Quality Control PV Modules

Santiago Solar

LUMP SUM TURNKEY, ENGINEERING, PROCUREMENT AND CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT

Contract No. _________

Annex 1 Appendix D

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

25‐04‐2016
Rev. 15

Annex 1 Appendix D Quality Assurance 2016 04 25 DRAFT Rev 15.docx 1

Content:
1 General ........................................................................................................................................... 4
2 QA / QC System and Organization ................................................................................................. 4
2.1 QA/QC System ........................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 QA/QC Manager ........................................................................................................................ 4
2.3 Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) / Owners inspection rights ....................................................... 4
2.4 Non‐Conforming Items .............................................................................................................. 5
2.5 Independent Expert .................................................................................................................. 5
2.5.1 Contractor’s Independent Expert (CIE) ............................................................................ 5
2.5.2 Owner’s Independent Expert (OIE) .................................................................................. 5
3 Quality Assurance during Construction and Commissioning ......................................................... 5
3.1 Main Completion Certificates during Construction .................................................................. 5
3.1.1 Tracks and Hardstands Complete ..................................................................................... 5
3.1.2 Foundation Complete (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment) ........................ 6
3.1.3 Mechanical Completion (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment) ..................... 6
3.1.4 Electrical Completion (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment) ......................... 6
3.1.5 Control System completion (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment) ............... 6
3.1.6 Function test Completion (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment) .................. 6
3.1.7 Commissioning Completion (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment) ............... 6
3.1.8 Performance testing of power plant ................................................................................ 7
3.1.9 Acceptance testing and complete facility performance testing ...................................... 7
4 Inspection and Testing of Components ......................................................................................... 7
4.1 Inverter & switchgear ................................................................................................................ 7
4.2 MV/HV Transformer and HV electrical equipment ................................................................... 7
4.3 PV Modules Testing ................................................................................................................... 7
4.3.1 Objective ........................................................................................................................... 7
4.3.2 Application area ............................................................................................................... 7
4.3.3 Reference documents ...................................................................................................... 7
4.3.4 Role and responsibility ..................................................................................................... 8
4.3.5 Module power control procedure .................................................................................... 8

Annex 1 Technical Specification Appendix D
QUALITY ASSURANCE & QUALITY CONTROL
2

Abbreviations / Definitions
AC Alternating Current
AM Air Mass
AME Andes Mining Energy
DC Direct Current
EL Electroluminescence
EPC Engineering Procurement and Construction (the
contractual scheme)
FNTP Full Notice to Proceed
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
HV High Voltage
HV‐TL High Voltage Transmission Line
IE (Contractor’s or Owner’s) Independent Expert
IEC International Electrotechnical Convention
ITL Independent Test Laboratory
ITP Inspection and Test Plan
I‐V (curve) Current‐voltage curve
(k)(M)Wh Kilo or mega watt.hour
LID Light Induced Degradation
LNTP Limited Notice to Proceed
LV, MV, HV Low, Medium, High Voltage
ML Manufacturer Laboratory
OE Owners Engineer
PID Potential Induced Degeneration
PV Photovoltaic
QA Quality Assurance
QC Quality Control
STC Standard Testing Conditions
Defined as: 1000W/m2 at 25°C module
temperature, Air Mass AM1,5
UV Ultra‐violet
VDE Electrotechnical Association of Germany

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1 GENERAL
This document serves as Appendix D, part of “Annex 1 Technical Specification” to the EPC Contract
and therefore constitutes a contractual document. It describes the QA/QC requirements for the
execution of the EPC Contract for the construction of a fully functional PV plant, including substation
and transmission lines (“Project”).
2 QA / QC SYSTEM AND ORGANIZATION
2.1 QA/QC System
Contractor shall implement a state‐of‐the‐art QA/QC system, where all equipment and works are
controlled and tested and properly documented. Contractor shall enforce the QA/QC at his suppliers
and subcontractors, and shall make the existence of such system a pre‐requisite for his procurement.
The QA/QC System shall include, among other items, the following:
‐ Quality Assurance (QA) program,
‐ Inspection & Test Plan for manufactured and supplied materials. This shall include all major
equipment such as for instance Modules, Inverters, Mounting Structures, HV and MV equipment,
‐ Quality Control (QC) and Inspection plan for construction and commissioning,
‐ Establishing and up‐to‐date keeping of all documentation at all phases of construction.
2.2 QA/QC Manager
Contractor shall appoint a designated QA/QC Manager for the complete Project duration, starting
with Limited Notice To Proceed (LNTP) until final acceptance. The QA/QC‐Manager shall have more
than 10 years of work experience and more than 5 years of experience in quality assurance and quality
control for plants with similar complexity. Contractor shall present the QA/QC Manager to Owner for
his approval.
The QA/QC manager shall be responsible for all tasks related to the QA/QC of the project and shall be
the counterpart for the Owners QA/QC representative.
2.3 Inspection and Test Plan (ITP) / Owners inspection rights
Contractor shall prepare a comprehensive Inspection‐ and Test‐Plan for the complete Project, all
subsystems, equipment and components. The ITP shall be submitted to owner after LNTP for approval.
This shall include, but not be limited to the following:
Workshop/Factory Inspection
Owner has the right to inspect all manufacturing facilities and workshops for equipment related to
the Project. EPC Contractor’s QA/QC Manager shall arrange all access and visits with respective
Supplier/Subcontractor. Owner will give a 1 (one) week notice to Contractor for his intended visit.
Witness inspection
Owner reserves the right to attend and witness all relevant inspection for equipment and material
produced and procured for his project. Contractor shall provide a complete inspection plan at the start
of the Project (with LNTP, to be updated with FNTP) for Owner’s review and comment.
Contractor shall invite Owner with at least 2 weeks’ notice of any inspection event, even if dates as
per original schedule are kept.
Construction and Commissioning
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Owner and his designated representatives shall have access to the complete construction site at all
times. Contractor shall provide training on health, safety and environment (HSE) regulations as
required.
Documentation
Contractor shall keep all files updated with a complete set in his site office. Owner has the right to
review and check documentation without prior notice.
2.4 Non‐Conforming Items
The Contractor must maintain a record of all non‐conforming items throughout the duration of the
Project. This should reflect evidence of notification of the non‐conformance to the relevant party and
the suggested course of action or an instruction issued to rectify the situation where necessary.
The Contractor will provide the Employer’s Representative with copies of all non‐conformance notices
issued throughout the duration of the Project. An updated register with evidence of close out of the
non‐conformance where appropriate will be presented for review at the monthly progress meeting.
2.5 Independent Expert
2.5.1 Contractor’s Independent Expert (CIE)
CIE conducts the necessary tests and inspections as required by the EPC Contract (and described
below) at his own costs.
2.5.2 Owner’s Independent Expert (OIE)
Owner shall have the right to select one or several OIE at his own expense to verify the work of the
Contractor if he desires to do so. Contractor shall provide access to all tests, documentation etc to OIE
or to Owner directly.
The Owner will appoint a specific OIE within the frame of the Modules QC described below in 4.3. This
Modules QC and the associated testing and inspection will be at Owner’s costs.
3 QUALITY ASSURANCE DURING CONSTRUCTION AND COMMISSIONING
Contractor shall prepare a detailed construction and commissioning plan and prepare checklists and
certificates for each of the construction phases as listed below.
Certificates shall be provided with original signatures from the supervisor responsible for the specific
part of the work, from the Contractor’s QA/QC manager and Owner’s witnesses prior to hand‐over of
system to next construction phase. All certificates shall be kept and form part of final project
documentation.
All certificates, procedures and inspection check‐lists shall be prepared by the Contractor and
submitted for approval to Owner prior to start of construction work.
3.1 Main Completion Certificates during Construction
3.1.1 Tracks and Hardstands Complete
For each power plant segment, the Contractor shall prove that acceptable quality and CBR values are
reached in order to ensure proper and safe traffic and stability. Based on the technical solution
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selected and the materials used, the Contractor will carry out load bearing capacity tests with static
plates and/or deflectometry tests (depending on the construction technique used).
Minimum CBR shall be 10.
At least one test per 500 linear meters of track and one test per hardstand/crane pad shall be
performed.
3.1.2 Foundation Complete (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment)
For each power plant segment, prior to start of mechanical erection, the foundations shall be checked
and certified to be in accordance with drawings and design requirements in terms of location,
alignment, quality of work and quality of provided materials (e.g. samples of concrete shall be made
and laboratory tested).
3.1.3 Mechanical Completion (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment)
For each power plant segment, mechanical completion shall be checked and certified prior to start of
electrical works. Mechanical completion shall include the complete assembly of mounting structures
and modules. Checks shall verify accordance with construction drawings and manuals, workmanship,
alignment, no damages on materials, etc.
3.1.4 Electrical Completion (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment)
For each power plant segment, electrical completion shall be checked and certified prior to testing of
systems. Checks shall verify accordance with construction drawings, proper routing, bending and
fixing of cables (UV protection, bending protection, etc.), certify the correct connection of each cable,
testing of cable, labeling, etc.
3.1.5 Control System completion (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment)
For each power plant segment, completion of control system and all connected components and
measurements shall be checked and certified prior to testing of systems. Checks shall verify
accordance with construction drawings, proper routing, bending and fixing of cables (UV protection,
bending protection, etc.), certify the correct connection of each cable, testing of cable, labeling, etc.
3.1.6 Function test Completion (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment)
For each power plant segment, function tests shall be conducted according to a specific test plan to
avoid any damage to equipments due to improper sequence or accidental operation.
3.1.7 Commissioning Completion (per power plant subsystem / inverter segment)
For each power plant segment, commissioning shall be conducted according to a specific
commissioning procedure to avoid any damage to equipments due to improper sequence or
accidental operation.
The commissioning procedure shall be provided to the Owner for approval 3 Months prior to start of
Commissioning activities.
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3.1.8 Performance testing of power plant
The completed system shall be performance tested based on specific performance test procedures,
as may be provided within the EPC Contract or be approved by Owner prior to start of construction.
Such performance test will be a mandatory precondition for the Acceptance Test of the complete
power plant for Substantial Completion.
3.1.9 Acceptance testing and complete facility performance testing
Details are provided in the EPC Contract, Appendix A and Appendix D
4 INSPECTION AND TESTING OF COMPONENTS
4.1 Inverter & switchgear
In addition to all standard QA procedures and good practices, thermographic measurements of all
inverters and switch gears during nominal load to identify processing defects or improper
connections.
4.2 MV/HV Transformer and HV electrical equipment
In addition to all standard QA procedures and good practices, all sleeve interconnections and
connections have to be documented with inspection sheets.
4.3 PV Modules Testing
The majority of the tests described in this section will be done in the power plant site (installed module
or in onsite test laboratory). The onsite Test Laboratory will be of recognized prestige and must be
acceptable by all the involved parties: Owner, Contractor and PV Modules Manufacturer.
Owner will execute samples when modules are delivered on site. In case samples show no compliance
with the agreed module specification according to Annex 1 Technical Specification, owner will execute
a module testing process as described below. If any of the selected parts do not satisfy the
requirements as described in this document then contractor shall fulfill the condition as described in
the clause “Testing of Sample Products” of the agreement.
4.3.1 Objective
The objective is to define a QA procedure to evaluate the performance and quality of photovoltaic
modules.
4.3.2 Application area
This process can be used to evaluate the nominal power and general quality of photovoltaic modules
coming from approved or under approval suppliers of Owner.
4.3.3 Reference documents
Proposed tests are based on the following international standards:
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‐ IEC 61215 Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type
approval.
‐ International Standards in testing of PV modules.
The tests will be performed by Owner or Owner’s Representative / OIE and supervised by Contractor
or Contractor’s Representative / CIE based on IEC 61215 standards.
4.3.4 Role and responsibility
The execution of the tests and inspections by the Owner. All test equipment must comply with latest
applicable norms and standards considering industry practice for TIR1 supplier.
- The Contractor (via Module Manufacturer) must provide:
o The modules
o The tolerance ranges
o The module « Flash list » data
o The electroluminescence images

- Owner / OIE must:
o Define the sampling method
o Execute test as listed below
o Provide a report on visual inspection of photovoltaic modules
o Provide results on measured characteristics current‐voltage at STC conditions for
each module sample
o Provide results on LID (Light Induced Degradation) for the sample
o Provide results of Electroluminescence –EL images and defects classifications
o Provide a detailed report on measurement results
o Provide raw data of the done measurements.

4.3.5 Module power control procedure
4.3.5.1 Sampling method
Module samples must be randomly selected from a lot or a sub batch of produced modules (included
in a « flash list »).
Sampling method should be agreed with the Contractor according with the International Standard ISO
2859.
Sampled quantity is detailed in below as agreed by both Parties. The modules must be produced in
the same conditions and using the same manufacturing process as usual. These modules must have
undertaken first an inspection and a quality control as defined by the module manufacturer.
The module sampling to test must be selected according to a statistic method in function of the
nominal power at STC conditions, the manufacturing date and the confidence level of the
manufacturer. This statistic method allows a representative sample to be chosen from the whole
production lot or sub‐batch.
The percentages of modules to be tested will be based in the International Standard ISO 2859:
- The quantities for testing and accordingly for rejection considers a Batch Size of 11440
Modules
- Special Inspection Level according to below table
- Acceptable Quality Level according to below table depending on the test
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Visual Inspection.
Modules Electrical Characteristics
Images with Electroluminescence (EL) camera.
EVA cross linking degree.
Thermography
UV resistance 32
Peel Test
Leakage test
Potential Induced Degradation (PID)

In case of one or more of the previous type of tests fail, Elecnor reserves the right (at its cost)
to retest with presence of OIE the PV modules. In case the test of Client is confirmed (number
of failed modules above acceptable number of failed modules) the relevant batch / sub batch
shall be rejected.
Contractor might test with presence of OIE at his own costs sub batches considering a sample
size based on the same inspection level and based on the same quality requirements as
defined below. In case number of failed modules in the retest are within the required quality
level, these sub batches can be used for the power plant.
The test quantities in the table below are defined for one Batch of 11440 Modules (or 20
container); in case one batch is divided in sub batches upon request of contractor, the number
of tested modules to justify a rejection has to be adapted considering the norm ISO 2859 with
the respective Inspection level as defined for each test in the below table. In case contractor
is requesting such division in sub batches, the additional testing is at contractor costs.

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Table 1: Summary of Sample Selection and Fail Criteria for Module Testing
Number of
Modules for
Test Inspection each batch with
Item Acceptance Criteria Fail Consequence / Comment
Description Level approximately
11440 modules
(20 container)
AQL = 1 for critical defects as Fail: Rejection of Batch
defined below
Failed Module allowed = 3
AQL = 1 for major defects based
on IEC 61215 definition
Visual
4.3.5.2 G-1 125 Failed Module allowed = 3
Inspection.
AQL = 2.5 for minor defects based
on IEC 61215 definition
Failed Module allowed = 7
Fail:
Compensation of reduced output
with additional installed capacity
or
Modules Economical compensation if no
Electrical AQL = 2.5 additional power can be installed
4.3.5.3 G-1 125
Characteristics: Failed Module allowed = 7 based on site restrictions or
Power/I-V/LID approval restrictions
(please refer to detail below)
or
rejection of batch (Contractor
decision)
Fail: Reject of Batch
Images with
Electroluminesce AQL = 1.5
4.3.5.4 G-1 125
nce (EL) Failed Module allowed = 5
camera.
Destructive Testing
Failed Module rejection of both
EVA crosslinking 1 module for 2 No AQL Level batches
4.3.5.5
degree. batches Failed Module allowed = 0 Same Modules will be used both
for EVA Cross Linking Test and
Peel Test
In case of failure additional
4.3.5.6 Thermography 10% Failed modules to be replaced measurements to be agreed
between parties
Destructive Testing
Failed Module rejection of both
1 module for 2 No AQL Level batches
4.3.5.8 Peel Test
batches Failed Module allowed = 0 Same Modules will be used both
for EVA Cross Linking Test and
Peel Test
2 per batch but Fail: Reject of Batch
no less than 1 No AQL Level
4.3.5.9 Leakage test
per MW in Failed Module allowed = 0
average
Potential 2 per batch but
Induced no less than 1 No AQL Level Fail: Reject of Batch
4.3.5.10
Degradation per MW in Failed Module allowed = 0
(PID) average

4.3.5.2 Visual inspection
i. Test description
This test objective is to detect any visual defect on the modules. The Laboratory must inspect carefully
all the modules of the sample with a light intensity superior or equal to 1 000 lux in order to check the
following defects according to Supplier’s visual inspection criteria:
10

‐ Cracked, bent, misaligned or torn external surfaces;
‐ Broken cells;
‐ Cracked cells;
‐ Faulty interconnections or joints;
‐ Cells touching one another or the frame;
‐ Failure of adhesive bonds;
‐ Bubbles or delamination forming a continuous path between a cell and the edge of the module;
‐ Tacky surfaces of plastic materials;
‐ Faulty terminations, exposed live electrical part;
‐ Any other conditions which may affect performance.
Make note of and/or photograph the nature and position of any cracks, bubbles or delamination, etc.
which may worsen and adversely affect the module performance in subsequent tests.

ii. Acceptation criteria
A module design and aspect shall be judged to have passed the visual qualification tests, if each test
sample meets the following criteria:
‐ No broken, no cracked and no torn external surfaces, including superstrates, substrates, frames
and junction boxes;
‐ Both of horizontal and vertical dislocation of cell strings (maximum exposure of cell bus bar
metallization) ≤ 2mm with offset length;
‐ The junction box should be parallel to the backsheet or frame.
‐ No bent and no misaligned external surfaces, including superstrates, substrates, frames and
junction boxes to the extent that the installation and/or operation of the module would be
impaired.
‐ No crack in a cell the propagation of which could remove more than 10% of that cell’s area from
the electrical circuit of the module;
‐ No bubbles and no delamination forming a continuous path between any part of the electrical
circuit and the edge of the module;
Loss of mechanical integrity, to the extent that the installation and/or operation of the module would
be impaired.

Test execution: Test to be done before installation of module in the onsite
laboratory. Time between arrivals of relevant container to
site to fail report maximum 20 calendar days

Quantity to be tested: According to ISO 2859: Inspection Level G1 normal
inspection.

AQL‐Level: 1 for all critical defects as listed above (3 failures allowed)
For additional major defects according to IEC 61215 AQL = 1
(3 failures allowed).For additional minor defects according to
IEC 61215 AQL = 2.5 (7 failures allowed)
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4.3.5.3 Modules electrical characteristic
i. Test description
The current‐voltage characteristic I‐(V) and the STC power from each module is determined according
to the IEC standard IEC 61215.
The test must be conducted with a class AAA sun simulator according to IEC 60904.
The calibration must be traceable to SI‐standards. The reference device must have an uncertainty of
<1% for Isc.
The STC power is the power at Standard Test Conditions: 1000 W/m2, at 25°C
The measurement uncertainty must be as low as possible but up to the agreed third party testing lab
ability for silicon technology. A measurement of spectral response is done for one reference module.
For each module, the laboratory will do 3 consecutive I‐V measurements.

For C‐Si modules, the Light‐Induced‐Degradation (LID) is measured on sampling modules with the
following conditions;
‐ Exposure to 20kWh of natural sunlight
‐ During exposure, modules are kept close to MPP.

Quantity to be tested: According to ISO 2859 Inspection Level G‐1

ii. Acceptance criteria
Each test samples need to meet the following criteria:
1. The module individual power at STC should be in the positive tolerance range and
comparable to the Nominal Power agreed by both parties.
2. The average STC‐power must be equal or above nameplate power.
3. All modules I‐V curves have a smooth behavior according characteristics in the range of
values given by the manufacturer
4. LID measurement must be in the range of values given by the manufacturer

Quantity to be tested: According to ISO 2859: Inspection Level G1 normal
inspection
AQL‐Level: 2.5 (applicable only for criteria 1, 3 and 4)
Test criteria 2 average STC‐power must be equal or above nominal power of the module. If the
average STC‐power is below the nominal power of the module the test failed
Consequence in case of test failure
In case of failure the measured values of the test are used as supporting values for a new simulation
and the substandard performance is determined by way of calculation. In such case additional
modules must be installed in order to satisfy the Power Guaranty, if possible pursuant to the
applicable permits and space constraints. If additional modules can’t be implemented in the existing
12

plant based on space and permit constraints, reduced installed capacity has to be compensated with
a price reduction of the facility equivalent to Liquidated Damages for underperformance as defined
in Appendix D of the contract. This means for each percent reduced installed capacity of the plant
(and fractions of this), contractor will i) reduce the full turnkey EPC price 1.5 % or ii) increase
guarantee PR in the same proportion.
If contractor pays compensation for reduced installed capacity based on electrical testing, the
reduced installed capacity shall be considered in the performance calculation according to Appendix
D of the contract. In the same way, if contractor compensates the reduced installed capacity with an
increase of PR, this new PR shall be considered in the performance calculation according to
Appendix D of the contract.
If criteria 2 average STC‐power if more than 2 % below nominal output of the Module the batch shall
be rejected and replaced with new modules.
site to fail report maximum 20 calendar days for all electrical
testing (except LID measurement). Time between for fail
report LID measurement as quick as possible.

4.3.5.4 Images with Electroluminescence (EL) camera
i. Test description
The objective is to control the number and type of cell defects (micro‐cracks, broken fingers…).
For each module, EL measurements are done in injecting current with the same value as module short
circuit condition.
For each module, the laboratory summarizes the following defects:
‐ Estimated module defective active area
‐ Maximum cell defective area
‐ Presence of cell defective area caused by crack
‐ Presence of cell with multiple cracks
‐ Number of cracks and micro‐cracks in module classified in the following categories
 Cross cracks
 Perpendicular to busbars
 Parallel to busbars
 45° oriented
 Dendritic cracks
 Cracks with other directions
‐ Presence of grid finger defects
‐ Presence of inactive cells
‐ Existing evident EL contrast among cell
‐ Presence of contact molding defect
‐ Presence of soldering defects
‐ Evidence of slope breakage in I(V) curve

Quantity to be tested: According to ISO 2859 Inspection Level G‐1
13

ii. Acceptance criteria
The tested modules must comply with micro‐cracks specifications attached below:
14

Table 2: Definition of fulfilment of micro‐cracks specification
15

‐ AQL‐Level: 1.5 (failed modules allowed = 5 modules

4.3.5.5 EVA crosslinking degree
The determination of the EVA crosslinking degree gives an indication of the production quality (oven
temperature, homogeneity, duration). A poor crosslinking degree has an adverse effect on the service
life of the module. The data sheet information of the EVA supplier is deemed as the pass criterion.
The test method is wet‐chemical, i.e it is not an exact physical measuring method and afflicted with a
high degree of uncertainty. This fact is taken into account in the pass criteria.

Quantity to be tested: 1 module for 2 batches
Test Characteristic Destructive Testing
Method of testing: Soxleth extraction in Xylene.
Pass Criteria: Minimum 65% (measurement tolerance considered)
If the module fails, both batches rejected
4.3.5.6 Thermography
Quantity to be tested: 10 %
Test / Pass Criteria:
‐ Temperature difference between the substrings within a module is less than 5 K.
‐ Temperature difference between single cells within a module is less than 10K.
‐ Less than 5 cells within a module have a temperature deviation from average greater than 5 K .
If not, then the performance deviation shall be less than 10% of the value in the SF flash report.
Note: Adaptation of the limits after joint measurement onsite and, where appropriate, verification
in the laboratory.
Consequence:
‐ Failing modules to be replaced; in case of significant number of failure increase of test quantity
to be mutually agreed
16

Test execution: Test to be done after module installation on structure
4.3.5.7 Peel test
This test is used to check as to whether the EVA/backsheet adhesion complies with the manufacturer's
specification. This measurement is not possible in all cases because the backsheet may adhere so
strongly that, instead of allowing for peeling off, it tends to tear inherently.
Quantity to be tested: 1 module for 2 batches
Test Characteristic Destructive Testing
Pass Criteria: 60 N/cm EVA vs glass, 20 N/cm for EVA backsheet
If the module fails, both batches rejected
4.3.5.8 Leakage test
Wet leakage test according to IEC 61215. Power is applied to the short‐circuited module in the water
bath and the leakage current is measured. This test is used to determine the insulation resistance. It
is a safety test.
Quantity: 2 modules per batch but no less than 1 per MW in average.
Test Criteria:
Pass criteria 40 MOh/m² considering IEC 61215
If the 1 module fails, the batch is rejected

laboratory. Time between arrivals of relevant container to site
to fail report maximum 20 calendar days

4.3.5.1 Potential Induced Degradation (PID)
The PID test shall identify the Potential‐Induced Degradation resulting from voltage influence on the
module. It is a degradation resulting in lower output, which can occur on one side of a string. The test
procedure is not yet standardized, but a procedure recommended from several Module
manufacturers. During the PID test, a negative potential of ‐1000V is induced between cell and module
frame. The glass cover shall have contact with the frame via aluminum foil (IEC 62804 TS, Methode B).
Before and after the test, EL measurements and STC output measurements will be carried out to
determine the effect on the modules. Additionally, the isolating resistivity of the modules will be
measured after the test.
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Quantity: 2 modules per batch but no less than 1 per MW in average.
Test Criteria: STC measurement before and after exposure to bias. Max.
Power loss < 5%. Exposure 168h at 25°C ‐1000V at inner
circuit, front glass covered with grounded aluminum foil.
If the 1 module fails, the batch is rejected
Test execution: Test to be done in the onsite laboratory. Time between
arrivals of container on site to fail report to be minimized
according to applicable test sequence.
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