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Term report
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Traps created by salt dome
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5/5/2017

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 Traps created by salt dome
Salt strata
First we have to know about the salt layer strata. When the evaporation of the sea
water occurs so small particles of salts deposited on the shore and then due to the
sedimentation the salt stratum is formed with the small amount of impurities. Then again
the stratification of others layers on it due to sedimentation.

Salt dome
Initially there is just a salt layer is present beneath the other layer due to the
sedimentation of other layers overlying on it. First we have to know about that the salt have
lower density then the others rock layers because salt have crystal like shape. The salt layer
behave little like a viscous bit behave like a fluidly when the pressure is exerted it is moving
slowly. When it move it can deform the other layers above it. Due to the intrusion of salt
plug and we end up with a salt dome. It can intrude up to 1000’s of meters. The intrusion in
such a way it deform the rock into traps that hold oil and gas.

Intrusion
As the sedimentations is going on and increasing the weight and pressure on the layers
buried below. The salt layer is somewhere between the layers of other sediments and salt
layer intrude upward.

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Salt dome classification
Salt dome has following types

1. Active salt dome

The salt dome in which the rate of salt moving is high and deforms the strata.

2. Passive salt dome

These domes are formed by the continuous sedimentation and overburden of upper layers.
These are not form by the tectonic movements.

3. Linear salt plug

These salt domes are formed where high tectonic movement is occurred

4. Reactive salt plug

In which salt plug moves toward the low pressure areas around the developing faults and
folds. It is occurred in that condition where no passive movement of salt occure.

The following figure can tell us about the types of salt domes.

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Sulfur in salt dome
Salt dome some time overlain by a cap rock that contains the significant amount of sulfur.
Sulfur is a crystalline material which can fills the voids spaces and pores which can reduce
the porosity and permeability and become a potential seal.

Types of traps created by salt dome

There are following types of traps formed by the deformation of strata caused by the
movement or intrusion of salt plug.

 Salt dome cap oil trap

As salt plug intrude in the strata. The cap rock above it is arched upward composed of
breccias cap of hard rock. The upward arch allow oil and gas to migrate upward, it could be
a good place for oil and gas.

 Salt dome amplitude oil trap

Salt dome is folding the upper bed initially due to the continuous movement it can break the
upward strata and the oil and gas accumulation is trapped by the up dip moment of salt
dome which is impermeable.

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  Super cap oil trap
If the salt dome reaches the earth surface it may folds the upper beds. This dome form the
anticline oil trap.

 Reefs oil traps

In past geological history the reefs also form the traps different organisms form the traps
such as alges, sponges etc.

 Stratigraphy oil trap

If the source rock is present the above some cap rock is present, a rupture in the permeable
layer up dip movement in to the impermeable layer and form the stratigraphic oil trap .
Basically salt dome is the type of structural traps.
The structural traps are in figure are as follows.

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