Belgrade 6 5

Radio Network Planning Tools
Basics, Practical Examples & Demonstration

on NGN Network Planning
Part I
Roland Götz
LS telcom AG
Regional Seminar on evolving network infrastructures to NGN and related

Planning Strategies and Tools, for the CEE, CIS and Baltic States
Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 20-24 June 2005

Lines of Business
Lines of Business
Spectrum Management Consulting Services Engineering Services RF Engineering

Systems & Training (Radio Network Planning) Software Tools
 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 2

Basics, Practical Examples & Demonstration on NGN Network Planning - Part I www.LStelcom.com
Lines of Business –
Consulting Services & Training
Trainings and Seminars

This comprises a wide variety of trainings in the
whole field of telecommunications, including:
‒ Basic- and Expert-seminars for our Software Solutions
‒ Expert trainings for Radio Network Planning (mobile,
microwave, WLL…)
‒ Seminars for Broadcast Planning (RRC04/06, TV, FM, LS TrainingCenter,
Germany
...DAB, DVB, DRM…)
‒ Spectrum Management Workshops
‒ Expert Trainings on Spectrum Monitoring
AIBD - Asia-Pacific
Institute for Broadcasting
ITU Centers of Excellence
Development, Malaysia
Consulting Services & Training
Our Consulting Team includes Spectrum Managers and RF

Specialists, who have managed Spectrum of various countries and
assisted regulators worldwide.
Several hundred person years of experience and capability in:
Feasibility Studies / Expert Surveys
Vendor Selection
Process / Workflow Development
Technical Concepts
Radio Policy
Frequency Planning
Spectrum Operations
Automated Tools
Radio Monitoring
Preparation of Tender Documents

Engineering Services (Radio Network Planning)
Radio Network Planning and Engineering Services
This comprises all sorts of engineering and planning services

relevant to network operators, regulatory organisations and
system suppliers, including:
‒ coverage analysis and studies

‒ frequency planning & coordination services
‒ network design (cellular and transmission)
‒ network implementation
‒ network optimisation: coverage, interferences, capacity
‒ geo data: consulting, generation, conversion and acquisition
‒ project management

RF Engineering Software Tools
Software for Radio Network Planning and Engineering
By use of LS telcom‘s comprehensive software

solutions, clients can perform all essential planning,
optimisation and management tasks, which there are:
‒ Network calculations, dimensioning and analysis
‒ Coverage, frequency and traffic planning as well as market
opportunity simulations
‒ Site planning for base stations; database for existing radio
sites
‒ Management of sites and network elements
‒ Acquisition and maintenance of geo-data
‒ Terrain and field-strength profiles
Software for Fast and Cost-Efficient Rollout and

Operation of Wireless Networks
RF Engineering Software Tools

Mobile Networks Microwave Networks Broadcast Networks
Solutions for fast and cost- Design tool for microwave Design tool for the planning
efficient rollout, operation links, WLL, PMP, WiMAX and coordination of analog
and optimization of mobile (FM,TV) and digital (DAB,
communication networks DVB, DRM) networks
Covers the whole range of Interactive link engineering

mobile network planning Frequency selections
Interference analysis according to ITU
aspects
Channel assignment recommendations and
Multi Technology Support plans
(TETRA, TETRAPOL, 2G, Availability calculation
GSM, CDMA,2,5G, 3G, LF/MF and HF frequency
Flexible report generation
WCDMA) coverage
Implemented ITU-R
recommendations

Basics, Practical Examples & Demonstration
on NGN Network Planning
Radio Network Planning Tools - Basics
Radio Network Planning Tool
Data / Result Output Out

Terrain Data
ERP Network Processor
Coverage Maps
Antenna Pattern
Interference Analysis
Transmitter Data Base Interference Analysis
Compatibility Calculations
Equipment Data
Propagation Prediction Coordination Calculations
Frequency Plans
Channel/Frequency
Traffic Data
Graphical User Interface Assigments
Measurement Data
Frequency Plans
...
Data Management Network Analysis
In Network Simulations
Geo Information System Network Quality Maps
...
Geo Information System
Radio Network Planning Tools -
Basics
Two basic Data Formats
Vector Format Raster Format

Geographical features Forest Lake Geographical region
described as: divided in equally spaced
‒ Points areas (pixel)
‒ Lines
‒ Polylines Road One valued information for
each pixel
e.g.: e.g.:
Names, Contours, Borders, Roads Elevation, Clutter type
Forest Lake Forest Lake
Road Road
Basics
Overview Maps, Road Maps
... used for Display, Visualisation

and Overlay Functionalities
Sources
National
Ordnance Survey
Local Map Suppliers
International Flight Maps
Scales
1:7,500
1:10,000
1:50,000
1:200,000
1:500,000
> 1: 1,000,000

Basics
Satellite based products:

Orthorectified Images
Digital Elevation Models (DEM)
Clutter
Updated roadmaps
Sources: Resolutions:
LandSat7™ 0.2 m
Spot5™ 1 m
IRS 1C/1D™ 10 m
Ikonos™ 35 m
Quickbird™ 100 m

Basics
Topographical Data Elevation Data

... for Calculations and Analysis
DTM – Digital Terrain Model DTM
Elevation of earth surface
DEM – Digital Elevation DEM

Model
Elevation of earth surface +
building height
Building
Elevation of earth surface +
Building
building height
Only at building areas

Basics
... for special Calculations and Analysis

Radio Climatic Zones
Rain Rates
Sea Level Surface Refractivity N0
Electrical ground Conductivity
Population Density

Data Management
Basics
What is the Minimum Set of Data you need

to perform a Basic Coverage Prediction?
• Coordinates of the
Transmitter
• Radiated Power
• Frequency
• Antenna Pattern

Data Management
Basics
What other kind of Data have to be managed and Why?
Data describing the Transmitter/Receiver Data for Tool Administration

antenna user / role
all technical parameters (power range, password
frequency range, sensitivity...) system layout
Data describing the Network Result Data Base
sites coverage maps
cells, sectors, links interference relations
neighbouring relations network analysis results
frequency plans, frequency rasters Libaries
Data describing Interfering Networks antennas
same service other operators transmitters
other services receivers
in other countries frequency rasters/plans

Graphical User Interface
Basics
Working window, spreadsheet, editors ...see Live Tool Demo

Live
Planning Tool Demonstration

Propagation Prediction
Basics
refraction tropospheric effects

Atmospheric Absorption Loss
f>10 GHz
free space Rain Attenuation
f>5GHz
propagation
diffraction
scattering reflection

Basics
Okumura Hata Model 2 1,5GHz 2 GHz
ITU530 Microwave Model 800MHz 70GHz
ITU452 Microwave Model 800MHz 70GHz
Walfish Ikegami Model 800MHz 2GHz
Okumura Hata Model 1 150MHz 1,5GHz
Longley Rice Model 30MHz 40GHz
Aeronautical Model 30MHz 30GHz
Flat Earth Model 30MHz 10GHz
Egli Urban Model 30MHz 10GHz
HCM Model 30MHz 2GHz
ITU370 Model 30MHz 1GHz
ITU 567 Model 30MHz 1 GHz
CEPT Model 30MHz 250 MHz
ITU533 Shortwave Model 3MHz 30MHz
Sky Wave Model 150kHz 1,7MHz
Ground Wave Model 10 kHz 30 MHz
Free Space Model
30 Hz 300 Hz 3KHz 30KHz 300 KHz 3 MHz 30 MHz 300 MHz 3 GHz 30 GHz 300 GHz
VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF

Version 15.05.2002 FF
Basics
ITU-R 370 – Propagation Curves
Free space propagation Free space propagation
heff = 150 m heff = 150 m
propagation curve 50% time propagation curve 1% time

(steady or continuous) (tropospheric)
Basics
Ray-Optical Micro Cell Model

Interference Analysis Interference by Noise
Wanted
field strength F d
Minimum
field strength F min
Noise level F N
Minimum field strength (C/N):

C/N It is a minimum field strength
level which is necessary to fulfil
Noise the signal quality for coverage.
1. Criteria for coverage

Location
of wanted TX Wanted Field Str. > Minimum Field Str.
Fd > F N
14+ 2C4/3N
F min
Coverage area
Interference Analysis Interference by one Transmitter
Nuisance field F n
Wanted
field strength F d Protection ratio
Interfering
field strength F i
Nuisance field:
Interference field strength at the
C/N reference point plus the protection
ratio (C/I) required for the
Noise
considered service.
Coverage area 2. Criteria for coverage

with noise only Wanted Field Str. > Nuisance Field Str.
Fd > F
12
i
A
+3
Coverage area Fn
with one
interfering Tx
Interference Analysis Interference by several Transmitter
Usable field
strength F u Protection ratio
F d
Usable field:
Summation of the nusiance fields of
the interfering tansmitters according
Fi Fi
2 1 to a certain summations algorithm
(maximum, simplified multiplication,
...)
It is the fieldstrength value which is
usable by a possible new site just to
C/N fulfill the condition of coverage (C/I>0)
by the existing interferer situation.
Noise
Coverage area 3. Criteria for coverage

with noise only
Wanted Field Str. > Usable Field Str.
M
d
F > ∑Fjn
j =1
1 23
Coverage area Fu
with several
interfering Tx
Network Processor
Basics
The Network Processor

• produces network-wide results out of the single-
cell-based results
• allows to analyse the radio network BS1
• allows to simulate changes of the network

parameter BS2
• allows to simulate changes of the network design

BS3
• allows to optimise the radio network
• allows to plan the future roll-out phases
BS3 BS2
• produces statistics on the selected results
BS1
each Service needs an own service-specific
Network Processor

Network Processor
Basics
many other service-specific results can be processed by a

powerful Network Processor, like:
• Number of Max Sever • Power Difference

• Number Best Server • Assignment Probability
• Strongest Interferer • Handover Zone
• Level of Strongest Interferer • Requeired Channels
• Coverage Probability • Coding Sheme Area
• Coverage Reserve (GPRS)
• SFN Level Gain
• ...

Live
Planning Tool Demonstration

Data / Result Output
Basics
Import and Export of
Databases and Tables ( Sites, Antennas,…)

Result Files
Measurement Data
in several formats (.txt, .xls, ASCII, .jpg, …)
Export
Export
Planning Tool
Database Import
Import

Data / Result Output
Basics
Printing of Maps and Result Plots
Print Process Preview

Application specific frame
Legend
Print in specific map scale
Specify margins and borders
Multiple printing
Support various paper sizes
Add site specific information

Thank you for your attention !
For more information:
Roland Götz
Phone: +49 (0) 7227 9535 700
Email: RGoetz@LStelcom.com
Web: www.LStelcom.com


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Radio Network Planning Tools

Basics, Practical Examples & Demonstration

Regional Seminar on evolving network infrastructures to NGN and related

Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro, 20-24 June 2005

Spectrum Management Consulting Services Engineering Services RF Engineering

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 2

Trainings and Seminars

Our Consulting Team includes Spectrum Managers and RF

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 4

Radio Network Planning and Engineering Services

This comprises all sorts of engineering and planning services

‒ coverage analysis and studies

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 5

Software for Radio Network Planning and Engineering

By use of LS telcom‘s comprehensive software

Software for Fast and Cost-Efficient Rollout and

Radio Network Planning Tools

Covers the whole range of Interactive link engineering

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 7

Radio Network Planning Tool

Data / Result Output Out

Two basic Data Formats

Vector Format Raster Format

Forest Lake Forest Lake

Overview Maps, Road Maps

... used for Display, Visualisation

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 11

Satellite based products:

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 12

Topographical Data Elevation Data

DEM – Digital Elevation DEM

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 13

... for special Calculations and Analysis

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 14

What is the Minimum Set of Data you need

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 15

What other kind of Data have to be managed and Why?

Data describing the Transmitter/Receiver Data for Tool Administration

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 16

Working window, spreadsheet, editors ...see Live Tool Demo

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 17

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 18

refraction tropospheric effects

 2005 by LS telcom AG Radio Network Planning Tools rgoetz@LStelcom.com 19

Okumura Hata Model 2 1,5GHz 2 GHz

ITU530 Microwave Model 800MHz 70GHz

ITU452 Microwave Model 800MHz 70GHz

Walfish Ikegami Model 800MHz 2GHz

Okumura Hata Model 1 150MHz 1,5GHz

Longley Rice Model 30MHz 40GHz

Aeronautical Model 30MHz 30GHz

Flat Earth Model 30MHz 10GHz

Egli Urban Model 30MHz 10GHz

HCM Model 30MHz 2GHz

ITU370 Model 30MHz 1GHz

ITU 567 Model 30MHz 1 GHz

CEPT Model 30MHz 250 MHz

ITU533 Shortwave Model 3MHz 30MHz

Sky Wave Model 150kHz 1,7MHz

Ground Wave Model 10 kHz 30 MHz

Free Space Model

VLF LF MF HF VHF UHF SHF EHF