Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Assignment # 5
Submitted to:
Mr. Kareem bakhsh
Submitted By:
Ahmer Sohail
Roll No:
UW-15-ChE-BSc-007
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Contents
1 Distillation column .................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Batch Columns ................................................................................................................. 3
1.2 Continuous Columns ........................................................................................................ 3
2 Main Components of Distillation Column .............................................................................. 3
3 HAZOP Studies on Distillation Column ................................................................................. 5
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1 Distillation column
There are many types of distillation columns, each designed to perform specific types of
separations, and each design differs in terms of complexity.
1. Product quality control to maintain either the overhead or bottom composition at a specified
value
2. Material balances control to maintain its column hold-up and overhead and bottom
inventories between maximum and minimum limits.
3. Constraints. The column should not flood. Pressure should be high enough to maintain
effective column operation and the temperature difference in the reboiler should not
exceeded critical temperature difference.
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A reboiler to provide the necessary vaporization for the distillation process
A condenser to cool and condense the vapour leaving the top of the column
A reflux drum to hold the condensed vapour from the top of the column so that liquid
(reflux) can be recycled back to the column
The vertical shell houses the column internals and together with the condenser and reboiler,
constitute a distillation column. A schematic of a typical distillation unit with a single feed and
two product streams is shown below:
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3 HAZOP Studies on Distillation Column
Guide Possible Action
Deviation Consequences
word causes required
NO No flow Pipe blockage Column dry out Install low level
Control valve shut Possible alarm
Valves fail dangerous Check
Tube leakage and concentration maintenance
blocking No operation procedure and
Pump failure schedule
Make bypass
Emergency plant
shut down
LESS Less Flow Pipe blockage Column dry out Install low level
Control valve shut Changes in alarm
Valves fail product quality Check
Tube leakage and maintenance
blocking procedure
Pump failure Make bypass
Emergency plant
shut down
MORE More flow Control valve is Flooding in the Install high level
fully opened column alarm
Increase pumping Changes in Check
capacity product quality maintenance
Control valves Temperature procedure and
failure decrease schedule
Rise in bottom Install control
liquid level valves
Install flow
indicator
Make bypass
HIGH High Vapor pressure high Low efficiency Install high
pressure Pressure indicator of separation pressure alarm
controller fail Rupture of Install pressure
column or other relief valve
related
equipment
Product loss
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High Instrumentation Separation Install temperature
Temperature failure cannot be done indicator
More steam flow Changes in controller
Exchanger tube product quality Instruct operator
failure Column on procedure
High steam pressure flooding Attention to heat
Cooling water in Film boiling in input and output
condenser failure. column and control
Reboiler control reboiler
failure Phase effect
Heating medium Pressure
leak into process changes
LOW Low Vapour line leakage Low efficiency Install pressure
pressure of separation indicator
Loss of products
Low Instrumentation Pressure change Install temperature
temperature failure Product loss indicator
Less steam flow Changes in Instruct operator
Loss of heating product quality on procedure
(steam leakage) Ineffective Upgrade isolation
Low steam pressure separating Attention to heat
and temperature process input and out
Ineffective isolation Phase effect control