L:

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u VMware

E ESXi: ESXi is a software developed by \Mware Company, Which converts hardware servers into
multiple softrvare servers.

E Hards-are Requirements:

. 2GB RAM
o IGB Hard disk
.
.L .
2 GHz Processor
(Jne or more gigabit Ethernet controllers.

L,
IJ ESX Yersions:

u
T-:
ESX 1.0

ESX L5

ESX 2.0

ESX I :i

ESX 3.0

ESXmsxi 3.5
.
ESX,trSXi 4.0

u
ESX/ESXi 4.I

ESXi 5.0

E ESXi 5.1

E Vcenter server: it is a Windows based application. It

V provides additional features like clusters and datacenters.
is used to manage multiple ESX servers and

E Hardware requirements:

L
l-
o
o
o
Two 64-bit bit CpUs
2.0 GHz Processor

t-
t:
o
o
2 GB RAM
2GB Hard disk
DATABASE: Micros\oft SeL Server 2005,oracle l0gRt,oracle l1g
. One gigabit Ethemet conrroll?rs
L:
t:
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Software Requirements:

Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Standard, Enterprise or Datacenter Sp2 64bit

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L-
Microsoft Windos,s Server 2003 Standard, lintcrprise or Datacenter R2 64blt

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t
4.,

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t
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Standard, Enterprise or Datacenter SP2 64bit
L
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Standard, Enterprise or Datacenter R2 SPl 64bit
t-
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Standard, Enterprise or Datacenter R2 64bit
u
Miclosoft Windows Server 2008 Standard, Enterprise or Datacenter SP1 64bit E
VSphere Client: Vsphere client is a windows based application is used to manage ESX seryer and
:
VCenter server, €
requirements: I
CPU I CPU I
Processor- I GHz Processor t
RAM_]GBRAM t
Harddisk-2GB
t
€
Microsoft .net 2.0
€
Microsoft .net 3.0 SPl
€
Microsoft Visual J#
L
Virtualization: It is a software which allows to create virtual hardware and multiple Mrtual machines b
and allows to run multiple OS on a single Physical server.
I
Virtual Machine: Virhral machine is a software machine that likes a physical machine. It can runs
operating system and applications. t
Uses: e

. It is used to reduce lhe cost and manpowel.

C

. h dllows multiple operaring system oD one vm a

. It removes the dependency of healy hardware to run the applications
o It reduce the amount of space bbing taken datacenters . !
I
I
VM files : a

.vmx: it is configuration file without this file we can't power on virtual machine
(
(
.vmdk: This is \M disk file which stores the content ofthe VM hard disk.

.log :This file can be useful in troubleshoot parts when encounter the problen.t. (
.nyrarn : This file is used to store machine BIOS. (
(
.vswp : This file will be automatically created when \rM will power on and automatically deleted
I
(

_(
I
 -!
r-
t-
lL
v
v
lv when VM will power off.

l- Ways to access a VM:

. Direct from ESX Host

L: ' BY using Clone
Deplolng fiom TemPlate
lw '
o P2V conversion
yzY
tt-
'. OVF( Open Virtual maihine format)

tE Datacenter: A datacenter is the primary container ofinventory objects such as hosts and virtual machine'
l'r From the datacenter, you
clusters to a datacenters.
"an
add organize inventory objects. T)?ically, you add host, folders' and

I
t- r.-
Host: host is a computer that uses viduaiization software such as ESX or ESXI, to run virtual machine'
./r.
hosts provide the CPU memory resources that virtual machine use and give virtual machine access
to
L: storage and network connectivity.
L: Ways to access Host:

-> Direct through VC

-> By using putty

-> Directly enter the IP ofhost in Intemet Explorer

E
t: -> By using Vsphere client.

Cluster: Cluster is a group ofhosts. when you add a host to a clustel, the host resource becorne part of the
L: clusters resouces. The cluster manages the resource of all hosts within it.
L: flypervisor:
L:
Hypervisor is a program that manage the virtual machine. It also act like virtual machine manager that
L: manages many virt.,al machine from one place. It allow multiple operating system to share single

l-. hardware hosi. Each operating system appears to have the host's processor, memory, and other resources
all to itself.

E H5.pervisor have two types

L
1-
1. Baremetal Hypervisor : ln this application we can directly install the ESX in brand new machine.

2. Host Hypervisor
1:
l: Vmotion: It used to migrate virtual machines flom one host to another host u'hile it is running.
l_- Pre requisites:

F
 I
_j
t
!
j
a
. Shared storage (multiple hosts are connected to same storage)'
o Same CPU familY and Vendor
s
o
o
Vmotion must be enabled on source and destination
It should be accessed by same management network
i
o e
No CD/D\ID mount'
. No snapshot. I
Background Process: I
o state ofvirtual rnachines will be captured as Bitmap
images that bitmaps a
All running
Move frotrsource to destination'
{
. Suspend vms access at source and Resume vms access at
destination'
. Onie vmotion will be completed all temporary f,rles will be
deleted at source' (

Vsphere 4.0 we cau do the vmotion across clusters and we can't

do the vmotion across data centers i
t
in 4.0 r,rnotion does not support multiple NIC's'
I
Vsphere5.0wecandothevmotionacrossclustersanddatacentelsandin5.0Vmotionsupportmultiple
NIC's. I

How can Enable vmotion: I

management network -> edit ->

->Host -> configuration -> Net'*'orking -> Vswitch properties ->

-> r/c on vrn -> migrate -> change host -> select destination -> finish'
store to another while It is
SVmotion: It used to migrate virtual machine files and disks from one data
runnlng.

Pre requisites:

o Destination LLIN should be enough ftee space.

o Source and Destination datastore must be accessed by host'
o All hosts should be licensed for svrnotion'

Backgound process:

oVirtualmachinefilesanddiskswillbecreatedasBlocksthatblocksmovefromsourceand
. destinatiott.
. Esx ost performs fast suspend and resumes of the'"T n'
. . \M wili continuously running on the destination data store and source files will be deleted.
In Vsphere 4.0, ifyou have a snapshot we can't do the SVmotion'

In Vsphere 5.0 With snapshot we can do the SVmotion'

Contiguration:

r/c on vm -> migrate -> change datastore -> select destination -> finish
SDrpshot: Snapshot is a copy of running state of virtual machine. You can create a snapshot while it is
l'r er oL polver off, suspend mode.

\\hen )'ou create a snapshot ofvm it will occupies the same size of the.vmdk file in data store. Ifyou
.
'"ke more snapshots more space willbe occupied. But it is useful when we apply patches or'install updates
=:ie upgrades on the oS in the \&l If anything goes wrong with the vMafter doing these tasks, we can
i;mediately revert back to the current working state. In this way we can save our time w.ithout recreating
\11 and reimaging the os on to !,rn.

Snapshot files are

.r msn : This file stores the running state of\M when you will take a snapshot.

.msd : This is a centralized fiie f61 stefi1g ilf6nnation and meta data about snapshot.

delta.r'mdk :

clone: clone is an Exact copy ofvm with same configuration and installation without peform any
additional settings.

You can create a clone by R/C on vM and select clone. clone can power on and can make any changes.
By using customized guest operating system We can ch*g" .o-" p.op".ties of clone such as -Computer
name, network and ip address. clone is used for testing and developmint environments where you
want
create, test and wit an exact copy of rrn without disturbing production server to crete a clorre of
production vm.

Template:

Te..rplate is a master copy ofvirtual machine. By using tcmplate we can deploy multiple virtual
machines. Template cannot be power on and rve cont make ihanges. TempLte can be
created by clone to
template and convert a vm to template. template can be used for
f,roduction environment.
HA High Availability:

HA is a cluster level feature. If one esx ser,,er will be failed then all r.rns on the host will automatically
rdboot to another host with minimum downtime.

Prerequi sites:

o ILA enabled in cluster.

o Atleast two hosts in a cluster.
. Shared storage.
o All hosts should be configured with static ip address.
. All hosts must be accessed by same management network.
. All hosts should have Enterprise licence for ha.

Background process:

I[ a cluster first 5 hosts rvill be act as prirnary hosts and remaining hosts will act as a secondary hosts.
I1-A.continuously tnonitors ali esx servers in a cluster and detect ihe server failures. Whel you cnable HA
iu cluster an agert rvill be installed on each hosl that ageDt is called AAM(FDM IN 5) Automatcd
5
 I
'
'
5
s
availabilitymanager.Anagentplacedoneachthatmaintainstheheartbeatswithanotherhostthatagent
willcommunicatewitntr'eott."rug"ntinuho.t".,"'yssecondsandlossofheartbeatsinitiateresta(
e
process of all affected vm's on another host' S

Differences of HA in VsPhere 4 and 5: 5:

Vsphere 4.0
Vsphere 5.0 j
-> FDM j
o HA agent is AAM
j
. -> Master and Slave
Host Approach is Primary and secondary
a
first host is master and remaining
will
a
be slave
-> 3 hosts
t
. Max failover will allow 4 hosts
i
Election will haPPen which has
max no. of datastores
i
e

Admission Controls in IIA:

constraints'
If select Enable = disallows virtual machines to power on when violates availability
constraints'
If select Disable = allorvs Virtual machines to power on when violates availability
4'
Maximum host failures allowed in a cluster is
if 4 primary hosts will be failed at the time one
Because we have max 5 primary hosts in
a cluster'
primary host to take care of the secondary host'
-> Enable HA'
Configuration: RJC on cluster -> edit settings

Distributeil Resource Scheduler (DRS):

DRSisaDistributedResourceScheduler.Itisaclusterlevelfeature.Itcontinuouslymonitorshigh
,rtilization and load balancing between esx servers
in a cluster'

Prerequisites:

. DRS enable in a cluster.

. Shared storage
. Same CPU familY and generations'
o Same vendor
o No CD,D\D mount to vm
. No snapshots
o Shor.rld be in sane management network'

Background Process:
 DRS contiluously monitor all servers in a cluster. If one host have healy utilization then some Virtual
machiles on the host lvill be migated to another host. DRS can be performed by using vmotion and
mad,ematical algorithms.

Auromation [cvels:

.\re firee tpes

. \lanual
o Partial automated
o Fully automaled

\{anual: VC suggests the migration recommendation on a \M.

Partial Automated: VM are placed on host at power on then VC suggests the migration recommendation
on a \iN4.

Fully Automated: vM are placed on host at power on then automatically migrated to another host.

DRS rules:

o Affinity Rule : Two or more VM's are always running on same host
o Anti A{finity rule; Iwo or more r,ms should not 6e running on same host.

Difference betw'een HA and DRS:

rr
IIA ORS
If host will faits then all VM's on the host will -> ifone host has high utilization then
be reboot to another host some VM's are migrate to other host.

u
L.
HA is Reactive -> DRS is Proactive

u
IIA has minimum Downtime -> DRS has no downtime

r
r
o
SDRS:
HA will works when VC fails -> DRS will not work when VC fails.

SDRS is automation process of SVmotion. storage DRS is a new feature introduced in vSphere 5.0
providing smart virtual machine placerrent and load balancing mechanism based on vo and space

H
rrj
capacity. Storage DRS will helps decreasing operational effort associated with the provisioning ofvirtual
machine and monitoring ol the storage environmenl.

rJ
l.' Storage DRS Benefits:

u .
o
Reduce IT cost and improves agility

Balancing storage space and VO loads

E
F
1:
 t
t
!
I
I
I
. Improvesapplicationperformance

Fault (olerance (FT):

loss of data and 0olo downtime of VM's
in a host'
It continuously Provide 0olo I
Prerequisites: 9
. HA enabled in cluster' E
o DRS disabled in cluster' €
. Shared storage.
. lt has enterPrise Plus licence L
. Its not support thin provision disk' i
. No snaPshot
. I vrn wilh I cpu i
Background Process:
prin.rary virtual
Technology Wher.t vou enable FT on
FT can be performed by using lockstep runs the primary and
or unoii'!"'tuiil host FT then
b" t"ur"d i" anolhe;
machine a duplicate
"opyrt"p *tir, i"u;il;; iipil.y virhral machine will be failed.the secondary
secondary \M's in to"t run
virtual machine w r i.*"aiut"iv iliirJ *n.." "
,'t pii-"ry virtual machine left off, and continuous to
al)d transacllons'
without loss of data. nelwork conneclions
way
policy where the data will flow more than one
Mutti Pathing : Multipathing is a path selection
between ESX server and storage'

Multipathing can be c'lassified into three

tlpes' They are

. Fixed
. MRU(Most Recently Used)
o Round Robin
then Path B will
path B insleep rnode IfpathA will be failed
Fixed: The data flow though path A then goes to sleep mode'
;;;". wh;;;;"; rath a"wiit ue r"paired then prth B asain

MRU:InthisthedataflowthroughpathAthenpathBinsleepmodelfpathAwillbefailedthenPathB
path B fails then path A will
in st""p -oa" *t
will activate. whenever path A iill be repaired but "n ".rer
active.
ways parallel'
Round robin: In this the data flow ftom both

Resourcepool:ResourcepoolisapoolofCPUandMemoryallocationfromasinglehostoracluster.
y;;* any resource pool into smaller resource
partitior.r
Resource pool U" f,i"r-"ii"ui"ii"";,"d"
p""i. ," ai"ia" "* assign resource to different groups or different purpose '
^.d
Prerequisites:

.VerityVsphereclientisconnectedtotheVcentel.Ifthec,lientisconlrecteddilectlytotheesx
seNer you cannot create a resource pool'
. to create a resource pool'
Make sure you have pennissions suificient
. the clu""t, poot object is parent to the resource pool
Verify
"""opt'"t "ifl"t't"tou'"" 8
u
t-
l_'
t't, Ren- Derice Mapping (RDM) use cases & Limitations:

l"
l.'
Ra*' derice mapping (RDM) is method to provide direct access to a LUN on a iscsi or fibred channel
siLTase s\:tem for a virtual machine. RDM is basically a Mapping file acts as a proxy for a raw physical
soraae der.ice placed in a VMFS volume. Virtual Machine can directly access the storage device using

l' RD\{ and RDM contains metadata which controls the disk access to the physical device.

rj
r-'
f se cases for Raw Device Mapping:

u
u
i.For \licrosoft cluster configuration in Virlual machine (Virtr.ral-to-virtual or physical-to-virtual)

:.Frrr configuring a virtual n.rachine to use NPort ID Virtualization Q'{P[V)

l, LFLIr running SAN management software (Storage resource management software, storage array

r-
r
.:rf,pshot software, replication software, etc) inside a virtual machine

-i.For any application running in a virtual machine that needs to access a device using hardware-specific

r SCSI commands

5.RDM is useful in physical-to-virtual conversion operations by avoiding migration ofa large data LUN
to a VMDK.

Tlpes of Ran Device Mapping:

H 1. virtual compatibility mode

E
r
2. physical cornpatibility mode

rr Virtual compatibility mode preserves the ability to perform virtual machine snapshots.

Limitations of physical compatibility mode_

rr -> VMware snapshots are not allowed

rr
-> VCB (\Mware consolidated backup) support is not possible, because VCB requires \Mware
snapshots

-> Cloning of VMs that use physical mode RDMs is not possible

lj -> Converting VMs into templates that use physical mode RDMs is not possible

rrj -> Migration of

possible.
\Ms with physical mode RDMs if the migration involves copying the disk is not

r -> No VMotion with physical mode RDMs

Alarms/Events:

E Alamrs: it is used to know the status of the resource usage for a \M.

E
N
I]
 5
S
S
S
b
Events: used to monitor the tasks that are taken place on the ESX server or in VC. L
Vswitch: Vswitch is a software switch and each host has one vswitch. One side of the Vswitch are port s
groups that are connected to virtual machine
s
And other side are uplinks that are connected to the physical adapters on esx server. e
Vswitch can be classified into two tlpes i
o Standard switch t
. Distributed switch
t
Standard switch: (
Standard switch is a software switch used to co nect multiple hosts at host level. (
Distributed switch: t
Distributed switch is a software switch. it is used to manage multiple hosts at datacenter level. (
Uplink: Uplinks are associate with physical adapters that provides corurection between physical network {
and virtual network.
t
Port groups: Port goup segregates the netrvork traffic over esx server. i
Port group can be classihed into tkee t)?es they are i
. \^4 network port group
(
. VM Kernel port group t
o Service console port group
(
\4\4 network: It is used for virtual machine communication

\o,I Kernel : It is used to access Vmotion, storage and NFS communication. (

Sen ice console: It is developed based on red hat Linux operating system used to manage esx servers.

Security policies: 1

Security policies can be classified into three t,?es i

. Promiscuous mode i

o MAC address change

o Forgcd transmits

Promiscuous mode: If promiscuous mode set to accept segregates the network traffic to all Virtual
machines then all \M's were able to see the communication. If promiscuous mode set to reject only one
\A,{ was able to see the communication.

MAC address change: when you create a new virtual machine the configuration r.vizard generates the
MAC address for that machine, you can see it in .r,rnx file. if it doesn't rnatches with the MAC address in
the OS this setting doesn't allow inconing traffic to the \M. So by setting reject option both MAC
address will be remain same, and the incoming traffic will be allowed to the VI4.

10
u
u
u
E Forsed Transmits: when you create a new virtual machine the confrguration wizard generates the MAC
ad&er. f.-rr that machine, you can see it in .vmx file. if it doesn't matches with the MAC address in the
OS this -tting doesn't allow outgoing traffic from the VM. So by setting reject option both MAC address
rill be remain same, and the outgoing traffic will be allowed from the \4\l1.

H
u
\l--l\:
te
.{ \ILAN is a logical configuration on the switch port to segment the IP traffic. for this to happen,
po:t must be trunked with the correct \{LAN ID

u
u
\ic Teaming: A group ofnic cards are called Nic teaming. Ifthe data flow from one nic card another nic
c:rd in standby mode. if the one nic card will lail immediately another nic card will active.

Lpdate \Ianager: Update uranager is a tool. It is windows based application. it is used to update patches
:-rd make upgrade versions.

H
r
Prerequisites:

u
Processor: 2GHz Processor
. Memory: 2GB RAM if vCenter Update Manager and r.{enter Server are on different machines
4GB RAM, if vCenter Update Manager and vCenter Server are on the same machine
. Network I GB

Database Requirements:

H .
.
SQL Server 2005

E
SQL Server 2008

u
l:
.
.
SQL Server 2008 Express 32l64bit (Experimental support in Update

Oracle 10g
I only)

rr . Oracle 1lg
Software Requirements:

ur Windows XP Pro SP2 (SP2 required, 64bit)

Windows Server 2003 (SPl required, 64bit)

lju . Windows Server 2008 (64bit)

u
(
Storage: Storage is a device which is used to store the virtual machine files and disks.

H Fibre Channel (FC)

l-
l- Stores virtual machine files remotely on an FC storage area network (SAN). FC SAN is a specialized
hish-speed network that connects your hosts to high-performance storage devices. The network uses Iribre
Channel protocol to transport SCSI traffic fiom virtual machincs to the IC SAN devices.

E 11

F
ll
 !
a
s
s
s
To connect to the FC SAN, your host should be equipped with Fibre Channel host bus adapters (HBAs).
e
Unless you use Fibre Channel direct connect storage, you need Fibre Channel switches to route storage
traffic. If your host contains FCOE (Fibre Channel over Ethemet) HBAs, you can connect to your shared
Fibre Channel devices using an IP network.
€
Internet SCSI (iSCSI)
a

Stores virtual machine files on remote iSCSI storage devices. iSCSI packages SCSI storage traffic into
i
the TCP/IP protocol so that it can travel through standard TCP/IP networks instead ofthe specialized FC
network. With an iSCSI connection, your host serves as the initiator that communicates with a target,
i
located in remote iSCSI storage systems. €
€
ESXi offers the following tlpes of iSCSI connections:
{
Hardware iSCSI
(
Your host connects to storage through a third-party adapter capable ofoffloading the iSCSI and network C
processing.
t
Software iSCSI
€
Your host uses a software-based iSCSI initiator in the \Mkernel to connect to storage. With this tlpe of
ISCSI connection, your host needs only a standard network adapter for network connectivity.
i
Netlvork-attached Storage (NAS)
i
!
Stores virtual machine files on remote flle servers accessed over a standard TCP/IP network. The NFS
client built into ESXi uses Network File System (NFS) protocol version 3 to cormunicate w.ith the i
NASA{FS servers. For network connectivity, the host requires a standard network adapter. (

Shared Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)

Stores virtual machines on direct-attached SAS storage systems that offer shared access to multiple hosts. i
This type of access permits multiple hosts to access the same VMFS datastore on a LUN. I

Data store: A Lun partition formatted with VMFS file system. I

WWN: it is worldwide nehvork. Every HBA has one unique name that is called WWN.
(

Lock dorvn mode:

(

When you ehabled lockdown mode prevents remote users from logging directly into Host

Linked modc : Linked mode is used to connect two or more Vcenter servers at a time. I

Ballooning: it is used rvhen the host is running out ofrrachine memory or VM hits a limit then kemel
1,)
E
L:
u
L:
u
U
u
u
:=:-. :: reciaim the memory. Ballooning drivers installed inside the guest operating system,as pafi of
..1,h ::e icstallation tools and it is also fnown as VM memctl driver . when there is available memory in
--:. :::liae rhe guest operating system will retums the memory from its fiee lists. when there is memory
the

u
L:
:: :-: a"ailable thi guesi operating system has its own memory management technique which decided
:r,::: f?ge need to reclaim.
to

u Conr ersions:

r --:, " ersions are two tlpes

E
u
1. P1\' (Physical 2 Virtual)

u I \-l\'
Converters:
(\rirtual to Virtual)

u
r_:
L:
I Standard alone Converter

u
2. \rcenter Enterprise Colverter

P2\'Prerequisites:

E P2\/ check lists are

-> Ir4inimum 250 MB free space in Physical machine drive

E
l-:
-> Ar.ry Antivirus running on physical machine, disable antivirus

-> Stop critical Services and applications

f:
L:
-> Run CHKDSK and defiagment the driver.

f -> An agent must be insta'lled physical machine

L, Post Conversions:

L: -> Update \Mware tools

-> Upgrade Hardware version

H
u
-> Remove Moritoring tools, NIC cards and power adapters

-> Start antivirxs, services and database

L:
L
L
-> Reboot.

\-2\': It is used to makes non ESX readable vifir-ral rlachines to llSX readable virtual machines.

\-lll are tools:

E 13

N
ll
Vmware tool is a set of drivers for virtual machine. It is \,ri\/I level feature used to improve the
performance of virtual machine.

\Mware tools are 1. Video drivers

2. NIC <lrivers

3. SCSI drivers

4. Ballooning Drivers

5. Time sYrchronization

Difference betlt'een Vsphcre 4.0 and 5.0

\/sphere 4.0 Vsphere 5.0

-> it support both ESX and ESXi -> it support only ESXi
-> HA agent is AAM -> llA agent is FDM
->HA host approach is Primary and secondary -> IIA host approach is Master and Slave
-> I-IA logs are etc/opt/\Mware/AAM -> IIA logs are etc/oPt/\Mware/FDM
-> \A4FS - 3 .> \MFS -5
-> \M hardrvare versiou - 7 -> \/lr{ hardware version - 8
-> SDRS not available -> SDRS available
-> Vcpu per VM - 8 -> Vcpu per VM - 32
-> RAM per \M - 255 GB -> RAM per \A,{- 1 TB
-> RAM per host - 1 TB -> RAM per host - 2 TB
-> Maximum LUN size - 2 TB -> Maximum LUN size - 64 TB
-> LlJI.ls per ESX server - 256 -> LUNs per ESX server - 256
-> \M swap file size - 255 GB -> VM swap file size - 1 TB

Difference betrveen ESX 3.5 and 4'0

ESX 3.5 ESX 4.0

-> VMFS version - 3 -> \MFS version -3

-> Distributed switch is not availble -> Dishibute switch is available
-> Fault tolarence is not available -> Fault tolerance is available
-> VM hardware version - 4 -> \M hardware version - 7
-> Max RAM per VM - 64 GB -> Max RAM per \1r4 - 255 GB
-> Max RAM per host - 256 GB -> Max RAM per host- 1 TB
-> No.of \M per host - 170 -> No.of VM per host - 320
-> SVmotion is available with CLI -> SVmotion is available with GUI

Difference betrveen ESX and ESXi

L4
 ESX
-> ES\ has senice console and use CLI
-> ES\
suppons thickest version
-> ESX requires more patches
-> ES\ proride greate security
-> ES\ cost is very high like $ 1500
-> ES\ partition size is 800 MB
-> ES\ supports scriptable installations
-> ESX support active directory integrations
throueh 3rd party agents installed on the
sen ice console.
Template
-> Template is a master image of \M from
\\trich you can deploy multiple \M
-> you can create a template by convert
a \M to template, clone VM to template.
-> Template cannot be powered on and can,t
make any changes.
-> Convert \A4 to template cannot be perfomed
rvhen \/I\,I power on
-> you can convert the template back to VM
-,Template is usefu) lor production envirolmenrs.
d
purpose.
)
i Add a LUN to host:
host -> configuration -> storage -> add storage -> select Disk/LUN -> select \MFS version -> data
store name -> specify block size -> finish.
Lpdale pa(ches and Upgrade versions:
81'using update manager tool, we can update patches and upgrade versions.
steps:
-> pur ESX in rnaintenance mode
-> Create base line
ESxi
-> ESXi has no service console but instead
ofservice console it uses VCLI
-> ESXi supports thinnest version
-- ESXi requires lewer palches.
-'' ESXi provide Iesser security.
-> ESXi cost is low like $495
-> ESXi partition size is 32 MB
-> ESXi doesn't support scriptable through
utilities like kickstartinstallations
-> ESXi doesn't support active directory
authentication oflocal user at this time.
Clone
-> Clone is an exact copy of \M with same
configuration and installations without
perform addit ional serrings.
-> you can create a clone by R/C on VM and
clone
-> Clone can be power on and can make
changes.
-> Clone of \M is created when the power on
->you can't convert the clone back to \/]\{
-> Clone is useful for testing and development
15
-> Attach base line to ESX

-> Scan Base line palches

-> Staging patches

-> Remediate (instal lation)

-> Reboot.

Upgrade VM Hardware version:

-> Keep \Mware tool up to date

-> power off VM

-> R/C on VM -> upgrade \M Hardware version.

ESX server Disconnected from VC / Hung / PSOD

-> Check status in VC

-> Piug ESX host. If it is pinging

-> connect ESX to SSH

Restart management services

in 4,4.1

service mgrnt-vmware restart

service vmware-rpxa restart

in 5.0

services-sh restart

If it is not pinging

connect to ESX direct through console ILO or DRAC or RSA

Reboot ESX server

it is not up

again two times reboot

ifit is not reboot call VMware ( check the issue whether it is hardware or software).

16
L:
u
u
u
u
u
u
\)I hung:

^. R C on \I1r4 -> Reset Guest If it is not up

E
u
L R C on \M -> Reset
3. Through command prompt
If it is not up

ln 5.0 vim-cmd r.msvc/getall'"ms

E
u vim-cmd vmsvc/power.restart r.mid

u
L:
vim-crnd msvc/power.off vmid

vim-crnd vmsvc/porver.on vrlid.

u
u
C drive expansion:

-> Porr er off \M

\M
E
-> RiC on -> edit settings

u
u
-> select Hard disk

u
-> copy disk path

u
rL'
-> Remove Hard disk

-> R/C on existing

-> Edit settings

\M

u
ru
-> Add hard disk

-> select existing virh,ral disk

-> paste disk path

rrlj -> ok

rr
-> increase hard disk size

-> in 2003 By using Disk part tool we can extend

l. Tlpe Diskpart in command prompt and enter

L:
L 2. list volume and enter

3.Select volurne like 0, 1, 2, and enter

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e
€
€
€
€
4. Extend.
€
-> in 2008
e

Ric on My computer -> select manage -> storage -> Disk management -> R/C on disk -> click on C
extend volume.
i
VC not responding a

-> First we have to restart services or i

-> Check database connectivity
i
i
Control panel -> Administration tool -> system DSN.
i
Enable Vmotion: (

Host -> Configuration -> Networking -> Vswitch properties -> management networking -> edit -> t
Enable Vmotion.
I

,Add Ilard disk to RDM:

R/C on \rM -- Edil sertings - . click o add -> select hard disk -- select disk typggnable Rarv device
mapping. /

How can you Increase data store:

Host -> Configuration -> storage -> R/C on data store -> properties -> click on Extent'

Where you can configure Multi pathing:

Host -> configuration -> storage -> R/C on data store -> properties -> Manage paths -> select Fixed.
MRU, Round Robin.

Configure Time Synchronize with Host:

R/C on \M -> edit settings -> Option tab -> \4vlware tools -> Enable Synchlonize guest time with Host.

One VM has two disks tlow can you move one disk to one data store and another disk to another
data store:

By using SVmotion we can do

R./C on \M -> Migrate -> Change data store -> select Advance option -> Browse select destinarion data
store -> finish.

Enable SSH:

I{ost -> configuration -> sccurity profile in softrvare -> fircu'all properties -> Enable SSl{
18
 Eow can convert Thin disk to Thick :

In nvo x.ays we can convert thin to thick disk

1. By using SVmotion (R/C on Vm > Migrate -> Change datastore -> select Advance option -> )

2. By using P2V

\1I not power on :

sol:

-> First check the storage free space its ok

-> Try 2 times power on a VM from VC (its not up)

-> Connect ESX direct to Vsphere client and then hy to power on (its not up)

-> Connect ESX to SSH

vim-cmd vmsvc/power.on vmid

florv can Delete a LUN:

-> First we have to do the SVmotion

-> Unmount the datastorc ( Host -> configuration -> storage -> R/C on datastore -> click on Unmount)

-> Then Delete the data store.

Configure NAS:

Host -> configuration -> storage -> add storage -> NFS -> Server name -> shared folder name ->
datastore name -> finish.
,
IIow can add a network to Switch:
,
a Host -> configuration -> networking -> Add network -> select VM -> give the name and VLANID ->
finish.

!'1I logs:

, Summary -> R/C on data store -> Browse data store -> select \/tr4

r, YC logs:
t Horne -> system logs

19
u
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Eost Disconnected:

u
u
Host is in disconnected state.

Plng the Host,

u
,Plng Ip or Host name)

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pine ILO
(Ping hostname Ilo).

Reconnect the I{ost from \4 end

sen ice mgmt-vmware stop

u
u
sen ice vmware-hostd restart, If not done,

SSH to the seir,,er and restart the management agents.

u
u
t Reconnect the ESX box from

Daiastore full ryhat to do?

VI end.

H
u
svmotion:

u
u
1.

:.
Choose the \IM that being svmotion

Right click on the VM and choose migrate

t,
Select change datastore

.1. Choose the disk that being migrated and click on the path

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Choose the datastore where u want to place the r..m.

ok.

L; Vinotion not haDpening

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Requrements
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Vsphere advanced, Enterprise or ENT.plus.

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u
Shared storage between ESX servers ISCSI, Fc, or NFS.

\inachine disk will be kept on that shared storage.

\ilahine memory wilJ be migrated.

L:
L
L
\'\{kemel interlace on both ESX servers wilh Vrnotion enablcd.

20

N
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6. Works with standard switches or DV switches.

1. Ifthe r.,rnachine uses an RDM the RDM must be accessible by the destination host.

Increase the size of VMDK file (OR) C (or) D drive full what to do?

I{ow to extend hard diskin virtual machine? Or C. D drives full?

A .Shut down the Vmahine.

1. R./C on the VMachine in the inventory click EDITSETTING.

2. Select the hard disk in the lrard ware list.
3. In the DISK PROYISION panel enter the new size for the hard disk

1. Go to HOME> Inventory> VMs and Templates.

2. R/C the Hot- your name > virtual machine in the inventory and select Edit Settings.

J. In the Hard ware list,m select the Hard Diskl.

4. In the provisioned size, type 4GB and click OK.

5. Select the Hot - your name > virtual machine in the inventory and click the Storage

Views tab. It might be necessary to click the Update link in the upper- right comer of the
Pane.

6. In the Mew list ,select Shorv all virtual machine fitcs,

7. Verify that the flat-vmdk virtual disk file has a size os 4GB. You might have to click the

Update link in the upper -right comer to refresh the view.

8. Lrcrease the size ofthe disk from within the guest operating system:

a. ln the inventory, right click the Hot< Your name> virtual machine and select Open console.
b. Log in to the the guest operating system as user Administrator, with the virtual machine
Administrator password that you recorded in Preparing for the Lab."
c. On the virtual machine desk top , double-click My,computer. Record the value for the total
size ol thc C: drir e._
d. Use rviudows fxptorea to open the fol,Oer Cf dcll\Extpart folder.
e. Double- click the extpart.cxe file.
I In volume to extend, tlpe C:
g. ln sizc to expand thc volumc , type 2048 (to extend the volume by 2,048MB).
h. On the vifiual machine desktop, double click NIl, computer to verify that the C:drive was
21
 exended. Record the value for total size ofthe C: drive. . does it differ
from step 9c? .
i- Close the virtual machine console.
--

H
sr Eot to add Datqstore to an ESX server with the assigned LLIN

host and
choose
*-.r-.1i-. -i:::r-'l:il

N
rr
'configuratio
n' tab.

Click Add
i.*-*
:.+._'
f**
L..Y:l:9i:r: .... l

u
E5*iit:.ri.i:ilr!:lr',i"i.tu
storage T-,;-*. --
i,*...,.,."-
button. l**.*.i
I *,-*---,;,,",,,
t*,,,,,,-i
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L tr:::r----:
:

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Choose
Disk/Lun
and click

rL.
Next-
[:

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ALUNwill
appear in the
panel if it
was newly
assigned ,
click next to
add it to the t,
\,]\,IFS
!
storage.
!
I
!

How to u.l.l one ESX llost to the existing cluster

In VI client, right click the HKHKCO9

cluster name and click 'Add
host'

23
r.
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u
rhe ESX
:: s: ip and

rr
specify Connectaon Settings
,-:: i e irti al s lvoe in the n<ormation ured to conneci to thi! ho>I.

Eonnection Settinqt

u
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u Click 'Next' to

u
finish the wizard.
ESX host will

u
appear in the left
panel.

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l-'
lj IIo$.to add Host to vccnter
IJ \'erfir' required Build Sheet Data for Installing Operating System

lj 1. Log into vCenter using the vSphere client

l.- 2.
lJ Righr click the Clusrer and selcct Atltl llost...

l'
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F & 58lllqry
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d-i j:te* !i:ua! Eiinc.. !|.+li
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IL""";"
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ctrl+atr+N

3. Enter the FQDN of the host, the username "root" and the root account password, and
then click
Next

ap.tlft cmn.Ltion +tthqr

rr'. n tt€ rrom*in u'ed lo rcmxt b thit host.

4. If prompted with a security waming regarding the new host's certificate, click Yes

5. Review thc hosl summary, and then click Next

25

I
r-_
r-:
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H 5. -{ssign either an existing or new license key to the host, and then click Next

H
A5rqr &.xirthg or. new i.enee key to tt,l host,

r-: ara:s
ihr! 9f,ffi!
setlin.r

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Configure Lockdown Mode, and then click Next

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8. Select Put all of the host,s
click Next
virtual machines in the cluster,s root resource pool, and then

L'
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IJ
l-
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lj
lj 9. Review the summarf nformation and then click FINISH

TJ
l' \ irtual machinc is unable to polver on

t'l- Pou.er on virtual n.rachine nay fail, ifanother task for V rlachine
aJready Lr progr.ess.

l- Pos,er ot virtual machinc rnay fail ,, If licensing requirettents are

not tret.

26

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L;
 s
s
s
s
s
s
* V Machine may show error there are not enoug! licences s
Make sure that license server configuration at ESX
level' L
reserve physical memory on the host'
V-"afri." -uV *nfigured to
\
memory is un available'
But the host memory is over committed i! the required
Corngu." tt V-aihine for lower level ofreservation values' t
;H:ilil H;ffito,;^, ;
^d.
" ;;;nrnware HA cluster with.strict admissio1?i::l T*i:i
or missing' €
.^' ;rii;,i r". starting the Vrnachine (Vdisk of swap file)may be un available
affected file'
Loo-[ ifr"'V.*"t" log filJs from the fail to identify host system S
;;;;i;";"y *qui;a uott vr_capable cpU and the vT feature to be enabled in the
BIOS (If VM is 64 -bit) €
Enable VT on Intel.
€
\Machinedoessuccessfullypoweronbuttheguestoscloesn'lstartcorrectly.Theremaybean
ilr"p;;tbti
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L"i*"", €
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i
>T*t n do when a virtual machine does not respond? i
Ifavirtualmachinefailstoanswerpings,oryoucannotconnecttothe\Moverthenetwork,youmayneed (
to:
1. check the status of the virtual machine in vcenter I
2. cornect to the virlual machine console for troubleshooting i
3. force a hard reset on the virtual machine
guidelines:
ln order to perform any or all of those operations, u-se-the following"oi
altematively, the Web Access from a
1. Connect ro the vcenter .;;;, ;i"B the vSphere Client,then read section "Errorl Reference source
browser. If you do not have the vSpliere Client installed,
be downloaded from the vcenter
not found.,, for instructions. No# rnu, the vSphere client can also
not just ftom ESXi hosts'
Server (enter the vcenter server IP address in a browser)'
select "\Ms and Templates" from the home page in the
inventory section:
2. Once connected,

21
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Figure I The vSphere Client home page
You can then select your virtual machine in the left pane, or select the datacenter, then the
Machines" tab on the right, and then search for your virtual machine name:
"virtual

L-
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Figure 2 Finding a virtual machine

rj
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t-
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tab'
make sure it is selected' then look at the summary
4. Once vou have found your virtual machine' the \rM icon in
*Srate.. field shows if the vrri'rr'p"*.."i'""'Lr p"*"r.. olf. You can also look at
The
the left pane to determine if it is on or offl

[n"'. r5ry Inlento.r ]&'tglt:

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Figure 4 A Powcr-ed off VM

29
T
r'
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I., 5. L -Ie \a{ is powered off, you can power it on by clicking the "Power on" command in the
t..mmands" panel:
r.'
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u
r Eil ,+., u:"

&& ilore ia i"l€i ltrilEl !':..niie

&x :oa,ert ic ienplate

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Figure 5 The Porver On command
can also force a hard reset on a powered on VM (iusr like pressing the reset button on a physical

u
YL-.u
sener) by right-clicking the \M and selecting "Power > Reset". Note that you should only reset

u r-:nual machines once you have detennined that they are completely hung as this may otherwise result
in loss of data (some disk i/o rnay still be in memory and not committed to disk).

u
u
\-!ru may also want to check that the virtual network adapter is connected and plugged in the
appropriate port group. Click on "Edit Settings" in the "Commands" panel then select the network
adapter u,hich is used to nomally connect to the virtual machine, and make sure the device status is
"Connected", and that the "Network Connection" has the correct network label selected.

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Figure 6 Checking the virtual network adapter settings
8. You can also launch a virtual machine console to connect to login the operating system of the yirtual
machine independently of the network availability (a bit like using an RSA2 or IMM adapter on a

rLJ
physical server). Select the "Open Console" command in the "Commands" panel:

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Figure 7 The open console command
that you may
9. A new window will open, and after awhile, the console screen will be displayed Note !-
have to click in the display and move the mouse or t)?e on your keyboard to take the \M out of
screen saver mode if it has been enabled. In order to r"na crnL-etr-DEl to login, you can click i v
the display, then use CTRL-ALT-hsert: |.

i.
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Figure 8 Logging in the guest OS thru the console

10. Performance will be slow and sluggish, this is expected However you can try and
troubleshoot the
virtual machine from that determine for example if it can ping its gateway, or restart the
"onsole"u-od Guest
guest oS cleanly. that you can also restart the guest os cleanly
'in Note,,Commands"
by selecting the "Restart
65,, command the panel. This uses the \Mware Tools to send a clean restart

command in the operating system, soif the VMware Tools status is showing "OK" in the "General"
panel, it should work and is safer than doing a hard reset'

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Figure 10 The restart guest command
i1. If the operating system is not restarting correctly, you can boot the virtual machine from a CD or D\rD

u
ISO irrage or even a CD or DVD inserted in your workstation. Edtt the settings of the \/tr4, then select
the ''CD/D\|D Drive 1" device, then select "Client Device" to boot ftom a CD or DVD mounted o1't

u lour workstation, or select "Datastore ISO File" and browse to an ISO image on one ofthe datastores.
Refer to section "Error! Reference source not found." for more infomation on console access and
peripheral management.

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32

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for a virtual machine

Figure 12 Ihe tasks and eYents vie\Y
"Tasks- ro tt",*hul':,:lt
1J. Next ro "view'. vou can selecr
H:J:.;Y:::,,' 1":J""Hi:i"#,i; ;"*'"".i;; ui,t# -u.t ;;
(such as alarms or DRS
uv using the free text field in the
),:::"f*H:::l,'tr;:1,X'#:CI5J;
upper
*"
migations). Note that ,"" "" ;':;';;"';i"ti' "'a'"t"*t
right comer.
connected to (storage'
components the virtual machine is
14- If vou want to know to what physical
"Maps" tab:
,'r"r*ort< ana host), selecl the

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1i. For storage, you can also have a more detailed view by selecting the "storage Views" tab, then

E
selecting the "Maps" view which then shows you the controller cards used on the host as well as the
LIIN(s) making up the datastore which contains the virtual machine virtual disk files:

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IfyouwanttimeissettingbetweenVcenter,EsXhost,anvirtr.ralmachine.Weshouldpoweroffthe C
Vmachine.
e
GotoVmachine>Editsetting>options>vmwaretools>enablethesynchronizeguesttimehost. e
e
If you want increase virtual machines CPU,RAM memory'
{
(
First we should power off the Vmachine
(
CPU or RAM memory>increase how many
Go to Vmachine >Edit setting> hard ware list>select (
(
CPU's or how much memory You want'
(
(
If you want increasing Vmachne CPU's or RAM memory in Power
on state?
(

(
A. One option is there enabled Hot add, hotplug'
(

35
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1-
..\.dding hard$ are resources (Memory/Disk/CPUs) to virtual machines

u >=;::: j:scribing procedure for adding/removing virtual machine resources.

l. .lifesing vinual machine settings panel

l' T-:-e are 3 basic ways ofaccessing \&4 settings using vSphere Client:

lj .. L sing Getting Started tab

L
l'
ri
;
1.

2.
Select virtual machine that You
want to cdit
Select General Settings tab

lj 3. Clrck Edit virtual machine

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settings

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2. Using Summary tab

1. Select virtual machine that You

want to edit

L' 2. Selecl Summary tab

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L) r t 'e:.snncE 3. Click Edit settings
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Using \M drop down menu
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1. Select and right click virhral
machine that you want to edit
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2. Click Edit settings I
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o. the vanualmachine i

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Assigning additional memory to virlual uchine

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NOTE: Additional rnemory can be assigned only when \M is powered off, unless the
guest opelating

,y.t"* ,"ppo.t, roemory hot-aid. You can-check the options of the virtual machine to see if memory hot-
add is enabled.

Open Virtual Machite Properties par,el

using one of earlier described methods.
E B(tr
1. From the Hardware column
select Memory

2. Set desired memorY size

3. Click OJ(

37
A;signing additional virtual hard disk

Open Virtual Machine Properties panel

using one of earlier described methods.
1. Click Add...
2. Click OK

3. Selecl Hard Disk

4. Click OK

5. Selecl Create a new virtual disk

6. Click OK

38
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7. Set desired Disk Size
!-
8. lJr:liter Disk Provisioning $ecliofl
selecl Allocate and commit
space on demand (Thin
Provisioning)
9. Click Next

t-

10. Under Virhnl Device Node

section select desired SCSI
location
NOTE: All data drives should
be located under SCSI (1:X)

1 1. Click Next

12. Verify options of new disk

13. Click Finish

39
 14. Fromthe Hardware column
select newly created SCSI
l.t6 Controller
15. Check Controller tlpe:
If it is already set to
Paratirtual sl,tp lo point 20.
- Otherwise proceed with point
16.

16. Chck Change Type...

17. Selccl VMwa re Paravi rtuq I

utder SCSI Controller Type
18. Click OK

19. Confinn that New SCSI

Controller is sello Paratirtual
20. Click Or(

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Assigning aililitional virtual CPU(s)
NOTE: Adtlitional CPU can be assigned only when \M is powered off, unless the guest operating
r
system supports CPU hoplug. You cancheck the options of the virtual machine to see if CPU hotplug is
enabled.
r
Open Virtual Machine Properties pan,el t
using one of earlier described methods.
I . From the Hard.ware column
t
select CPUs t,
2. Set desired number of virtual E
pfocessors

3. Cllck OK
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41

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Create and Delete a VM clone
Clone feature integated with vSphere can be used to make exact copy of source server, deploy new server
tom soutce server

u Create
1.
ln[ chne
Los in to vcenter server using vSphere client

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u
l{ark \/It,I which you want to
SB
fught click on marked \M and choose CLONE from menu.

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Ta5T

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. Provide Clone name and choose \rM folder for clone

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Choose

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Always choose Thir.r provisioning format disk

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I . In Guest customization tab there are three options: \

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l. Do not customize: it will create exact copy ofcloned \M

2. Clone VM can be customized (new host name' IP' SID' etc) I
3. Clone \4r4 can be customized based on predefined profile
\

Delete WI clone
1. Log to vCenter servct trsing vSphere client
2. Mark Clone \rN4 $4rich has to be deletqd
4i
lIale se that conect VM is marked, Right click on selected VM and from Menu choose Deiete from Disk,
YLl si[ E remoyed. Aom vc,enaer invencory sams as VMI)K files wil lre doloced ftorn l4uaFs datascoro

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44
 a

Using Snapshots
Section describes how to mange Virtual Machine snapshots using vSphere client. Snapshots can be used in
order to roll back all changes which were made after snapshot was taken.

Create snapshot
1. Log in to vCenter sewer using vSphere client
2. Select target Right click ) Snapshot ) take Snapshot

3. Provide name and description for snapshot, make sure that option Snapshot the virtual machine's
click OK to start-

In the Recent Tasks you can see snapshot creation progress

Aclive TE5ksl credle virtual mnchir

fr Credle virtual machine snEp5hol

45
rr-:
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u \M
Select and frorn Top menu choose Icon Snapshot manager

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\err u'indorv with detailed information about our

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L- Delete snapshoL

L: 1. Log in to vcenter server using vSphere client

L. l. Mark Virrual Machine where is snapshot which you want to delete

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 Snapshot manager windorv popup, mark snapshot $,hich you want to delcte and click delete
Noti: if you have more then one snapshot created o1r particular virtual machine than you can use
button Delete All to remove all

5. Wait when delete can follow it on Recent tasks window

REmove snapshot & AK-rrr_ol 0

41
rL
L-
L.
fu Ra'tutt to snsphot

ff G.. :o oprion is used when administrator want to roll back virtual machine state to state before snapshot
l. Loe in to \Center server with vSphere client

f \Iark target Virtual Machine, click on icon Snapshot manager

ffi
}}J- [

&S ftom top task bar

and click Go to.

Q .Horv do you know VM taken snapshot or not? {Or}

You rvant to see where the snapshot taken IIow much space occupy?

A . Select Host>Storage yiews> display the snap shotS

Drive Expansions:

Dtrta Drive:

1. Choose the vm sever from VI end right click edit settings choose the harddisk to extend, in the right
pane enter the value in provisoned space.

2. From the OS end go the disk management check the available diskspace
irom the command prorrpt diskpafi
li st disk,
enter list volumes.
enter select volurle,
enter exter)d.

i. Conlomr thc cxtcndcd space from the my conputer.

48
 a

i
(
(
I
s
Local Datastore(DAS) Missed:
(
l.Found one \M is powered off :
2.Found Local_Datastore missing, asked onsite engineer a
to insert the Harddisk, rebooted the
ESX box and ofno use_
a
3.Reseated the Harddisk again and rebooted the
ESX box press F2 and enabled the luns, a
after that local datastore got found and vm got ."plu""d
i; il;;;pinal
state.
e

All VMrs in the site porveretl off at once: e

s
I . All vm's powered off at once.
\
2. ESX box disconnected state.
i
3. Found ESX box is isolated from the network. a
There was manual reboot of the physical Switch.
:
4. Cluster settings found that ESX host isolation response
shutdown the vm,s. S
5. In the cluster both Ilosts are comected to the same physical
Switch.
b
t

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ff wemory {096 t48
El cpus 1

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B v.deo rdd
Pr VI4CI devire s
ig Fbppy d{ve I Client Device
& cD/DvD drive 1

S Netv orkadapter I
Client Device
10.103.x.x
s
ln NetworkadBprer Z TivoliEdckup \
e scsr conrrolter0 L5l Lolic parallel
Viriual Disk \
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s
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49

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u

OS drive:

i . Choose the r,rn sever from VI end right click edit settings choose the harddisk to
ertend, in the right pane enter the value in provisoned space.

l. From the OS end go the disk lnanageurent check the available diskspace
frorn the command prompt.
3. Go to extpart
enter as: extpart C: size in mb.

-1. Conform the extended space from the my computer.

4096 MB
tr CPUs I

VI4CI device
_a ClienL Device
o_ cololD drive 1 Client oevice
la 10,103.x.x
E Tivoll Backlp
S{5I .ontroller 0 LsI Loqil: Fer6]lEl

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