Devdeep Bose

DGM ( Commng & Testing)

• INTRODUCTION TO SUPER CRITICAL
UNI -
POINTS OF DISCUSSION

 SUB CRITICAL & SUPER CRITICAL BOILER

 SIPAT BOILER DESIGN

 SIPAT TURBINE DESIGN

 DESIGN PARAMETERS

 COMMISSIONING

 PRE COMMISSIONING PROBLEMS

 POST COMMISSIONING PROBLEM

 COMPARISION OF 660 MW Vs 500 MW BOILER

Description unit 660 500

S/H STEAM FLOW T/HR 2225 1625

SH STEAM PR KG/CM2 256 179
SH STEAM TEMP 0C 540 540
RH STEAM FLOW T/HR 1742 1397.4
RH STEAM TEMP INLET 0C 303.7 338.5
RH STEAM TEMP OUTLET 0C 568 540
RH STEAM PRESS INLET KG/CM2 51.17 46.1
FEED WATER TEMP 0C 291.4 255.2
 Tonnage Comparison

Description 660 MW 500 MW

Structural Steel Erection 7383 9200
Boiler Proper & Accessories (Pre. Parts) 7080 5300
Refractory, Insulation & Cladding 1410 2000
Power Cycle Piping 3032 2200
Soot Blowing System 54 76
Coal Firing System 3573 2000
Draft System 5275 5200
Fuel oil system 62 200
Miscellaneous System 130 280
Electrical & Instrumentation 282 380
TOTAL 28281 26836
 Material Comparison

Description 660 MW 500 MW

Structural Steel Alloy Steel Carbon Steel

Water wall T22 Carbon Steel
SH Coil T23, T91 T11, T22
RH Coil T91,Super 304 H T22, T91,T11
LTSH T12 T11
Economizer SA106-C Carbon Steel
Welding Joints (Pressure Parts) 42,000 Nos 24,000 Nos
 Structural Comparison
Slno 660 MW 500 MW Remarks
1 STRUCTURALS

a
Entire structural is bolting type-
entire structure is bolted. Holes
are drilled on the columns and
gusset plates, and supplied with
matching plates.
b.
No Welding work involved in
assembly/ Erection , except
Walkway rail post welding
c
Material supply is tier wise
including staircases, railing,
gratings etc.
Advantages (660MW) of
Bolting structure:
oFast in erection.
Structural is
oClean environment
assembled at site
oNo Welding network required
with welding
oSafety at site
oPainting finish is good
o( No Weld surface)
Assembly is carried Can be dismantled if required
out with Welding ( For Maintenance purpose)
Material is supplied Erection completion tier wise,
as per the erection including gratings, platforms ,
sequence. staircases etc.
 COST COMPARISON

1 Cost of SG Package 1970.73 Cr 1020.54 Cr with ESP

2 Cost of ESP 183.54Cr

3 Total cost of Boiler + ESP 2154.27 Cr 1020.54 Cr

4 Cost of Boiler per MW with ESP 1.09 Cr 1.02 Cr

5 Cost of TG for entire stage 1204.72 Cr 634.31 Cr

6 TG cost per MW 0.6Cr 0.63 Cr

 BOILER SPECIFICATION

Description unit

S/H STEAM FLOW T/HR 2225

SH STEAM PR KG/CM2 256
SH STEAM TEMP 0C 540
RH STEAM FLOW T/HR 1742
RH STEAM TEMP INLET 0C 303.7
RH STEAM TEMP OUTLET 0C 568
RH STEAM PRESS INLET KG/CM2 51.17
FEED WATER TEMP 0C 291.4
 = Boiler Efficiency Quoted Turbine Heat Rate
100% TMCR 86.27% 100% Load 1904 Kcal / KWH
80% TMCR 86.60% 80% Load 1924 Kcal / KWH
60% TMCR 86.68% 60% Load 1973 Kcal / KWH
50% TMCR 86.91% 50% Load 2065 Kcal / KWH

Net Plant Heat Rate = NTRH

= 2207 KCal / KWHR ( at 100% TMCR)

80% TMCR = 2222 Kcal / KWHR
60% TMCR = 2276 Kcal / KWHR
50% TMCR = 2376 Kcal / KWHR

Plant Efficiency at 100% TMCR = 38.96%

80% TMCR = 38.7 %
60% TMCR = 37.78%
50% TMCR = 36.19%
 Supplier : M/s DOOSAN

 Erection By : M/s L&T

 UNDERSTANDING SUPER CRITICAL TECHNOLOGY

 When Water is heated at constant pressure above the critical pressure, its
temperature will never be constant

 No distinction between the Liquid and Gas, the mass density of the two
phases remain same

 No Stage where the water exist as two phases and require separation : No
Drum

 The actual location of the transition from liquid to steam in a once through
super critical boiler is free to move with different condition : Sliding Pressure
Operation

 For changing boiler loads and pressure, the process is able to optimize the
amount of liquid and gas regions for effective heat transfer.
 SUPER CRITICAL
BOILER CYCLE WITH SH, RH & Regeneration

TEMP 1 3
540’C 568’C
600

500
Steam flow :2225 T/Hr
400 2 Steam temp : 540 ‘c
Steam Pres : 256 kg/cm2
300 RH pre : 51.6 Kg/cm2
RH Temp : 568’c
200 Feed water Temp : 291’c

100

5 4
0

ENTROPY
 540°C, 255 Ksc

568°C, 47
Ksc 492°C, 260 Ksc

FUR ROOF
457°C, 49 Ksc
I/L HDR ECO HGR
O/L HDR
HRH LINE

MS LINE

411°C, 411°C,
277Ksc 275 Ksc

SEPARATOR

S
T FINAL SH
FINAL
O RH LTRH
R
DIV PANELS SH PLATEN
A SH
G
E

T VERTICAL WW
A
ECO

305°C, 49 Ksc
G N
K
JUNCTION
HDR
LPT LPT IPT
C
O HPT
N ECONOMISER
D
E
N
S
E
R
ECO I/L

FEED WATER
BWRP
290°C, 302 KSC

FUR LOWER HDR

FRS
 Steam

Partial Steam Generation

Complete or Once-through
Steam Generation

Heat Input
Water

Heat Input

Water
Water
Boiling process in Tubular Geometries
 SIPAT SUPER CRITICAL BOILER

 BOILER DESIGN PARAMETER

 DRUM LESS BOILER : START-UP SYSTEM

 TYPE OF TUBE
 Vertical
 Spiral

 SPIRAL WATER WALL TUBING

 Advantage
 Disadvantage over Vertical water wall
 Vertical Tube Furnace

 To provide sufficient flow per tube, constant pressure furnaces

employ vertically oriented tubes.

 Tubes are appropriately sized and arranged in multiple passes in

the lower furnace where the burners are located and the heat input
is high.

 By passing the flow twice through the lower furnace periphery

(two passes), the mass flow per tube can be kept high enough to
ensure sufficient cooling.

 In addition, the fluid is mixed between passes to reduce the upset

fluid temperature.
 Spiral Tube Furnace

 The spiral design, on the other hand, utilizes fewer tubes to obtain
the desired flow per tube by wrapping them around the furnace to
create the enclosure.

 This also has the benefit of passing all tubes through all heat
zones to maintain a nearly even fluid temperature at the outlet of
the lower portion of the furnace.

 Because the tubes are “wrapped” around the furnace to form the
enclosure, fabrication and erection are considerably more
complicated and costly.
 SPIRAL WATER WALL

ADVANTAGE

 Benefits from averaging of heat absorption variation : Less tube leakages

 Simplified inlet header arrangement
 Use of smooth bore tubing
 No individual tube orifice
 Reduced Number of evaporator wall tubes & Ensures minimum water flow
 Minimizes Peak Tube Metal Temperature
 Minimizes Tube to Tube Metal Temperature difference

DISADVANTAGE

 Complex wind-box opening

 Complex water wall support system
 tube leakage identification : a tough task
 More the water wall pressure drop : increases Boiler Feed Pump Power
 Adherence of Ash on the shelf of tube fin
 BOILER OPERATING PARAMETER
FD FAN 2 No’S ( AXIAL ) 11 kv / 1950 KW 228 mmwc

1732 T / Hr
PA FAN 2 No’s ( AXIAL) 11 KV / 3920 KW 884 mmwc

947 T / Hr
ID FAN 2 No’s ( AXIAL) 11 KV / 5820 KW 3020 T / Hr
TOTAL AIR 2535 T / Hr
SH OUT LET PRESSURE / TEMPERATURE / 256 Ksc / 540 C
FLOW 2225 T / Hr
RH OUTLET PRESSURE/ TEMPERATURE / 46 Ksc / 568 C
FLOW 1742 T / Hr
SEPARATOR OUT LET PRESSURE/ 277 Ksc / 412 C
TEMPERATURE
ECONOMISER INLET 304 Ksc / 270 C
MILL OPERATION 7 / 10

COAL REQUIREMENT 471 T / Hr

SH / RH SPRAY 89 / 0.0 T / Hr
BOILER EFFICIENCY 87 %
 Coal Analysis

Design Worst Best Young Hung Tangjin 1. High erosion

Parameter Unit
Coal Coal Coal #1,2(800MW) #5,6(500MW) potential for
High Heating Value kcal/kg 3,300 3,000 3,750 6,020 6,080 pulverizer and
backpass tube is
Total Moisture % 12.0 15.0 11.0 10.0 10.0 expected due to
Proximate Volatile Matter % 21.0 20.0 24.0 23.20 26.53 high ash content.
Analysis Fixed Carbon % 24.0 20.0 29.0 52.89 49.26
Ash % 43.0 45.0 36.0 13.92 14.21
2. Combustibility
Fuel Ratio (FC/VM) - 1.14 1.00 1.21 2.28 1.86 Index is relatively
Combustibility Index - 2,067 2,353 2,476 2,781 3,492
low but
combustion
Carbon % 39.53 31.35 40.24 63.03 62.15 characteristic is
Hydrogen % 2.43 2.30 2.68 3.60 3.87 good owing to
high volatile
Nitrogen % 0.69 0.60 0.83 1.53 1.29
Ultimate
content.
Oxygen % 6.64 5.35 8.65 7.20 7.80
Analysis
Sulfur % 0.45 0.40 0.60 0.72 0.68
Ash % 43.00 45.00 36.00 13.92 14.21
Moisture % 12.00 15.00 11.00 10.00 10.00
Grindability HGI 50 47 52 45 48
Hi–Vol. ‘C’ Hi–Vol. ‘C’ Hi–Vol. ‘C’ Midium Vol. Hi–Vol. ‘C’
ASTM Coal Classification -
Bituminous Bituminous Bituminous Bituminous Bituminous
 Ash Analysis

Design Worst Best Young Hung Tangjin

Parameter Unit
Coal Coal Coal #1,2(800MW) #5,6(500MW)
SiO2 % 61.85 62.40 61.20 57.40 57.40 1. Lower
Al2O3 % 27.36 27.31 27.32 29.20 29.20 slagging
potential is
Fe2O3 % 5.18 4.96 5.40 4.40 4.40 expected due
CaO % 1.47 1.42 1.52 2.70 2.70 to low ash
Ash MgO % 1.00 1.03 0.97 0.90 0.90 fusion temp.
Analysis Na2O % 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.30 0.30 and low basic
K2O % 0.63 0.32 1.22 0.70 0.70 / acid ratio.
TiO2 % 1.84 1.88 1.80 1.30 1.30 2. Lower fouling
P2O5 % 0.54 0.55 0.44 - - potential is
SO3 % 0.05 0.05 0.05 - - expected due
Others % - - - 3.10 3.10
to low Na2O
o and CaO
Ash Fusion Initial Deformation C 1150 1100 1250 1200 1200
content.
Temp. (oC) Softening o
C - - -
o
(Reducing Hemispheric C 1400 1280 1400
Atmos.) o
Flow C 1400 1280 1400
Ash Content kg/Gcal 130.3 150.0 96.0 23.12 23.37
Basic / Acid B/A 0.09 0.09 0.10 1.63 1.63
 BOILER LOAD CONDITION

Constant Pressure Control

 Above 90% TMCR The MS Pressure remains constant at rated pressure

 The Load is controlled by throttling the steam flow

 Below 30% TMCR the MS Pressure remains constant at minimum

Pressure

Sliding Pressure Control

 Boiler Operate at Sliding pressure between 30% and 90% TMCR

 The Steam Pressure And Flow rate is controlled by the load directly
CONSTANT PRESSURE Vs VARIABLE PRESSURE BOILER CHARACTERSTIC

Boiler Load %
20 40 60 80 100
+1
Variable Pressure
Efficiency Change %

-1

-2

-3

-4
Benefits Of Sliding Pressure Operation ( S.P.O)

 Able to maintain constant first stage turbine temperature

 Reducing the thermal stresses on the component : Low Maintenance & Higher
Availability

 No additional pressure loss between boiler and turbine.

 low Boiler Pr. at low loads.

WHY NOT S.P.O. IN NATURAL/CONTROL CIRCULATION BOILERS

 Circulation Problem : instabilities in circulation system due to steam formation in

down comers.

 Drum Level Control : water surface in drum disturbed.

 Drum : (most critical thick walled component) under highest thermal stresses
 LMZ (LENINGRADSKY METALLICHESKY ZAVOD)

 K STANDS FOR KLAPAN LTD.,BULGARIA WHICH SUPPLIES

TURBINE,NOZZLES,DIAPHRAGMS, SEALS,BLADES ETC.
1.TG DECK IS VIS SUPPORTED AND HAS 26 CONCRETE COLUMNS
(T1 – T26).
2.TG HALL IS CONSTITUTED OF 3 MAINS ROWS OF COLUMNS – A,B ,C
ROW AND TWO BAYS – AB BAY AND BC BAY. THE WIDTH OF AB BAY IS
36m AND BC BAY IS 12m

3.CONDENSER TUBE BANKS (CW PATH) HAS AN INCLINATION OF 40.

4.THERE ARE TWO MAIN EOT CRANES FOR TG HALL.EACH EOT
CRANE IS HAVING A CAPACITY OF 200t FOR MAIN HOIST AND 20t FOR
AUXILIARY HOIST. 35.5m IS THE MAXIMUM VERTCAL DISTANCE A
HOIST CAN TRAVEL.TANDEM OPERATION OF TWO EOT CRANES ARE
ALLOWED.
IP Turbine
LP Turbine
Ext. Source Of Extraction Destination Equipments
No

1 13th stage of HPT HPH-8

2 CRH HPH-7

3 3rd stage of IPT HPH-6 *

3 3rd stage of IPT TDBFP

4 6th stage of IPT DEAERATOR

5 8th stage of IPT LPH-4

6 11th stage of IPT LPH-3

7 2nd stage of LPT LPH-2

8 4th stage of LPT LPH-1

 Condenser

• Design LMZ
• Design CW Flow 64000 m3/hr
• Vacuum 77 mm Hg (abs) at 33 0C
89 mm Hg (abs) at 36 0C
• No. of passes 1
• Total no. of tubes 22.225 (OD)x0.71 (t) - 29920
22.225 (OD)x1.00 (t) - 2080
• Tube material ASTM A-249 TP 304
• Rated TTD 3.40C
• DT of CW 100C
 Condensate Extraction Pump

• Design flow rate 238.75 Kg/s

• Discharge pressure 32.15 Ksc
• Shut off head 395 m
• Pump speed 1480 rpm
• Power input 972.3 KW
• No. of stages 6
• Type of first stage impeller double entry
• Depth 7.43 m
 MDBFP

• Pump flow 769.950 TPH

• Suction temp 186.2 0C

• BP Suction pr. 14.05 ata

• BFP Suction pr. 21.01 ata
• BFP Discharge pr. 335.78 ata
• BFP Discharge temp. 187.9 0C

• BP Discharge pr. 22.01 ata

• Shut off head 4830 m
• BFP Speed 6275 rpm
• BP Speed 1490 rpm
• Normal R/C flow220 TPH
• HC Rated O/P Speed 6505 rpm
• Outer casing type barrel
• No. of stages 7
• BFP warm up flow 15 TPH
 TDBFP

• Pump flow 1283.14 TPH

• Suction temp 186.2 0C
• BP Suction pr. 14.10 ata
• BFP Suction pr. 28.24 ata
• BFP Discharge pr. 335.83 ata
• BFP Discharge temp. 187.8 0C
• BP Discharge pr. 29.06 ata
• Shut off head 4580 m
• BFP Speed 4678 rpm
• BP Speed 2098 rpm
• Normal R/C flow 365 TPH
• HC Rated O/P Speed 6505 rpm
• Outer casing type barrel
• No. of stages 7
• BFP warm up flow 20 TPH
 Drip Pump

• Design flow rate 324.509 TPH

• Discharge pressure 43 ata
• Shut off head 306.7 m
• Pump speed 1486 rpm
• Power input 310.1 KW
• No. of stages 5
• Type of first stage impeller centrifugal, single entry
• Depth 1090 mm
RATED CONDITIONS

• LOAD : 660MW
• BEFORE HP STOP VALVE
• STEAM PRESSURE : 247KSC
• STEAM TEMPERATURE : 5370C
• STEAM FLOW : 2023.75T/HR

• AFTER HPC
• STEAM PRESSURE : 48KSC
• STEAM PRESSURE : 298.710C

• BEFORE IP STOP VALVE

• STEAM PRESSURE : 43.2KSC
• STEAM TEMPERATURE : 5650C

• STEAM FLOW TO REHEATER : 1681.12T/HR.

• DESIGN CONDENSER PRESSURE : 0.105KSC (abs.)
• COOLING WATER FLOW : 64000M3/HR
• FINAL FEED WATER TEMP. : 286.350C
• FREQUENCY RANGE : 47.5 – 51.5 Hz
STEAM TURBINE
• Generator rated speed 3000 rpm
• Generator manufacturer Electrosila
• No. of bleedings 8
• Length of the turbine 36.362 m
• No. of stages
 HPT 17
 IPT 11x2
 LPT-1 5x2
 LPT-2 5x2
 Total 59
• Turbine Governing system
 Mode of Governing Nozzle
 Type E/H
 Control fluid Firequel-L make
Supresta-USA
 Normal Operating Pr. 50 Ksc
 Capacity 600 lpm
 Fluid pump motor rating 200 KW
 Filter material Ultipor
 Mesh size 25 µ
 Turbine Protections

Turbine protection system consists of Two Independent channels,

each operating the corresponding solenoid (220V DC) to trip the
Turbine in case of actuation of remote protection

Hydraulic Protection: Apart from the Electrical Trip, Turbine is

equipped with the following Hydraulic Protections:

1. Local Manual Trip (1V2)

2. Over speed Trip #1 at 110% of rated speed
3. Over speed Trip #2 at 111% of rated speed
4. Governing oil pressure < 20 Ksc

Contd..
5.Axial shift Very High (2V3) [-1.7mm, +1.2mm]

6.Turbine bearing vibration : Very High (2V10 including X & Y

directions)* >11.2mm/sec (Td=2 sec)

7.Lube oil tank level very Low (2V3)* Td=3sec (Arming with two
stop valves open)

8.Lub oil pressure Very Low (2V3) < 0.3 Ksc; Td =3 sec (Arming
with two stop valves open)

9.Condenser pressure Very High (2V3) > - 0.7ksc

(Arming with condenser press < 0.15 ksc Abs)

Contd
10.M.S. temp Very Low (2V3) < 470 deg C (arming > 512 deg
C)*

11.M.S. temp Very High (2V3) > 565 deg C*

12.HRH temp Very Low (2V3) < 500deg C (arming > 535 deg
C)*

13.HRH temp Very High (2V3) > 593deg C*

14.HPT outlet temperature Very High (2V4) > 420 deg C

Contd…
15.Gen seal oil level of any seal oil tank Very Low (2V3)* < 0
mm;Td=15 sec (Arming with any two stop valves open)

16.All Generator seal oil pumps OFF (3V3)* Td: 9 sec (Arming
with any two stop valves open)

17.Generator Stator winding flow Very Low (2v3) < 17.3 m3/hr; Td
=120 sec (Arming with any two stop valves open)

18.Generator hot gas coolers flow Very LOW (2V3)* : <180m3/hr;

Td=300sec(Arming with any two stop valves open)

19.Generator cooler hot gas temp. Very High(2V4) > 85 deg (Td =
300sec

Contd
20.MFT operated: (2V3)

21.Deareator level Very High (2V3) > 3400 mm*

22.HP heater level protection operated (2V3)*

23.Generator Electrical protection operated (2V3)

25.Turbine over speed protection operated (114%)

26.Turbine Controller failure protection operated (2V3)

 OF SIPAT SUPER CRITICAL UNIT

1ST UNIT SYNCHRONIZED AT : 18.02.2011

1ST UNIT FULL LOAD ACHIEVED AT :

2nd UNIT SYNCHRONIZED AT : 03.12.2012

2ND UNIT FULL LOAD ACHIEVED AT : 24.12.2012
PRE – COMMISSIONING ACTIVITIES

 CHEMICAL CLEANING OF BOILER :

REQUIRED FOR
Maintaining steam quality at the turbine inlet.
Minimizing corrosion of the metal surface of boiler.

 DETERGENT FLUSHING OF PRE-BOILER SYSTEM

To remove dirt ,oil ,grease etc., from Condensate ,Feed water, Drip and Extraction steam lines of HP and LP
heaters prior to putting these systems in regular service. This is to ensure flow of clean condensate and feed
water to the boiler.

 STEAM BLOWING OF POWER CYCLE PIPING :

The purpose of steam line blowing is to remove pipe slag, weld bead deposits and other foreign material from
the main and reheat steam systems prior to turbine operation. The cleaning is accomplished by subjecting the
piping systems to heating, blowing steam and cooling cycles in sufficient number and duration until clean steam is
obtained.

 SAFETY VALVE FLOATING

PRE – COMMISSIONING CHECKS

 All commissioning procedure should be finalized.

 P&I Drawings should be finalized and available with site engineer

 Different systems check list should be finalized with all concerned agencies

 All Field quality checks should be completed.

 P&I Checks should be finalized.

 Start – Up procedure should be finalized

 COMMISSIONING SEQUENCE OF TG SIDE

1.Commissioning of stator water cooling system for HV testing

before generator rotor insertion.
a) Stator water pump trial run.
b) Flushing of the system bypassing winding.
c) Flushing of the system through the winding.

2.Commissioning of MCW,ACW and DMCW system.

a) Trial run of pumps.
b) Flushing of the system.

3.Detergent Flushing of pre boiler system (Feed water ,condensate

,HPH and LPH drip system)
a) Cold water flushing until turbidity comes below 5NTU.
b) Hot water flushing (600C) with 2 hrs circulation of each circuit.
c) Raising water temperature to 600C and addition of Detergent
d) (Coronil 100%)
e) Circulation through each circuit for 2 hrs.
f) Hot draining of the system
g) DM water rinsing of each circuit until conductivity comes below
5µs/cm and oil content BDL.
h) Passivation with ammonia and hydrogen peroxide solution at a
temperature of 400C.
i) Draining of the system.

4. Lube oil flushing of MDBFP lube oil system.

5.Trial run of MDBFP.
6.Lube oil and seal oil flushing of main TG.
7.CF system flushing.
8.Condenser flood test.
9.Trial run of CEPs
10.Commissioning of generator gas system.
11.Generator ATT.
12.Calibration of HPCVs and IPCVs
13.Putting turbine on barring.
14.Vacuum pumps trial run.
15.Commissioning of seal steam system.
16.Commissioning of HP and LPBP system.
17. Vacuum pulling.
18.Lube oil flushing of TDBFP.
19.Steam blowing of TDBFP steam line.
20.Commissioning of TDBFP.
 MS Line HT CRH Line HT HRH Line HT
STATOR COOLING WATER

FUR DRAFT SYSTEM MS Line Welding CRH Line Welding HRH Line Welding
Completion ( 30 Pen) Completion ( 12 Pen) Completion (34 Pen)
SEC AIR SYSTEM

TG ON BARRING MS Line Hanger Erection CRH Line hangers Cold HRH Line Hangers Cold
Cold Setting Setting Setting

BRP TRIAL RUN

MS Line Insulation CRH Line Insulation HRH Line Insulation

TG LUBE OIL / GEN SEAL
OIL SYSTEM

POWER CYCLE PIPING STEAM BLOWING

FURNACE READINESS

FUEL OIL SYSTEM

CHEMICAL CLEANING OF
READINESS
BOILER

AUX PRDS READINESS

UNIT SYNCHRONIZTION
CONDENSER VACCUM
SYSTEM

MDBFP Trial COMPRESSED AIR

SYSTEM READINESS

CEP Trial
CW SYSTEM READINESS
GATES, DAMPERS /
VALVES
TG SEAL STEAM SYSTEM
TG :
SG : (13 / 190 ) MFT CHECKING
TG CONTROL FLUID SYS

TG GOV SYSTEM

DDCMIS FSSS READINESS

GEN GAS SYSTEM
 Discussion

Questions Please Enlighten Us

Evaporator – heat absorption
Reduced number of evaporator wall tubes.

 Ensures minimum water wall flow.

SPIRAL WALL ARRAMGEMENT AT BURNER BLOCK AREA :
Support System for Evaporator Wall

• Spiral wall  Horizontal and vertical buck stay with tension strip

• Vertical wall  Horizontal buck stay