Analysis of statically determinate

structures
Prepared by Dr. Xiaodong Huang

Revised by Dr. Sawekchai Tangaramvong

School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University

Content
• Method of sections
• Shear and moment functions
• Shear and moment diagrams
Method of sections
Before a structural member can be proportioned, it is necessary to
determine the force and moment that act within it (internal
loadings or forces). The internal load at a specified point in a
member can be determined by using the method of sections.

w V
N
M
x
Sign Convention:
+ Draw the moment diagram positive
M M on the tension side of the member.
-
Sign Convention
Draw the moment diagram positive on the tension side of the member.
+
M M
-
e.g.

w V
The cut section is on the
right-hand side
x M

The cut section is on the

M left-hand side
V x
Example
50kN/m 300kN
Draw the shear and
150kNm moment diagrams of
A 3.6m B C
the beam.
6m
 Support Reactions
50kN/m 300kN
The reactions at the
150kNm fixed end.
A 3.6m B C
6m
+ F y  0:
180kN
300kN VA  180  300  0
MA 150kNm VA  480kN
+ M
A B C
 0:
VA A

M A  180 1.8  300  6  150  0

M A  2274kNm
 Shear and Moment Functions
50kN/m 300kN
For segment AB 0  x1  3.6m

F
150kNm
A 3.6m B C + y  0:
x1
6m 480  50 x1  V  0
x2
V  480  50 x1
50x1
+  M  0:
V x1
2274kNm
M 2274  480 x1  50 x1  M 0
A 2
480kN
x1 M  25 x1  480 x1  2274
2
 Shear and Moment Functions
50kN/m 300kN
For segment AB 0  x1  3.6m
150kNm
A 3.6m B C V  480  50 x1
x1
6m M  25 x12  480 x1  2274
x2
For segment BC 3.6m  x2  6m
180kN
V + F y  0:
2274kNm
A B
M 480  180  V  0
480kN
x2
V  300kN
+  M  0:
2274  480 x2  180  ( x2  1.8)  M  0
M  300 x2  1950
 Shear Force Diagram
50kN/m 300kN
For segment AB 0  x1  3.6m
150kNm
A 3.6m B C V  480  50 x1
x1
6m M  25 x12  480 x1  2274
x2
For segment BC 3.6m  x2  6m
V V  300kN
480kN 300kN 300kN
M  300 x2  1950
SFD: x
 Bending Moment Diagram
50kN/m 300kN
For segment AB 0  x1  3.6m
150kNm
A 3.6m B C V  480  50 x1
x1
6m M  25 x12  480 x1  2274
x2
For segment BC 3.6m  x2  6m
V V  300kN
480kN 300kN 300kN
M  300 x2  1950
SFD: x

M
2274kNm

870kNm
150kNm
BMD:
Example 2 – Frame

Draw bending
moment diagram?
 Example

C D

Reactions: r = 3
This structure is a statically
Equilibrium Equations: 3n = 3x1 = 3
determinate structure.
 Example
+
F
x  0 : Ax  5  0
Ax  5kN

Ax

Ay
By
 Example
+
F x  0 : Ax  5  0
Ax  5kN
+ F
y  0:
Ay  By  10  0

Ax

Ay
By
 Example
+
F x  0 : Ax  5  0
Ax  5kN
+ F y  0:
Ay  By  10  0

+ M A  0:
By  2  10 1  5  2  0
By  10kN
Ax
Thus: Ay  0kN
Ay
By
Sign convention of bending moment
Draw the moment diagram positive on the tension side of the
member. Normally we draw the positive moment above the beam,
therefore the positive bending moment bends the horizontal beam
upward. The positive bending moment bends the vertical beams
outside.
+
M M
- N
M M M
e.g. V

+ - - +
A
M M
A B
Example
For section AC:

N
C M
D V

5kN

0 kN

5kN

0 kN 10kN
Example
For section AC:
N
M
V
C D
10kNm
x

5kN

0 kN
+ M  0:
 5 x  M  0
5kN M  5 x
When x=0 (point A); M=0
0 kN 10kN
When x=2m (point C); M=-10kNm
 Example
For Section CE:
x
N
C E D V M
10kNm

10kNm

5kN

0 kN

5kN + M  0:
 5 2  M  0
0 kN 10kN M  10kNm
 Example
For Section ED:

V M
C E D
10kNm x
10kNm

5kN

0 kN
5kN + M  0:
0 kN
 5  2  10  x  M  0
10kN
M  10 x  10
 Example
For Section BD:
N
M
C E V
D
10kNm x
10kNm

10kN

+ M  0:
5kN
M 0

0 kN 10kN
 Discussion
At Joint C:
V
C
C E N
D
10kNm V M
M
10kNm N

The bending moment at the rigid

joint of the vertical beam is always
equal to the bending moment at the
same point of the horizontal beam.
5kN

0 kN 10kN
 Deflection
1) Sidesway

C E D
10kNm

10kNm

5kN

0 kN 10kN
 Deflection
2) Rotations at joints

C E D
10kNm

10kNm

5kN

0 kN 10kN
 Deflection
3) deformation of members

C E D
10kNm

10kNm

5kN

0 kN 10kN
 Summary
Analysis of a statically determinate structure.
• Determine the support reactions and resolve the reactions
forces/moments acting on the structure.
• Imaginarily “cut” the structure at an appropriate section. Specify
coordinates x starting from one end of the structure to the “cut” .
• After the section is made, draw a free-body diagram of the segment
(keep all distributed loadings, moments and forces acting on the
member). At the section indicate the unknown resultants V and M
acting in their positive direction.
• M is obtained by summing moments about the cut point.
• Plot the values of moment for each segment.
 Activities
• Solve problems SA 2-17 to 2-21, 2-23, 2-25, 2-26, 2-34 to 2-36, 2-41, 2-42 of
Hibbeler, Structural Analysis