Ten Golden Rules

Andreas Wiegenstein
Dr. Markus Schumacher
SAP Security 2014 – Protecting Your SAP Systems Against Hackers And Industrial Espionage
Ten golden rules for coding authorization checks in ABAP
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March 18, Heidelberg
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2011 Virtual
2014 Virtual Forge
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reserved.
My car, my house, my boat, …
Andreas Wiegenstein (Twitter: @codeprofiler)

 Founder of Virtual Forge (Heidelberg), responsible for R&D
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 SAP Security Researcher, active since 2003
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 Received Credits from SAP for 66 reported 0-day Vulnerabilities
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 Speaker at international Conferences
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 SAP TechEd (USA & Europe), DSAG (Europe)
 BlackHat (Europe), Hack in the Box (Europe)
 Troopers (Europe), IT Defense (Europe), RSA (USA)
 Co-Author of „Sichere ABAP Programmierung" (SAP Press, 2009)
 Co-Author of "ABAP Best Practices Guideline (DSAG, 2013/2014)
 Created training class WDESA3 (ABAP Security) @ SAP University
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© 2014
2011 Virtual Forge GmbH | www.virtualforge.com | All rights reserved.
Authorizations in Custom Code

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Ongoing survey, results as of March 12, 2014
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Golden Rule #1
Perform authority checks

General advice
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 Check with your business department, if (and which) authorizations
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are required in order to execute the business logic you provide.
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 As a fallback, analyze code that is similar to your business process for
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authorization checks.
 If authority checks are required for your custom business logic, add
them to your code.
On average there are 866 missing authority checks in custom code.
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Golden Rule #1
Perform authority checks (cont’d)

Specific advice
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Don't rely on S_RFC authorizations. They only determine, *if* a function module can be
invokedremotely.
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They are by no means related to the specific business logic of your
custom code.You don't want
Fourth users with S_RFC * authorizations to be able to issue
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purchase orders or to raise someone's salary. Auditors don't like this either...
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 Don't rely on authorization groups assigned to reports. They are usually coarse
grained, as the same authorization group is used for multiple programs. And they are not
necessarily related to the specific business logic of your custom code.
 Always check start authorizations when using CALL TRANSACTION, as no implicit start
authorization check is performed by the kernel.
 Function module AUTHORITY_CHECK_TCODE
 Since 740: CALL TRANSACTION … WITH AUTHORITY-CHECK
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Golden Rule #2
Perform authority checks according to SAP standard functionality

General advice
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 Always use functionality based on the ABAP command AUTHORITY-
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CHECK in order to perform authorization checks.
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(A common bad practice is to base authorizations on usernames.)
On average there are 187 hard-coded username checks in custom code.
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Golden Rule #3
Check the result of an authority check

General advice
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 Always check the result of sy-subrc after you perform an
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AUTHORITY-CHECK. sy-subrc with value zero means authorization
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sufficient.
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 Since other ABAP commands also change sy-subrc, make sure to
perform the sy-subrc check *immediately* after the AUTHORITY-
CHECK.
On average there are 13 broken authority checks in custom code.
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Golden Rule #4
Perform authority checks for the user that is actually logged on

General advice
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 Only check the authorization of the currently logged on user
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(by avoiding the optional parameter FOR USER).
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On average there are 2 ‘alias’ authority checks in custom code.
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Golden Rule #5
Always use APIs instead of AUTHORITY-CHECK, if they exist

General advice
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 Always use specialized API functions for authorization checks instead of
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AUTHORITY-CHECK.
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Specific advice
 Use AUTHORITY_CHECK_TCODE instead of S_TCODE
 Use AUTHORITY_CHECK_DATASET instead of S_DATASET / S_PATH
On average there are 92 insufficient authority checks in custom code.
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Golden Rule #6
Declare all fields of the authorization object

General advice
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 Always use specialized API functions for authorization checks instead of
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AUTHORITY-CHECK.
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Specific advice
 Always make sure to specify all fields of the authorization object you check.
 If there are fields you don't want to check, mark them as DUMMY in order to
make your intentions explicit.
No meaningful statistical information available at this time.
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Golden Rule #7
Don't use DUMMY values in important fields

General advice
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 Do not use DUMMY values in important authorization fields like 'ACTVT'
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On average there are 8 DUMMY authority checks (ACTVT) in custom code.
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Golden Rule #8
Don't program privileging authorization checks

AUTHORITY-CHECK
Click toOBJECT
edit'S_DEVELOP'
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ID 'DEVCLASS' FIELD '*'
ID 'OBJTYPE' FIELD 'PROG'
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ID 'OBJNAME' FIELD lv_prog
ID 'P_GROUP' DUMMY " Field not required in this context
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ID 'ACTVT' FIELD '03'.
IF sy-subrc = 0.
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READ REPORT lv_prog INTO lt_code.
ENDIF.
General advice
 Avoid "*" values in authorization fields, as they force administrators to grant
unnecessarily high privileges to users
On average there are 2 privileging authority checks (ACTVT) in custom code.
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Golden Rule #9
Make authorization checks early in your business logic

General advice
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 If an authorization check is required for a given business logic, it should be
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checked as early as possible
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Golden Rule #10
Perform authorization checks in order to avoid dumps

Specific advice
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 Always make sure to test for S_DATASET and S_PATH authorizations before
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you open a server-side file.
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Further Information
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Blog Post textrules
“Ten golden styles
for ABAP authorization checks”
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https://www.virtualforge.com/en/blog/post/ten_golden_rules_authorizations_en.html
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©
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Thank you
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Andreas Wiegenstein
CTO
Twitter: @codeprofiler
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Disclaimer
SAP, R/3, ABAP, SAP GUI, SAP NetWeaver and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as
their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and other countries.
All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies. Data contained
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in this document serves informational purposes only.
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Ten Golden Rules

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Andreas Wiegenstein

Dr. Markus Schumacher

Andreas Wiegenstein (Twitter: @codeprofiler)

 Click to edit Master text styles

Ongoing survey, results as of March 12, 2014

Perform authority checks

On average there are 866 missing authority checks in custom code.

Perform authority checks (cont’d)

Perform authority checks according to SAP standard functionality

On average there are 187 hard-coded username checks in custom code.

Check the result of an authority check

On average there are 13 broken authority checks in custom code.

Perform authority checks for the user that is actually logged on

Always use APIs instead of AUTHORITY-CHECK, if they exist

On average there are 92 insufficient authority checks in custom code.

Declare all fields of the authorization object

No meaningful statistical information available at this time.

Don't use DUMMY values in important fields

Don't program privileging authorization checks

On average there are 2 privileging authority checks (ACTVT) in custom code.

Make authorization checks early in your business logic

Perform authorization checks in order to avoid dumps

 Click to edit Master

The authors  Third

© 2014 Virtual Forge GmbH.

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