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−3 6,82.105
Al2O3 (alfa,s) c p =25,484,25.10 T − [Kub1979]
T2
−3 6,20.10 5
CaCO3 (calcita,s) c p =24,985,24.10 T − [Kub1979]
T2
−3 2,04.105
CO2 (g) c p =10,552,16.10 T − [Kub1979]
T2
−3 0,40.10 5
O2 (g) c p =7,161,0.10 T − [Kub1979]
T2
−3 0,08.105
H2O (g) c p =7,172,56.10 T [Kub1979]
T2
(estado padrão, P=1 atm, as expressões de energia de Gibbs valem somente para a região em
que a fase as fases indicadas são estáveis)
CaCO3 (calcita,s) => CaO (s) + CO2 (g) G o=40250−34,4T cal. [Kub1979]
Fe3O4 (s) => 3 FeO (s) + 0,5 O2 (g) Go =74620−29,9 T cal. [Kub1979]
3 Fe2O3 (s) => 2 Fe3O4 (s) + 0,5 O2 (g) Go =59620−33,62 T cal. [Kub1979]
0,5 H2 (g) + 0,5 Cl2 (g) => HCl (g) Go =−217700,99T log T −5,22 T cal. [Kub1979]
MgO (s) => Mg (l) + 0,5 O2 (g) Go =1816007,37 T log T −75,7 T cal. [Kub1979]
o
NiO (s) => Ni (s) + 0,5 O2 (g) G =62650−25,98T cal. [Kub1979]
ZnO (s) => Zn (s) + 0,5 O2 (g) Go =841006,9 T log T −44,14 T cal. [Kub1979]
ZnO (s) => Zn (l) + 0,5 O2 (g) Go =11542010,35 T log T −82,38 T cal. [Kub1979]
Cobre:
Coeficiente de expansão térmica volumétrica do cobre sólido (líquido): 49,5.10-6 K-1
Massa específica do cobre sólido (temperatura de fusão): 8458 kg/m3
Massa atômica: 63,546 g/mol
Temperatura de fusão: 1357,77 K
entalpia de fusão: 13100 J/mol
Massa específica do cobre líquido (temperatura de fusão): 7955 kg/m3
Referências
[Kub1979] Kubaschewski, O; Alcock, C. B.; Metallurgical Thermochemistry, 5a edição, Pergamon
Press, Oxford, 1979.
[NIST] http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ , acessado em 18/04/2009.
Reaction: TiO2 = O2 + Ti
TiO2 stable as RUTILE (a 298,15K)
O2 stable as GAS
Ti stable as TI_S
****************************************************************
T Delta-Cp Delta-H Delta-S Delta-G
(K) (Joule/K) (Joule) (Joule/K) (Joule)
****************************************************************
298.15 -5.52724E-01 9.44000E+05 1.85247E+02 8.88769E+05
300.00 -6.72890E-01 9.43999E+05 1.85243E+02 8.88426E+05
400.00 -4.52905E+00 9.43704E+05 1.84421E+02 8.69936E+05
500.00 -5.83556E+00 9.43174E+05 1.83244E+02 8.51552E+05
600.00 -6.24376E+00 9.42566E+05 1.82136E+02 8.33284E+05
700.00 -6.31946E+00 9.41936E+05 1.81166E+02 8.15120E+05
800.00 -6.29900E+00 9.41305E+05 1.80323E+02 7.97047E+05
900.00 -6.29974E+00 9.40676E+05 1.79582E+02 7.79052E+05
1000.00 -6.27895E+00 9.40047E+05 1.78919E+02 7.61128E+05
1100.00 -6.25722E+00 9.39420E+05 1.78322E+02 7.43266E+05
1155. ---- TI becomes TI_S2 ,delta-H = 4170.00
1200.00 -1.14930E+01 9.42734E+05 1.81192E+02 7.25303E+05
1300.00 -1.18354E+01 9.41566E+05 1.80257E+02 7.07231E+05
1400.00 -1.19942E+01 9.40373E+05 1.79373E+02 6.89250E+05
1500.00 -1.19912E+01 9.39172E+05 1.78545E+02 6.71355E+05
1600.00 -1.18415E+01 9.37980E+05 1.77775E+02 6.53539E+05
1700.00 -1.15559E+01 9.36809E+05 1.77065E+02 6.35798E+05
1800.00 -1.11422E+01 9.35673E+05 1.76416E+02 6.18124E+05
1900.00 -1.06062E+01 9.34584E+05 1.75827E+02 6.00513E+05
1942. ---- TI becomes TI_L ,delta-H = 14146.00
2000.00 -2.46094E+00 9.48172E+05 1.82826E+02 5.82520E+05