Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Geetam Tiwari
MoUD Chair professor, Transportation Research
and injury prevention programme
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DELHI
Road traffic death rates in low and middle income countries are
more than double of high income countries
RT Deaths by type of road users by WHO regions
Road Traffic fatalities per 100000 habitants, 2013 EU
Since 2000, the rate has been reduced by about 50% in nearly half the countries.
The greatest improvements were in Spain (-75%) and Portugal (-70%), while
Denmark, France, Ireland, Slovenia, Sweden and Switzerland all had reductions of
60-63%
Road traffic deaths in India 1970 - 2014
(Source: NCRB, 2015).
160,000
140,000
120,000
Fatali es, number
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
Year
TAMIL NADU
HIMACHAL PRADESH
HARYANA
KARNATAKA
ANDHRA PRADESH*
PUNJAB
GOA
D & N HAVELI
RAJASTHAN
PONDICHERRY
GUJARAT
MADHYA PRADESH
MAHARASHTRA
KERALA
SIKKIM
ORISSA
MIZORAM
ARUNACHAL PRADESH
DELHI (UT)
JAMMU & KASHMIR
ASSAM TN, HP,
CHANDIGARH
UTTAR PRADESH HY, K, AP
WEST BENGAL
MANIPUR
high rates
MEGHALAYA
TRIPURA
DAMAN & DIU UTs have
UTTARANCHAL
BIHAR reduced
A & N ISLANDS
NAGALAND
rates
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Fatali es per 100,000 persons
Modal share of road traffic fatalities in four rural
highway locations in India.
Analysis of police FIRs
Fatalities by type of road user, per cent
Motorised Unknown
Location
Pedestrian Bicycle two- Car Bus Truck
& other
wheeler
1
Highways (1998) 32 11 24 15 3 14 1
)2
2lane NH8 (2010-2014 20 2 42 14 9 13 1
4lane NH24 (2010-2014)2 27 5 44 8 7 4 4
2
6lane NH1 (2010=2014) 34 3 10 6 5 41 1
Notes: (1) Data from locations on 34 national and state highways in India (Tiwari, G. et al., 2000). (2) Tiwari, G., 2015
KOLLAM
ASANSOL
THRISSUR
GHAZIABAD
AGRA
KOZHIKODE
MEERUT
KOCHI
VIJAYAWADA
CHENNAI
KANPUR
JAIPUR
JODHPUR
COIMBATORE
VISHAKHAPAT 2-4 times
FARIDABAD increase in
VARANASI
THIRUVANANT
2 decades
LUCKNOW
JAMSHEDPUR
LUDHIANA
PATNA
PUNE
AURANGABAD
RAIPUR
Annual RTI deaths per 100,000 population in million plus cities 1991-2011
RTC fatalities by road user type in selected cities:
Analysis of police records
Probability of
pedestrian
fatality
Percent
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Impact speed km/h
Stopping distances at different travel speeds
Braking distance
Intersection Design
Intersection control
conflicting and merging traffic.
Driver failures:
‘excess’
Elements
Road
Road vehicle
SAFE SYSTEM APPROACH
Speed
management
by design
Forgiving
roads/streets
Rumble strips laid
thicker than the specified
15-25mm (according to
IRC 39 –1986)
Design faults on newly constructed highways
37
Work Zone Crashes: Research Review
Deaths and injuries at work zones are caused by a variety of
• speeding traffic
38
Speed control by design
Way forward