BTAS4216 Floods and Control Measures

Subject Name Course Type Credits T-P Pre - requisites

Floods and BOTH 3 2-1 NIL

Control Measures

Course Objectives:
To make students understand the basic theoretical aspects and implementation of following topics in the
real world situations.
 This subject aims at making the students to understand the hydrologic extremes of floods
 Estimation of severity and extent of damages and the mitigation measures to combat them.
 To know about various Structural and non –structural measures of flood control
 To know about the construction and design of structural

Learning Outcomes:
Upon successful completion of the course, students are expected to be able:
 Students know the different methods of design flood estimation
 Idea on hydrograph and its components.
 perform channel reservoir routing
 They carryout flood inundation modelling and suggest suitable flood control measures.
 Students exposed to various approaches, measures of flood.

Evaluation System
Methods % of mark
Three internal 20
Internal Practical 30
External Theory Exam 30
External Practical 20
Total 100

MODULE – I (9 hours)
Floods - causes of occurrence, flood classification - probable maximum flood, standard project flood,
design flood, flood estimation - methods of estimation; estimation of flood peak - rational method,
empirical methods, unit hydrograph method. Statistics in hydrology, flood frequency methods - log
normal, Gumbel’s extreme value, log-Pearson type-III distribution; depth-area-duration analysis. Flood
forecasting.
MODULE – II (8 hours)
Flood routing - channel routing, Muskingum method, reservoir routing, modified Pul’s method. Flood
control - history of flood control, structural and non-structural measures of flood control, storage and
detention reservoirs, levees, channel improvement. Gully erosion and its control structures - design and
implementation. Ravine control measures. River training works, planning of flood control projects and
their economics.
MODULE – III (8 hours)
Earthen embankments - functions, classification - hydraulic fill and rolled fill dams - homogeneous,
zoned and diaphragm type, foundation requirements, grouting, seepage through dams, flow net and its
properties, seepage pressure, seepage line in composite earth embankments, drainage filters, piping and
its causes. Design and construction of earthen dam, stability of earthen embankments against failure by
tension, overturning, sliding etc., stability of slopes - analysis of failure by different methods. Subsurface
dams - site selection and constructional features. Check dam - Small earthen embankments - types and
design criteria.

Pedagogy

Module Topic Pedagogy Instructional Hrs

I a) Introduction , classification of CRT 2
flood
b) Estimation of peak discharge 7
Subtotal (9) 9
II a) Flood routing CRT 3
b) Flood control 5

Subtotal (8) 8
III a) ) Earthen embankments CRT 6
b) Subsurface dam 1
b) Check dam 1
Subtotal (8) 8
Total 25

S. No Date
1 Lecture 1, 6/12/18
2 Lecture2, 12/12/18
3 Lecture3, 15/12/18
4 Lecture4, 19/12/18
5 Lecture5, 22/12/18
6 Lecture6, 26/01/18
7 Lecture7, 29/01/18
8 Lecture8, 5/01/19
9 Lecture 9, 9/01/19
10 Lecture10,
12/01/19
11 Lecture11,
16/01/19
LESSON PLAN
Portion Chapter, Book, Page No
Floods - causes of occurrence, flood Engineering Hydrology.
classification
probable maximum flood, standard project Engineering Hydrology.
flood, design flood
Flood estimation - methods of estimation Engineering Hydrology.
Estimation of flood peak - Unit hydrograph Engineering Hydrology.
method
Estimation of flood peak - rational method, Engineering Hydrology.
empirical methods
Estimation of flood peak - empirical methods
CH-4,Engineering
Hydrology.
Flood frequency methods R. Suresh
Flood frequency methods - . log normal, Engineering Hydrology
Gumbel’s extreme value, log-Pearson type-
III distribution
Depth-area-duration analysis. Flood Engineering Hydrology.
forecasting.
Flood routing – channel and reservoir Engineering Hydrology.
routing.
Channel routing - Muskingum method ,Engineering Hydrology

12 Lecture12, Reservoir routing - modified Pul’s method Engineering Hydrology

19/01/19
13 Lecture13, Flood control - history of flood control, Engineering Hydrology
 23/01/19 structural and non-structural measures of
flood control
14 Lecture14, storage and detention reservoirs, levees, Soil and water conservation
30/01/19 channel improvement engg., R. Suresh
15 Lecture 15 Gully erosion and its control structures - Soil and water conservation
6/02/19 design and implementation. engg., R. Suresh
16 Lecture 16 Ravine control measures Soil and water conservation
9/02/19 engg., R. Suresh
17 Lecture 17 River training works, planning of flood Soil and water conservation
23/02/19 control projects and their economics. engg., R. Suresh
18 Lecture 18 Earthen embankments - functions Soil and water conservation
13/02/19 engg., R. Suresh
19 Lecture 19 classification - hydraulic fill and rolled fill Soil and water conservation
16/02/19 dams - homogeneous, zoned and diaphragm engg., R. Suresh
type
20 Lecture 20 Foundation requirements, grouting, seepage Soil and water conservation
20/02/19 through dams, flow net and its properties engg., R. Suresh
21 Lecture 21 seepage pressure, seepage line in composite Soil and water conservation
23/02/19 earth embankments, drainage filters, piping engg., R. Suresh
and its causes
22 Lecture 22 Design and construction of earthen dam Soil and water conservation
27/02/19 engg., R. Suresh
23 Lecture 23 stability of earthen embankments against Soil and water conservation
6/03/19 failure by tension, overturning, sliding etc., engg., R. Suresh
stability of slopes - analysis of failure by
different methods
24 Lecture 24 Subsurface dams - site selection and Soil and water conservation
9/03/19 constructional features. engg., R. Suresh
25 Lecture 25 Check dam - Small earthen embankments - Soil and water conservation
13/03/19 types and design criteria. engg., R. Suresh

Practicals-

Practical 1 Determination of flood stage-discharge relationship in a watershed 22/12/18

and determination of flood peak-area relationships
Practical 2 Determination of frequency distribution functions for extreme flood 29/01/18
values using Gumbel’s method and confidence limits of the flood
peak and Determination of frequency distribution functions for
extreme flood values using log-Pearson Type-III distribution
Practical 3 Determination of probable maximum flood, standard project flood 5/01/19
and spillway design flood. Design of levees for flood control.
Practical 4 Design of jetties and Study of vegetative and structural measures for 12/01/19
gully stabilization.
Practical 5 Design of gully/ravine control structures and cost estimation. 19/01/19
Practical 6 Designing, planning and cost- benefit analysis of a flood control 02-2-2019
project.
Practical 7 Study of different types, materials and design considerations of 16-2-2019
earthen dams.
Practical 8 Determination of the position of phreatic line in earth dams for 23-1-2019
various conditions, stability analysis of earthen dams against head
water pressure, foundation shear, sudden draw down condition etc.
Practical 9 Stability of slopes of earth dams by friction circle and other methods 2-3-2019
and Construction of flow net for isotropic and anisotropic media.
Practical 10 Computation of seepage by different methods and Determination of 9-3-2019
settlement of earth dam, Input-output-storage relationships by
reservoir routing.

Practical 11 Visit to sites of earthen dam and water harvesting structures. 16-3-2019

Question Bank

1. What causes floods?

2. Explain the factors affecting the storm water discharge.
3. What is time of concentration? What is its role in determination of the storm water
runoff?
4. Explain critical rainfall duration. Why rainfall of this duration will generate maximum
runoff?
5. Write short notes on the estimation of storm water runoff.
6. What is coefficient of runoff?
7. A catchment is having total area of 60 hectares. The rainfall intensity relation with
duration for this catchment is given by the relation I = 100/(t+20), where I is in cm/h and
t is duration of rain in min. (a) Draw the graph of rainfall intensity relation with duration
at 10 min interval? (b) What will be the storm water runoff from this catchment if the
average imperviousness factor is 0.63, and time of concentration is 35 min? (c) If
population density of the area is 350 persons per hectare and water consumption is 170
LPCD, what will be the design discharge for separate system and combined system?
8. How is peak flow determined?
9. What is a recurrence interval?
10. How does a flash flood occur?
11. Where else do flash floods occur?
12. What are ‘earthen dams’ and what circumstances are they preferred?
13. Enumerate the different types of earthen dams, and draw neat sketches showing each
type.
14. What is meant by ‘pore water pressure’: and what is its significance in the design of
earthen dam?
15. What are the different types of earth dams that are usually adopted. State where each
type is adopted ?
Reference-
1. Michael, A.M. and T.P. Ojha. 2003. Principles of Agricultural Engineering. Volume II. 4th
Edition, Jain Brothers, New Delhi.
2. Murthy, V.V.N. 2002. Land and Water Management Engineering. 4th Edition, Kalyani
Publishers, New Delhi.
3. Suresh, R. 2014. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering. Standard Publisher Distributors,
New Delhi.
4. Mutreja, K.N. 1990. Applied Hydrology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York,
Delhi.
5. Subramanya, K. 2008. Engineering Hydrology. 3rd Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing
Co., New Delhi.
6. Bureau of Reclamation. 1987. Design of Small Dams. US Department of Interior,
Washington DC, USA.