Crusading Warfare

Exploring the Military History of the Crusades

William James Hamblin
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Blue boxes reference primary
sources, and provide
quotations from primary
sources.

Gold boxes contains

references to secondary
sources.

White boxes are summaries

of primary sources.
Color coded
Green text boxes are my
analysis, notes, commentary,
and explanations.
text boxes
Brown text boxes provide
place and location names
 1/11- Antioch Campaign
3a- Background on Antioch
1097 October
 History of Antioch
300 BC: Foundation of Antioch by Seleucus I, general of Alexander
300- 64 BC: Capital of the Hellenistic Seleucid kingdom
64 BC - 324 AD: Capital of Roman Syria
115: Great earthquake devastates city

324-637: Capital of Byzantine Syria
637-969: Arab conquest and Muslim rule
969-1078: Byzantine reconquest
1078-1084: Armenian general Philaretos
1084-1098: Turkish conquest and control by Yaghi Siyan
Note: Antioch had been conquered by Turks only 14 years before
Crusaders arrive
Mamistra
Strategic Situation: Siege of Antioch 1097/10
Jerablus

s
Mt
Primary Sources:

s
Siege of Antioch

aeu
Anthologies

Am
Ayas
Cyrrhus Gabrielli AHC
Krey FCA §4
E up
Peters FCC §7 hra
te s
Rubenstein, FCD §5
Azaz
Tyerman CFC §5
Alexandretta
Western ♜
Darbsak Manbij

asu
♜ Albert 3.36-4.26Qalat al-Najm

Kar
Caffaro —
Syrian
Gates Canso —
Ekkehard —
♜ Fulcher 1.15-17
Baghras rin →Bartolf —
Af
→Malmesbury 4.358-363
Lake Gesta 5-8/12-20 (p 28-48)
Antioch →Baldric 2
Artah →Orderic 9

Onr
ante
1 ✝ Aleppo →Guibert 4.3-5.7
→Peter 4a-6m (p 43-65)
Antioch YS
s
Iron Harim Aleppo (Ridwan) →Robert 3.29-4.14
⚔ Bridge {1095-1113} Gilo 5.1-7.292
Atharib Letters (LFE) §5-9
s
te

Ralph 48-69
an
nr

St Simeon Raymond 4-6 (p 30-50)

O

William 4.9-5.23 ←Albert

Antioch Eastern Christian
(Yaghi-Siyan) Qinnasrin
Anna (G) 9.6
{1086-1098} Mathew (A) 2.113- Euph
ra
Michael (S) 15.7a-d te
s
→Bar Hebraeus p 234-5
Studies Syriac (S) p 70-71,
Muslim Balis
Asbridge §5-6
Asbridge, Antioch 26 Ibn al-Athir 1:14-5 (10:274-5)
Jisr
France §7-8 AHC p 2-4
al-Shughur
Frankopan §9b-10a Ibn al-Qalanisi {a490}
Nicolle 49-58 Kamal al-Din 1:345-7 =R580-2
Maqrizi {a490}
tes

Rogers, Latin Siege 25-39

Sibt {a490} —
Onran

Rubenstein §9-12
Runciman 1:213-264
Antioch 1097 1097/10
Archaeological remains of Antioch’s Walls 1097/10
Archaeological remains of Antioch’s Walls 1097/10

Remains of the
mountain walls

Almost no archaeological remains of

medieval fortifications within the city itself.
 Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097

9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

Approximate line of the medieval walls of

Antioch at the time of the First Crusade

5- St George Gate
Overview of Antioch
1097 October
Antioch 1097: Bridge from southwest 9- Mt
10- MtStaurin
Staurin 1097
View from far north of the medieval city 8- Iron Gate/dam
9- Gate

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

Mt Silpius 500m
3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern
Medieval City

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 Antioch 1097 9- Mt Staurin 1097
City and Mt Silpius from southwest 8- Iron Gate

1- St Paul’s Gate

Citadel

2- Dog Gate

7- Citadel
3- Gate of the Duke

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
Antioch 1097: overview from southeast 10- Mt Staurin 1097
View from Southeast 9- Iron Gate/dam

Citadel 1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 Iron Gate
Dam Parmenian Torret; bridge between
Mt. Silpius and Mt. Staurin; fortification;
gate for the east mountain road.
 Antioch 1097 9- Mt Staurin 1097
Iron Gate from northwest 8- Iron Gate

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate

7- Citadel
3- Gate of the Duke

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 Antioch 1097 9- Mt Staurin 1097
Iron Gate from northwest 8- Iron Gate

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate

7- Citadel
3- Gate of the Duke

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Road to Iron Gate from east 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate

Supplies could reach Antioch vis this road and other mountain tracks.
Bridge Gate
1097 October
 Antioch 1097 9- Mt Staurin 1097
Bridge Gate from southwest 8- Iron Gate
Citadel
1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate

7- Citadel
3- Gate of the Duke

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Orantes River from Bridge 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

7- Citadel
3- Gate of the Duke

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
Antioch 1097: Bridge from south 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Bridge Gate from south 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate

7- Citadel
3- Gate of the Duke

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Modern bridge from west 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

7- Citadel
3- Gate of the Duke
Citadel

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 South Wall
St George Gate
1097 October
 Antioch 1097 9- Mt Staurin 1097
Southern wall from west 8- Iron Gate

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate

7- Citadel
3- Gate of the Duke

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
St George Gate from southwest 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate

7- Citadel
3- Gate of the Duke

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 Antioch 1097 9- Mt Staurin 1097
southern wall from northwest, inside 8- Iron Gate

1- St Paul’s Gate
5- St George Gate ??

2- Dog Gate

7- Citadel
3- Gate of the Duke

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
City Walls
1097 October
Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Location of Citadel 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

Iron Gate

5- St George Gate
Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Location of Citadel 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

Iron Gate

5- St George Gate
Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Location of Citadel 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

Iron Gate

5- St George Gate
Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Location of Citadel 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

Iron Gate behind

the ridge

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

Iron Gate

5- St George Gate
 North Wall
St Paul’s Gate
1097 October
Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
St. Paul’s Gate ?? 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
Citadel
1097 October
Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Plan of the Citadel 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Citadel from south 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Citadel from northeast 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

West gate to city

5- St George Gate
 Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Citadel, looking west towards city and plains 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
 Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Citadel, looking west towards city and plains 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
Antioch 1097 10- Mt Staurin 1097
Cistern 9- Iron Gate/dam

1- St Paul’s Gate

2- Dog Gate
8- Citadel

3- Gate of the Duke 7- Cistern

4- Bridge Gate
6- Mt Silpius 500m

5- St George Gate
http://www.castles.nl/antioch-citadel

http://antioch-on-the-orontes.blogspot.com/2012/03/citadel-of-antakya.html
 Crusading Warfare
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