INGLÊS MÓDULO 3

PROF. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES – COLÉGIO NAVAL/EPCAR

ADJETIVOS – ADJECTIVES

Os adjetivos em inglês são usados geralmente antes dos substantivos e não têm forma no plural.
ADJETIVO TRADUÇÃO
classical clássico
liberal liberal
romantic romântico
cloudy nublado
dirty sujo
easy fácil
healthy saudável
noisy barulhento
thirsty sedento
friendly amigável
monthly mensal
childlike infantil
foolish imbecil
British britânico
beautiful bonito
careful cuidadoso
useful útil
harmful maléfico
hopeless desesperançoso
useless inútil
careless descuidado
admirable admirável
considerable considerável
reasonable razoável
adaptable adaptável
recognizable reconhecível
destructive destrutivo
excessive excessivo
progressive progressivo
boring chato
charming charmoso
interesting interessante
relaxed relaxado
satisfied satisfeito
fascinated fascinado

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EXEMPLOS:
right corner, wrong side, big hall, small house, nice person, tall men, thin girls, black cars.

Alguns adjetivos são formados pelos seguintes sufixos:

y: cloudy, hungry, healthy, easy, thirsty, lucky, funny
ly: brotherly, lively, friendly, monthly, leisurely
ish: childish, British, foolish, snobbish
ful: beautiful, skillful, careful, useful
less: aimless, pointless, lifeless, hopeless
able: admirable, adaptable, reasonable, recognizable
ive: attractive, impressive, excessive, progressive
ing: entertaining, fascinating, exciting, thrilling
ed: embarrassed, satisfied, disappointed, worried
al: political, fictional, ecological, digital
like: businesslike, childlike, godlike, lifelike

EXEMPLOS:
Today the sky is not blue. It is a cloudy day.
That book is very useful.
He is a political person.

Comparativo e superlativo dos adjetivos

COMPARATIVO
SUPERIORIDADE IGUALDADE INFERIORIDADE

-er... than as...as... less...than

(mais que...) (tão...como/quanto) (menos...que)

ou ou

more...than not as...as

(mais que...) not so...as
(não tão...como/quanto)

O comparativo de superioridade com -er é usado com adjetivos e advérbios até duas sílabas, já o comparativo
de superioridade formado com more ... than é usado com adjetivos e advérbios com mais de duas sílabas. Os
comparativos de igualdade e inferioridade são usados com qualquer adjetivo ou advérbio, independente do
número de sílabas.

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EXEMPLOS:
Paulo is taller than Roberto. ( Paulo é maior do que Roberto.)
Jane is more beautiful than Maria. (Jane é mais bonita do que Maria.)
Salvador is as hot as Rio. (Salvador é tão quente como o Rio.)
São Paulo is not as hot as Rio. (São Paulo não é tão quente como o Rio.)
The Real is less valuable than the Dollar. ( O Real tem menos valor do que o Dólar.)

ATIVO
SUPERIORIDADE INFERIORIDADE
the ... –est the least...
(o(a) mais, os(as) mais...) (o(a) menos, os(as) menos...)

ou

the most ...

(o(a) mais, os(as) mais...)

O superlativo com the ... –est é usado com adjetivos e advérbios até duas sílabas, já o superlativo
com the most ... é usado com adjetivos e advérbios com mais de duas sílabas. O superlativo de inferioridade
é usado com qualquer adjetivo ou advérbio, independente do número de sílabas.

EXEMPLOS:
That city is the coldest in the country.
My garden is the liveliest in town.
She is the most beautiful girl in the class.
Paula and Marcos are the most intelligent students of this school.

Os adjetivos formados por uma consoante +vogal + consoante, como: big, thin, hot e etc, dobramos a última
consoante quando acrescentarmos o sufixo -er ou –est.
EXEMPLOS:
Big – bigger – biggest
Thin – thinner – thinnest
Hot – hotter – hottest

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ADJETIVOS E ADVÉRBIOS
IRREGULARES
good/well
better than – the best
bad/badly
worse than – the worst
little
less than – the least
much/many
more than – the most
far
farther than – the farthest

EXEMPLOS:
She is better than Raphael in English.
This is the worst place in town.
Porto Alegre is farther than Curitiba.
This bag is much more expensive than that.

Outros tipos de comparativos e superlativos:

EXEMPLOS:
Hitz Hotel has the most rooms.
My aunt is getting / becoming fatter.
The better the TV set, the more expensive it is.
The more I study, the more I know.

Countries and nationality

COUNTRY ADJECTIVE PERSON
Afghanistan Afghan an Afghan
Argentina Argentinian an Argentinian
Australia Australian an Australian
Austria Austrian an Austrian
Brazil Brazilian a Brazilian
Canada Canadian a Canadian
Chile Chilean a Chilean
China Chinese a Chinese
Colombia Colombian a Colombian
Denmark Danish a Dane
Egypt Egyptian an Egyptian
England English an English

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COUNTRY ADJECTIVE PERSON

Finland Finnish a Finn
France French a French
Germany German a German
Greece Greek a Greek
India Indian an Indian
Iran Iranian an Iranian
Iraq Iraqi an Iraqi
Ireland Irish an Irish
Italy Italian an Italian
Japan Japanese a Japanese
Mexico Mexican a Mexican
Netherlands Dutch a Dutch
Norway Norwegian a Norwegian
Peru Peruvian a Peruvian
The Philippines Philippine a Filipino
Poland Polish a Pole
Portugal Portuguese a Portuguese
Russia Russian a Russian
Saudi Arabia Arabian or Saudi a Saudi Arabian or a Saudi
Scotland Scottish a Scot
South Africa South African a South African
South Korea South Korean a South Korean
Spain Spanish a Spaniard
Sweden Swedish a Swede
Switzerland Swiss a Swiss
Thailand Thai a Thai
Turkey Turkish a Turk
United States of America (USA) American an American
Uruguay Uruguayan a Uruguayan
Venezuela Venezuelan a Venezuelan
Vietnam Vietnamese a Vietnamese
Wales Welsh a Welsh

As nacionalidades podem ser usadas como substantivo ou adjetivo na oração, sempre com iniciais
maiúsculas.
EXEMPLOS:
He likes Japanese food. (adjective)
Joana likes to read Russian novels. (adjective)
Mary is Australian, (adjective)
Is he from Germany?
No, I think he’s a French. (noun)
Which language is more difficult Russian or Chinese? (noun)
Brazilians love soccer. (noun)
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EXERCÍCIOS DE COMBATE

1. (FUVEST) Assinale a opção correta com o adjetivos correspondentes ao substantivo em destaque:

a) She has CHARM. She is a charming girl.
b) He has PATIENCE. He is a patianting boy .
c) There is NO HOPE. It's hopeness.
d) There is NO SUN. Ii’s cloudness.
e) He has intelligence. He is intelligenting.

2. (UNIFENAS) Peter is not from Italy.

He is from Denmark. He is ________
a) Irish
b) Swedish
c) Danish
d) Dutch
e) Thai

3. (MACKENZIE) The alternative that contains only adjectives is:

a) opportunities / new / better / around
b) excellent / nearby / atmosphere / great
c) search / stay / river / affordable
d) snowy / business / housing / growing
e) genuine / strong / historical / rural

4. (MACKENZIE) Choose the alternative which contains only adjectives.

a) online, worthwhile, hometown
b) young, portrayal, known
c) performance, according, soul
d) features, literate, influential
e) heartbreaking, interesting, remarkable,

5. (UFSM) As palavras "independence" e "independent" são, respectivamente, um substantivo e um adjetivo.

O mesmo ocorre, respectivamente, em
a) reconciles - reconciliation .
b) united - unity.
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c) suggestion - suggested.
d) freedom – free.
e) practical - practically.

6. (UNIFENAS) Was the game exciting?

Oh, yes. It was ______________________.
a) alarming
b) moving
c) tiring
d) thrilling
e) boring

7. (UFRRJ) Um antônimo para a palavra “careful” é:

a) carefully
b) careless
c) carelessly
d) prompt
e) cherish

8. (PUC-SP) Her ________ eyes showed the happiness of that cheerful day.
a) bright
b) brightly
c) brighten
d) brightens
e) brightness

9. (ITA) Dadas as formas comparativas e superlativas

I. bigger than / the biggest
II. more modern than / the most modern
III. more interesting than / the most interesting
IV. more ingenuous than / the most ingenuous constatamos que está(ão) correta(s):
a) apenas a I.
b) apenas a II.
c) apenas a II e a III.
d) apenas a II, a ill e a IV.
e) todas as formas apresentadas.
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10. (UNIP) Surprisingly enough, the movie is ____ the book and the play.
a) better than
b) less good than
c) as good as
d) not so good as
e) todas as alternativas são corretas

11. (ESAMC) Grandma always says that health ______ wealth.

a) is good than
b) is better than
c) isn't so good
d) more good
e) “a” and “c” are correct

12. (ITAUNA) With the divorce, Mr. Bellini left his _____ assets to Mrs. Bellini and kept _____ ones for
himself.
a) better, the badly
b) best, more badly
c) the best, the worst
d) best, the worst
e) the best, worst

13. (PUC-SP) Most Americans say that The Washington Post is____ newspaper in the country.
a) the most important
b) the least important
c) the importantest
d) "a" and "b" are correct
e) all the above alternatives are correct

14. (ESC. NAVAL)

A: Don't you think that the Internet __________ popular?
B: Yes, and __________ popular it gets, __________ expensive it becomes.
a) is getting the most/the most, the most
b) is getting more and more/the more, the less
c) is becoming most and most/the most, the least

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d) is becoming the more/the more, least

e) "a" and "b" are correct

15. (IME) Bob Evans, that athletic-looking young man, ran ______ and finally won the race.
a) fast and faster
b) faster and faster
c) fast and fast
d) faster and fast
e) more and more fast

16. (SÃO MARCOS) Even being _____ lady in town, Mrs. Antonelli is _____ cook we know of.
a) older, better
b) the oldest, best
c) the older, the better
d) the oldest, the best
e) the eldest, the goodest

17. (SANTA CECILIA) The weather in Sao Paulo is certainly _____ it is in Ceará.
a) colder than
b) the colder
c) the coldest of
d) the most cold
e) more cold than

18. (ITA) Dadas as afirmações de que o comparativo de superioridade de:

1. Clever é Cleverer
2. Much é More
3. Many é More
Constatamos que está (ão) correta (s):
a) apenas a afirmação 1.
b) apenas a afirmação 2.
c) apenas a afirmação 3.
d) apenas as afirmações 1 e 2.
e) todas as afirmações.

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19. (FMU – SP) Air-jets are much _______. Let’s go by car. It’s __________.
a) more expensive – cheaper
b) cheaper – more cheap
c) expensive – more cheap
d) quicker – more slow
e) slower – quicker

20. (FMU/FIAM –SP) “The weather is getting ________.

a) more hot
b) hoter
c) hotter and hotter
d) the hotter
e) the most hottest

21. (FMU/FIAM – SP) Peter is ______ tall _______ John.

a) more – such
b) as – most
c) so – than
d) as – as
e) as – more

22. (VUNESP) Our next examination may be ________ the last one.
a) more bad than
b) more worse than
c) much bad than
d) worse than
e) more badly than

23. (PUC- Campinas )

Mr. Smith: I’m sorry, Mr. Johnson. I believe the candidate you sent us will not suit our purposes. We need
somebody ________ than he.
Mr. Johnson: In that case I would suggest Miss Cary. She is definitely the _______ person in our group.
a) smarter – most intelligent
b) smart – intelligent
c) smartest – more intelligent
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d) as smart – as intelligent
e) as smart as – as intelligent as

24. (UFRS) The phrase “longer than” is one of the comparative forms of the adjective “long”. Choose the
alternative which has another comparative form and a superlative one:
a) as long – longest
b) so much longer - longest
c) as long – the longest
d) as long as – longest
e) as long as – the longest

25. (UFRN)
John: Is Sam from China?
Hellen: No, he is from Canada.
John: Is Canada ______ than China?
Hellen: I don’t know.
a) most large
b) large
c) largest
d) more large
e) larger

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PROF. ANTONIO DONIZETI PROMILITARES – COLÉGIO NAVAL/EPCAR

TEXT COMPREHENSION

TEXT 7 (EEAR)
ENGLISH GHOST STORIES
Many of Britain’s ancient castles have ghosts. One of the most famous “haunted castles” in England is actually
the Tower of London. During the Tower’s long history, many men and women were thrown into its dark
dungeons, or executed outside its gates. Among the most famous was Lady Jane Grey, Queen of England, who
was beheaded outside the Tower on 19th July 1554. Since then, it is said that the ghost of Lady Jane Grey
wanders through the rooms and corridors of the Tower of London. This is just one of Britain’s well-known
ghosts; but there are lots of ghosts too who aren’t quite as famous.

GLOSSARY
dungeons – masmorras, prisões, calabouços

1. The last two lines in the text reveal that

a) visitors see the ghost of Lady Jane Grey more often than others.
b) not all of the ghosts in Britain are as famous as Lady Jane Grey’s.
c) the ghost of Lady Jane Grey is the most famous one in Britain.
d) apart from Lady Jane Grey’s, the ghosts in Britain are not famous at all.

TEXT 8 (EEAR)
THE FOOD THAT EVERYONE LOVES
Several studies in recent years have found that chocolate could be more beneficial than harmful. It can be bad
for you if you overdo it: in this case, it can trigger migraines or digestive disorders, besides making you fat.
Doctors and nutritionists recommend that daily consumption should not exceed 50 grams. The good thing
about chocolate, especially dark chocolate, is that it has a high level of substances called flavonoids, which
help slow the aging process and help reduce the risk of heart disease. Besides being delicious, chocolate is
nutritious because it contains vitamins A, B, C, D and E, and minerals – such as iron and phosphorus.

1. According to the text, dark chocolate

a) can improve your health.
b) can never be bad for you.
c) could help relieve strong headaches.
d) is appetizing because of the vitamins it contains.

2. In “It can be bad for you if you overdo it…”, (lines 3 and 4), the text suggests that chocolate
a) could cause deadly diseases.

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b) may help people lose weight.

c) can be harmful to people over a certain age.
d) should not be consumed in large quantities every day.

TEXT 9 (PUC-CAMPINAS)
MARATHON (SPORT), running event, traditionally the longest race (42 km, 195 m) included in track and field
competitions. It is the final track and field event held in the Summer Olympic Games. Marathons have become
increasingly popular, and well-known marathons such as those held annually in Boston, Massachusetts, and
New York City attract thousands of runners and spectators.
The marathon's distance was chosen to duplicate the distance run by a Greek soldier from the town of
Marathon to Athens in 490 BC to bring the news of a Greek victory over the Persians. The Marathon-Athens
distance is actually less than 40 km. The modern distance was established at the 1908 Olympic Games in
London and represents the distance from the royal castle at Windsor to the Olympic stadium. From the revival
of the Olympics in 1896 until 1984 only men ran the marathon at the Olympics.
(Adapted from "Marathon (sport)", Microsoft. Encarta. 97 Encyclopedia)

1. "Marathons have become increasingly popular" means that Marathons have

a) become unpopular.
b) lost some of their popularity.
c) become extremely popular.
d) at last become popular.
e) become more and more popular.

2. According to the text,

a) marathons are only held every 4 years.
b) women started running the marathon in 1980.
c) the first modern Olympics were held in 1896.
d) modern roads have shortened the distance from Marathon to Athens.
e) the marathon's present distance is twice the distance run by the Greek soldier in 490 BC.

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GABARITO

1. A
2. C
3. E
4. E
5. D
6. B
7. B
8. A
9. E
10. E
11. B
12. D
13. D
14. B
15. B
16. D
17. A
18. E
19. A
20. C
21. D
22. D
23. A
24. E
25. E

TEXT 7 (EEAR)
1. B

TEXT 8 (EEAR)
1. A
2. D

TEXT 9 (PUC-CAMPINAS)
1. E
2. C

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