EVOLUTION OF PHOTOGRAPHY

AS AN ART

Lightscriber’s
Photography Cognizance Program
 Photography, is it an Art form?
There are three fundamental components of what we call art:
1. the art work Your photograph
2. the medium Your camera
3. the artist You
The fundamental idea, is that the artist produces an art work within a selected medium…

 Photography has struggled, through one and a

half centuries, now, to place itself as a fine art.
 To many people, photography has seemed to
be merely a reproductive medium. The
medium and the work were clear, but the role
of the photographer as an artist was not.
 Many people assumed that the photographer
was simply a technician who "operated the
medium" and, in that way, produced a
photograph.
Dorothea Lange
 History of Photography

1. Invention of Photography – Camera Obscura, Nicephore Niepce, Daguerre, Henry Talbot – Digital era

1. Civil War Era Photography - Matthew Brady, Alexander Gardner, Timothy O'Sullivan, George Barnard
2. Westward Expansion Photography – William Henry Jackson, Edward S. Curtis, Solomon Butcher
3. Social Documentary Photography- Henry Mayhew, Lewis Hine, Jacob Riis
4. Photography in the Depression Era - Dorothea Lange, Walker Evans, Farm Security Administration
5. Mass Market Photography – Eastman Kodak, Brownie camera, Leica camera, polaroid camera
6. Naturalistic, F/64 Photographers – Ansel Adams, Imogene Cunningham, Edward Weston, Paul Strand
7. Documentary Photography - Robert Frank, Diane Arbus, Garry Winogrand, Lee Friedlander
8. World War II Photography – Robert Capa, Margaret Bourke-White, W. Eugene Smith, Life Magazine
9. Photojournalism - Henri Cartier-Bresson, Weegee, Alfred Eisenstadt
10. Celebrity Photographers - Yousuf Karsh, Leigh Wiener, Annie Liebowitz, Skip Bolen
11. Fashion Photography - Edward Steichen, Richard Avedon, Irving Penn, Louise Dahl-Wolfe
12. Surrealist Photography - Jerry Uelsmann, Man Ray, Lee Miller, Maurice Tabard
 Invention of Photography

The word photography came from

two Greek words that mean
"writing with light." The first time
the word "photography" was used
was in 1839, the year the invention
of the photographic process was
made public, by Sir John Herschel.
However, in 1832, a little-known French-
Brazilian inventor Hercules Florence studied
ways of permanently fixing camera obscura
images, which he named "photographia".
Sir John Herschel
 Invention of Photography
The Chinese were the first people to write about the basic idea of the pinhole camera
or "camera obscura" (Latin words meaning "dark room"). About 5th Century B.C. they
wrote about how an image was formed upside down on a wall from a pinhole on the
opposite wall.

About 4th Century B.C. the famous philosopher Aristotle

talked about a pinhole image formation in his work. He
wondered why "when light shines through a rectangular
peep-hole, it appears circular in the form of a cone?"
 Invention of Photography

In the 1500s many artists, including

Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci, used
the "camera obscura" to help them draw
pictures. A person or object would be It was painted
outside the dark room and their image was about 1660 by Jan
van der Meer van
reflected on a piece of paper and the artist
Delft
would trace it.

The camera
obscura is believed
to have been used
in this painting by
Jan Vermeer. He
painted this in
1665.
 Invention of Photography

The Camera Obscura was made portable by the

1700s by putting it in a box with a pinhole on
one side and a glass screen on the other. Light
coming through this pinhole projected an image
onto the glass screen, where the artist could
easily trace it by hand. Artists soon discovered
that they could obtain an even sharper image by
using a small lens in place of the pinhole.
 Invention of Photography

In 1727 a German professor,

Johann Heinrich Schulze,
observed that silver salts
darkened when exposed to
light. But the idea of making
pictures using this
information did not occur to
him. That invention
required the talents of a
later generation of
scientists.
 Invention of Photography

The birth of photography

happened in 1826 when a
French scientist, Joseph
Nicephore Niepce, put a plate
coated with bitumen (an
asphalt used in ancient times
as a cement or mortar) in a
camera obscura. He put the
camera obscura facing his
house for eight hours and
made a photograph. It is the
earliest camera photograph
that we still have today. Here
is that first photograph.
"View from the Window at Le Gras, France"
 Invention of Photography

Niepce (left) began sharing his findings with Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre (right), an
artist who owned a theatre in Paris. They became partners three years later. Daguerre's
most important discovery came in 1835, two years after Niepce died.
 Invention of Photography

Daguerre found that the chemical compound silver iodide was much more sensitive to
light than Niepce's bitumen. He put a copper plate coated with silver iodide in a camera
obscura, exposed this plate to light for a short time, then to fumes of mercury and an
image appeared! One problem remained, the image darkened over time. Two years later
he solved this problem by washing away remaining silver iodide with a solution of warm
water and table salt.

Daguerre Still life - 1837 One of the first daguerreotypes that was taken
in 1839. It is a picture of Port Ripetta, Rome.
Invention of Photography

Three weeks after Daguerre's announcement an English amateur scientist,

William Henry Fox Talbot, read about the daguerreotype and realized that
this invention was a lot like his own unpublicized process that he called
photogenic drawing. He quickly tried to claim priority over Daguerre and
presented his process in a paper to the Royal Society in London, England.

In Talbot's process he first coated a sheet of drawing

paper with the chemical compound silver chloride, then
he put it in a camera obscura where it produced an
image with the tones reversed (a negative). He then
placed the negative against another coated sheet of
paper to produce a positive image. Talbot did not find a
way to make the image permanent until a month after
Daguerre's announcement, but his process, later
improved and renamed the calotype, is the basis for
most modern film technology which relies on negatives
to produce many positive prints.
 Invention of Photography

The daguerreotype was the method of photography that first took the world by storm.
With improvements the daguerreotype quickly proved a great way to make portraits of
people. One year after the daguerreotype was invented, daguerreotype studios
throughout Europe and America were producing detailed likenesses. People gazed in
amazement at their own image in these "mirrors with a memory."

This is a picture of one of the first commercially made

daguerreotype cameras that was made in 1839. It was
designed by Mr. Daguerre, the inventor of the
daguerreotype.
 Invention of Photography

Photography arrived in
America because the man who
invented the telepgraph
system, Samual F. B. Morse,
was so excited about it. He saw
a demonstration of the
daguerreotype in Paris and
returned to America and
spread the news.
Daguerreotypes remained
popular in America into the
1850's, long after European
photographers had switched to
the improved process
developed from Talbot's
positive/negative method.
Daguerreotype of Samuel Morse
 Invention of Photography

Portraits of people were the most

popular type of photographs
taken in the 1800's. Photographic
portraits were much less
expensive than painted ones,
they took less time and were
more accurate. People who
painted people’s portraits quickly
went out of business or became
daguerreotypists themselves.
 Invention of Photography

Another improvement...

In 1851 English photographer

Frederick Scott Archer invented a
wet-plate process called collodion.
This was like Talbot's process but
the negatives were made of smooth
glass instead of paper. This
produced sharper images and lasted
longer than paper so it was easier to
produce many paper prints from
one glass negative.

Army Post Office tent in Virginia during the Civil

War. Collodian picture taken April 1863 by
Timothy O'Sullivan.
 Invention of Photography

A less expensive process was the tintype which used an iron plate instead of a
glass plate. During the Civil War tintypes were the type of photography that was
used the most. Tintype photographers often worked from the back of horse-
drawn wagons photographing pioneer families and Union soldiers.

Picture of a photographer's wagon during the Tintype of civil war soldiers

Civil War in 1863 in Virginia. Timothy O'Sullivan
took this photograph.
 Invention of Photography
The Civil War in America was the first war to be thoroughly recorded by photography.
American photographer Mathew Brady saw the importance of documenting the conflict
at its beginning and organized a team of photographers to cover different battlefronts.
They took 7,000 pictures!

Two of Mathew Brady's employees went on to

become two of the best-known photographers of the
Photograph of George Armstrong American West, Timothy O'Sullivan and Andrew J.
Custer (on right) and a Confederate Russell. They produced large prints of spectacular
prisoner during the Civil War. land forms and people of the west.
 Invention of Photography

Birth of “motion” pictures

Leland Stanford started a chain of events that contributed to the
development of motion pictures. To settle a wager regarding the
position of a trotting horse's legs, he sent for Eadweard Muybridge, a
British photographer who had recently been acclaimed for his
photographs of Yosemite.

Although Muybridge initially considered the

task impossible, he made history when he
arranged 12 cameras alongside a race track.
Each was fitted with a shutter working at a
speed he claimed to be "less than the two-
thousandth part of a second." Strings attached
to electric switches were stretched across the
track; the horse, rushing past, breasted the
strings and broke them, one after the other; the
shutters were released by an electromagnetic
control, and a series of negatives made.
Invention of Photography

Kodak Cameras

George Eastman, was only 24 years old when he set

up his Eastman Dry Plate Company in New York in
1880 and the first half-tone photograph appeared in
a daily newspaper. In 1888 he introduced the first
Kodak camera that cost $25.00 (a great deal of
money then). It had a 20 foot roll of paper, (enough
for 100 pictures) already put in it. To get the film
developed you had to return the camera to the
Eastman Dry Plate Company in Rochester, New York.
For $10.00 they would develop the photographs,
put more film in your camera and mail everything
back to you. One year later an improved Kodak
camera with a roll of film instead of a 20 foot roll of
paper appeared.
 Invention of Photography

Mr. Eastman wanted everybody to be able to take photographs. He worked

hard to develop a camera that everybody could afford to buy. He did it in
1900. It was the Kodak Brownie box roll-film camera. It cost $1.00. Now
everyone could take photographs, not just professional photographers.

Photograph taken with a

Brownie camera. Notice how
the photograph is round, just
like the opening in the camera
 Invention of Photography
Color Photographs
People tried to make color photographs since 1860. First Color Photograph - James Clerk Maxwell
The Autochrome process, introduced in France in 1907 by Auguste and Louis Lumière, was the first
practical colour photography process. It used a colour screen (a glass plate covered with grains of
starch dyed to act as primary-colour filters and black dust that blocked all unfiltered light) coated
with a thin film of panchromatic (i.e., sensitive to all colours) emulsion, and it resulted in a positive
colour transparency. Because Autochrome was a colour transparency and could be viewed only by
reflected light, however, researchers continued to look for improvements and alternative colour
processes.

In 1935 Leopold Godowsky, Jr., and Leopold Mannes, two American

musicians working with the Kodak Research Laboratories, initiated the
modern era of colour photography with their invention of Kodachrome
film. With this reversal (slide) film, colour transparencies could be
obtained that were suitable both for projection and for reproduction. A
year later the Agfa Company of Germany developed the Agfacolor
negative-positive process, but owing to World War II the film did not
become available until 1949. Meanwhile, in 1942 Kodak introduced the
Kodacolor negative-positive film that 20 years later—after many
improvements in quality and speed and a great reduction in price—would
become the most popular film used for amateur photography.
 Invention of Photography

The first digitally scanned photograph was produced in 1957 invented by Russell
A. Kirsch, a computer pioneer at the National Institute of Standards and
Technology. He developed the system capable of feeding a camera's images into
a computer. His first fed image was that of his son, Walden Kirsch. The photo
was set at 176x176 pixels

 The first recorded attempt at building a digital camera was in 1975 by Steven Sasson, an engineer
at Eastman Kodak. It used the then-new solid-state CCD image sensor chips. The camera weighed 8
pounds (3.6 kg), recorded black and white images to a cassette tape, had a resolution of
0.01 megapixels (10,000 pixels), and took 23 seconds to capture its first image in December 1975.
The prototype camera was a technical exercise, not intended for production.
 1983: Kodak introduces disk camera, using an 8x11mm frame
 The first true digital camera that recorded images as a computerized file was the Fuji DS-1P of
1988, which recorded to a 16 MB internal memory card that used a battery to keep the data in
memory. This camera was never marketed.
 The first commercially available digital camera was the 1990 Dycam Model 1; it also sold as the
Logitech Fotoman. It used a CCD image sensor, stored pictures digitally, and connected directly to a
computer for download
 Invention of Photography – Last Mile

1985: Minolta markets the world's first autofocus SLR system (called "Maxxum" in
the US)
1987: The popular Canon EOS system introduced, with new all-electronic lens mount
1990: Adobe Photoshop released.
1991: Kodak DCS-100, first digital SLR
1992: Kodak introduces PhotoCD
1999: Nikon D1 SLR, 2.74 megapixel for $6000, first ground-up DSLR design.
2000: Camera phone introduced in Japan by Sharp/J-Phone
2001: Polaroid goes bankrupt
2003: Four-Thirds standard for compact digital SLRs introduced with the Olympus E-1;
Canon Digital Rebel introduced for less than $1000
2004: Kodak ceases production of film cameras
2005: Canon EOS 5D, first consumer-priced full-frame digital SLR, with a 24x36mm
CMOS sensor for $3000
 Few Historical Images
First Photograph
1825 - Nicéphore Niépce

Modern 35mm Film Invented

1934 - Kodak

First Digitally Scanned Photograph

1957 - Russell Kirsch was a computer
pioneer at the National Institute of
Standards and Technology in the USA

First Color Photograph

1861 - James Clerk Maxwell

First Color Landscape

1877 - Louis Arthur Ducos du Hauron
 Evolution of Photography Styles
Understanding the context – History of Visual Art
 Evolution of Photography Styles

Portraiture - From the medium’s beginnings, the portrait became one of photography’s most
popular genres.

Photojournalism - From the outset, photography served the press. Within weeks after the
French government’s announcement of the process in 1839, magazines were publishing
woodcuts or lithographs with the byline “from a daguerreotype.” . Earliest illustrated
weeklies—The Illustrated London News, which started in May 1842, and L’Illustration, based in
Paris from its first issue in March

Landscape and architectural documentation - From the earliest days of the medium, landscape,
architecture, and monuments were appealing subjects for photographers. From the late 1850s
through the 1870s, British photographers were particularly active in recording the natural
landscape and monuments of the empire’s domains: Francis Frith worked in Egypt and Asia
Minor, producing three albums of well-composed images; Samuel Bourne photographed
throughout India .

Social documentary photography - The recognition of the power of photography to persuade

and inform led to a form of documentary photography known as social documentation, or
social photography. The origins of the genre can be traced to the classic sociological study
issued by Henry Mayhew in 1851
 Photography as an Art

Photographic societies —
Began to form in the mid-19th century, giving rise to the
consideration of photography as an aesthetic medium. In
1853 the Photographic Society, parent of the present Royal
Photographic Society, was formed in London, and in the
following year the Société Française de Photographie was
founded in Paris. Toward the end of the 19th century, similar
societies appeared in Germaney, eastern Europe, and India.
Some were designed to promote photography generally,
while others emphasized only artistic expression. Along with
these organizations, journals promoting photography as art
also appeared.

Artistic View —
In response to this desire to create photographs that would
fit an established conception of what “art” should be, several
photographers began to combine several negatives to make
one print. O.G. Rejlander joined 30 negatives to produce a
31-by-16-inch print entitled The Two Ways of Life (1857)
 Photography as an Art

Naturalistic photography
Opposing this strategies, in the 1880s the English photographer Peter Henry Emerson proposed
that photographs should reflect nature, offer “the illusion of truth,” and be produced without
using retouching techniques, recombining multiple prints, or utilizing staged settings, models,
and costumes. He believed that the unique qualities of tone, texture, and light inherent in
photography made it a unique art form, making any embellishments used for the sake of “art”
unnecessary.

Pictorialism and the Linked Ring

The ideas of Newton, Rejlander, Robinson, and Emerson—while seemingly varied—all pursued
the same goal: to gain acceptance for photography as a legitimate art form. These efforts to
gain acceptance were all encompassed within Pictorialism, a movement that crystallized in the
1890s and early 1900s. In 1892 the Brotherhood of the Linked Ring was founded in Britain by
Robinson, George Davidson, a leader of the Art Nouveau movement, and others dissatisfied
with the scientific bias of the London Photographic Society. The group held annual exhibitions,
which they called salons. Similar Pictorialist groups formed in other countries. These included
the Photo-Club of Paris, the Trifolium of Austria, and like associations in Germany and Italy.
Unity of purpose enabled members to exchange ideas and images with those who had similar
outlooks in other countries.
 Photography as an Art

The Photo-Secession - At the turn of the 20th century, one of the Mount Williamson—Clearing Storm,
photograph by Ansel Adams, 1944
most influential Pictorialist groups was the Photo-Secession,
founded in New York City in 1902 by photographer Alfred Stieglitz.
They used a wide variety of printing processes. These procedures
required considerable handwork and resulted in one-of-a-kind
prints that resembled etchings or lithographs rather than
photographs.
Over the 15-year period of the Photo-Secession’s existence, the
outlook of Stieglitz and individual members changed, reflecting
the general move away from the more artificial aspects of
Pictorialism as the 20th century began. Increasingly,
Dunes, Oceano, photograph by
photographers wanted their work to look like photographs, not Edward Weston, 1936
paintings, and valued the qualities that were unique to
photography.
The New Objectivity - In the period immediately following World
War I, much photography was characterized by sharply defined
imagery, especially of objects removed from their actual context.
The clean lines and cool effects of this style—variously called the
“New Objectivity,” the “new vision,” or “Precisionism”—was a
reflection, perhaps, of the overarching role of industry and
technology during the 1920s.
 Photography as an Art

Constructivism - A similarly objective approach characterized the

work of photographers interested in the artistic ideas embodied in
Constructivism; the movement proposed that photographs could
be a means to present the common place from fresh vantage
points and thereby reawaken interest in routine objects and
The Octopus, New York, platinum
processes. This idea, which originated in the Soviet Union and print by Alvin Langdon Coburn, 1912
spread quickly to Germany and central European countries during
the late 1920s and early 1930s

Experimental approaches - By 1916 abstract ideas were appealing

to a number of other photographers. Photo-Secessionist Alvin
Langdon Coburn, living in England, created a series of
photographs known as vortographs, in which no subject matter is
recognizable. The manipulative strategies of photocollage and
montage had considerable appeal during the interwar period in
part because—by appropriating “content” from other sources—
they could deal with complex political or psychological feelings
and ideas. Czech and German artists were especially drawn to this
type of experimentation
 Photography as an Art

Documentary photography -Working in the opening years

of the 20th century, French photographer Eugène Atget
documented some 10,000 photographs of Paris and its
environs. Unlike many of the architectural photographers
before him, Atget showed a remarkable attention to
composition, the materiality of substances, the quality of
light, and especially the photographer’s feelings about
the subject matter.

Documentary photography experienced a resurgence in

the United States during the Great Depression, when the
federal government undertook some major documentary
project
Shop Window: Tailor Dummies,
photograph by Eugène Atget, c.
The enormous interest in how people outside Western 1910; in the George Eastman House
culture appeared and behaved was a factor in the Collection, Rochester, New York.

increasing popularity of National Geographic during this

period
 Photography as an Art

Photojournalism - Toward the end of the 19th and into the early
20th century, greater numbers of magazines were published
throughout the world.
A new approach to photojournalism began to emerge with the
appearance of the Ermanox in 1924 and the Leica in 1925. These
two German-made miniature cameras, fitted with wide-aperture
lenses, required extremely short exposure times for outdoor work
and were even able to photograph indoor scenes with available
light. The Leica had the added advantage of using 35-mm roll film
that could be advanced quickly, allowing a succession of exposures
to be made of the same subject. Spanish Village, photograph by W.
Eugene Smith, 1951
Decisive Moment - Owing to these developments, the
photojournalist was able to perceive a significant moment in a
fraction of a second and to use the camera with such speed and
precision that the instantaneous perception would be preserved
forever. The Frenchman Henri Cartier-Bresson began about 1930
to develop the style that he later called the search for the
“decisive moment.” To him the camera was an “extension of the
eye.”
Children in Seville, Spain, photograph
by Henri Cartier-Bresson, 1933
 Photography as an Art

Postwar developments – Color Photography :

With the improvement in colour materials and processes, photographers became more
interested in its creative possibilities. Beginning in the 1940s, American photographer Eliot
Porter produced subtle studies of birds and nature in which colour allowed him to render an
unparalleled level of nuance. Appreciated for both their scientific and their aesthetic value,
these photographs embodied the potential of colour. Austrian photojournalist Ernst Haas first
used colour in the photo-essay New York for Life magazine in 1953

Abstract Era:
In the period after World War II, as the United States entered a period of domestic peace and
prosperity, many photographers there moved away from documentary realities and focused
instead on the intrinsic qualities of photography; such experiments paralleled the ascendancy of
the Abstract Expressionist art movement, which similarly looked at the intrinsic quality of
painting. By the 1960s similar styles and ideas in photography had spread to Asia, in part
because photographic magazines became widely available.

Street photography might be considered a special aspect of documentation: the street

photographer is intrigued by the serendipitous nature of street activity, but, in contrast to the
social documentarian, the street photographer does not necessarily have a social purpose in
mind
 Photography as an Art

Post 1970
A gritty sort of social documentation emerged beginning in the 1970s and ’80s, when
photographers documented alternative lifestyles involving drug addiction, transvestism etc. Such
direct, unflinching photographs established intimate documentary work as an important genre in
the late 20th century. Photographers such as Sally Mann and Tina Barney extended this genre to
portray intimate, sometimes unsettling images.

Throughout most of the 20th century, the art world was dominated by painting and sculpture, with
photography seen as a separate but not necessarily equal art form. In the 1980s and ’90s, however,
as new media blurred definitions of “art,” photography became one of the art world’s most
prominent media.

Into the 21st century: the digital age

Began in the late 1980s with the introduction of the first consumer digital cameras and in 1990 the
first version of Adobe Photoshop. Digital photography’s full impact was not felt until the first
decade of the new century. Even as late as 2001, news events—most significantly, the September
11 terrorist attacks .
Arguably the most-profound impact of digital photography has been the proliferation of picture
taking and picture sharing. Since 2007, the year Apple introduced its first iPhone, so-called
smartphones have become ubiquitous, as have picture-sharing applications like Facebook, Twitter,
and Instagram that enable users to upload pictures from phone to Internet in a matter of seconds
 Photography as an Art

Surrealist Photography - has come a long way. Photoshop and other post-processing programs
make it fairly easy to create surrealist photographs. From the famous Man Ray (1890-1976), to the
more recent Erik Johansson (born in 1985), it’s interesting to see where surrealist photography
started and what it has morphed into throughout the years.
Few Great Photographers from history

Dorothea Lange - May 26, 1895 – October 11, 1965 : American documentary
photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work. Lange's
photographs humanized the consequences of the Great Depression and influenced
the development of documentary photography

Ansel Adams - February 20, 1902 to April 22, 1984 His landscapes are stunning,
and he achieves an unparalleled level using creative darkroom work.

Henri Cartier Bresson - August 22, 1908 – August 3, 2004 : French photographer
considered the master of candid photography, and an early user of 35 mm film. He
helped develop street photography, and the concept of decisive moment.

Robert Capa October 22, 1913 – May 25, 1954 : Hungarian war photographer,
photojournalist. He covered five wars including World War II. In 1947 co-founded
Magnum Photos in Paris. The organization was the first cooperative agency for
worldwide freelance photographers.
Dorothea Lange
Ansel Adams
Henri Cartier Bresson
Robert Capa
Few Great Photographers of today

Steve McCurry - February 24, 1950 - American editorial photographer best known
for his photograph "Afghan Girl" which originally appeared in National Geographic
magazine. McCurry focuses on the human consequences of war & life struggle.
http://www.stevemccurry.com ,

James Nachtwey - March 14, 1948 - an American photojournalist and war

photographer. He is considered by many to be the greatest war photographer of
recent decades.
http://www.jamesnachtwey.com/

Sebastião Salgado - February 8 1944 - is a Brazilian social documentary

photographer and photojournalist. He has travelled in over 100 countries for his
photographic projects. Most of these have appeared in numerous press publications
and books.

Alex Boyd - July 15, 1984 - A Scottish Luke Austin –

landscape photographer, Boyd has International LS
applied the environmental portraiture Photographer 2015
concepts in his landscape photography. http://lukeaustinpho
http://alexboyd.co.uk/ tography.com/
Steve McCurry
James Nachtwey
Sebastião Salgado
Alex Boyd
Luke Austin
Some famous Indian Photographers

Raghubir Singh - October 22, 1942 to April 18, 1999 - Raghubir Singh was an
Indian photographer, most known for his landscapes and documentary-style
photographs of the people of India.
www.raghubirsingh.com

Raghu Rai – 1942 - Raghu Rai is an Indian photographer and photojournalist. He

was a protégé of Henri Cartier-Bresson, who appointed Rai, then a young
photojournalist, to Magnum Photos in 1977. He is most known for his books,
Raghu Rai's India.
www.magnumphotos.com/raghurai

Benu Sen - 26 May 1932 – 17 May 2011 - was from Kolkata. He was the Secretary
General of the Federation of Indian Photography (FIP), the Indian chapter of the
FIAP and President of the Photographic Association of Dum Dum (PAD)

Prabuddha Dasgupta - September 21, 1956 to August 12, 2012 - was a noted
fashion and fine-art photographer from India. Known for his iconic black and white
imagery, he had an extended career.
www.prabuddhadasgupta.com
Raghubir Singh
Raghu Rai
Benu Sen
Prabuddha Dasgupta
Some famous names in our City

Soumitra Dutta
 Some famous names in our City

Subhomoy Mitra
 Some famous names in our City

Joydeep Mukherjee
 Some famous names in our City

Atanu Pal
 Some famous names in our City

Pradip Dutta