Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Instructions: Box 1 and one (1) of boxes 2-5 must always be completed
Classification:
1. Canadian ECL(s):
2. ECCN(s) (EAR):
3. P-ECCN(s) : P-ECCN 9E991
4. USML (ITAR):
5. P-USML:
PROPRIETARY NOTICE
This document is the property of Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. (“P&WC”). You may not possess, use, copy
or disclose this document or any information in it, for any purpose, including without limitation to design,
manufacture, or repair parts, or obtain TCCA, FAA, or other government approval to do so, without P&WC's
express written permission. Neither receipt nor possession of this document alone, from any source,
constitutes such permission. Possession, use, copying or disclosure by anyone without P&WC's express
written permission is not authorized and may result in criminal or civil liability.
The information contained herein has been set out in summary form and is
provided for general reference purposes only and may be changed without
prior notice. It should not be construed as creating any obligation on the part
of Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. While every care has been taken to avoid
errors, Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. makes no representations about the
accuracy of these guidelines and accepts no responsibility for any error
herein. In no event shall P&WC be liable for any damages whatsoever
resulting from the misuse, misinterpretation, analysis, interpretation or
application of any of the guidelines contained herein. The information
contained herein does not replace or supersede the information contained
in the appropriate airframe or engine maintenance manuals or other official
publications. Always refer to the Pilot’s Operating Handbooks (POH),
Aircraft Flight Manuals (AFM), Engine Maintenance Manuals (EMM),
Service Bulletins (SB) or other Service Information documentation for a
complete text of the approved / recommended procedures and latest
information.
How to Improve?
– Implement specific information & instructions from EMM
– Incorporate key Service Bulletins
– Perform additional line maintenance activities
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.1
ECTM Analysis
• Description
– Trend monitoring of key engine parameters
– Identify “ECTM experts”
• Allows for continuity in analysis
– Use of Designated Analysis Center (DAC) - Subscription
– Use of WebECTM
• Online trend monitoring
– Data recording system (ADAS™, Trend Check™ etc.) enhance durability and
reduce direct operating costs
• through sophisticated aircraft performance & exceedance monitoring and
automated trend sample collection
– Enhance communication between maintenance and flight operations
• Benefits
– Timely interventions upon trend indications
Export Classification: [No Technical Data, USML,
P-USML ECCN: P-ECCN, P-ECCN 9E991] P&WC Proprietary Information For planning purposes only 8
Expertise Environment
Basic Salt / Humidity
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.2
Engine Preservation
• Description
– Preserve engine according to expected storage period
– Help to prevent formation of undetectable corrosion
• Benefits
– Protect investment
– Maintain engine durability
– Potential for enormous savings compared to deficient preservation
– Example of workscope for unpreserved engine
• Inspect gears for evidence of corrosion. If corrosion is present => overhaul type inspection.
• Accessories bench check
• Inspect engine oil filter and replace with new
• Check engine oil total acid number (TAN)
• Replace engine oil
• Run the engine at 80% TO power for ten minutes.
• Remove and inspect RGB chip detector, oil strainer, and main oil filter.
• Additional information, refer to SIL GEN-093
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.3
Oil Level Check
• Description
– Perform oil level check 15 to 20 minutes after engine shutdown
• If more than 30 minutes has passed and dipstick or sightglass indicates low, start
engine and run at ground idle for 5 minutes, then recheck oil level
• Engines from the same model may seek different oil level.
• Benefits
– Avoid overservicing
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.4
Oil Filter Inspections / Replacement
• Description
– It is recommended to inspect initially at 100 hours with extension to relevant
airframe zone inspection based on experience, not to exceed 200 hours.
– Replace / clean (if applicable) oil filter every 1000 hours
• Benefits
– Monitor oil deterioration
– Detect engine core deterioration
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.5
Oil Consumption Monitoring
• Description
– Establish engine oil level consumption per flight hours in centralized location
– Identify potential oil leakage (internal & external)
• Benefits
– Timely interventions based on oil consumptions
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.6
Fuel Nozzle Refurbishment
• Description
– Two Fuel Nozzle Cleaning methods:
• “In-situ” cleaning: introduced for difficult access to fuel nozzles
– Require appropriate tools and cleaning agents
• Recommend “Non in-situ” cleaning
• Deteriorated fuel nozzles can accelerate hot section deterioration
– Adjust interval ( or ) according to fuel nozzle tip replacement rate and hot
section condition
– Optimize fuel nozzle refurbishment interval
• Benefits
– Increase hot section life
Video
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.7
Borescope Equipment
• Description
– Borescope unit with high resolution and digital picture
capability
– Monitor progress of deterioration
– Archive and communicate results
• Benefits
– Proper diagnosis compared to premature engine removal
due to incorrect interpretation
– New SIL to be issued for equipment recommendations
– Video
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.8
Borescope Inspection
• Description
– Monitor condition of gas path components
– Identify “borescope specialists”
– Provide specialized training and foster expertise
– Allows for consistency in method and continuity in
analysis of results
– Reports of borescope inspections should be sent to the
borescope specialist for analysis and adjustment of
maintenance plan
• Benefits
– Detect premature hot section distress
– Repair vs un-repairable
– Video
Export Classification: [No Technical Data, USML,
P-USML ECCN: P-ECCN, P-ECCN 9E991] P&WC Proprietary Information For planning purposes only 18
ENGINE BORESCOPE
Borescope Inspection of the hot section to be done at the same time as the fuel
nozzle inspection. Ref. SIL PT6A-116
Borescope all small PT6A models via the exhaust duct to inspect CT Blades trailing
edge, in addition to the hot section borescope.
Export Classification: [No Technical Data, USML,
P-USML ECCN: P-ECCN, P-ECCN 9E991] P&WC Proprietary Information For planning purposes only 19
ENGINE BORESCOPE
Care of borescope
The Borescope is fragile and vulnerable to radiation, shock, twisting and pinching.
Excessive twisting of the Fiberscope can sever optic fibres. Do not rotate Fiberscope
tip by turning the eyepiece only. Assist rotating motion of the eyepiece with one in
the same direction at part of fiberscope closest to entry into the engine.
Heat can damage the borescope. Engine temperature should be less than 66ºC
(150F) before an inspection can be carried out. The normal cooling period is 40
minutes after engine shut down. If required carry out dry motoring runs to accelerate
cooling.
Make sure the tip of the borescope is securely attached. You do not want it
to drop off inside the engine!
Evaluation of Damage:
Compare with limits in engine maintenance manual
Try to find a feature of known size against which to compare the damage,
length or width of airfoil, cooling holes, etc
Take photos & forward to P&WC - again include feature of known size.
Take pictures normal (right angles) to the damage I.e. from the best viewing angle
– Use the stereoscopic measurement system if the borescope has it.
– Sometimes a sketch is better than a picture.
– Provide an explanation of what is in the picture and the concerns.
– Close up pictures are rarely of any use, pictures taken as far away as
possible are usually much better.
– Don’t take pictures of holes, it is the remaining material that is of interest!
Borescope Inspection of the hot section to be done at the same time as the
fuel nozzle inspection, introduced in all PT6A maintenance manuals.
Issued to borescope all small PT6A models via the exhaust duct to inspect
CT Blades trailing edge, in addition to the hot section borescope.
Salt
(Atmosphere)
+ Sulfur Compounds
(Fuel & Pollution)
+(Airborne
Silica
dust)
+
Specific Temperature
(Normal Engine Operation)
Compressor Shroud
External wash
External
External required
Washes
washes you can also
Required
also required
use corrosion inhibitors
Export Classification: [No Technical Data, USML,
P-USML ECCN: P-ECCN, P-ECCN 9E991] P&WC Proprietary Information For planning purposes only 34
Typical Examples of Corrosion
• Benefits
– Desalinate compressor and turbine
– Respect sequence
• Compressor wash immediately followed with turbine wash
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.11
Corrosion Inhibitors
• Description
– Application of corrosion inhibitors on external engine and inlet areas
– Protect magnesium or aluminium cases from corrosion.
– While corrosion inhibitors will not halt or completely prevent corrosion, they can reduce
the rate at which corrosion occurs
• Benefits
– Minimize corrosion damage
– Repairable vs unrepairable
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.12
Engine Indicating
• Description
– Perform ITT and Torque calibrations at regular interval
• 1,000 hours or annual
• Benefits
– Accurate reading
– Quality ECTM data
– Minimize troubleshooting
Best
1.0 Engine Line Maintenance Practice
1.13
TBO & HSI
• Description
– Evaluate current fleet for appropriate TBO options
• Fleet size
• Mission profile
• Hours flown per year
• Benefits
– Large fleet, high activity => Option A (500 hour increment – fleet)
– Corporate, low activity => Option B (Individual serial number)
How to Improve?
– Implement higher standards
– Shorten maintenance intervals for specific Aircraft Maintenance Manual tasks
Best
2.0 Aircraft Line Maintenance Practice
2.2
Propeller Balancing
• Description
– Propeller dynamic balancing upon blade change or once a year
• Benefits
– Reduce vibrations and potential damage to sensitive accessories
Best
2.0 Aircraft Line Maintenance Practice
2.3
Bleed Air Checks
• Description
– Perform at regular intervals to detect bleed air leaks
• Confirm positive closing
• Benefits
– Reduce unnecessary load (higher ITT) on engine across operating range
– Increase hot section life
How to Improve?
– Implement new operational procedures
– Modify engine handling practices
Best
3.0 Operations / Engine Handling Practice
3.1
A/C Bleed OFF During Engine Start & Take-off
• Description
– Select A/C Bleed OFF during take-off segment to reduce load (ITT) on engine
– Ensure to follow POH instructions at all times
• Benefits
– Lowest engine ITT as possible
– Increase hot section life
Best
3.0 Operations / Engine Handling Practice
3.3
Assisted Engine Start
• Description
– Start both engines with GPU or Battery Pack
• Benefits
– Reduce maximum engine ITT
– Ensure maximum engine cranking power during cold weather start
– Increase hot section life
Best
3.0 Operations / Engine Handling Practice
3.4
Cool Down Before Shutdown
• Description
– It is recommended to let the engine runs for 2 or more minutes before shutdown
• Stable at the lowest obtainable ITT
• Benefits
– Reduce oil coking in air seals and bearing cavities
Best
3.0 Operations / Engine Handling Practice
3.5
Climb Setting
• Description
– Select Climb setting at earliest opportunity after takeoff based on obstacle clearance
• Benefits
– Reduce engine ITT
Best
3.0 Operations / Engine Handling Practice
3.6
Reduced Power Operation
• Description
– Use of lower power settings in climb and cruise if applicable as per POH
– Setup lower ITT limits (internal procedure)
• Benefits
– Reduce engine ITT
Best
3.0 Operations / Engine Handling Practice
3.7
Foreign Object Damage Protection
• Description
– Use of inertial separator while taxiing
• Video
– 0.250” Inlet Screen mesh
• Benefits
– Reduce the risk of FOD
How to Improve?
– Close tracking of engines and planning of removals
– Involvement in engine workscope
– Incorporate key Service Bulletins
Best
4.0 Engine Shop Workscope Practice
4.1
Engine Specialist
• Description
– Dedicated specialist to follow engines in operation and at shop
– Track engine times, cycles, LCF components
– Plan shop visits and define engine workscopes
– Highly recommended to attend PT6A Heavy Maintenance course
• Benefits
– Reduce operating costs by increasing time-on-wing and containing shop visit costs
Best
4.0 Engine Shop Workscope Practice
4.2
Service Bulletin Selection
• Description
– Incorporate to optimize engine durability and reliability
– P&WC recommended Service Bulletin (SB) incorporation
• Compliance Code 1 to 6
• Based on technical merit, service experience and current configuration status
• Benefits
– Increase engine reliability / cost efficiency
Best
4.0 Engine Shop Workscope Practice
4.3
Define Workscope
• Description
– Define workscope based on past experience, shop findings and expected time-on-wing
– Work close to shop to define workscope based on teardown findings and expected
time-on-wing
– Define a baseline specification based on:
• MIN SB List + Optional SB’s (CC 8)
• Commercial Support Programs
– Part Condition (new, refurbished, serviceable)
• Benefits
– Optimum time-on-wing and contain shop visit costs
Best
4.0 Engine Shop Workscope Practice
4.2
Commercial Support Programs
• Description
– Take advantage of various Commercial Support Programs
• Benefits
– Reduce operating costs
Best
4.0 Engine Shop Workscope Practice
4.3
Genuine P&WC Parts
• Description
– Use genuine P&WC parts to ensure it conforms with engine requirements
• Benefits
– Avoid risking a claim denied by P&WC Warranty for an engine event linked to an
unsupported part
As an extra step, a solvent may be used to flush trapped particles from the engine oil filter.
The solvent is poured through filter paper to collect the debris. This is referred to as a filter
“patch” check.
The filter paper is sent to a laboratory for analysis. Laboratory techniques can be used to
determine the alloy of the particles which helps determine their source. With successive
samples, a wear trend for oil-wetted parts can be established.
Ref. EMM 72-00-00, paragraph 8. Table 601, Periodic Inspections for
recommended intervals
Initial 100 hours & escalate to 200 hours Max. based on inspection results
Policy - Entitled customers will benefit from tuition-free training for regularly
scheduled Line and Base Maintenance (Level 3), WebECTM ® , or PT6 Hot
Section Inspection (HSI) classes at engine learning centres subject to the
following conditions:
- Up to a maximum of 2 tuition-free (entitlement) seats, on any or a combination of the
above courses, per new A/C, valid for 5 years from aircraft delivery date.
- FSI will track entitlement by Aircraft Serial Number.
- FSI will ask customers for the required documentation supporting ownership and delivery
date of aircraft to validate entitlement seats. Entitlement seats will not be granted without
the supporting documentation.
- Entitlement seats are non transferable and may only be used for regularly scheduled
courses at an engine learning centre.
- The enrolled student must be a direct employee of the owner of the aircraft.
- In order to provide fair entitlement access to all customers, enrolment is limited to a
maximum of 2 seats per customer in a regularly scheduled class.
Export Classification: [No Technical Data, USML,
P-USML ECCN: P-ECCN, P-ECCN 9E991] P&WC Proprietary Information For planning purposes only 85
LM TRAINING CONTINUED
On-Line Courses (OLT)
FSI currently offers General Familiarization (Level 1) and Ramp and Transit (Level 2) for
several engine models. These self-paced OLT courses are available for purchase at the -
Ref. Service Information Letter SIL No. GEN-110R1 for further details