2 WCDMA RAN15 Power Control Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE 1.01

WCDMA RAN15 Power Control Algorithm and Parameters
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission




 CDMA system have the embedded characteristics of self-interference, for uplink

one user’s transmission power become interference to others.
 The more connected users, the higher interference. Generally the capacity is
limited by interference level.
 WCDMA suffer from Near-far effect, which means if all UE use the same
transmission power, the one close to the NodeB may block the entire cell.

 In the uplink, a UE emitting too high power will cause unacceptable competing
interference on the NodeB in comparison to signals coming from UEs at the cell
edge. This is called near-far effect. To avoid near-far effect, uplink power control
is required.

 The downlink has different characteristics from the uplink, for downlink
interference is caused by multi-path, part of one user’s power also become
interference to others.
 In the downlink, the system capacity is determined by the total code power.
Therefore, it is necessary to keep the transmit power at the lowest possible level
while still ensuring signal quality at the UE.
 Downlink power from adjacent cells also is one part of interference to the own
cell.
 Transmission power of NodeB is shared by all users channels, so downlink capacity
usually is considered to be limited by transmission power.

 Power control is also used to compensate for shadow and fast fading as well as
power drift.Because of channel fading in mobile communication system, the radio
signal is deteriorated and fluctuated, the fast power control become one key
technology to resist this phenomenon.
 In this figure, the channel fading is compensated by the transmitting power, which
is adjusted by the fast power control, so the receiving power is almost constant
and the radio propagation condition is improved.

 In WCDMA system, power control includes open loop and closed loop power
control.
 At open loop power control, the initial transmit power is calculated. This method
is rather inaccurate and it is only applied at the beginning of a connection setup.
 At closed loop power control, the transmitter dynamically adjusts its transmit
power according to the feedback from the receiver of the other side. Closed loop
power control is further classified into the following types:
 Inner loop power control directly adjusts the transmit power of the
transmitter by using power control commands.
 Outer loop power control indirectly controls the transmit power of the
transmitter.
 Power control is classified into the following types, depending on channel types:
 Common channel power control
 DCH channel power control
 HSDPA power control
 HSUPA power control

 Common channels consist of the PRACH in the uplink and the P-CPICH, P-SCH, S-
SCH, P-CCPCH, S-CCPCH, AICH, and PICH in the downlink. Only open loop power
control is used on these common channels.
 Open loop power control is used in two cases:
 1. to decide the initial transmission power of PRACH;
 2. to decide the initial transmission power of DPCCH / DPDCH.
 Closed loop power control is only applied on DPCCH and DPDCH.
 For other common channels, power control is not applied, they will use fixed
transmission power:
 The PCPICH power is defined by the PCPICHPower parameter as an
absolute value in dBm.
 All other common channels power is defined in relation with the
PCPICHPower parameter, and measured in dB.

Parameter MaxTxPower
Name Max Transmit Power of Cell
MML Command ADD UCELLSETUP and MOD UCELL
Sum of the maximum transmit power of all DL channels
Meaning
in a cell
GUI Value Range 0~500
Unit 0.1dBm
Actual Value Range 0~50
MML Default Value 430
Recommended Value 430

Parameter PCPICHPower
Name PCPICH Transmit Power
MML Command ADD UPCPICH and MOD UCELL.
TX power of the P-CPICH in a cell. This parameter should
be set based on the actual system environment For the
cells to be covered, the downlink coverage must be
Meaning
guaranteed. For the cells requiring soft handover area, this
parameter should satisfy the proportion of soft handover
areas stipulated in the network plan
GUI Value Range -100~500
Unit 0.1dBm
Actual Value Range -10~50

Parameter PSCHPower and SSCHPower

Name PSCH/SSCH Transmit Power
MML Command ADD UPSCH/ ADD USSCH and MOD UCELL.
Offset of the PSCH/SSCH transmit power from the P-
Meaning
CPICH transmit power in a cell
Unit 0.1dB
MML Default Value -50
Recommended Value -50

Parameter BCHPower
Name BCH Transmit Power
MML Command ADD UBCH and MOD UCELL
Offset of the BCH transmit power from the P-CPICH
Meaning
transmit power in a cell
Unit 0.1dB

Parameter MaxFachPower
Name Max Transmit Power of FACH
MML Command ADD UFACH and LST UFACH
The offset between the FACH transmit power and P-
Meaning
CPICH transmit power in a cell
Unit 0.1dB

Parameter PCHPower
Name PCH Power
MML Command ADD UPCH and MOD USCCPCH
Offset of the PCH transmit power from the PCPICH
Meaning transmit power in a cell
Unit 0.1dB

Parameter AICHPowerOffset
Name AICH Power Offset
MML Command ADD UCHPWROFFSE and MOD UAICHPWROFFSET
This parameter specifies the power offset between the
Meaning
transmit power of an AICH and that of P-CPICH
Unit dB

Parameter PICHPowerOffset
Name PICH Power Offset
MML Command ADD UCHPWROFFSET and MOD UPICHPWROFFSET
Difference between the transmit power of PICH and
Meaning
that of PCPICH
Unit dB



 In downlink open loop power control, the initial transmission power is calculated
according to the downlink path loss between NodeB and UE.
 In uplink, since the uplink and downlink frequencies of WCDMA are in the same
frequency band, a significant correlation exists between the average path loss of
the two links. This make it possible for each UE to calculate the initial transmission
power required in the uplink based on the downlink path loss.
 However, there is 90MHz frequency interval between uplink and downlink
frequencies, the fading between the uplink and downlink is uncorrelated, so the
open loop power control is not absolutely accurate.


 In access procedure, the first signaling “RRC CONNECTION REQUEST” is

transmitted in message part on PRACH.
 Before PRACH message part transmission, UE will transmit PRACH preamble, and
the transmission power of first preamble is calculated by this PRACH open loop
power control.

The process of power control on the PRACH is as follows:

 The UE transmits the first preamble to the NodeB to start an access process.
 After UE transmit the first Preamble on PRACH, it will wait for the corresponding
AI (Acquisition Indicator) on the AICH.
 If no positive or negative AI on AICH is received after p-a time,
 UE shall increase preamble power by PowerRampStep, and
retransmit preamble.
 A preamble ramping procedure consists of several preamble
ramping cycles, which cannot exceed Mmax. In each cycle, the UE
retransmits preamble until the UE receives the acquisition indicator
or the number of retransmissions has reached PreambleRetransMax.
 If a negative AI on AICH is received by the UE after p-a time,
which indicates rejection of the preamble, the UE shall wait for a
certain “Back-off Delay” and re-initiate a new random access
process. The parameters NB01min and NB01max define the lower
and upper limits of the back-off delay. If the value of NB01min is
equal to that of NB01max, it means that the retransmission period
of the preamble part is fixed.
 When a positive AI on AICH is received by UE after p-a time,
 it will transmit the random access message after the uplink access
slot of the last preamble.
 The message part consists of two parts: the control part and the
data part. The power of the control part is the same as the power
of the last transmitted preamble plus a value defined by the
PowerOffsetPpm parameter. PowerOffsetPpm must be set for each
instance of PRACH TFC.

 In this formula, where

 PCPICHPower defines the PCPICH transmit power in a cell. It is broadcast
in SIB5.
 CPICH_RSCP means received signal code power, the received power
measured on the PCPICH. The measurement is performed by the UE.
 UL interference is the UL RTWP measured by the NodeB. It is broadcast in
SIB7.
 Constantvalue compensates for the RACH processing gain. It is broadcast
in SIB5.
 The initial value of PRACH power is set through open loop power control. UE
operation steps are as follows:
 1. Read “Primary CPICH DL TX power”, “UL interference” and “Constant
value” from system information;
 2. Measure the value of CPICH_RSCP;
 3. Calculate the Preamble_Initial_Power of PRACH.

Parameter Constantvalue
Name Constant Value for Calculating Initial TX Power
ADD UPRACHBASIC, LST UPRACH and MOD
MML Command
UPRACHUUPARAS
This parameter specifies a constant used at calculation
Meaning of the initial transmit power of the first preamble, to be
used in the random access procedure
GUI Value Range -35~-10
Unit dB
Actual Value Range -35~-10

Parameter AICHTxTiming
Name AICH Transmission Timing
MML Command ADD UAICH, LST UAICH, DEA UCELL and RMV UAICH
This parameter specifies the transmission timing
Meaning
information of an AICH relative to uplink PRACH.
GUI Value Range 0~1
Unit None
MML Default Value 1
Recommended Value 1

 AICHTxTiming
After UE transmit the first Preamble on PRACH, it will wait for the corresponding AI
(Acquisition Indicator) on the AICH. The timing relationship of PRACH and AICH is
as follow:
 There will be 3 parameters used to define the timing relationship:
 p-p: time interval between two PRACH preambles. p-p is not a fixed
value, it is decided by selecting access slot of PRACH preambles.
Here p-p has one restriction, it must be longer than a minimum
value p-p min, namely p-p p-p min.
 p-a: time interval between PRACH preamble and AICH Acquisition
Indicator. If UE sends the PRACH preamble, it will detect the
responding AI after p-a time.
 p-m: time interval between PRACH preamble and PRACH message
part. If UE sends the PRACH preamble and receives positive AI from
the AICH, it will send the message part after p-m time.

Parameter PowerRampStep
Name Power Increase Step
ADD UPRACHBASIC, LST UPRACH, and MOD
MML Command
UPRACHUUPARAS
The power ramp step of the random access preambles
Meaning transmitted before the UE receives the acquisition
indicator in the random access process
GUI Value Range 1~8
Unit dB
MML Default Value 2
Recommended Value 2

Parameter PreambleRetransMax
Name Max Preamble Retransmission
ADD UPRACHBASIC, LST UPRACH
MML Command
and MOD UPRACHUUPARAS
The maximum number of preambles transmitted in a
Meaning
preamble ramping cycle
Unit None

Parameter Mmax
Name Max Preamble Loop
ADD URACH, DEA UCELL, MOD URACH,
MML Command
and ACT UCELL.
The parameter specifies the maximum number of
Meaning
preambles to be used in one preamble ramping cycle
Unit None
MML Default Value 3
Recommended Value 3

Parameter NB01min / NB01max

Name Random back-off lower / upper limit
ADD URACH, DEA UCELL, MOD URACH,
MML Command
and ACT UCELL.
Meaning Lower/Upper limit of random access back-off delay
Unit frame
MML Default Value 0
Recommended Value 0

 The power of the data part is calculated with the following formula:
 Pcontrol is the power for the control part.
 βd is the power gain factor for the data part. The value is defined by the
GainFactorBetaD parameter.
 βc is the power gain factor for the control part. The value is defined by the
GainFactorBetaC parameter.
Parameter PowerOffsetPpm
Name Power Offset
ADD UPRACHTFC, LST UPRACH, DEA UCELL ,
MML Command
and RMV UPRACHTFC ,
The power offset between the last access preamble and the
message control part. The power of the message control
Meaning
part can be obtained by adding the offset to the access
preamble power
Unit dB
MML Default Value None
In signaling transmission mode, set PowerOffsetPpm
Recommended Value to -3; in service transmission mode, set
PowerOffsetPpm to -2

 PowerOffsetPpm
 Content: The power offset between the last access preamble and the
message control part. The power of the message control part can be
obtained by adding the offset to the access preamble power.
 Value range: -5 to 10
 Physical value range: -5 to 10; step: 1
 Physical unit: dB
 Set this parameter through ADD UPRACHTFC, query it through LST
UPRACH, and modify it de-activated the cell through DEA UCELL . After the
old configuration of PRACH is deleted through RMV UPRACHTFC , a new
parameters can be established through ADD UPRACHTFC.
 The power of the data part is calculated with the following formula:
 Pcontrol is the power for the control part.

 βd is the power gain factor for the data part. The value is defined by the
GainFactorBetaD parameter.
 βc is the power gain factor for the control part. The value is defined by the
GainFactorBetaC parameter.


 The transmit power on the PRACH cannot be greater than the maximum allowed
uplink transmit power
Parameter MaxAllowedUlTxPower
Name Max allowed UE UL TX power
ADD UCELLSELRESEL, LST UCELLSELRESEL,
MML Command
and MOD UCELLSELRESEL
The maximum allowed uplink transmit power of a
Meaning UE in the cell, which is related to the network
planning
Unit dBm


 According to the RRC connection establishment procedure, after RNC sent the
“RRC CONNECTION SETUP” message, UE will try to synchronize with NodeB, and
the uplink DPCCH starts to transmit, here DPCCH initial transmission power is
calculated through open loop power control.
 The power of the uplink DPDCH is set as a power offset (βd/βc) reference to the
uplink DPCCH. The uplink DPCCH and DPDCHs are transmitted through different
channel codes. To meet a given QoS requirement on the transport channels,
different TFCs use different power offsets.
 The RNC has a set of reference values (βc,ref and βd,ref) that are stored for each
predefined Radio Access Bearer (RAB) or Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB). βc,ref and
βd,ref can be configured by BETAC and BETAD on the RNC.
 The RNC calculates a new power offset for each TFC based on the reference values
dynamically and sends the power offset to the UE.

 The DPCCH_Power_Offset is calculated by the RNC with the following formula:

DPCCH_Power_Offset = PCPICHPower + Uplink interference
+ DefaultConstantValue
 where
 DPCCH_Power_Offset is the power offset of the DPCCH.
 PCPICHPower defines the P-CPICH transmit power in a cell. This value is

broadcast in SIB 5.
 Uplink interference is the uplink RTWP measured by the NodeB and sent to
the UE through the SIB 7.
 DefaultConstantValue is used to set the power offset of the DPCCH to a
conservative level to avoid excessive uplink. interference.
 Based on the upper formula, the initial power calculation formula for the uplink
DPCCH can be changed to the following , it’s similar to the formula for PRACH :
DPCCH_Initial_Power = PCPICHPower – CPICH_RSCP + UL Interference +
DefaultConstantValue
 Where :
The DefaultConstantValue parameter reflects the target Ec/No of the uplink

DPCCH.

Parameter DefaultConstantValue
Name Default Constant Value
MML Command SET UFRC, and LST UFRC
Constant that is used by the BSC6900 to
calculate the DPCCH_Power_Offset which is
Meaning
further used by the UE to calculate the UL
DPCCH_Initial_Power
GUI Value Range -35~-10
Unit 1dB
Actual Value Range -35~-10

MaxUlTxPowerforConv
MaxUlTxPowerforStr
Parameter
MaxUlTxPowerforInt
MaxUlTxPowerforBac
Max UL TX power of conversational service
Max UL TX power of streaming service
Name
Max UL TX power of interactive service
Max UL TX power of background service
MML Command ADD UCELLCAC, LST UCELLCAC, and MOD UCELLCAC
The maximum UL transmit power for specific services in
a cell. It is based on the UL coverage requirement of the
Meaning specific services designed by the network planning.
These power limitation just impact on the UEs in
connected mode
Unit dBm


 According to the RRC connection establishment procedure, after RNC received the
“RRC CONNECTION REQUEST” message, if the RNC decided to use Dedicated
Channel to bear the RRC connection, and the RNC told NodeB to set up the radio
link for UE, then Iub interface resources is established between NodeB and RNC.
 When DCH-FP of Iub interface finished downlink and uplink synchronization, the
downlink DPCH starts to transmit, and DPCH initial transmission power is
calculated through open loop power control.

 In this formula, where:

 Pinit is initial transmit code power for downlink DPDCH.
 PCPICH is the PCPICH power in a cell. The value is configured by the
PCPICHPower parameter on the RNC.
 R is the traffic rate requested by the UE and W is the chip rate (3.84 Mcps).
 (Eb/No)DL is the Eb/No target of the downlink DPDCH used to ensure the
service quality. Eb is the energy of a signal information bit and No is the
noise spectral density. The RNC estimates a value of Eb/No target
dynamically based on cell environment type and BLER target. We can
consider Eb/No target as SIR Target.
 (Ec/No)CPICH is the ratio of received energy per chip to noise spectral
density of the CPICH received by the UE, UE sends the measurement value
to RNC in RRC connection request message.
 Ptotal is the downlink transmitted carrier power measured on the NodeB
and reported to the RNC.
 Based on the above description for parameters in formula, we can change
formula to the following, the change help us to understand how to
calculate the downlink DPDCH initial power:
Pinit PCPICH
=
R ×( Eb/No )DL ( Ec/No )CPICH
W

 The downlink DPCCH consists of three fields: TFCI, TPC, and pilot. Their power is
set as the offset reference to the power of the downlink DPDCHs.
 The downlink power on the DPCCH and its associated DPDCHs is simultaneously
regulated. Therefore, power control adjusts the power of the DPCCH and DPDCHs
with the same step, and the power offset between the DPCCH and the DPDCH
keeps constant.
 Power offsets between the DPCCH and the DPDCH in the downlink are identical
for all TFCs in the TFCS, whereas in the uplink the power offsets are TFC-
dependent.
 The power offsets of TFCI, TPC and pilot fields of the DPCCH reference to the
power of DPDCHs are fixed to 0 dB, 3 dB, and 3 dB respectively.

Parameter RlMaxDlPwr/ RlMinDlPwr

Name Max allowed UE UL TX power
ADD UCELLRLPWR , LST UCELLRLPWR,
MML Command
and MOD UCELLRLPWR
RlMaxDlPwr: This parameter should fulfill the coverage
requirement of the network planning, and the value is
relative to PCPICH transmit power
Meaning RlMinDlPwr: This parameter should consider the
maximum downlink transmit power and the dynamic
range of power control, and the value is relative to
PCPICH transmit power
Unit 0.1dB
Recommended Value None

 Both downlink open loop and close loop power control will be limited by these
parameters in table.




Inner Loop Power Control:

 The receiver compares SIRmea (measured SIR) with SIRtar (target SIR), and decide the
TPC to send:
 If SIRmea is greater than SIRtar, the TPC is set as “0” to decrease transmission
power;
 Otherwise the TPC is set as “1” to increase transmission power.
 TPC is sent to the transmitter in DPCCH, the transmitter will adjust the power
according to the value of received TPC.
Outer Loop Power Control:
 The receiver compares BLERmea (measured BLER) with BLERtar (target BLER), and
decide how to set the SIRtar:

 If BLERmea is greater than BLERtar, the SIRtar is increased;
 If BLERmea is less than BLERtar, the SIRtar is decreased.
 The adjusted SIRtar is sent for the inner loop power control, then it will be used in
previous process to guide the transmitter power adjustment.


 RNC sends SIRtar (target SIR) to NodeB and then NodeB compares SIRmea (measured
SIR) with SIRtar:
 If the estimated SIR is greater than the target SIR, NodeB sends TPC “0” to
UE on downlink DPCCH TPC field;
 Otherwise, NodeB sends TPC “1” to UE.
 After reception of one or more TPC, UE shall derive a single TPC_cmd (TPC
command, with value among -1, 0, 1):
 Two algorithms could be used by the UE for deriving the TPC_cmd, those
are PCA1 and PCA2 (PCA means Power Control Algorithm).
 For UE is in soft handover state, more than one TPC is received, so firstly
multiple TPC_cmd is combined.
 When deriving the combined TPC_cmd, UE shall adjust the transmit power of
uplink DPCCH with a step “UL Closed Loop Power Control Step Size“, as following:
 △DPCCH =△TPC × TPC_cmd
 Where :
 △DPCCH is power increment/reduction on DPCCH
 TPC_cmd is calculated by the PCA1 or PCA2 according to the TPC
 △TPC is the step of power control. For PCA1, it’s determined by
UlTpcStepSize. For PCA2, the step size is fixed to 1dB.
 This adjustment is executed on the DPCCH, then associated DPDCH transmit power
is calculated according to DPDCH / DPCCH power ratio  d /  c.
 Pdpdch = Pdpcch × ( d /  c)2

 When UE has single radio link, only one TPC will be received in each slot. In this
case, the value of TPC_cmd shall be derived by PCA1 as follows:
 If the received TPC is equal to 0, then TPC_cmd for that slot is -1;
 If the received TPC is equal to 1, then TPC_cmd for that slot is 1.
 According to DPCCH channel structure, there are 15 time slots in a 10ms radio
frame, and the control is performed once in each time slot, so the frequency of
uplink inner loop PCA1 is 1500Hz.

 When UE has single radio link, only one TPC will be received in each slot. In this
case, the value of TPC_cmd shall be derived by PCA2 as follows:
 For the first 4 slots of a set, TPC_cmd = 0.
 For the fifth slot of a set, UE make the decisions on as follows:
 If all 5 TPCs within a group are 1, then TPC_cmd = 1 in the 5th slot;
 If all 5 TPCs within a group are 0, then TPC_cmd = -1 in the 5th slot;
 Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0 in the 5th slot.
 According to DPCCH channel structure, there are 15 time slots in a 10ms radio
frame, and the control is performed once in each 5-slot group, so the frequency of
uplink inner loop PCA2 is 300Hz.

 On the NodeB side, there are two phases during the soft handover state:
 Uplink synchronization phase
The NodeB should send durative “TPC = 1” to the newly-added RL before
successful uplink synchronization.
 Multi-radio link phase
 Each cell will estimate the SIR individually and the generate TPC
individually.
 Especially , when UE is in softer handover state, it means UE has
radio links to the same NodeB, in this case these RLs(Radio Link)
belong to the same RLS(Radio Link Set), and the all TPCs are the
same from each RL.
 Therefore , when UE enters soft handover state, the UE may receive different TPC
from different RLS, and the UE should combine these TPCs before deriving
TPC_CMD.

 When UE is in soft handover state, multiple TPC will be received in each slot from
different cells in the active set. UE will generate the TPC_cmd by PCA1 as follows:
 1. Combine the TPCs from the same RLS and derive the Wi
 When the RLs (Radio Link) are in the same RLS (Radio Link Set), they will
transmit the same TPC in a slot. In this case, the TPCs from the same RLS
shall be combined into one.
 After combination, UE will obtain a soft symbol decision Wi for each RLSi.
 2. Combine the TPCs from different RLSs and derive the TPC_cmd
 UE derives TPC_cmd, it is based on a function  and all the N soft symbol
decisions Wi:
TPC_cmd =  (W1, W2, … WN),
Where TPC_cmd can only take the values 1 or -1.
 In Huawei implementation, the function  shall fulfil the following criteria:
If the TPCs from all RLSs are “1”, the output of  shall be equal to “1”;
If one TPC from any RLS is “0”, the output of  shall be equal to “-1”.

 When UE is in soft handover state, multiple TPC will be received in each slot from
different cells in the active set. UE will generate the TPC_cmd by PCA2 as follows:
 1. Combine the TPC from the same RLS
 When the RLs are in the same RLS, they will transmit the same TPC in a slot.
In this case, the TPCs from the same RLS shall be combined into one.
 2. Calculate the TPC_tempi for each RLS
UE derives TPC_tempi through the same way in the last slide, as follows:
 For the first 4 slots of a group, TPC_tempi = 0.
 For the 5th slot of a group:
 If all 5 TPCs within a group are 1, then TPC_tempi = 1 in the 5th
slot;
 If all 5 TPCs within a group are 0, then TPC_tempi = -1 in the 5th

slot;
 Otherwise, TPC_tempi = 0 in the 5th slot.

 3. Calculate the TPC_cmd
UE derives TPC_cmd through the following criteria:
 If any TPC_tempi is equal to -1, TPC_cmd is set to -1;
1 N
 If  TPC _ tempi  0.5 , TPC_cmd = 1;
N i 1
 Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0.

 The example of the uplink inner loop PCA2 in soft handover state.

Parameter PwrCtrlAlg
Name Power control algorithm selection
MML Command SET UFRC, LST UFRC, and SET UFRC
This parameter is used to inform the UE of the

method for translating the received Transmit Power
Meaning
Control (TPC) commands. In other words, it is used
to select UL power control algorithm
GUI Value Range ALGORITHM1, ALGORITHM2
Unit None
Actual Value Range ALGORITHM1, ALGORITHM2
Recommended Value ALGORITHM1

Parameter UlTpcStepSize
Name UL Closed Loop Power Control Step
MML Command SET UFRC, LST UFRC and SET UFRC
The step size of the closed loop power control

performed on UL DPDCH. This parameter is
Meaning
mandatory when the parameter “PwrCtrlAlg” is set
as ALGORITHM1
GUI Value Range 1~2
Unit None
Actual Value Range dB
Recommended Value 1


 Basically the downlink inner loop power control process is similar with uplink, UE
L3 sends SIRtar to UE L1 and then UE L1 compares SIRmea with SIRtar:
 If the SIRmea is greater than the SIRtar, UE sends TPC “0” to NodeB on uplink
DPCCH TPC field;
 Otherwise, UE sends TPC “1” to the NodeB.
 The UE shall check the downlink power control mode before generating the TPC,
two algorithm DPC_MODE 0 and DPC_MODE 1 could be used by UE to derive the
TPC.
 Upon receiving the TPC, if the DPC_MODE is 0 , the NodeB shall use the TPC to
generate the TPCest(k). If the DPC_MODE is 1, the NodeB shall use the three
continuous TPCs received to generate the TPCest(k).
 Then The NodeB will use TPCest(k) to calculate PTPC(k), PTPC(k) is the downlink
power adjustment.
 In the end, the NodeB shall adjust the current downlink power P(k-1) to a new
downlink power P(k), and adjust the power of the DPCCH and DPDCH with the
same amount, since power difference between them is fixed.

 The DPC_MODE parameter is a UE specific parameter controlled by the UTRAN.

 The UE shall check the DPC_MODE (Downlink Power Control Mode) before
generating the TPC, and upon receiving the TPC, the NodeB shall adjust its
downlink DPCH power accordingly.

Parameter DpcMode
Name DL power control mode
MML Command SET UFRC, LST UFRC and SET UFRC
This parameter specifies the downlink power control mode
- SINGLE_TPC, a fast power control mode, indicates that a
unique TPC command is sent in each timeslot on the UL DPCCH
- TPC_TRIPLET_IN_SOFT, a slow power control mode, indicates
that the same TPC command is sent over three timeslots. It is
Meaning
applicable to soft handover, and it can decrease the power
deviation
- TPC_AUTO_ADJUST, an automatic adjustment mode, indicates
that the value of DPC_MODE can be modified by sending the
ACTIVE SET UPDATE message to the UE
SINGLE_TPC (DPC_MODE = 0), TPC_TRIPLET_IN_SOFT
GUI Value Range
(DPC_MODE = 1), TPC_AUTO_ADJUST
Unit None
Actual Value Range SINGLE_TPC, TPC_TRIPLET_IN_SOFT, TPC_AUTO_ADJUST
Recommended Value SINGLE_TPC



 From the definition above, sum(k) indicates the sum of downlink power adjustment
in the latest DL_Power_Average_Window_Size .
 Power_Raise_Limit is set to 10dB.
 DL_Power_Averaging_Window_Size is set to 20.

Parameter PC_INNER_LOOP_LMTED_PWR_INC_SWITCH
This is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control
Name
switch) parameter
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH, LST
MML Command UCORRMALGOSWITCH,
and SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH
When the switch is on, the limited power increase
Meaning
function is used for DL inner loop power control
GUI Value Range 1, 0
Unit None
Actual Value Range ON, OFF
Recommended Value OFF

Parameter FddTpcDlStepSize
Name FDD DL power control step size
MML Command SET UFRC, LST UFRC, and SET UFRC
This parameter specifies the step size of the closed-
Meaning loop power control performed on DL DPCH in
Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) mode
STEPSIZE_0.5DB, STEPSIZE_1DB, STEPSIZE_1.5DB,
GUI Value Range
STEPSIZE_2DB
Unit dB
Actual Value Range 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2
Recommended Value STEPSIZE_1DB


 The main reason of outer loop power control:

 The QoS of Signaling or Traffic is BLER, not SIR.
 The purpose of outer loop power control:
 The aim is to maintain the communication quality at the level required by
the service through adjustment of SIR target.
 The relationship between inner loop power control and outer loop power control:
 SIRtar should be satisfied with the requirement of decoding correctly. But
different multi-path radio environments request different SIRtar. Therefore,
the outer loop power control can adjust the SIRtar to get a stable BLER in
the changeable radio environment.

 Uplink outer-loop power control is performed in the SRNC. The SRNC measures the
received BLER and compares it with the BLERtar :
 If the BLERmea is greater than the BLERtar, the SRNC increases the SIRtar.
 If the BLERmea is smaller than the BLERtar, the SRNC decreases the SIRtar.
 After adjusting the SIRtar, the SRNC sends the new SIRtar to the NodeBs for uplink
inner loop power control through Frame Protocol (FP) frames.

 The initial SIR target value is transmitted to the NodeB by using NBAP signaling of
each RADIO LINK SETUP or RADIO LINK RECONFIGURATION PREPARE messages.

 According to the formula above,

 SIRtar(n) is the target SIR used for the n:th adjustment period.
 MAX means the maximum value among the total i transmission channels.
 BLERmeas,i (n) is measured for the i:th transmission channel in the n:th
adjustment period.
 BLERtar,i is the target BLER of the i:th transmission channel,which could be
defined by the BLERQuality parameter.
 Stepi is the adjustment step of the i:th transmission channel, which could
be defined by the SirAdjustStep parameter..
 In case of multi-service:
 The maximum value of the SIR target among multiple services is used for
the SIR target adjustment.
 If one of the services requires increase in the SIR target, the reconfigured
SIR target cannot exceed that maximum value.
 The maximum value can be decreased only when all the services require
decrease in the SIR target.

 Where,
 SIRtar is the adjustment of SIRtar, and SIRtar = SIRtar (n+1) - SIRtar (n).
 ABS (SIRtar) means absolute value of SIRtar.

 Where,
 I/B: Interactive and Background.
 Set the BLERtarget of Service through ADD UTYPRABOLPC, query it through LST
UTYPRABOLPC, and modify it through MOD UTYPRABOLPC.

Parameter PC_OLPC_SWITCH
This is one switch in PcSwitch (Power control
Name
switch) parameter
SET UCORRMALGOSWITCH, LST
MML Command UCORRMALGOSWITCH, and SET
UCORRMALGOSWITCH
When the switch is on, the RNC updates the UL SIR
Meaning TARGET of radio links on the NodeB side through IUB
DCH FP in-band signaling
GUI Value Range 1, 0
Unit None
Actual Value Range ON, OFF
Recommended Value ON

Parameter OLPC adjustment period

Name OLPC adjustment period
ADD UTYPRABOLPC, LST UTYPRABOLPC, and ADD
MML Command
UTYPRABOLPC
This parameter is set to a large value, UEs cannot process
channel changes in time, causing the QoS to deteriorate and
Meaning wasting power resources. If this parameter is set to a very
small value, the target SIR is sharply adjusted. Such great
fluctuations cause uplink cell capacity to decrease
Unit 10ms
Recommended Value The same as the TTI

Parameter SirAdjustStep
Name SIR adjustment step
ADD UTYPRABOLPC, LST UTYPRABOLPC,
MML Command
and ADD UTYPRABOLPC
Step for adjusting the target SIR on the DCH in the optimized
outer loop power control algorithm
If this parameter is set to a very large value, the target SIR is
Meaning quickly adjusted. Such great fluctuations affect signal quality
over the Uu interface. If this parameter is set to a very small
value, the target SIR is slowly adjusted and as a result errors
may occur in multiple consecutive blocks
Unit 0.001dB

Parameter BLERQuality
Name Target value of service DCH_BLER
ADD UTYPRABOLPC, LST UTYPRABOLPC,
MML Command
and ADD UTYPRABOLPC
Target transmission quality of DCH, that is, target BLER of
Meaning
DCH on the radio interface if the subflow is carried on DCH
Unit None
Actual Value Range 5*10^(-7)~1

 In an optimal condition, the BER target is the average BER after filtering within the
adjustment period. The BER target is obtained before the DTX period starts during
the outer-loop power control period. During soft handover, the BER target is the
minimum value among all the links. When the BLER is a constant, the BER on the
DPCCH can vary within a limited range.
 If the UE is in DTX, the NodeB measures the BER on the UL DPCCH and send it to
RNC through IUB DCH FP Frame.
 Upon receiving the BER, the RNC compares it with the BER target.
 If the measured BER is greater than the BER target, the OLPC increases the
SIR target.
 If the measured BER is smaller than the BER target, the OLPC decreases the
SIR target.

 The downlink outer loop power control is implemented inside the UE. Therefore,
this algorithm is specified by UE manufacturer.
 BLERtar carrys on the signaling“RRC CONNECTION SETUP”to UE.
 The information signaled to the UE by the RNC is a quality target for each radio
bearer, expressed as a BLER target. Then, depending on the manufacturer specific
outer-loop power control algorithm, an initial SIR target value can be deduced
from this BLER value.
 Generally, the UE L3(RRC Layer) measures the received BLER and compares it with
the BLERtar :
 If the BLERmea is greater than the BLERtar, the L3 increases the SIRtar and
send it to UE L1(Physical Layer).
 If the BLERmea is smaller than the BLERtar, the L3 decreases the SIRtar.


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2 WCDMA RAN15 Power Control Algorithm and Parameters ISSUE 1.01

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WCDMA RAN15 Power Control Algorithm and Parameters

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 CDMA system have the embedded characteristics of self-interference, for uplink

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Parameter PSCHPower and SSCHPower

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 In access procedure, the first signaling “RRC CONNECTION REQUEST” is

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The process of power control on the PRACH is as follows:

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 In this formula, where

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Parameter NB01min / NB01max

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 Pcontrol is the power for the control part.

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 The DPCCH_Power_Offset is calculated by the RNC with the following formula:

 DPCCH_Power_Offset is the power offset of the DPCCH.

 PCPICHPower defines the P-CPICH transmit power in a cell. This value is

conservative level to avoid excessive uplink. interference.

The DefaultConstantValue parameter reflects the target Ec/No of the uplink

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 In this formula, where:

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Parameter RlMaxDlPwr/ RlMinDlPwr

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