Sie sind auf Seite 1von 2

Fractures of The Clavicle

Clavicular injuries: Mechanism of injury. Most (94%) clavicular injuries result from a direct
blow on the point of the shoulder, generally from a fall on the side. Less commonly force may be
transmitted up the arm from the fall on the outstreched hand. Fracture is commonest at the
junction of the middle and outher thirds but is also common throughout the middle third and to
lesser extent the outher third. Subluxation and dislocation may involve the acromioclavicular join
and the sternoclavicular join.
Common patterns of fracture : Greenstick fracture are common, particular at the junction
between the middle and outer thirds. Fracture may not be particularly obvous on the radiographs
and it is often helpful in children to have both shoulders included for comparison. The only
abnormality visible in many cases is local kinking of the clavicular contours. (Illu fracture of right
clavicle). Healing of this type of fractures is rapid, and reduction is not required.
Diagnosis : Clinically there is tenderness at the fracture site; some times there is obvious
deformity with local swelling and the patient may support the injured limb with the other hand. In
cases seen some days after injury, local bruising is often a striking feature. Diagnosis is confirmed by
oppropriate radiographs; a single AP projection of the shoulder is usually adequate in the adult.
Treatment : The most important aspect of treatment is to provide support for the weight of
the arm which has lost it is clavicular tie. as a rule this is best achieved with a broad arm sling. (1)
Additional fixation may be obtained by wearing the sling under the clouthes. (2) No other treatment
is needed in greenstick or undisplaced fractures.

Acromioclavicular Injuries
Injury to the acromioclavicular join usually result from a fall in which the patient rolls on the
shoulder. Note that the clavicle is normally attached to the scapulla by acromioclavicular, conoid and
trapezoid ligaments. The scavular component of shoulder abduction requires free
acromioclavicularmovement.
Pathology : Note that : In sub luxations and sprains, damage is confined to the
acromioclavicular ligaments, and the clavicle preserves some contact with the acromion. In
dislocation the clavicle loses all connection with the scapula, the conoid and trapezoid ligament
tearing away from the inferior border of the clavicle. The displacement may be severe and the
ensuing haematoma may ossify.
Diagnosis : The patient should be standing and the shoulder compared. The outer end of
clavicle with be prominent and in cases of damage to the conoid and trapezoid ligaments the
prominence may be quitestriking. Local tenderness is always present. Confirm any subluxation by
supporting the elbow with one hand gently, pushing the clavicle down with the other. Inprovement
in the contour of the outer end of the clavicle with confirm the diagnosis of subluxation or
dislocation.
Radiographs : Displacement of the clavicle by a diameter or more relative to the acromion.
Suggest rupture of the conoid and travezoid ligaments. The radiographs however are offten
fallacious in indicating the severity of the injury. The reason is that spontaneous reduction tends to
occur in recumbency-the position which AP radiographs are normally taken.
Treatment : If there is no gross instability, treat by the use of broad arm sling under the
clothes for 4-6 weeks. Phisioterapy is seldom required and an excellent result is in the rule. Sub
luxation are easily reduced and held by adhesive strapping, but this treatment should not be
employed as early skin reactions will always force abdoment.
Types of injuries that may occur in Soccer

wounds (abrasions/RIP)

wounds can be seen from the signs of the onset of redness on the skin until the skin rips
issued a
blood.
Cramps (muscle spasm/cramp)

muscle spasms caused by the onset of muscle fatigue, dehydration, decreased calcium and
potassium levels in the blood. The most frequent muscle fatigue is the Shank (often referred
to by the term riding calves) though the thigh muscles are also quite susceptible to similar
things. Muscle fatigue will cause pain that varies from mild to moderate. Muscle cramps will
be hard because the muscles doing the contraction (shortening of muscle fibers).

a tear of muscle, severed tendons, tendon rupture (tendon rupture)

traditionally, the second injury that first became known as a sprain. This injury is usually
caused by a lack of warm-up, stretching, or set up hard on the knees/ankles. Rips/disconnect
the tendon is characterized by impaired joint movement

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen