
other in raising their children is commonly referred to as
A. parallel parenting
B. joint legal custody
C. coparenting
D. joint upbringing
23. Single father families now represent ____% of single parent families
A. 11
B. 13
C. 15
D. 21
24. Matching Quiz
1. children spend substantial time in the child support

household of each parent obligations ____
2. both parents retain right to make genetically-
important decisions about their children informed studies ____
3. optional form of marriage designed to
combat high divorce rate annulment ____
4. ruling that a marriage had never been
properly formed legal custody ____
5. mothers are guaranteed by the
government the child support awarded to
her divorce rate ____
6. estimate of lifetime figure of proportion of
current marriages that will end in divorce. co-parenting ____
7. divorced parents gravitate toward a more
detached style about parenting separately. income effect ____
8. women's employment would increase era of restricted
chances of divorce divorce ____
9. cooperation and coordination of divorced
parents in raising their children parallel parenting ____
10. the time where divorce was heavily
controlled and only given on grounds of
adultery or desertion, generally only to men no-fault divorce ____
11. granting of divorce due to irreconcilable independence
differences effect ____
joint physical
12. where children actually live custody ____
13. the right to make important decisions
about children physical custody ____
14. women's employment would reduce joint legal
chances of divorce custody ____
covenant
15. studies of genetic tendency of divorce marriage ____
16. The first period after a divorce when
both custodial parent and the children
experience problems dealing with the new
situation crisis period ____
25. Employed women are less likely to divorce than unemployed women.
True False
26. Many of the original American colonies legalized divorce.
True False
27. Half of all teenage marriages end in divorce within fifteen years.
True False
28. Most of the divorces granted in the United States between 1880 and World War I were granted to
men.
True False
29. Overall, the no-fault divorce laws have had little effect on the number of divorces.
True False
30. Historically, in most cases of divorce, mothers retained legal and physical custody of their
children.
True False
31. Fathers now head 15% of single parent families.
True False
32. Some studies indicate that there is a "divorce gene" that predisposes some people to divorce.
True False
33. The independence effect could explain why women's employment could lower the likelihood of
divorce because of the increase in family income.
True False
34. The "sleeper effect" refers to children of divorced parents who have troubles sleeping at night.
True False
35. African Americans have substantially higher rates of marital separation than most other racial-
ethnic groups.
True False
36. Describe a covenant marriage and how it might complicate both a marriage and a divorce?
37. Why would an African American woman be more likely to divorce than her comparable (in age
and education, for example) white female friend?
38. Give one explanation for why children of divorced parents would be less likely to divorce
themselves as adults, and give one explanation for why they would be more likely to divorce.
39. Discuss the three historical eras of divorce in the United States. Include in your discussion the
approximate dates of each era and what was allowed or not allowed for men and women seeking
divorce in each era.
40. What did Cherlin mean when he said that for many adults and children, a divorce does not signal
the end of changes in their family lives?
41. What makes it so difficult for researchers, government agencies, and others to obtain a
meaningful divorce rate for our country?
42. What led to the era of divorce tolerance?
43. How does legal custody differ from physical custody in a divorce settlement?
44. What are the factors at work that make life difficult for children after the breakup of their parent's
marriage?
45. Why are teenagers more likely to divorce than those people who are older when they marry?
46. What were the effects of no-fault divorce on marriage and the family?
47. What are some of the individual risk factors that increase the likelihood of divorce?
48. How do cohabiters differ from non-cohabiters as a self-selected group?

49. Why would it be difficult to maintain joint physical custody of children following a divorce? What
might be easier about this arrangement?
50. Why might fathers maintain more contact with their children following a divorce than they have in
the past?
51. Describe the major racial and ethnic differences in divorce.
52. What does psychologist Judith Wallerstein mean by the "sleeper effect"? Do you think this is still
accurate today? What have other studies said?
12 Key
1. Who was the very first person(s) to be granted a divorce in England?

(p. 376)
A. John Manners
B. Henry VIII
C. Lord Roos
D. both a and b
Cherlin - Chapter 12 #1
2. On the basis of the most recently available information, the racial-ethnic group with the highest
(p. 386) divorce rate in the United States is
A. Asian.
B. African American.
C. non-Hispanic white.
D. Native American.
3. All of the following were official reasons for divorce in the era of divorce tolerance, except
(p. 378)
A. mental cruelty
B. habitual drunkeness
C. emotional dissatisfaction
D. nonsupport
4. The typical waiting period for a divorce in the United States is _____, which is _____ than
(p. 380) most other Western countries.
A. one year or less; lower

B. two years; higher
C. five years; higher
D. three years; lower
5. Joint legal custody between divorcing parents is primarily valuable as _____ in contemporary
(p. 389) U.S. society.
A. a symbol of both parents' continuing responsibility for their children

B. a symbol of the mother's continuing responsibility for her children
C. a means of men's retaining active, regular involvement in their children's lives
D. a means of women's retaining active, regular involvement in their children's lives
6. Women's employment in the United States has had the effect, overall, of
(p. 384)
A. reducing the likelihood of divorce.

B. keeping the divorce rate stable.
C. making divorce more likely.
D. not affecting the divorce rate.
7. Which of the following individual risk factors increases the likelihood of divorce?
(p. 385-
388)
A. premarital cohabitation
B. young age at marriage
C. being African American
D. all of the above
8. In the era of restricted divorce, countries with that were predominantly __________ were more
(p. 377) liberal about divorce.
A. Catholic
B. Muslim
C. Protestant
D. Anglican
9. Which of the following was not grounds for divorce in the American colonies?
(p. 377)
A. adultery
B. desertion
C. extreme violence by a husband
D. financial difficulties
10. Today, looking at the divorce rates as they are, we can say that they have
(p. 381) _________________ as they were in the 1980s
A. remained relatively the same

B. increased sharply
C. increased slightly
D. decreased slightly
11. In the era of restricted divorce, men were more likely to be granted a divorce based on
(p. 377) adultery than women. This was due primarily to the fact that
A. men were more jealous than women.

B. in an agricultural-based economy, men needed to control labor (children) by controlling
sexual access to their wives.
C. the court system was male-dominated and thus biased in favor of men.
D. all of the above
12. Which of the following were not grounds for divorce during the era of divorce tolerance?
(p. 378)
A. mental cruelty
B. habitual drunkenness
C. irreconcilable differences
D. failure to provide for one's wife
13. One of the most consistent findings of the research into the effects of divorce is that
(p. 390)
A. mothers are often bitter and emotionally distraught.

B. children recover rather quickly.
C. fathers after divorce are not as involved with their children as they may have been before.
D. fathers resent paying alimony.
14. The woman that is least likely to obtain a legal divorce after separation?
(p. 386)
A. a Mexican American woman

B. a white woman
C. an African American woman
D. an Asian American woman
15. Of the following couples, which one is the least likely to divorce in contemporary U.S. society?
(p. 387)
A. couples with the same religious background

B. couples where the wife is much older than the husband
C. couples who married as teenagers
D. couples with significant age differences
16. On the basis of what we know of the currently available research reports, children of divorced
(p. 399) parents
A. experience a crisis period after the divorce.

B. resume normal development within two years after the divorce.
C. a minority of them may experience problems into adulthood
D. all of the above
17. African American women in the United States have a higher likelihood of separating from their
(p. 386) husbands and are __________ to turn these separations into divorces than other women.
A. less likely
B. quicker
C. less reluctant
18. Couples who have cohabited prior to marriage have a _____ likelihood of divorcing compared
(p. 386) to couples who did not live together prior to marriage.
A. lower
B. higher
C. no different
19. Children who seem fine in the period shortly after the parents' divorce, but experience
(p. 397) emotional difficulties later in life, are said to suffer from
A. delayed anxiety.
B. a delayed reaction called sleeper effect.
C. adult depression.
D. a delayed reaction called latent depression.
20. Historically, annulments were only granted in the following case(s)

(p. 377)
A. marriage between close relatives.

B. adultery.
C. if spouses had not engaged in sexual intercourse.
D. both a and c
21. What is the primary reason why couples who cohabit prior to marriage have a higher chance
(p. 386- of getting divorced?
387)
A. less committed to each other

B. weaker commitment to the institution of marriage
C. they love each other less
22. The arrangement whereby divorced parents coordinate their activities and cooperate with
(p. 389- each other in raising their children is commonly referred to as
391)
A. parallel parenting
B. joint legal custody
C. coparenting
D. joint upbringing
23. Single father families now represent ____% of single parent families
(p. 393)
A. 11
B. 13
C. 15
D. 21
24. Matching Quiz
(p. 373-
398)
1. children spend substantial time in the child support

household of each parent obligations 5
2. both parents retain right to make genetically-
important decisions about their children informed studies 15
3. optional form of marriage designed to
combat high divorce rate annulment 4
4. ruling that a marriage had never been
properly formed legal custody 13
5. mothers are guaranteed by the
government the child support awarded to
her divorce rate 6
6. estimate of lifetime figure of proportion of
current marriages that will end in divorce. co-parenting 9
7. divorced parents gravitate toward a more
detached style about parenting separately. income effect 14
8. women's employment would increase era of restricted
chances of divorce divorce 10
9. cooperation and coordination of divorced
parents in raising their children parallel parenting 7
10. the time where divorce was heavily
controlled and only given on grounds of
adultery or desertion, generally only to men no-fault divorce 11
11. granting of divorce due to irreconcilable independence
differences effect 8
joint physical
12. where children actually live custody 1
13. the right to make important decisions
about children physical custody 12
14. women's employment would reduce joint legal
chances of divorce custody 2
covenant
15. studies of genetic tendency of divorce marriage 3
16. The first period after a divorce when
both custodial parent and the children
experience problems dealing with the new
situation crisis period 16
25. Employed women are less likely to divorce than unemployed women.
(p. 384)
FALSE
26. Many of the original American colonies legalized divorce.
(p. 377)
TRUE
27. Half of all teenage marriages end in divorce within fifteen years.
(p. 385)
TRUE
28. Most of the divorces granted in the United States between 1880 and World War I were granted
(p. 378) to men.
FALSE
29. Overall, the no-fault divorce laws have had little effect on the number of divorces.
(p. 380)
FALSE
30. Historically, in most cases of divorce, mothers retained legal and physical custody of their
(p. 389) children.
TRUE
31. Fathers now head 15% of single parent families.

(p. 393)
TRUE
32. Some studies indicate that there is a "divorce gene" that predisposes some people to divorce.
(p. 398-
399)
FALSE
33. The independence effect could explain why women's employment could lower the likelihood of
(p. 384) divorce because of the increase in family income.
FALSE
34. The "sleeper effect" refers to children of divorced parents who have troubles sleeping at night.
(p. 397)
FALSE
35. African Americans have substantially higher rates of marital separation than most other racial-
(p. 386) ethnic groups.
TRUE
36. Describe a covenant marriage and how it might complicate both a marriage and a divorce?
(p. 374)
Answer will vary
37. Why would an African American woman be more likely to divorce than her comparable (in age
(p. 386) and education, for example) white female friend?
Answer will vary
38. Give one explanation for why children of divorced parents would be less likely to divorce
(p. 394- themselves as adults, and give one explanation for why they would be more likely to divorce.
400)
Answer will vary
39. Discuss the three historical eras of divorce in the United States. Include in your discussion the
(p. 377- approximate dates of each era and what was allowed or not allowed for men and women
380)
seeking divorce in each era.
Answer will vary

40. What did Cherlin mean when he said that for many adults and children, a divorce does not
(p. 376) signal the end of changes in their family lives?
Answer will vary
41. What makes it so difficult for researchers, government agencies, and others to obtain a
(p. 375) meaningful divorce rate for our country?
Answer will vary
42. What led to the era of divorce tolerance?

(p. 378)
Answer will vary
43. How does legal custody differ from physical custody in a divorce settlement?
(p. 389)
Answer will vary
44. What are the factors at work that make life difficult for children after the breakup of their
(p. 394- parent's marriage?
398)
Answer will vary

45. Why are teenagers more likely to divorce than those people who are older when they marry?
(p. 385)
Answer will vary
46. What were the effects of no-fault divorce on marriage and the family?
(p. 379-
380)
Answer will vary
47. What are some of the individual risk factors that increase the likelihood of divorce?
(p. 382)
Answer will vary
48. How do cohabiters differ from non-cohabiters as a self-selected group?

(p. 386-
387)
Answer will vary
49. Why would it be difficult to maintain joint physical custody of children following a divorce?
(p. 389) What might be easier about this arrangement?
Answer will vary

50. Why might fathers maintain more contact with their children following a divorce than they have
(p. 390- in the past?
391)
Answer will vary
51. Describe the major racial and ethnic differences in divorce.

(p. 386)
Answer will vary
52. What does psychologist Judith Wallerstein mean by the "sleeper effect"? Do you think this is
(p. 397) still accurate today? What have other studies said?
Answer will vary

12 Summary
Category # of Questions
Cherlin - Chapter 12 52

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12

1. Who was the very first person(s) to be granted a divorce in England?

A. one year or less; lower

A. a symbol of both parents' continuing responsibility for their children

A. reducing the likelihood of divorce.

A. remained relatively the same

A. men were more jealous than women.

A. mothers are often bitter and emotionally distraught.

A. a Mexican American woman

A. couples with the same religious background

A. experience a crisis period after the divorce.

A. marriage between close relatives.

A. less committed to each other

1. children spend substantial time in the child support

26. Many of the original American colonies legalized divorce.

31. Fathers now head 15% of single parent families.

42. What led to the era of divorce tolerance?

48. How do cohabiters differ from non-cohabiters as a self-selected group?

51. Describe the major racial and ethnic differences in divorce.

1. Who was the very first person(s) to be granted a divorce in England?

A. one year or less; lower

A. a symbol of both parents' continuing responsibility for their children

A. reducing the likelihood of divorce.

A. remained relatively the same

A. men were more jealous than women.

A. mothers are often bitter and emotionally distraught.

A. a Mexican American woman

A. couples with the same religious background

A. experience a crisis period after the divorce.

20. Historically, annulments were only granted in the following case(s)

A. marriage between close relatives.

A. less committed to each other

1. children spend substantial time in the child support

31. Fathers now head 15% of single parent families.

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #36

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #37

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #38

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #39

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #40

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #41

42. What led to the era of divorce tolerance?

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #42

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #43

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #44

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #45

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #46

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #47

48. How do cohabiters differ from non-cohabiters as a self-selected group?

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #48

Answer will vary

Cherlin - Chapter 12 #49