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Middle Ages Renaissance

Highest good: salvation of the Highest good: virtuosity or


soul superiority in human
achievements (Greek values)
Centre: God Centre: Human
Self-denial and abnegation Individualism
Religiosity and importance of Secularity and importance of the
the church wealthy merchant class
Faith Reason
Philosophy: Scholasticism Philosophy: Humanism
Manorial system and Economy Urban, commercial and financial
mainly based on agriculture capitalism.
Feudal monarchies City-states republics
Crusades Exploration and expansion.

Renaissance Late Middle Ages


Philosophy: Humanism – Emphasis on Religion dominates Medieval thought.
secular concerns due to rediscovery and study Scholasticism: Thomas Aquinas – reconciles
of ancient Greco-Roman culture. Christianity with Aristotelian science.
Ideal: Ideal:
Virtù – Renaissance Man should be well- Man is well-versed in one subject.
rounded (Castiglione)
Literature: Literature:
Humanism; secularism Based almost solely on religion.
Northern Renaissance focuses also on Written in Latin
writings of early church fathers Church was greatest patron of arts and
Vernacular (e.g. Petrarch, Boccacio) literature.
Covered wider variety of subjects Little political criticism.
(politics, art, short stories) Hand-written
Focused on the individual
Increased use of printing press;
propaganda
Religion: Religion:
The state is supreme to the church. Dominated politics; sought unified
“New Monarchs” assert power over Christian Europe.
national churches. Church is supreme to the state.
Rise of skepticism Inquisition started in 1223; dissenters
Renaissance popes worldly and corrupt dealt with harshly
Sculpture: Sculpture:
Greek and Roman classical influences. More gothic; extremely detailed.
Free-standing (e.g. Relief
Michelangelo’s David)
Use of bronze (e.g. Donatello’s David)
Art: Art:
Increased emphasis on secular themes. Gothic style
Classic Greek and Roman ideals. Byzantine style dominates; nearly
Use of perspective. totally religious.
chiaroscuro Stiff, 1-dimentional figures.
Increased use of oil paints. Less emotion
Brighter colors Stylized faces (faces look generic)
More emotion Use of gold to illuminate figures.
Real people and settings depicted. Lack of perspective.
Patronized largely by merchant princes Lack of chiaroscuro
Renaissance popes patronized Patronized mostly by the church
renaissance art

Architecture: Architecture:
Rounded arches, clear lines; Greco- Gothic style
Roman columns Pointed arches; barrel vaults, spires
Domes (e.g. Il Duomo by Brunelleschi) Flying buttresses
Less detailed Elaborate detail
Focus on balance and form
Technology: Technology:
Use of printing press Depended on scribes
New inventions for exploration
Marriage and Family: Marriage and Family:
Divorce available in certain cases Divorce nonexistent
More prostitution Marriages arranged for economic
Marriages based more on romance. reasons.
Woman was to make herself pleasing to Prostitution in urban areas
the man (Castiglione) Ave. age for men: mid-late twenties
Sexual double standard Avg. age for women: less than 20 years
Increased infanticide old.
Church encouraged cult of paternal
care.
Many couples did not observe church
regulations on marriage.
Manners shaped men to please women.
Relative sexual equality
Status of Women: Status of Women:
Legal status of women declined. Legal status better than in Renaissance
Most women not affected by
Renaissance
Educated women allowed involvement
but subservient to men.
Rape not considered serious crime.
Politics: Politics:
State is supreme over the church. Church is supreme over the state.
New Monarchs assert control over
national churches.
Machiavelli
African slavery introduced. Few blacks lived in Europe.
Exploration and expansion. Crusades

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