ORIGEN DE LA INFORMACION

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Adopted refers to the child that has been legally made part of a family.
Adoptive refers to the parents who have adopted a child.
 adopted
He's adopted.
She's an adopted girl.
Adopted children are considered part of the family.
 adoptive
He's my adoptive father.
Adoptive mothers have the same benefits as biological mothers.
Adoptive parents love their children as their own.

Adverse means 'not good or favourable'.

Averse means 'unwilling to do something or not liking something'. The construction
is to be averse to doing something.
 adverse
That political decision had an adverse effect on the economy.
The trip was cancelled because of adverse weather conditions.
His campaign has received a lot of adverse publicity.
 averse
Rob is averse to (=doesn't like) having a pet.
Her mother was averse to letting the kids alone.
Our company is averse to reducing the staff.

To affect means "to do something that produces an effect in something else".

To effect means "to make something happen". As a noun, effect means "the way in
which something is changed; a result, or an outcome".
 affect
This decision will affect our lives.
The disease affected his nervous system.
Inflation affects the buying power of people.
 effect
The new director effected (=caused) a positive change.
The effect of having a new director was positive.
Inflation has an effect on the buying power of people.

In general, we say afraid to do (using the to-infinitive) to talk about the real action
we are afraid to do.
We say afraid of doing (using of+gerund) to talk about other possible actions that
may happen which would make us feel afraid.
 afraid to do
She is afraid to speak in front of all those people.
 (She doesn't want to speak in front of all those
people because she's afraid.)
 afraid of doing
She is afraid of saying something wrong.
(She is afraid because she might say something wrong.)

Allow and permit are similar, but permit is more formal and often used in passive
form.
Allow somebody to do something.
Something is (not) permitted.

Let means the same, but has no passive form. Allow should be used instead.
Let somebody do something.
Somebody is allowed to do something.
Allow y permit son similares, pero permit es más formal y se usa con frecuencia en la
forma pasiva.
Allow somebody to do something.
Something is (not) permitted.

Let significa lo mismo, pero no tiene forma pasiva. En su lugar debe usarse allow.
Let somebody do something.
Somebody is allowed to do something.
 allow (allowed, allowed)
We don't allow smoking inside.
Smoking is not allowed.
I won't allow you to go out tonight.
 permit (permitted, permitted)
The party will be next Sunday, weather permitting.
Smoking is not permitted.
 let (let, let)
She didn't let his son go out that night.
Let him go to the party!
He was allowed to go to the party.
 Related words and expressions
allowance: money given to somebody regularly.
make allowance for something: consider something when making a decision.
permit: official document that gives somebody the right to do something.
permission: act of allowing somebody to do something.

Already means 'by now, by then'. It's commonly used with perfect tenses.
All ready means 'completely prepared'.
 already
I have already read that book.
The students were already in class.
When they arrived, we had already finished eating.
 all ready
All ready, we can go.
 The students were all ready to begin the class.
When they arrived, we were all ready.

Altogether means 'completely, in total'.

All together means 'all the things/persons as a group'.
 altogether
How much is it altogether?
There were ten students altogether.
We can save the world altogether.
 all together
Are you travelling all together?
The ten students worked all together.
We can save the world all together.

Alternate means 'one after the other, in turns'.

Alternative refers to a choice between two things.
The adverbs are alternately and alternatively.

In the USA they prefer to use alternate in both cases, while in the UK they make a
clear distinction between alternate and alternative.
Alternate significa 'uno después del otro, en turnos'.
Alternative se refiere a una opción entre dos cosas.
Los adverbios son alternately y alternatively.

En los Estados Unidos prefieren usar alternate en ambos casos, mientras que en el
Reino Unido hacen una distinción clara entre alternate y alternative.
 alternate, alternately
The boys must take alternate turns on the computer (=one after the other).
The poker players alternately delt cards from the pack (=took turns at dealing the
cards).
 alternative, alternatively
If we can't go by car, our only alternative is the train (=the other option).
Luckily, I have an alternative car if this one doesn't start.
I might eat pizza tonight, or alternatively I might eat steak.

llude means to mention something or someone indirectly.

Elude means to escape from something or someone, to evade.
Allude significa mencionar algo o a alguien indirectamente.
Elude significa escapar de algo o alguien, evadir.
 allude
The candidate alluded to the recent scandal during the interview. (=He talked
about it indirectly.)
He didn't want to say who was fighting, but he alluded to our children.
Some parts of the New Testament allude to parts of the Old Testament.
 elude
The candidate eluded the recent scandal during the interview. (=He didn't talk
about it.)
 The actress eluded her fans by going out through the back door.
They eluded the teacher and ran away to the street.

Ambiguous means "unclear, confusing, or that can be understood in more than one
way".
Ambivalent means "having mixed feelings, or not sure about something".
Ambiguous significa "poco claro, confuso, o que puede interpretarse en más de un
forma".
Ambivalent significa "que tiene sentimientos encontrados, o no está seguro de algo".
 ambiguous
The language in her letter is very ambiguous.
His role in the affair was ambiguous.
This legislation is quite ambiguous.
 ambivalent
We were a bit ambivalent about getting married.
Peter had ambivalent feelings about moving to London.
He was ambivalent about accepting the offer.

Among is used when talking about three or more things or persons.

Between is used when talking about two things or persons.
Among se usa al hablar de tres o más cosas o personas.
Between se usa al hablar de dos cosas o personas.
 among
The little boy disappeared among the crowd.
The secretary searched for her pen among the papers on her desk.
The teacher usually walks among the kids during the break.
 between
There's a big contrast between town and country life.
Sheila sat down between Charles and Mary.
The ball rolled between his feet.

Amount is used to refer to a quantity of something uncountable.

Number is used to refer to things or people that can be counted. The expression "a
number of..." is followed by the verb in plural.
Amount se usa para referirse a la cantidad de algo incontable.
Number se usa para referirse a cosas o personas que pueden ser contadas. La
expresión "a number of..." va seguida de un verbo en plural.
 amount
She inherited a considerable amount of money.
We spent the same amount of time in France and Germany.
You should pay the full amount by the end of the month.
 number
A growing number of people are studying Spanish.
Our boss came with a number of creative ideas this morning.
A large number of questions have been answered by the police.
Annoyed means that you feel slightly angry with somebody because of what he has
done.
Irritated means that you feel slightly angry with something that keeps happening.
Nervous means that you are worried about something that you have to do and you
cannot relax.
Annoyed significa que te sientes un poco enfadado con alguien por lo que hizo.
Irritated significa que te sientes un poco enfadado por algo que continúa sucediendo.
Nervous significa que estás preocupado por algo que debes hacer y no puedes
relajarte.
 annoyed
She was annoyed that her boyfriend kept her waiting.
I'll be annoyed if you don't finish your homework.
 irritated
She was irritated by the noise coming from downstairs.
He was getting irritated by her questions.
 nervous
She was nervous about her first job interview.
What happened? You sound nervous.

We use as
- to talk about the role of somebody/something. Example: He works as a computer
programmer. (He is one.)
- to mean 'in the same way'. It's followed by a subject and a verb. Examples:
You think as your father did.
Our store will open on 25 December, as we usually do.

We use like
- to talk about similarity. Example: He uses the computer like a computer
programmer (but he's not one).
- to mean 'in the same way'. It's followed by an object, or by a subject and a verb.
Examples:
You think like your father.
Our store will open on 25 December, like we usually do.
Usamos as
- para hablar sobre el rol de alguien/algo. Ejemplo: He works as a computer
programmer. (He is one.)
- para decir 'de la misma manera'. Va seguido de un sujeto y verbo. Ejemplos:
You think as your father did.
Our store will open on 25 December, as we usually do.

Usamos like
- para hablar sobre una similitud. Ejemplo: He uses the computer like a computer
programmer (but he's not one).
- para decir 'de la misma manera'. Va seguido de un objeto, o de un sujeto y un
verbo. Ejemplos:
You think like your father.
Our store will open on 25 December, like we usually do.
 as
She works as a tourist guide. (She is one.)
You look as you brother did when he was your age.
 like
She knows the place like a tourist guide (but she's not one.)
You look like your brother.

Ascent is a noun that means "the act of climbing or moving upwards".

Assent is a noun that means "agreement or approval". As a verb, to assent means "to
agree".
Ascent es un sustantivo que significa "la acción de escalar o ir hacia arriba".
Assent es un sustantivo que significa "acuerdo o aprobación". Como verbo, to assent
significa "estar de acuerdo".
 ascent
He made his first ascent of the Everest five years ago.
Be careful, the ascent is really steep there.
The President's ascent to power took place last January.
 assent
Parliament gave its assent to the new tax regulations.
They assented to her request to work part-time.
After thinking about it, he finally assented to her idea of moving.

At last is used to say that something happens after waiting or trying for a long time,
and when you're happy about it.
Lastly is used to refer to the last action in a series, the last item in a list or to
introduce the last point you want to make.
At last se usa para decir que algo sucedes después de esperar o intentar por un largo
tiempo, y cuando estás contento por ello.
Lastly se usa para referirse a la última acción en una serie, el último ítem de una lista
o para presentar el último punto que quieres nombrar.
 at last
It's nice to be back home at last.
At last, we arrived!
At last you understand what I'm trying to say!
 lastly
Open the bin, load the paper and lastly turn on the printer.
You have to add salt, oil and lastly vinegar.
Lastly, I would like to remind you that our next meeting is on August 10th.

Award refers to an official prize given to someone for something he has done.
Reward refers to something given to someone because he has done something good
or helpful.
Award se refiere a un premio oficial otorgado a alguien por algo que ha hecho.
Reward se refiere a algo otorgado a alguien porque ha hecho algo bueno o útil.
 award
She has received an award as Teacher of the Month.
 Last year's award was given to Dr. Smith.
Stay at our award-winning hotel and enjoy your stay!
 reward
His mother has given him a reward for passing all the exams.
Our school has a system of rewards to encourage hard work.
A reward of $100,000 has been offered for giving the police information about the
criminal.

Beautiful is used to refer to a woman or a child, who are attractive in a noticeable

way.
Pretty is used to refer to a woman or a girl, who have a nice, attractive face.
Handsome is used to refer to a man or a boy, who are good-looking, attractive.
Beautiful se usa para referirse a una mujer o un niño pequeño, que son atractivos de
forma evidente.
Pretty se usa para referirse a una mujer o una niña, que tienen una cara bonita,
atractiva.
Handsome se usa para referirse a un hombre o un niño, que son bonitos, atractivos.
 beautiful
She was more beautiful than I had remembered.
What a beautiful child!
Julia Roberts is really beautiful.
 pretty
She looks pretty with that new haircut.
They have a pretty little girl.
Julia Roberts is really pretty.
 handsome
He is tall, blond and handsome.
They have a handsome young boy.
George Clooney is really handsome.

Bend means to make or become curved, no longer straight.

Fold means the same but implies that surfaces touch.
Bend significa hacer curvo o encorvar, no quedar derecho.
Fold significa lo mismo pero implica que las superficies se tocan.
 bend (bent, bent)
He bent the wire with his hands.
She bent down to pick up the coins.
The branches of that tree are bending towards the road.
 fold (folded, folded)
This table folds up so it's easier to carry.
Please fold your clothes, kids!
Fold the paper along the dotted line.
 Collocations:
A road bends.
You can bend your knees.
 A table/chair folds up.
You can fold paper/your arms/clothes.

Beside is a preposition that means 'next to', 'at the side of'.
Besides is a preposition that means 'in addition to', 'apart from'.
Besides is also an adverb that means 'in addition', 'also'.
Beside es una preposición que significa 'próximo a', 'al lado de'.
Besides es una preposición que significa 'además de', 'aparte de'.
Besides es también un adverbio que significa 'además', 'también'.
 beside
You should sit beside your brother.
The cinema is beside the supermarket.
 besides (preposition)
The film was too boring, besides being too long.
No one talked to her besides her mother.
 besides (adverb)
The film was too boring. Besides, it was too long.
She works all day. Besides, she has to do the housework.

Big and large have the same meaning. Large is more formal and is used in written
English. It's also used with the words 'proportion', 'number' and 'amount'.
Big y large tienen el mismo significado. Large es más formal y se usa en inglés escrito.
También se usa con las palabras 'proportion', 'number' y 'amount'.
 big
This airplane is really big!
We stayed in a big hotel.
 large
We stayed in a large hotel.
A large amount/proportion of money was given to charity institutions.
A large number of students didn't pass the exam.

These words derive from French. They refer to people with yellow hair.
Blond is used for males or for a mixed-gender group.
Blonde is used for females.

In the USA, however, it has become common to use blond for both males and
females.
Estas palabras provienen del francés. Se refieren a personas con cabello rubio.
Blond se usa para hombres o para un grupo mixto.
Blonde se usa para mujeres.

En los Estados Unidos, sin embargo, se ha vuelto común usar blond tanto para
hombres como para mujeres.
 blond
The tall, blond man came into the room.
A group of blond Scandinavians stood at the bus stop.
 blonde
My girlfriend is a natural blonde.
A group of blonde girls stood at the bus stop.

You borrow things from the owner.

The owner lends you things / lends things to you.
Tú tomas prestado (borrow) cosas del dueño.
El dueño te presta (lends) cosas a ti.
 borrow (borrowed, borrowed)
I borrowed this book from my brother. (The owner of the book is my brother, I just
took it for a determined period of time).
That kid is always borrowing from his friends.
 lend (lent, lent)
My brother lent me this book. (He is the owner of the book, and he gave it to me
for a determined period of time).
Banks usually lend money.

Brake means to make a vehicle go more slowly or stop. As a noun, it refers to the
piece of equipment that has that function.
Break means to separate into pieces, to damage, to smash something. As a noun, it
refers to a period of time when you stop working in order to rest.
Brake significa hacer que un vehículo vaya más despacio o se detenga. Como
sustantivo, se refiere al equipamiento que tiene dicha función.
Break significa separar en pedazos, dañar, destrozar algo. Como sustantivo, se refiere
a un período de tiempo cuando dejas de trabajar para descansar.
 brake (braked, braked)
He braked sharply to avoid the cat.
The driver braked but couldn't stop the bus in time.
The rear brakes are not working correctly.
 break (broke, broken)
He forgot his keys so he had to break a window to get into his house.
Stop playing with my camera, you'll break it!
Let's take a break and go for lunch.

Breath is a noun that refers to "the air that you take into or out of the lungs".
Breathe is a verb than means "to take air into the lungs and send it out again".
Breath es un sustantivo que se refiere al "aire que haces ingresar o salir de los
pulmones".
Breathe es un verbo que significa "ingresar aire a los pulmones y luego sacarlo".
 breath
Let your breath out when you go down.
She's got bad breath.
She smelled the wine on his boyfriend's breath.
 breathe
Relax and breathe deeply.
Help me, I can't breathe!
It was difficult to breathe because there was a lot of smoke.
Bring means to come with something/somebody to the place where you are or the
place that you are talking about.
Fetch means to go to a place and come back with something/someone.
Bring significa venir con algo/alguien al lugar donde tú estás o al lugar del que estás
hablando.
Fetch significa ir a un lugar y volver con algo/alguien.
 bring
Don't forget to bring a sweater.
Will you please bring me a glass of wine?
What should I bring to the party tomorrow?
 fetch
Please go upstairs to fetch a sweater.
Will you please fetch the kids from school?
He got up and fetched a cup of tea for his wife.

To call somebody and to phone somebody are used in informal English.

To ring somebody is used in informal British English.
To telephone somebody is only used in formal English.

There are also other expressions like:

- to give somebody a phone call
- to give somebody a call
- to give somebody a ring (British English)
To call somebody y to phone somebody se usan en inglés informal.
To ring somebody se usa en inglés británico informal.
To telephone somebody se usa solamente en inglés formal.

También existen otras expresiones como:

- to give somebody a phone call
- to give somebody a call
- to give somebody a ring (inglés británico)
 call / phone
You should call/phone your mother.
Please call/phone me when you arrive.
You can call/phone me whenever you want.
 ring
You should ring your mother.
Please ring me when you arrive.
You can ring me whenever you want.
 telephone
The police telephoned the suspect but could not reach him.
The secretary telephoned to say that she was late.
Sarah telephoned the insurance company to renew the policy.
Canvas is a noun that refers to the strong cloth on which a painting is done. It also
means the cloth used to make bags or tents.
Canvass is a verb that means to ask somebody's opinion or suggestion.
Canvas es un sustantivo que se refiere a la tela dura sobre la cual se pinta un cuadro.
También significa la tela usada para fabricar bolsos o carpas (tiendas de campaña).
Canvass es un verbo que significa pedir a alguien una opinión o sugerencia.
 canvas
He always carries a canvas to paint near the river.
On this gallery you will see a famous canvas by Monet.
This bag is made of a strong canvas.
 canvass
Police canvassed the district searching for information.
The mayor decided to canvass all neighbours about their needs.
Politicians always canvass support during their campaigns.

Capital refers to the city where the main government of a country or state is. It can
also refer to money or property used for business or to produce more wealth.
Capitol refers to the building in which the legislative assembly meets.
Capital se refiere a la ciudad donde está el gobierno central de un país o estado.
También puede referirse al dinero o propiedades usadas como negocio o para
producir más riqueza.
Capitol se refiere al edificio en el que se reúne la asamble legislativa.
 capital
London is the capital of the United Kingdom.
Washington D.C. is the capital of the United States.
The government wants to attract foreign capital.
 capitol
The US Congress meets in the Capitol.
The Capitol is in the capital of the country.
Each state in the US has its own capitol.

The verb to check means to find out if something is correct or in good condition.
The verb to control means to limit something or make something/someone do what
you want.
El verbo to check significa averiguar si algo es correcto o está en buenas condiciones.
El verbo to control significa limitar algo o hacer que algo/alguien haga lo que tú
deseas.
 check (checked, checked)
Check the quality before you buy.
Please check if the potatoes are cooked.
Let me check if the kids are fine.
 control (controlled, controlled)
The government presented a plan to control inflation.
Police had to control the crowd.
He took a deep breath to control his anger.
Chemist's is the shop where medicines are sold. It's only used in British English.
Pharmacy is the place where a pharmacist works. In American English, this may be a
shop or a part of a hospital. In British English it's used only to refer to a part of a
hospital.
Chemist's es el negocio donde se venden medicamentos. Se usa solamente en inglés
británico.
Pharmacy es el lugar donde trabaja un farmacéutico. En inglés americano, puede ser
un negocio o una parte de un hospital. En inglés británico se usa solamente para
referirse a una parte de un hospital.
 chemist's
We need aspirins. Tomorrow I will go to the chemist's.
She went to the chemist's but forgot to take the needed prescription.
 pharmacy
We need aspirins. Tomorrow I will go to the pharmacy.
She's been working for the hospital pharmacy for five years.

Cite is a verb that means "to mention something, or to give the exact words of
something that has been written". It also means "to order somebody to appear
before a court of law".
Site is a noun that means "a place or a position".
Cite es un verbo que significa "mencionar algo, o dar las palabras exactas de algo que
ha sido escrito". También significa "ordenarle a alguien que se presente ante una
corte de justicia".
Site es un sustantivo que significa "un lugar o una posición".
 cite
The lawyer cited the exact article of the constitution.
Many different causes were cited as the cause of the accident.
He was cited for his involvement in the robbery.
 site
This is the site of the proposed new airport.
Our house was built on the site of a medieval castle.
The police are still searching the site of the accident.

Classic is related to:

- things that serve as a standard, model or guide (for example, the classic model of
evolution)
- things of enduring interest, quality or style (classic cars, classic clothes, classic rock,
a classic design)
- typical things (He's late again, that's just classic!)

Classical is related to:

- things characteristic of Greek and Roman antiquity (for example, classical literature,
classical languages, classical cultures)
- the formally and artistically more sophisticated types of music (classical music
includes symphonies, operas, sonatas)
Classic está relacionado con:
- cosas que sirven como un estándar, modelo o guía (por ejemplo, the classic model
of evolution)
- cosas de interés, calidad o estilo duradero (classic cars, classic clothes, classic rock, a
classic design)
- cosas típicas (He's late again, that's just classic!)

Classical está relacionado con:

- cosas características de la antigüedad griega y romana (por ejemplo, classical
literature, classical languages, classical cultures)
- los estilos de música más sofisticados formal y artísticamente (classical music
includes symphonies, operas, sonatas)
 classic
I have a classical car (wrong, because there were no cars in antiquity). I have an
MG, it's a classic car.
I have a book of classic Tuscan recipes (recipes typical of a region or that act as
standard or guide).
 classical
I have a book of classical recipes (recipes of antiquity).
He only listens to classical music.

Close and shut have the same meaning, but close is more formal than shut.
Lock means to close/shut with a key, padlock or bolt.
Close y shut tienen el mismo significado, pero close es más formal queshut.
Lock significa cerrar con llave, candado o cerrojo.
 close (closed, closed)
Close the door, please!
All the shops here close on Sundays.
 shut (shut, shut)
Shut the door, please!
Did you remember to shut the gate?
Don't shut yourself in your room.
 lock (locked, locked)
Lock the door, please!
Did you remember to lock the gate?
 Related words and expressions
to close down: close permanently. That shop closed down.
to shut up: be quiet. Shut up, please!
to lock up: shut and lock completely. They locked up the house before going (they
locked all the doors and windows).
locker (n): place where things are kept and locked at a school, in a club, in a dorm
lock (n): what is used to lock something
shutter (n): wood or metal cover used for windows or shops

Coach is somebody who helps a person or a team to improve their technique or style
in a sport.
Trainer is somebody who teaches the skills needed for something.
Instructor is somebody who helps a person learn a new sport.
Coach es alguien que ayuda a una persona o equipo a mejorar en su técnica o estilo
en un deporte.
Trainer es alguien que enseña las habilidades necesarias para algo.
Instructor es alguien que ayuda a una persona a aprender un nuevo deporte.
 coach
The coach was happy with the performance of the team.
Our coach is always complaining about our lack of style.
 trainer
She works as a teacher trainer (=She trains future teachers).
He's a dog trainer (=He teaches some skills to the dogs).
 instructor
My skiing instructor was happy with my performance.
The driving instructor couldn't believe that she didn't know how to start the car.

Complement is something added to complete or make something perfect.

Compliment is a remark expressing praise and admiration.
Complement es algo agregado para completar algo o hacer que algo sea perfecto.
Compliment es un comentario que expresa elogio y admiración.
 complement
This white wine is a perfect complement to the dinner.
Your necklace is a great complement to that red dress.
A good salary is a fabulous complement to this wonderful job.
 compliment
I will take that as a compliment.
Being compared to Einstein is a big compliment.
Are you saying the truth or is that just a compliment?

Both refer to things that continue without stopping.

Continual is used for things that happen repeatedly, or for things that are annoying.
Continuous is used for things that go on without interruption.
Ambos se refieren a cosas que continúan sin parar.
Continual se usa para cosas que suceden repetidamente, o para cosas que son
molestas.
Continuous se usa para cosas que continúan sin interrupción.
 continual
There were two weeks of continual rain last month.
Her boss didn't want to listen to her continual complaints.
His continual attempts to improve the relationship have failed.
 continuous
We had three continuous hours of English class.
On this 24-hour news channel there's a continuous flow of information.
There has been a continuous fall of unemployment since 2010.

To control something means "to have the power to make something work in the way
you want".
To manage something means "to organize the way that something works, often with
responsibility for other people's work".
To control something significa "tener el poder de hacer que algo funcione de la
forma que quieres".
To manage something significa "organizar la manera en que algo funciona,
normalmente siendo responsable del trabajo de otras personas".
 control
The army controls the south of the country.
He has 60% of the shares, so he controls the company.
The government used to control prices in the past.
 manage
He manages a team of computer programmers.
Louise manages a small travel agency.
Managing a football team is very hard.

Cook is the person who cooks.

Cooker is the piece of equipment for cooking food. Cooker is used in British English.
In American English, stove is used.
Cook es la persona que cocina.
Cooker es el aparato para cocinar la comida. Cooker se usa en inglés británico. En
inglés americano, se usa stove.
 cook
This restaurant is managed by a famous cook.
He's a very good cook.
 cooker
The cooker is dirty. I have to clean it.
Some people have a gas cooker. Others have an electric cooker.

Costume refers to a set of clothes to make somebody look like another person, or
clothes that are typical of a place.
Custom refers to something done by people because it is traditional, or something
done every day.
Costume se refiere a un conjunto de ropa para hacer que alguien luzca como otra
persona, o la ropa que es típica de un lugar.
Custom se refiere a algo que la gente hace porque es tradicional, o algo que se hace
todos los días.
 costume
For the party he will wear a costume of a famous politician.
Halloween costumes are used by children on October 31st.
The dancers from Romania were in their national costume.
 custom
During the trip our guide gave us information about local customs.
It is the custom for the bride to wear a white dress.
They have the custom of waking up early.

Could is used to talk about a general ability in the past.

Was able to is used to talk about an ability on a specific occasion in the past.
Could se usa para hablar de una habilidad general en el pasado.
Was able to se usa para hablar de una habilidad en una ocasión específicadel pasado.
 could
When John was 16, he could already drive.
At the age of seven, Lisa could already speak three languages.
Matt was very smart, he could beat anybody in his class.
 was able to
John got lost but he was able to get back home by taxi.
When Lisa was in France, she was able to talk with the locals in French.
In the final test, Matt was able to get the best score.

Council is a noun and it means "a group of people that give advice or make laws".
Counsel is a verb and it means "to give advice, to consult".
Council es un sustantivo y significa "un grupo de personas que dan consejos o crean
leyes".
Counsel es un verbo y significa "dar consejos, asesorar".
 council
The Security Council has implemented a new law.
The City Council is working to get the problems solved.
She sent a letter to the council to complain about the noise.
 counsel
He counselled her to accept the settlement.
She counselled with her husband.
This association counsels alcoholic people.

Course means 'a series of lessons on a particular subject'. It also has other meanings.
Curse means 'a swear word'; 'a word or sentence used to do something bad to
somebody'; or 'something that causes trouble'.
Course significa 'una serie de lecciones sobre un tema determinado'. También tiene
otros significados.
Curse significa 'una palabrota'; 'una palabra u oración usada para hacer mal a
alguien'; o 'algo que causa problemas'.
 course
You should take a course on computer science.
She follows an Italian course on TV.
I decided to take a course in English.
 curse
He muttered a curse under his breath.
She was convinced that somebody had put a curse on her.
Pollution is one of the curses of modern times.

Critique is a speech, book or article that explains in detail the problems of

something; for example a book that deals with a set of political ideas.
Review is an article written by a critic in a newspaper or magazine, that gives an
opinion about a film, book, TV show, etc.
Critique es un discurso, libro o artículo que explica en detalle los problemas de
alguna cosa; por ejemplo un libro que trata de un conjunto de ideas políticas.
Review es un artículo escrito por un crítico en un periódico o revista, que da una
opinión sobre una película, libro, programa de TV, etc.
 critique
His latest book is a critique of modern economy theory.
She wrote a critique of capitalism.
This book is a critique of current models of education.
 review
His latest book received mixed reviews.
Her new novel got excellent reviews.
Have you read any reviews of this film?

Custom is used to refer to something considered normal or polite in other countries

or in other times.
Tradition is used to refer to something that has existed for many years, and it has
been passed down from previous generations.
Custom se usa para referirse a algo considerado normal o de educación en otros
países o en otras épocas.
Tradition se usa para referirse a algo que ha existido por muchos años, y ha sido
heredado de generaciones anteriores.
 custom
The Japanese have the custom of taking off their shoes before entering the house.
The tour guide explained the local customs.
It's the custom for the bride to get married in white.
 tradition
There are many ancient traditions in Japan.
His sons followed the family tradition and became lawyers too.
It's a tradition in our family for all first-born males to be called Charles.

Customer is the general word to refer to someone who buys something from a shop.
Client is used to refer to someone who pays for a service from a professional person
or company.
Patron is used to refer to someone who eats or drinks something in a restaurant, bar,
pub, etc.
Customer es la palabra genérica para referirse a alguien que compra algo en un
negocio.
Client se usa para referirse a alguien que paga por un servicio de una persona
profesional o una empresa.
Patron se usa para referirse a alguien que come o toma algo en un restaurante, bar,
pub, etc.
 customer
We receive many more customers during Christmas.
The customer is always right.
A customer has just entered the store and bought the last camera that we had.
 client
That lawyer has a lot of clients.
The director had a meeting with a new client.
The new hairdresser has already many clients.
 patron
Patrons are asked to refrain from smoking.
We offer facilities for disabled patrons.
Patrons are welcome to leave their comments on our guest book.

Definite means certain, clearly known, unlikely to be changed.

Definitive refers to something that is considered the best and that cannot be
improved.
Definite significa seguro, claramente sabido, poco probable a que cambie.
Definitive se refiere a algo que es considerado el mejor y que no puede ser
mejorado.
 definite
I can't give you a definite answer right now.
Please give me a definite date for the delivery or the goods.
 definitive
This book is the definitive guide to the city.
There is a definitive agreement to close down the company.

Desert refers to a large area where it's always hot and dry.
Dessert refers to the sweet food served after a main meal.
Desert se refiere a un área extensa donde siempre hace calor y hay sequía.
Dessert se refiere a la comida dulce servida después del plato principal.
 desert
This part of the country is mostly desert.
We crossed the Sahara Desert on camel.
The rally comes through the desert before arriving to Dakar.
 dessert
For dessert I'd like to have apple pie.
After the meal she served the dessert.
Desserts are always expensive at this restaurant.

Destroy means to damage something so badly that it cannot be used anymore or it

no longer exists.
Ruin means to damage something, but it still exists.
Spoil means to damage something, but it still exists. It's less strong than ruin.
Destroy significa dañar algo tanto, que no puede usarse más o que deja que existir.
Ruin significa dañar algo, pero aún sigue existiendo.
Spoil significa dañar algo, pero aún sigue existiendo. Es menos fuerte que ruin.
 destroy
The building was completely destroyed by the earthquake.
Many factories are destroying the environment.
His car was destroyed in the accident.
 ruin
The rain is going to ruin my new shoes.
Please, don't ruin my hair with that cheap dye.
Her career was ruined when she was fired.
 spoil
The lake has been spoiled by litter.
Food will spoil with this high temperature.
Don't let this incident spoil your holidays.

Device is a noun that means "a machine or tool".

Devise is a verb that means "to invent a new way of doing something".
Device es un sustantivo que significa "una máquina o herramienta".
Devise es un verbo que significa "inventar una nueva manera de hacer algo".
 device
She needs a special device to use the computer.
This device is used to separate water from oil.
Modern devices are quite expensive.
 devise
He devised a method for calculating the interest rate.
Scientists devised a new way of saving energy.
The director has devised a plan to make the company grow.

Device is used to refer to a piece of equipment or a tool that does a particular job,
and it may operate by electrical power or be used by hand.
Gadget is used to refer to a small piece of equipment that does something useful and
it's cleverly designed.
Machine is used to refer to a piece of equipment that does a particular job, and it
operates by electrical power. It is usually big and stays in the same place.
Device se usa para referirse a un aparato o herramienta que realiza un trabajo
específico, y puede funcionar con electricidad o ser usada a mano.
Gadget se usa para referirse a un aparato pequeño que hace algo útil y tiene un
diseño ingenioso.
Machine se usa para referirse a un aparato que realiza un trabajo específico, y
funciona con electricidad. Normalmente es grande y está fijo en un lugar.
 device
The police uses a device for detecting blood alcohol levels in drivers.
A mobile phone is a useful personal electronic device.
The living room has a temperature control device.
 gadget
The iPad is a cool gadget.
This is a neat gadget for opening cans without much effort.
I bought a new gadget for sharpening knives.
 machine
This washing machine is what we need right now.
I left a message on your answering machine.
You can buy drinks from this vending machine.

To direct somebody somewhere means to tell a person how to get to a place,

but you don't go with that person.
To take somebody somewhere means you go with that person to a place.
To lead somebody somewhere means you go in front of that person, who follows
you to a place.
To direct somebody somewhere significa decirle a una persona cómo llegar a un
lugar, pero tú no vas con esa persona.
To take somebody somewhere significa que tú vas con esa persona a un lugar.
To lead somebody somewhere significa que tú vas delante de esa persona, que te
sigue hasta un lugar.
 to direct (directed, directed)
The woman at the information desk directed me to my hotel.
The police agent directed me to the nearest post office.
 to take (took, taken)
My parents took me to the airport.
The taxi driver took me to the nearest post office.
 to lead (led, led)
The waiter led us to a table near the window.
Our tourist guide led us through the city.

Discrete means separate, distinct, discontinuous.

Discreet means careful about what you say or do, so that you don't offend other
people or reveal a secret.
Discrete significa separado, distinto, discontinuo.
Discreet significa cuidadoso con lo que dices o haces, para no ofender a otras
personas o revelar un secreto.
 discrete
The evolution process has a series of discrete steps.
They could clearly distinguish three discrete frequencies.
The problem has several discrete sections.
 discreet
She assured him that she would be discreet.
Please be discreet, I don't want everyone to know about this.
He waited patiently at a discreet distance.

Disinterested means impartial, unbiased, able to judge something fairly because the
person is not concerned with gaining any personal advantage from it.
Uninterested means not interested, indifferent. It's always followed by the
preposition in.
Disinterested significa imparcial, objetivo, capaz de juzgar algo con justicia porque la
persona no está preocupada en sacar ninguna ventaja personal de ello.
Uninterested significa no interesado, indiferente. Siempre va seguido de la
preposición in.
 disinterested
A disinterested mediator facilitated the negotiations.
A lawyer should provide disinterested advice.
That journalist always tells the truth and he's disinterested.
 uninterested
He was uninterested in my offer.
 Young people are uninterested in world politics.
She seemed uninterested in learning English.

Does is only used for the third person singular verbs in the present time.
Do is used for all other persons.
Does se usa solamente para los verbos de la tercera persona singular en tiempo
presente.
Do se usa para todas las otras personas.
 do
What do the boys eat for lunch?
Where do you go on Sundays?
I do not want to go.
 does
What does the boy eat for lunch?
Where does she go on Sundays?
He does not want to go.

Do relates to general actions.

Make relates to causing or creating something.
However, it's better to learn the fixed expressions.
Do se refiere a acciones generales.
Make se refiere a causar o crear algo.
Sin embargo, es mejor aprender las expresiones fijas.
 do (did, done)
You have to do these exercises for tomorrow.
I want you to do these exercises for tomorrow.
This won't do you any harm.
 make (made, made)
I've made a cake.
I'd like to make you an offer.
He made me read that book.
I was made to read that book.
 Common expressions
You do...
a favour
a job
a service
an exercise
an operation
business with somebody
crosswords
damage
evil
harm
justice
military service
something for a living
the dishes
the ironing
the cooking
the shopping
the washing
your homework
your best/worst
your duty
your teeth

You make...
a change
a choice
a complaint
a decision
a demand
a discovery
a fortune
a fuss about something
a guess
a journey
a mess
a mistake
a noise
a profit/loss
a report
a request
a speech
a treaty with somebody
a trip
an appointment
an arrangement
an effort
an excuse for something
an offer
breakfast/lunch/dinner
certain of/about something
enquires
friends with somebody
fun of something
good
money
peace with somebody
progress
room for something
sure of something
the bed
 the best of something
the most of something
trouble for somebody
your will
war on somebody
 Related words and expressions
do it yourself (or DIY): activity of making something oneself instead of employing
others to do it. Eg. a do-it-yourself shop.
do's and don'ts: rules. Eg. If you want to lose weight, here are some do's and
don'ts.
make (noun): brand. Eg. What make is your car?
be the making of somebody: make somebody succeed. Eg. These four years of
hard work will be the making of her.

Drive is used with vehicles of four or more wheels.

You drive a car, a taxi, a bus, a lorry, a train.
Ride is used with vehicles of two wheels, or with anything that we straddle.
You ride a bike, a bicycle, a motorbike, a pony, a horse, a camel.
It is also used with vehicles that you are not driving.
Drive se usa con vehículos de cuatro o más ruedas.
You drive a car, a taxi, a bus, a lorry, a train.
Ride se usa con vehículos de dos ruedas, o con lo que se monta.
You ride a bike, a bicycle, a motorbike, a pony, a horse, a camel.
También se usa con vehículos que no estás conduciendo tú.
 drive (drove, driven)
He lives in New York, where he drives a taxi.
Can you drive a lorry?
You need a special license to drive a bus.
 ride (rode, ridden)
I have never learned how to ride a bike.
When I was in Africa, I rode a camel.
It's very easy to ride a horse.
 Notice the difference:
If you drive a train, you are the driver.
If you ride a train, you are a passenger.
If you drive a bus, you are the driver.
If you ride a bus, you are a passenger.

During is a preposition and it's always followed by a noun.

While is a linking word and it's always followed by a clause.
During es una preposición y siempre va seguida de un sustantivo.
While es un conector y siempre va seguido de una oración subordinada.
 during
She usually watches TV during lunch.
You should take notes during the conference.
We went to the theatre during our stay in Paris.
 while
She usually watches TV while she's having lunch.
Joe invited his friends home while his parents were on holiday.
Your sister called you while you were at work.

Each refers to two or more objects/people individually. It is also used to refer to just
one member of a group.
Every refers to all members of a group. It is also used in expressions of time to refer
to a repeated action (for example 'every Sunday').
Each se refiere a dos o más objectos/personas individualmente. También se usa para
referirse a solamente un miembro de un grupo.
Every se refiere a todos los miembros de un grupo. También se usa en expresiones
de tiempo para referirse a una acción repetida (por ejemplo 'every Sunday').
 each
She had a bag in each hand.
There are four bedrooms, each with its own shower.
Each student has to bring some food.
 every
Every student has to bring some food.
We play football every Sunday.
Every six months I go to the dentist's.

Earn suggests "deserve". It may be used to talk about money obtained through work.
You earn money, a reward, admiration, respect.
Gain suggests "progress, increase, obtain an advantage". It is NOT used to talk about
money.
You gain advantage, experience, speed, time.
Win suggests "victory". It may be used to talk about money not obtained through
work.
You win a bet, a game, a race, a prize, a war.
Earn sugiere "merecer". Puede usarse para hablar de dinero obtenido con el trabajo.
You earn money, a reward, admiration, respect.
Gain sugiere "progresar, aumentar, obtener una ventaja". NO se usa para hablar de
dinero.
You gain advantage, experience, speed, time.
Win sugiere "victoria". Puede usarse para hablar de dinero no obtenido con el
trabajo.
You win a bet, a game, a race, a prize, a war.
 earn (earned, earned)
How much money do you earn?
She has certainly earned the prize and also our respect.
 gain (gained, gained)
That clock has gained time.
I have won a lot of experience in my job.
 win (won, won)
The team won the game very easily yesterday.
I have won the lottery!
Economic means 'connected with the economy'.
Economical means 'not expensive to use'.
Economic significa 'relacionado con la economía'.
Economical significa 'que no es caro usarlo'.
 economic
This has been an economic miracle.
The country is under an economic crisis.
 economical
This is an economical car, you can drive 100km
with just one litre!

Effective means 'producing the result that was wanted or intended'.

Efficient means 'working well, without wasting time, energy or money'.
Effective significa 'que produce el resultado buscado o deseado'.
Efficient significa 'que trabaja bien, sin derrochar tiempo, energía o dinero'.
 effective
The advertisement was simple but effective.
This computer programme is really effective; it gives me the answer I need.
 efficient
Since computers were installed, the administration us much more efficient.
This computer programme is really efficient; it gives me the answer in less than a
second.

Elicit is a verb that means "to obtain something, specially when it is difficult".
Illicit is an adjective that means "illegal, not allowed by laws or rules".
Both are pronounced in the same way.
Elicit es un verbo que significa "obtener algo, especialmente cuando es difícil".
Illicit es un adjetivo que significa "ilegal, no permitido por leyes o reglas".
Ambos se pronuncian de la misma manera.
 elicit
This test uses drawings to elicit words from small children.
The company tried to elicit information on the new market conditions.
The judge's questions elicited the truth from the convict.
 illicit
Police are investigating how illicit drugs were introduced into the country.
Illicit trade of cattle brings problems to the economy.
Gambling is illicit in some states.

Amount is used to refer to a quantity of something uncountable.

Number is used to refer to things or people that can be counted. The expression "a
number of..." is followed by the verb in plural.
Amount se usa para referirse a la cantidad de algo incontable.
Number se usa para referirse a cosas o personas que pueden ser contadas. La
expresión "a number of..." va seguida de un verbo en plural.
 amount
She inherited a considerable amount of money.
 We spent the same amount of time in France and Germany.
You should pay the full amount by the end of the month.
 number
A growing number of people are studying Spanish.
Our boss came with a number of creative ideas this morning.
A large number of questions have been answered by the police.

English refers to someone/something from England.

British refers to someone/something from Great Britain.

Many people use the terms 'British' and 'English' interchangeably, but Great Britain
is made up of England together with Scotland and Wales. If you are referring to this
larger entity (Great Britain), the word you should use is 'British'. Britons not from
England (the Scots, the Welsh) resent being referred to as 'English'.

The United Kingdom, an even larger entity, comprises all of the above plus Northern
Ireland, and people from there definitely resent being called 'English'!
English se refiere a alguien/algo de Inglaterra.
British se refiere a alguien/algo de Gran Bretaña.

Mucha gente usa los términos 'British' y 'English' indistintamente, pero Gran Bretaña
está formada por Inglaterra junto con Escocia y Gales. Si estás haciendo referencia a
esta entidad más grande (Great Britain), debes usar 'British'. A los británicos que no
son de Inglaterra (los escoceses, los galeses) les molesta ser llamados 'English'.

El Reino Unido, una entidad aún más grande, comprender todo lo anterior más
Irlanda del Norte, y a la gente de allí definitivamente les molesta que los llamen
'English'!
 English
She was born in England. She's English. She's British.
 British
She was born in Scotland. She's Scottish. She's British.
She was born in Wales. She's Welsh. She's British.
She was born in Northern Ireland. She's Northern Irish. She's British.

Ensure means to make certain or make sure of something. For example, ensure
(=make sure) that you are paid for the extra work.
Insure is used when you pay money to an insurance company to be protected. For
example, to insure yourself, a property, a car.
Ensure significa asegurarse de algo. Por ejemplo, ensure (=make sure) that you are
paid for the extra work.
Insure se usa cuando pagas dinero a una compañía de seguros para estar protegido.
Por ejemplo, to insure yourself, a property, a car.
 ensure
Please ensure that you lock all doors.
We ensure that the president will be safe during the parade.
 insure
This company will insure my car for only $40 per month.
Ensure you remember to insure your mobile phone against theft before travelling
abroad.

Envelop is a verb that means 'to cover or wrap up something completely'.

Envelope is a noun than refers to the thin paper cover in which you put a letter to be
sent.
Envelop es un verbo que significa 'cubrir o envolver algo totalmente'.
Envelope es un sustantivo que se refiere a la cubierta de papel fino en el que colocas
una carta para enviarla.
 envelop
The mountains were enveloped in mist.
She enveloped herself in a long cloak.
The fog enveloped the house.
 envelope
I need a white envelope to send this letter.
She tore open the envelope to read the letter.
This shop sells envelopes and stamps.

Equipment is used to describe the things necessary for a specific purpose. For
example, the equipment needed in a hospital.
Tools is used in expressions like 'garden tools' used by a gardener and 'work tools'
used by a carpenter.
Utensils is used in expressions like 'kitchen utensils'.
Apparatus is used in scientific or technical contexts, like 'gymnastic apparatus' (all
the apparatus in a gym) or the apparatus used for an experiment.
Equipment se usa para describir los objetos necesarios para un fin específico. Por
ejemplo, el equipamiento que se necesita en un hospital.
Tools se usa en expresiones como 'garden tools' (herramientas usadas por un
jardinero) y 'work tools' (herramientas usadas por un carpintero).
Utensils se usa en expresiones como 'kitchen utensils'.
Apparatus se usa en contextos científicos o técnicos, como 'gymnastic apparatus'
(todos los aparatos en un gimnasio) o los artefactos usados para un experimento.
 equipment
A lot of money was spent on the equipment of the new hospital.
 tools
The carpenter brought with him all the work tools that he needed.
 utensils
I will need some more kitchen utensils in order to follow this recipe for tomato
soup.
 apparatus
Astronauts usually have special breathing apparatus.

Especially is used to say that something applies more to one thing than to others.
Specially is used to say that something is done for a particular purpose.
Before adjectives it's better to use especially to emphasize them. For
example, especially good (but not specially good).

Especially cannot be used at the beginning of a sentence.

She loves vegetables. She especially likes carrots (but not Especially she likes carrots).
Especially se usa para decir que algo se aplica más a una cosa que a otras.
Specially se usa para decir que algo es hecho para un fin determinado.

Antes de adjetivos es mejor usar especially para enfatizarlos. Por ejemplo,especially

good (pero no specially good).

Especially no puede usarse al comienzo de una oración.

She loves vegetables. She especially likes carrots (pero no Especially she likes
carrots).
 especially
We should practice more, especially grammar.
Everybody likes this cake, especially the children.
This part of the film is especially interesting.
 specially
This mouse is specially designed for left-handed people.
I made this cake specially for you.
She specially liked the cake.

Even if means "whether or not". For example:

Even if I had time, I wouldn't watch that programme.

Even though means "despite the fact that". It's an emphatic version of "although".
For example:
Even though I had time, I didn't watch that programme.
Even if significa "tanto si como si no". Por ejemplo:
Even if I had time, I wouldn't watch that programme. (Tanto si tuviera tiempo como
si no, no miraría ese programa.)

Even though significa "a pesar de que". Es una versión enfática de "although". Por
ejemplo:
Even though I had time, I didn't watch that programme. (A pesar de que tuviera
tiempo, no miraría ese programa.)
 even if
Even if Mark told the truth, I wouldn't believe him.
Even if the train departs on time, we will never get there before six o'clock.
 even though
Even though Mark told the truth, I didn't believe him.
Even though the train departed on time, we didn't get there before six o'clock.

Faint means 'to become unconscious for a short time'.

Feint means 'to pretend to hit somebody, to make a movement to distract the
adversary, to make a deceptive action'.
Faint significa 'volverse inconsciente por un rato'.
Feint significa 'fingir golpear a alguien, hacer un movimiento para distraer al
adversario, tener una acción engañosa'.
 faint
When she saw the mouse under the table, she fainted.
Many people fainted in the blazing heat.
There was so much smoke that one firefighter fainted.
 feint
The boxer feinted and the crowd was surprised.
The national army feinted to distract the enemy from the real attack.
The midfielder feinted to shoot.

Farther means "more distant". With this meaning, you can also use further. Both are
the comparative forms of "far".
Further also means "additional, or to a greater degree".
Farther significa "más distante". Con este sentido, también puedes usar further.
Ambos son las formas comparativas de "far".
Further también significa "adicional, o a mayor nivel".
 farther
They decided to go farther and walk into the wood.
Our town is five kilometres farther north.
The boat drifted slowly farther apart.
 further
They decided to go further and walk into the wood.
Do you have any further questions?
Visit our website for further details.

Fault refers to something wrong with a machine or system, or something that you
can criticize about a person or thing.
Mistake refers to something wrong in somebody's decisions, calculations, spelling,
grammar, etc.
Fault se refiere a algo mal en una máquina o sistema, o algo que puedes criticar
sobre una persona o cosa.
Mistake se refiere a algo mal en las decisiones de alguien, cálculos, ortografía,
gramática, etc.
 fault
The computer system stopped after a fault.
The engine had a design fault.
That film is good but it has a fault: it's too long.
 mistake
His letter is full of spelling mistakes.
There must be some mistake with the bill.
Buying that car was the biggest mistake she ever made.

Fear is a noun. It refers to the feeling of being afraid. You can't say I have fear, you
must say I am afraid or I am frightened.
Afraid and Frightened are adjectives. They both mean being frightened because
something bad may happen.
Fear es un sustantivo. Se refiere al estado de tener miedo. No se puede decir I have
fear, debes decir I am afraid o I am frightened.
Afraid y Frightened son adjetivos. Ambos significan tener miedo porque algo malo
puede suceder.
 fear
She has fear of flying.
People must be able to express themselves without fear.
He has fear of dogs.
 afraid
She was afraid of being caught by the police.
The little kid was afraid of the dark.
Don't be afraid. The dog's not going to hurt you.
 frightened
She was always frightened of her father.
She was frightened of being left alone in the house.
Don't be frightened. The dog's not going to hurt you.

Fewer means "a smaller number" and it's used with countable nouns.
Less means "a smaller amount" and it's used with uncountable nouns.
Fewer significa "un número menor" y se usa con sustantivos contables.
Less significa "una cantidad menor" y se usa con sustantivos incontables.
 fewer
There were fewer people at the bank this morning.
This year fewer foreigners have arrived at our country.
Fewer planes have landed at the old terminal.
 less
You should eat less salt.
Now that he works, he has less time to read.
He was paid less money than he expected.

Fix is often used to talk about repairing a vehicle or a machine.

Mend is often used to talk about repairing holes in clothes, shoes, roofs or roads. It
can also be used to talk about repairing anything that is broken.
Fix se usa a menudo para hablar de reparar un vehículo o una máquina.
Mend se usa a menudo para hablar de reparar agujeros en la ropa, zapatos, techos o
caminos. Puede usarse también para hablar de reparar algo que está roto.
 fix
Our car isn't working, but Dad will fix it soon.
Oh, no! The computer got stuck again. Can you fix it?
The little boy fixed the brakes on the bicycle by himself.
 mend
I think we'll need to mend the roof soon.
His mother mended his trousers.
Those shoes need to be mended.
Flammable and inflammable are synonyms. They refer to something that starts to
burn very easily.
To mean not flammable you should use nonflammable.
Flammable e inflammable son sinónimos. Se refieren a algo que comienza a
quemarse muy fácilmente.
Para decir no flamable debes usar nonflammable.
 flammable
Caution! Highly flammable liquid.
That substance is flammable, you'd better stay away.
Petrol is highly flammable.
 inflammable
Caution! Highly inflammable liquid.
That substance is inflammable, you'd better stay away.
Petrol is highly inflammable.

Floor refers to where something is in a building.

Storey is used when talking about the structure of a building, in British English. The
plural is storeys.
Story is used when talking about the structure of a building, in American English. The
plural is stories.
Floor se refiere al lugar donde algo se encuentra en un edificio.
Storey se usa al hablar de la estructura de un edificio, en inglés británico. El plural es
storeys.
Story se usa al hablar de la estructura de un edificio, en inglés americano. El plural es
stories.
 floor
He lives on the fourth floor.
Tourists can go up to the top floor.
 storey
The building is 20 storeys high.
They live in a three-storey house.
 story
The building is 20 stories high.
They live in a three-story house.

Forth means 'forward or outward'. It's frequently used after a verb.

Fourth means 'coming after three other things in a series'.
Forth significa 'hacia adelante o afuera'. Se usa con frecuencia después de un verbo.
Fourth significa 'que viene después de otras tres cosas en una serie'.
 forth
The house was burning, pouring forth black smoke.
Arguments were put forth for changing the law.
In his speech he set forth his opinion about the problem.
 fourth
This is the fourth time that I telephone you and you don't answer.
He got his first bike for his fourth birthday.
US Independence Day is on the fourth of July.
Glance means to look quickly and deliberately.
Glimpse means to see something/somebody by chance for a very short time. The
expression "to get/catch a glimpse of" is also used.
Glance significa mirar rápida y deliberadamente.
Glimpse significa ver algo/a alguien de casualidad por muy poco tiempo. También se
usa la expresión "to get/catch a glimpse of".
 glance (glanced, glanced)
The man glanced around the restaurant and saw all tables were taken.
He glanced at his watch and said it was time to go.
He glanced at the newspaper headlines.
 glimpse (glimpsed, glimpsed)
I glimpsed somebody behind the curtain.
She glimpsed a shadow at the window.
We got a glimpse of Julia Roberts as she hurried past.

We say go shopping to talk about shopping as a leisure activity, something done in

our spare time. We say do the shopping to talk about shopping as housework or an
activity that is part of the routine.
Usamos go shopping para hablar de las compras como una actividad de ocio, algo
que realizamos en nuestro tiempo libre. Usamos do the shoppingpara hablar de las
compras como una tarea hogareña o una actividad que es parte de la rutina.
 go shopping
She loves going shopping and buying new clothes.
(She does it in her spare time.)
 do the shopping
She usually does the shopping every Saturday.
(She buys the necessary things for the home,
it's part of the housework.)

Goal is the act of scoring in a match. It's also something that you hope to achieve in
the future.
Gaol is a British word for jail.
Jail is the place where convicted criminals are sent to serve their prison sentences.
Goal es el acto de marcar en un partido. También es algo que esperar lograr en el
futuro.
Gaol es una palabra británica para significar jail (cárcel).
Jail es el lugar donde se lleva a los delincuentes convictos para cumplir su sentencia.
 goal
Beckham scored the first goal.
His goal was to have his own company.
 gaol
The thief was finally sent to gaol.
The arrested man was released from gaol for lack of evidence.
 jail
He has been in jail for three years.
She's serving a 3-year jail sentence.
When these verbs are used in spoken phrases, they mean the same. But:
Guess is used in American English.
Suppose is used in British English.
Cuando estos verbos se utilizan en frases orales, significan lo mismo. Pero:
Guess se usa en inglés americano.
Suppose se usa en inglés británico.
 guess
I guess that's his boyfriend.
I guess it's too late to call her.
I guess he's not at home now.
 suppose
I suppose that's his boyfriend.
I suppose it's too late to call her.
I suppose he's not at home now.

Have been is used to talk about completed visits.

Have gone implies that the person has not yet returned.
Have been se usa para hablar de visitas terminadas.
Have gone implica que la persona aún no ha regresado.
 have been
Have you ever been to Europe?
I've been to Europe twice.
He has never been to Japan.
 have gone
Where is Tom? He has gone to Europe.
Tom was offered a new job and he has gone to Europe.
My mother has gone to the market, but she'll be back in a minute.

Hear refers to the action of receiving sounds in our ears unintentionally.

Listen refers to the action of paying attention to the sounds in our ears.
Hear se refiere a la acción de recibir sonidos en nuestras orejas involuntariamente.
Listen se refiere a la acción de prestar atención a los sonidos en nuestras orejas.
 hear (heard, heard)
I heard a crash when I opened the window.
Grandpa can't hear very well.
 listen (listened, listened)
Have you listened to his latest song?
Listen! Somebody is coming!

They mean the same: Paying money to be allowed to use something for a certain
amount of time. Both are used in some situations:
You rent or hire a car, a bike, a TV, a camera.
Rent is preferred when talking about a flat, a house, a caravan.
Hire is also used when talking about people and tools.
When used as a noun we say 'flats to rent', but 'bikes for hire'.
Ambos significan lo mismo: Pagar dinero para obtener permiso para usar algo por un
cierto período de tiempo. En algunas situaciones se usan ambos:
You rent or hire a car, a bike, a TV, a camera.
Rent es preferible al hablar de un departamento, una casa, una casa rodante.
Hire también se usa al hablar de personas y herramientas.
Cuando se usan como sustantivo decimos 'flats to rent', pero 'bikes forhire'.
 rent (rented, rented)
How long are you renting this car?
She's renting a flat in the middle of the city.
 hire (hired, hired)
I hired this bicycle for two hours.
My company is hiring new people.

Historic means 'making history or important in history'.

Historical means 'related to the study of history'.
Historic significa 'que hace historia o es importante en la historia'.
Historical significa 'relacionado con el estudio de la historia'.
 historic
The landing on the moon was a historic moment.
This is a historic monument.
 historical
You have done a lot of historical research.
There is no historical evidence for it.

History refers to all the events that happened in the past, especially those related to
the development of a place or institution.
Story is a description of how something happened and it's usually intended to
entertain people.
History se refiere a todos los eventos ocurridos en el pasado, especialmente aquellos
relacionados al desarrollo de un lugar o institución.
Story es una descripción de cómo sucedió algo y normalmente tiene la intención de
entretener a la gente.
 history
That was a decision that changed the course of history.
I'm studying European History this semester.
History shows that the change of government was inevitable.
 story
I've read an interesting book of short stories.
The film was based on a true story.
His parents didn't believe his story.

Hole is a noun and it refers to 'an empty space in something solid'.

Whole is an adjective that means 'all of something'.
Hole es un sustantivo y se refiere a 'un espacio vacío en algo sólido'.
Whole es un adjetivo que significa 'la totalidad de algo'.
 hole
She has found a hole in her old sweater!
 There was a hole in our garden yesterday.
These socks are full of holes.
 whole
She ate the whole cake for breakfast.
You're very young, you have your whole life ahead of you!
The whole country is living the same situation.

Horrible refers to something that you don't like at all.

Horrific refers to something that is frightening or upsetting.
Horrible se refiere a algo que no te gusta para nada.
Horrific se refiere a algo que asusta o altera.
 horrible
The weather has been horrible all week.
This cake tastes horrible!
What is that horrible smell?
 horrific
There was a horrific car accident.
Her injuries were really horrific.
Being lost in that city was horrific.

House is used to talk about a type of building.

Home is used to talk about the place where someone lives and feels that he belongs
to.
House se usa para hablar de un tipo de construcción.
Home se usa para hablar del lugar donde alguien vive y al que siente que pertenece.
 house
You have a beautiful house, Mary!
This house was built in the sixteenth century.
I'd like to move here, so I'm looking for a new house in this neighbourhood.
 home
Oh, home, sweet home!
She lives a long way from home.
He left home at eighteen.
 Related words
houseproud: giving great attention to the care and appearence of one's home
housework: work done in a house
homework: work given to students to be done at home
homesick: sad because one is away from home
homeless: without a home

Humid is used to talk about the wet weather or air that makes you feel
uncomfortable.
Damp is used to refer to something slightly wet in an unpleasant way. It can also
refer to the air.
Moist is used to refer to something slightly wet in a pleasant way.
Humid se usa para hablar del clima o aire húmedo que te hace sentir incómodo.
Damp se usa para referirse a algo ligeramente mojado en forma desagradable.
También puede referirse al aire.
Moist se usa para referirse a algo ligeramente mojado en forma agradable.
 humid
I can't stand this humid weather.
Shanghai is very humid in summer.
The humid atmosphere of the greenhouse is good for the plants.
 damp
It was a damp day and we could barely breathe.
The little room was dark, cold and damp.
Wipe the computer screen with a damp cloth.
 moist
She made a delicious, moist chocolate pudding.
He laughed so much that his eyes were moist.
The soil should be moist before planting the seeds.

Illness is used to talk about a health problem in particular.

Disease is used to talk formally about a group of illnesses or a health problem in
general.
Illness se usa para hablar de un problema de salud en particular.
Disease se usa para hablar formalmente de un grupo de enfermedades o un
problema de salud en general.
 illness
He suffers from a serious illness.
Her father was recovering from an illness.
 disease
There are many serious diseases in the world.
Vaccination against infectious diseases is obligatory.

Imply means 'to suggest that something is true, without saying it directly'.
Infer means 'to form an opinion that something is probably true because of other
information you have'.
Imply significa 'sugerir que algo es verdad, sin decirlo directamente'.
Infer significa 'formar una opinión de que algo probablemente es verdad por otra
información que posees'.
 imply
The evidence implied that the killer was the butler.
The high level of radiation implies that these rocks are volcanic.
Democracy implies a respect for individual liberties.
 infer
From the evidence they inferred that the killer was the butler.
We can infer from these statistics that poverty has increased.
You may infer a wrong conclusion if you don't have enough information.

Incidence means 'the number of times something happens'.

Incident means 'an event that is unusual, important or violent'.
Incidence significa 'el número de veces que algo sucede'.
Incident significa 'un evento que es inusual, importante o violento'.
 incidence
The incidence of colds goes up in winter.
There is a high incidence of malaria in the tropics.
Smokers have the highest incidence of respiratory diseases.
 incident
It was just an isolated incident.
The plane landed without incident.
She was involved in the incident.

Include is used to mention only some of the parts of something.

Consist of is used to mention all the parts of something.
Include se usa para mencionar solamente algunas de las partes de algo.
Consist of se usa para mencionar todas las partes de algo.
 include
The tour price includes all taxes.
The lunch service doesn't include drinks.
My job includes training the new employees.
 consist of
The audience consisted of teenagers.
The lunch consists of several dishes.
My job consists of developing software and training the new employees.

Instance means 'an example of something'.

Instant means 'a moment of time'.
Instance significa 'un ejemplo de algo'.
Instant significa 'un momento en el tiempo'.
 instance
Specialists found many instances of discrimination.
In this instance we think that you are mistaken.
We have to avoid wasting money, for instance, on expensive toys.
 instant
The instant she saw him, she fell in love.
She looked at him for an instant before getting off the train.
She sat on the sofa and in that instant, the doorbell rang.

It's is the contracted form of 'It is' or 'It has'.

Its is the possessive form of 'it'.
It's es la forma contractada de 'It is' o 'It has'.
Its es la forma posesiva de 'it'.
 it's
It's nice to hear from you.
It's windy today.
Where's my cup? It's disappeared!
 its
The hotel has its own golf course.
This museum is known for its great collections.
That book is quite old; its pages are all yellow.
Job is the work that people do to earn money, especially when they work for a
company or public organization.
Work is a general word to refer to activities that people do to earn money, like
working for a company or for themselves.
Occupation is used to refer to the kind of work that somebody does. It's used
mainly on official forms.
Profession is a kind of work for which you need special education or training. For
example, a lawyer, a teacher, a doctor.
Job es el trabajo que la gente hace para ganar dinero, especialmente cuando
trabajan para una empresa u organización pública.
Work es una palabra genérica para referirse a actividades que la gente realiza para
ganar dinero, como trabajar para una empresa o por ellos mismos.
Occupation se usa para referirse al tipo de trabajo que alguien hace. Se utiliza
principalmente en formularios oficiales.
Profession es un tipo de trabajo para el que necesitas una educación o
entrenamiento especial. Por ejemplo, un abogado, un maestro, un doctor.
 job
She got a new job in a shopping centre.
My last job was for a computer firm.
 work
He started work when he was 18.
After three days off, she went back to work last Monday.
 occupation
Please fill in the form with your name, age and occupation.
Manual occupations are becoming more important in our world.
 profession
Members of the teaching profession are not very well paid.
The medical profession is not for everyone.

Last refers to something that happens at the end, with no others after.
Latest means the most recent or the newest.
Last se refiere a algo que sucede al final, sin que lo sigan otras cosas.
Latest se refiere al más reciente o al más nuevo.
 last
I haven't read the last chapter yet.
His last book was a success (=he no longer writes).
 latest
Her latest film is one of the worst she's ever made.
His latest book is a best-seller (=his most recent book, not necessarily the last one).

Later means 'after the present time or after the time you are talking about'.
Latter means 'the second or the last of the things mentioned'.
Later significa 'después del tiempo presente o después del tiempo del que estás
hablando'.
Latter significa 'la segunda o la última de las cosas mencionadas'.
 later
I will see you later.
Two months later he went back home.
I will finish my homework later.
 latter
Many people travel by train or bus, but I prefer the latter.
Paul and Chris are both my friends but only the latter visits me often.
There is the film and the book, but the latter is better.

Lawyer is the general word in British English for somebody who has professional
training in legal work.
Attorney is the general word in American English.
Solicitor is a lawyer in Britain who gives legal advice and prepares legal documents.
Barrister is a lawyer in Britain who represents a client in court.
Lawyer es la palabra genérica en inglés británico para nombrar a alguien que tiene
entrenamiento profesional en materia legal.
Attorney es la palabra genérica en inglés americano.
Solicitor es un abogado en Gran Bretaña que brinda consejos legales y prepara
documentos legales.
Barrister es un abogado en Gran Bretaña que representa a un cliente en la corte.
 lawyer
You should consult a lawyer.
He would like to become a lawyer.
 attorney
You should consult an attorney.
The company will pay the attorney's fees.
 solicitor
The document should be signed by a solicitor.
Her solicitor explained how to solve her problem.
 barrister
The barrister representing the boy went before the Court of Appeal.
The barrister told the court her client had been seriously injured.

Lay is a regular verb (lay-laid-laid).

It's transitive (takes an object), lay something.
Lie is an irregular verb (lie-lay-lain).
It's intransitive (no object), something lies.

Lie (=tell a lie, not tell the truth) is a regular verb (lie-lied-lied).
Lay es unn verbo regular (lay-laid-laid).
Es transitivo (lleva un objeto), lay something.
Lie es un verbo irregular (lie-lay-lain).
Es intransitivo (no lleva objeto), something lies.

Lie (=decir una mentira, no decir la verdad) es un verbo regular (lie-lied-lied).

 lay (laid, laid)
Hens lay eggs.
The maid was laying the table when I arrived.
 lie (lay, lain)
He lay in bed for hours.
She was lying on the floor when I arrived.
 lie (lied, lied)
If you lie to me, I won't believe in you anymore.
Don't lie! Tell me the truth!

Let means to allow, to permit. It is also used in constructions like 'Let's do this' to
make a suggestion.
Leave means to go away, to depart. But it also means to let something stay, not
change something.
Let significa permitir. También se usa en expresiones como 'Let's do this'para hacer
una sugerencia.
Leave significa irse, partir. Pero también significa dejar algo como está, no cambiar
algo.
 let (let, let)
Let me tell you something. (=Allow/Permit me to tell you something)
Let's talk about your problem.
 leave (left, left)
The train leaves at 4.30.
You can leave your car in the parking lot.
I think you left the lights on.

Loath is an adjective meaning 'unwilling'. It ends with a hard th and rhymes with
growth or both.
Loathe is a verb meaning 'to hate intensely'. It ends with a soft th like the sound in
smooth or breathe.
Loath es un adjetivo que significa 'no dispuesto'. Termina con una th fuerte y rima
con growth o both.
Loathe es un verbo que significa 'odiar intensamente'. Termina con una thsuave
como el sonido en smooth o breathe.
 loath
He was loath to admit that he was wrong.
(=He was unwilling to admit it.)
 loathe
Fred loathes spiders.
(=He hates them intensely.)

The verb to lose has three meanings: to stop having something, to be unable to find
something, or to not win.
Loose is an adjective that means not firmly attached. As a verb, to loosemeans to
make something loose.
El verbo to lose tiene tres significados: dejar de tener algo, no poder encontrar algo,
o no ganar.
Loose es un adjetivo que significa no unido firmemente, suelto. Como verbo, to
loose significa hacer que algo esté suelto.
 lose (lost, lost)
You look better, have you lost weight?
I've lost my umbrella!
Our team lost four games in a row.
 loose
This tooth feels loose.
Her hair fell loose on her shoulders.
He always wears loose clothes.

Luck is an uncountable noun. You cannot say "to have luck", you have to add
something before: "to have bad luck", "to have good luck", "to have a bit of luck",
"to have no luck", "to have the luck to do something".

If you want to talk about one lucky event, you have to use a form like "a piece of
luck" or "a stroke of luck".

Lucky is an adjective. You can say "somebody is lucky".

Luck es un sustantivo incontable. No puedes decir "to have luck" (tener suerte),
debes agregar algo antes: "to have bad luck" (tener mala suerte), "to have good
luck" (tener buena suerte), "to have a bit of luck" (tener un poco de suerte), "to have
no luck" (no tener suerte), "to have the luck to do something" (tener la suerte de
hacer algo).

Si quieres hablar de un suceso con suerte, debes usar una expresión como "a piece of
luck" o "a stroke of luck" (ambas significan un golpe de suerte).

Lucky es un adjetivo. Puedes decir "somebody is lucky" (alguien tiene suerte).

 luck
I'm not having much luck today.
Bad luck seems to follow her everywhere.
You have the luck to live in the countryside.
 lucky
She was lucky and passed the exam.
You'll be lucky if you can get your money back.
It's your lucky day, so you are going to win!

Made from is used when the original materials are completely changed during the
process of making.
Made of is used when the original materials are not completely changed and can still
be recognized.
Made from se usa cuando los materiales originales se cambian totalmente durante el
proceso de fabricación.
Made of se usa cuando los materiales origianles no se cambian totalmente y aún
pueden reconocerse.
 made from
Paper is made from wood.
Our food is made from natural ingredients.
Wine is made from grapes.
 made of
This chair is made of wood.
Her purse is made of leather.
This shirt is made of cotton.

Money is the general word for the notes and coins used to buy things.
Currency is used to refer to the money of a particular country.
Cash is used to emphasize the reference to notes and coins (and not credit cards,
debit cards or cheques).
Change refers to coins, or to the money you get back when you pay for something.
Money es el término genérico para los billetes y monedas usados para comprar
cosas.
Currency se usa para referirse al dinero de un país en particular.
Cash se usa para enfatizar la referencia a billetes y monedas (y no tarjetas de crédito,
tarjetas de débito o cheques).
Change se refiere a las monedas, o bien al dinero que te devuelven al pagar algo.
 money
Can you lend me some money?
How much money do you need?
 currency
The local currency is the euro.
This bank can supply you with foreign currency.
 cash
You have to pay in cash, they don't accept credit cards.
All the cash was taken by the burglars.
 change
Excuse me, have you got change for a dollar?
Here's your change, madam.

Notable means 'important, interesting or unusual enough to be noticed'.

Noticeable means 'easy to notice'.
Notable significa 'lo suficientemente importante, interesante o inusual para ser
notado'.
Noticeable significa 'fácil de notar'.
 notable
A notable feature of this cathedral is the height of the spires.
He was awarded a Nobel prize for his notable achievement in Science.
Covent Garden is notable for its historic market.
 noticeable
There has been a noticeable improvement in your English.
It was noticeable that the suspect was very nervous.
There are noticeable mistakes on your essay.
Odd and Stange mean the same. They are used to refer to something unusual in a
way that you cannot understand.
Bizarre refers to something very unusual in a way that you think is amusing or hard
to believe.
Odd y Stange signfican lo mismo. Se usan para referirse a algo inusual en una forma
que no puedes comprender.
Bizarre se refiere a algo muy inusual en una forma que crees que esdivertida o difícil
de creer.
 odd
It seemed odd that he didn't say goodbye before leaving.
That was an odd thing to say.
His behaviour seems odd to me.
 strange
I heard strange noises coming from the basement.
It's strange that we have never seen each other before.
His behaviour seems strange to me.
 bizarre
That is a bizarre haircut.
She had a bizarre sense of humour.
They were wearing some bizarre costumes for Mardi Gras.

The meaning is the same.

The ending -ise is preferred in British English.
The ending -ize is preferred in American English.
El significado es el mismo.
La terminación -ise se usa preferentemente en inglés británico.
La terminación -ize se usa preferentemente en inglés americano.
 -ise
organise
criticise
realise
 -ize
organize
criticize
realize

Out means away from the building where you live or spend a lot of time.
Outside means not inside a building or room, but close to it.
Out significa alejado del edificio donde vives o pasas mucho tiempo.
Outside significa no dentro de un edificio o cuarto, pero cerca de él.
 out
The boss is out. He'll be back in the afternoon.
We could go out tonight.
Did anybody call while I was out?
 outside
The boss is outside his office. He'll be back in a moment.
 Please wait outside in the corridor.
Meet me outside the library.

Package is used in American English to mean:

- something packed in a box and sent by mail. This is called 'parcel' in British English.
- the paper, cardboard or plastic container in which food is packed to be sold.

Packet is used in British English to mean the paper, cardboard or plastic container in
which food is packed to be sold.
Package se usa en inglés americano para significar:
- algo empaquetado en una caja y enviado por correo. Esto se dice 'parcel' en inglés
británico.
- el contenedor de papel, cartón o plástico en el que se envasa la comida para ser
vendida.

Packet es usado en inglés británico para significar el contenedor de papel, cartón o

plástico en el que se envasa la comida para ser vendida.
 package
I have sent you a package with all the books. (parcel in British English)
I bought a package of cookies.
This package of meat is enough for two people.
 packet
This cereal packet is very expensive.
I bought a packet of biscuits.
This packet of meat is enough for two people.

Parking is uncountable. You can't say 'a parking'.

Car park refers to the area or building where vehicles can be left and it's used in
British English.
Parking lot has the same meaning but it's used in American English.
Parking es incontable. No puedes decir 'a parking'.
Car park se refiere al área o edificio donde se pueden dejar los vehículos y se utiliza
en inglés británico.
Parking lot tiene el mismo significado pero se utiliza en inglés americano.
 parking
Our hotel offers free parking.
Parking is available near the train station.
 car park
Our hotel has a car park for 100 vehicles.
A large car park is available near the train station.
 parking lot
Our hotel has a parking lot for 100 vehicles.
A large parking lot is available near the train station.

Passed is the past tense of the verb to pass.

Past is an adjective that means 'previous, that happened before'. As a noun, it means
'the time before the present'.
Passed es el tiempo pasado del verbo to pass.
Past es un adjetivo que significa 'previo, que sucedió antes'. Como sustantivo,
significa 'el tiempo anterior al presente'.
 passed
I can't believe how fast time has passed.
The car passed so fast that I didn't see it.
They passed the club on the way to work.
 past
You can practise with past exam papers to get an idea of the test.
During the past two weeks it has been raining all the time.
I guess she still lives in the past.

Place is a general word to talk about where something/somebody is.

Location is used in formal or business English to talk about where something is.
Position is used to talk about where something is in relation to other things.
Place es una palabra genérica para hablar de dónde se encuentra algo/alguien.
Location se usa en inglés formal o de negocios para hablar de dónde se encuentra
algo.
Position se usa para hablar de dónde se encuentra algo en relación a otras cosas.
 place
We live in a place called Sunny Club.
The place wall full of people.
The place where he works is near his house.
 location
The hotel is in a central location.
The GPS shows the location of moving objects.
The strategic location of this supermarket allows them to sell more than any other
shop.
 position
The hotel is in a central position near Main Square.
The position of the furniture in the room is important in feng shui.
The position of the telescope must be accurate.

Post and Position are formal words and they mean the same: a specific job in a
company or organization. They are used in job advertisements or when talking about
moving to a different job.
Post y Position son palabras formales y tienen el mismo significado: un trabajo
específico en una compañía u organización. Se utilizan en anuncios de trabajo o
cuando se habla sobre cambiar a un trabajo diferente.
 post
This post is exactly what you need for your career.
I applied for the post and had to attend an interview.
He was offered the post of ambassador to France.
 position
Sue took up her new position as General Manager in January.
She left the country for a teaching position in England.
We are sorry, but the position has already been filled.
Precede means "to happen before something".
Proceed means "to continue to do something". When it's followed by an adverb or
preposition, it means "to move in that direction".
Precede significa "ocurrir antes de algo".
Proceed significa "continuar haciendo algo". Cuando está seguido de un adverbio o
preposición, significa "moverse en esa dirección".
 precede
Dinner will be preceded by a speech from the manager.
Four bodyguards always precede the president.
A strong wind preceded the rain.
 procede
The president decided to proceed with his financial plan.
Before you proceed, we need to define our conditions.
Passengers going to New York should proceed to gate 12.

Priceless means extremely valuable, important or useful.

Worthless means with no value, importance or use.
Priceless significa extremadamente valioso, importante o útil.
Worthless significa sin valor, importancia o uso.
 priceless
The antiques shown in this museum are priceless.
His kindness is a priceless quality.
The information he gave me was priceless.
 worthless
That museum is full of worthless junk.
Her friends made her feel worthless.
The information he gave me was worthless.

Principal as an adjective means "the most important, main". As a noun, it means

"the person who is in charge of a school, university or organization".
Principle is a noun that means "a moral rule, or the basic idea on which a system is
based".
Principal como adjetivo significa "el más importante, fundamental". Como
sustantivo, significa "la persona que está a cargo de una escuela, universidad u
organización".
Principle es un sustantivo que significa "una regla moral, o la idea básica sobre la que
se basa un sistema".
 principal
The principal reason for visiting London was to see the Big Ben.
Ben is the principal character in the film.
Our school has only five teachers and the principal.
 principle
Schools teach children a set of principles.
The principles of French law were spread to other countries.
Today at school we have learnt Archimedes' principle.
Product means 'something that is produced to be sold'.
Produce means 'food that is grown or produced on a farm to be sold', like fruits or
vegetables.
Product significa 'algo que es producido para ser vendido'.
Produce significa 'comida que es cultivada o producida en una granja para ser
vendida', como frutas o verduras.
 product
The packaging of food products is crucial to attract customers.
The company presented their new product.
That factory only assembles the product.
 produce
This shop sells fresh produce.
They get dairy produce from a near farm.
She always goes to the market to get produce.

The most frequent explanation is that program is used in the USA andprogramme is
used in the UK. However, this is not totally correct.

In fact, in the UK both forms are used, whereas in the States only one is used
(program).

In the UK program is used when we talk about computer programs andprogramme is

used to refer to schedules, timetables and the like.
La explicación más frecuente es que program se usa en los Estados Unidos
y programme se usa en el Reino Unido. Sin embargo, no es del todo correcta.

En realidad, en el Reino Unido ambas formas son usadas, mientras que en los
Estados Unidos se usa sólamente una (program).

En el Reino Unido program se usa cuando se habla de programas de computación

y programme se usa para referirse a calendarios, horarios y similares.
 program
I have a good program on my computer.
I write computer programs for a living.
 programme
I am on a good training programme at work.
I have a strict programme of study.

Prophecy is a noun and it refers to a prediction. The -cy at the end is pronounced as
in see.
Prophesy is a verb and it refers to the action of making a prophecy. The -syat the end
is pronounced as in sigh.
Prophecy es un sustantivo y se refiere a una predicción. La terminación -cyse
pronuncia como en see.
Prophesy es un verbo y se refiere a la acción de hacer una profecía. La terminación -
sy se pronuncia como en sigh.
 prophecy
The medium made a prophecy that I will marry a rich woman.
 prophesy (prophesied, prophesied)
I prophesy that I will not marry a rich woman.

Proud is a general word to describe somebody who is pleased with himself, or with
what he has achieved.
Arrogant is a disapproving word to describe somebody who thinks he's better than
other people.
Conceited is a disapproving word to describe somebody who thinks he or his
achievements are better than they really are.
Proud es una palabra genérica para describir a alguien que está satisfecho con sí
mismo, o con lo que ha conseguido.
Arrogant es una palabra de reproche para describir a alguien que piensa que es
superior a otras personas.
Conceited es una palabra de reproche para describir a alguien que piensa que él o
sus logros son mejores de lo que realmente son.
 proud
His parents are proud of him.
She's proud of being in the team.
 arrogant
He's first in his class, but he's not arrogant about it.
She's too arrogant to learn from her own errors.
 conceited
I knew I was going to win, and I'm not being conceited.
That conceited singer didn't want to sign autographs to the people waiting outside.

Pupil is used in British English to refer to a child that goes to school.

Student is used in British English to refer to somebody who has finished school and
goes to university.
Student is used in American English to refer to somebody who goes to school or
university.
Pupil se usa en inglés británico para referirse a un niño que va a la escuela.
Student se usa en inglés británico para referirse a alguien que ha terminado la
escuela y va a la universidad.
Student se usa en inglés americano para referirse a alguien que va a la escuela o a la
universidad.
 pupil
This school has 150 pupils.
All pupils were sent home earlier yesterday.
Fifth-grade pupils will not have classes today.
 student
This university has 500 students.
He's a student at Oxford University.
Students are required to enroll before March 20th.
Quake means to shake because you are afraid or angry.
Quiver means to shake slightly because you are cold, afraid or angry.
When talking about the Earth or a building that shakes in a violent way, we
use quake.
Quake significa temblar porque tienes miedo o estás enojado.
Quiver significa temblar ligeramente porque tienes frío, miedo o estás enojado.
Al hablar sobre la Tierra o un edificio que se mueve en forma violenta, se usa quake.
 quake
Helen was quaking with anger when she heard the news.
The bomb exploded and all the houses in the area quaked.
Yesterday the earth quaked again in our village.
 quiver
Helen was quivering with anger when she heard the news.
Are you cold? You are quivering!
The child stood there quivering with fear.

Quarrel means to have an argument or an angry dispute.

Fight means to engage in a war or battle, or to hit somebody to obtain something.
Quarrel significa tener una discusión o una disputa con enojo.
Fight significa participar de una guerra o batalla, o golpear a alguien para conseguir
algo.
 quarrel
When he has to ask for permission, he always quarrels with his parents.
Will you please stop quarrelling and listen?
Oh, please, we are not going to quarrel about that.
 fight
Our army fought in that war for two years.
The rebel forces started fighting against the allied countries.
The boys were fighting with the girls.

Quite means fairly but not very. When used before an adjective or adverb that has
an intense or absolute meaning (like absurd, fantastic, right, wrong, impossible, etc)
it means completely.
Quiet is an adjective and it means not making noise or not saying much.
Quite significa bastante pero no mucho. Cuando se usa antes de un adjetivo o
adverbio que tiene un sentido intenso o absoluto (como absurd, fantastic, right,
wrong, impossible, etc) significa completamente.
Quiet es un adjetivo y significa que no hace ruido o no habla mucho.
 quite
The food in this restaurant is quite good.
I'm doing quite well at school.
I can't do that, it's quite impossible.
 quiet
Be quiet, the baby is sleeping!
The children are very quiet, what's going on?
He didn't know what to say, he just kept quiet.
Quiver means to shake slightly because you are cold, afraid or angry.
Quaver is only used for the voice, when it shakes as you speak because you are angry
or nervous.
Quiver significa temblar ligeramente porque tienes frío, miedo o estás enojado.
Quaver solamente se usa para la voz, cuando tiembla al hablar porque estás enojado
o nervioso.
 quiver
Helen was quivering with anger when she heard the news.
Are you cold? You are quivering!
The child stood there quivering with fear.
 quaver
Helen was so angry that her voice quavered.
'I'm sorry,' he said, in a quavering voice.
He spoke about the accident in a quavering voice.

Rain refers to the water that falls in small drops from clouds.
Rein refers to the band of leather fastened around a horse's head to control it. It's
also used in the expressions 'to give free/full rein to something' (=to allow an
emotion to be expressed freely), 'to keep a tight rein on something' (=to control
something strictly), 'to take over the reins' (=to take control).
Rain se refiere al agua que cae en prequeñas gotas de las nubes.
Rein se refiere a la tira de cuero ajustada alrededor de la cabeza de un caballo para
controlarlo. También se usa en las expresiones 'to give free/full rein to something'
(=permitir que una emoción se exprese libremente), 'to keep a tight rein on
something' (=controlar algo estrictamente), 'to take over the reins' (=tomar el
control).
 rain
The rain has stopped, let's go out!
I'm singing in the rain!
Rain is forecast for tomorrow.
 rein
The rein of that horse is quite old, they should change it.
She gave free rein to her imagination.
The boss keeps a tight rein on spending.

Raise is a regular verb (raise-raised-raised).

It's transitive (takes an object), raise something.
Rise is an irregular verb (rise-rose-risen).
It's intransitive (takes no object), something rises.
Raise es un verbo regular (raise-raised-raised).
Es transitivo (lleva un objeto), raise something.
Rise es un verbo irregular (rise-rose-risen).
Es intransitivo (no lleva objeto), something rises.
 raise (raised, raised)
He raised his hand to answer the question.
She raises her voice when she gets angry.
 rise (rose, risen)
The sun rises in the east.
Prices have risen lately.

Rarely and Seldom mean the same: not often.

Seldom is more formal or literary.
Rarely y Seldom significan lo mismo: raramente, no frecuentemente.
Seldom es más formal o literario.
 rarely
This method is rarely used nowadays.
He rarely complains.
They rarely go to the theatre.
 seldom
This method is seldom used nowadays.
The Duke was seldom seen in public.
It seldom rains in that country.

Realise means "to know a fact and understand it".

Recognise means "to accept that a fact or a problem exists".

In American English, these verbs are spelled Realize and Recognize.

Realise significa "enterarse de un hecho y comprenderlo".
Recognise significa "aceptar que un hecho o un problema existen".

En inglés americano, estos verbos se escriben Realize y Recognize.

 realise
I realised that the job was more difficult than I thought.
She realized that the boy was crying.
Sorry, I didn't realise you were here.
 recognise
I recognise that the job is more difficult than I thought.
The government recognized the need of a reform.
Sorry, I didn't recognise you in your uniform.

Remember means to 'have the memory of something', 'not forget something'.

Remind means 'make somebody remember something'.
Remember significa tener el recuerdo de algo, no olvidar algo.
Remind significa hacerle acordar a alguien de algo.
 remember
I don't remember you address.
Remember that you have an appointment with the doctor today.
I remember reading that book in school.
 remind
This place reminds me of home.
Remind me that I have an appointment with the doctor today.
That reminds me, I have to go to the bank.
 Related words and expressions
remembrance (n): object that makes you remember something, souvenir
reminder (n): note or object that prevents you from forgetting something

To rob a place or a person (of things)

To steal objects (from a place or person)
El verbo to rob va seguido de un lugar o una persona. Para nombrar el objeto robado
se agrega of + el objeto.
El verbo to steal va seguido del objeto robado. Para nombrar de dónde o a quién se
roba se agrega from + el lugar o la persona.
 rob (robbed, robbed)
They have robbed me.
They robbed the bank.
I was robbed of my cheque-book.
 steal (stole, stolen)
Someone has stolen my watch.
They stole plenty of money from us.
 Related words
robber: the person who robs
robbery: instance of robbing
thief: the person who steals
theft: instance of stealing

Roll refers to a piece of paper, film or bills rolled into the shape of a tube.

'To take the roll' means say the list of names in a class to check who is present.

Role refers to the way in which somebody/something is involved in a situation.

It is also the character played in a film or a play.
Roll se refiere a un trozo de papel, film o billetes enrollados en forma de tubo.
También es una pieza de pan o una lista de nombres.
'To take the roll' significa decir la lista de nombres en una clase para controlar quién
está presente.

Role se refiere a la forma en que alguien/algo está involucrado en una situación.

También es el personaje interpretado en una película u obra.
 roll
During the holidays I used up five rolls of film.
I need a new kitchen roll.
This wallpaper costs 10 dollars a roll.
I don't appear in the electoral roll yet.
 role
Our boss always plays an important role during our meetings.
His active role in education led him to found a private school.
For this year's performance he played the role of Abraham Lincoln.
Salary refers to the money that somebody is paid every month by an employer.
Wages refers to the money that somebody is paid every week by an employer.

You can also use expressions like 'annual salary' or 'daily wages'.
Salary se refiere al dinero que un empleador paga a alguien cada mes.
Wages se refiere al dinero que un empleador paga a alguien cada semana.

También puedes usar expresiones como 'annual salary' o 'daily wages'.

 salary
Some teachers have a good salary.
Salaries have been reduced since the economic crisis.
As the company manager, his annual salary is quite good.
 wages
That factory pays higher wages than any other.
Wages have been reduced since the economic crisis.
As a construction worker, his wages are quite good.

Search means to try to find something or somebody. Look for has the same meaning.
Seek means to try to achieve or get something. Sometimes it's used in written
language with the same meaning as 'search'.
Quest is a noun that means a long search for something that is difficult to find. It's
used specially in literature.
Search significa intentar encontrar algo o a alguien. Look for tiene el mismo
significado.
Seek significa intentar lograr u obtener algo. A veces se usa en el idioma escrito con
el mismo sentido de 'search'.
Quest es un sustantivo que significa una larga búsqueda de algo que esdifícil de
hallar. Se usa especialmente en literatura.
 search
You can search that on the internet.
The area of the accident was thoroughly searched.
I've been searching for my umbrella but I haven't found it.
 look for
If you're looking for a bargain, you should go out of town.
I'm looking for a new flat.
I've been looking for my umbrella but I haven't found it.
 seek (sought, sought)
The government is seeking to reduce the unemployment rate.
The president is seeking re-election.
There are many high-school graduates still seeking (=searching) employment.
 quest
World leaders are united in their quest for global peace.
Her quest for truth was deciding on the trial.
He went to Italy in quest of information about his ancestors.

Shadow refers to the dark shape made by something blocking the sun or a light.
Shade refers to the dark area where the direct light of the sun does not reach.
Shadow se refiere a la forma oscura que genera algo que bloquea el sol o la luz.
Shade se refiere a la zona oscura donde la luz directa del sol no llega.
 shadow
He looked at his own shadow on the wall.
The old trees cast a shadow across the road.
Half of the park was in shadow.
 shade
The temperature was 40ºC in the shade.
We sat under the shade of the old tree.
These plants need a lot of shade.

Shake is a general word that means that an object is making small sudden
movements.
Tremble is used when somebody shakes with small movements, because he/she is
angry, excited or afraid.
Shiver is used when somebody shakes with small movements, because he/she is cold
or frightened.
Shake es una palabra genérica que significa que un objeto hace pequeños
movimientos bruscos.
Tremble se usa cuando alguien tiembla con pequeños movimientos, porque está
enojado, entusiasmado o temeroso.
Shiver se usa cuando alguien tiembla con pequeños movimientos, porque tiene frío o
miedo.
 shake
Her body was shaking when she entered the court.
What's the matter? You are shaking!
During the earthquake the whole building shook.
 tremble
Her lips started to tremble and then she started to cry.
What's the matter? You are trembling!
Mary was so angry that she trembled with rage.
 shiver
We stood shivering in the cold air.
When she saw the dentist, she started to shiver.
It was so cold that the little boy was shivering under the bed sheets.

In British English, shop is used to refer to a place where you can buy things. Store is
used to refer to a very big place like a supermarket or department store.

In American English, store is used to refer to a place where you can buy
things. Shop is used to refer to a small place that sells only one type of goods.
En inglés británico, shop se usa para referirse a un lugar donde puedes comprar
cosas. Store se usa para referirse a un lugar muy grande como un supermercado o
tienda de departamentos.

En inglés americano, store se usa para referirse a un lugar donde puedes comprar
cosas. Shop se usa para referirse a un lugar pequeño que vende solamente una clase
de artículos.
 shop
There are many shops on this street. (British English)
I need to go to a card shop. (American English)
His brother is the owner of a shop in Cambridge.
 store
There are many stores on this street. (American English)
All stores stay open late at Christmas.
This article is only available in our London store.

Should and ought to have the same meaning.

They are used to give advice, or say what is the right thing to do.
Had better (or 'd better) has also the same meaning, but it's stronger.
Should y ought to tienen el mismo significado.
Se usan para dar consejos, o decir qué cosa es mejor hacer.
Had better (o 'd better) tiene el mismo significado, pero es más fuerte.
 should, ought to
You should (or ought to) call your friend to thank her.
You shouldn't (or oughtn't to) tell lies.
 had better
It's raining, you'd better take your umbrella.
I have a very important meeting at 8, I had better not be late!

Sit means to occupy a seat, to stay or to be in a particular position.

Set means to put something down or into a surface, to establish.
Sit significa ocupar un asiento, quedarse o estar en una posición en particular.
Set significa colocar algo sobre una superficie, establecer.
 sit (sat, sat)
We sat on the beach for hours.
He was sitting in a chair by the fire.
The Government House sits in a big square.
 set (set, set)
The waitress set the tray down on the table.
Parents should set an example.
He set the VCR to record his favourite show.

Sit down is used to say that somebody who has been standing up moves into a sitting
position.
Sit is used to mention where somebody sits down.
Sit down se utiliza para decir que alguien que está de pie pasa a estar sentado.
Sit se utiliza para mencionar dónde se sienta alguien.
 sit down
The students entered the classroom and sat down.
Everybody sat down to listen to the boss.
Please, sit down.
 sit
My mother sat next to me.
Where shall I sit?
Tom sat opposite his wife.

Slide means to move smoothly across a surface.

Slip means to accidentally slide and usually then fall down.
Skid means to slide in an uncontrolled way.
Slide significa moverse suavemente sobre una superficie.
Slip significa deslizarse accidentalmente y generalmente luego caerse.
Skid significa deslizarse de forma descontrolada.
 slide (slid, slid)
The kids slid across the ice.
Tears began to slide down her cheek.
 slip (slipped, slipped)
She slipped on the ice and fell down.
This surface is slippery, be careful not to slip.
 skid (skidded, skidded)
The car skidded as we turned onto the highway.
The bus skidded on the snow.

Speak is used when one person addresses a group, or to refer to a language.

Talk suggests that two or more people are having a conversation.
Sometimes they are used with similar meaning. There are also fixed expressions.
Say is used with words. Structure: say something to somebody.
Tell is used when giving information. Structure: tell somebody something.
Speak se usa cuando una persona se dirige a un grupo, o para referirse a un idioma.
Talk sugiere que dos o más personas tienen una conversación.
A veces ambos se usan con significado similar. También hay expresiones fijas.
Say se usa con palabras. Estructura: say something to somebody.
Tell se usa cuando se da información. Estructura: tell somebody something.
 speak (spoke, spoken)
He spoke to the class about the problem.
Can you speak Chinese?
I'd like to speak to Mr. Pitt, please.
 talk (talked, talked)
They talked for hours about the problem.
Can I talk to Mr. Pitt, please?
 say (said, said)
She said nothing all morning. (spoke no words)
As she entered, she said 'Hello' to me.
He said 'Goodbye' and went away.
 tell (told, told)
She told me nothing about herself. (gave me no information)
Can you tell me how to get to the bank?
 Phrases with 'tell'
You can tell...
 the truth
the time
a lie
a story
 Related words and expressions
speech: act of speaking or formal talk given to an audience
speaker: person who speaks
talk: conversation or informal speech
saying: well-known phrase
be on speaking terms with somebody: be on friendly or polite terms, be willing to
talk
actions speak louder than words: what a person actually does means more than
what he says he will do
the facts speak for themselves: the facts show the truth, without further
interpretation or explanation
speak/talk of the devil: said when somebody one has been talking about appears
talk one's head off: talk too much
say when: used to ask somebody to show when one should stop pouring a drink
not say boo to a goose: be too shy or too gentle
before you could say Jack Robinson: very quickly or suddenly
easier said than done: more difficult to do than to talk about. Eg. Getting a job is
easier said than done.
say no more: I understand what you mean

You spend money or time on something.

You waste money or time on something. Waste means to spend badly.
Tú gastas (spend) dinero o tiempo en algo.
Tú malgastas (waste) dinero o tiempo en algo. Waste significa malgastar.
 spend (spent, spent)
He has spent a lot of money on his car.
She spends her time reading.
 waste (wasted, wasted)
He has wasted a lot money on things like that.
She wastes her time playing silly games.

Stationary is an adjective that means "standing still, not moving".

Stationery is a noun than means the paper, pens or envelopes used for writing
letters.
Stationary es un adjetivo que significa "que está quieto, sin moverse".
Stationery es un sustantivo que significa el papel, las lapiceras o los sobres usados
para escribir cartas.
 stationary
Don't get off the train until it is stationary.
The truck crashed into a stationary vehicle.
He drove into a stationary bus.
 stationery
I bought some colorful stationery for the kids.
 We wrote a letter using the hotel stationery.
Our business needs some modern stationery.

Sweater = Pullover. They can be used interchangeably.

Jumper is also a synonym of sweater in British English. However, in American English
it refers to a dress without sleeves (called pinafore in British English).
Sweater = Pullover. Pueden usarse indistintamente.
Jumper es también un sinónimo de sweater en inglés británico. Sin embargo, en
inglés americano se refiere a un vestido sin mangas (llamado pinafore en inglés
británico).
 sweater
If it's cold, you should wear your sweater.
 pullover
If it's cold, you should wear your pullover.
 jumper
She always wears a jumper over her blouse.

Teacher is somebody who teaches in a school.

Professor is somebody who teaches in a university or college.
Lecturer is somebody who isn't a professor and teaches in a university.
Teacher es alguien que enseña en una escuela.
Professor es alguien que enseña en una universidad o colegio universitario.
Lecturer es slguien que no es un profesor y enseña en una universidad.
 teacher
The new teacher is very kind.
The children love the new teacher.
 professor
The professor of economics always has an explanation for everything.
Who's your history professor?
 lecturer
Mary works as a lecturer in ancient history.
A lecturer came to our class yesterday.

Terrible refers to something that makes you feel afraid or shocked, or something
that is extremely bad.
Terrific refers to something that makes you feel happy and that is verygood.
Terrible se refiere a algo que te hace sentir asustado u horrorizado, o algo que es
extremadamente malo.
Terrific se refiere a algo que te hace sentir feliz y que es muy bueno.
 terrible
Thomas has been injured in a terrible accident.
I can't remember his name; I have a terrible memory.
Last night there was a terrible storm.
 terrific
Your birthday party was terrific!
Wow, that's a terrific idea!
Julia Roberts was terrific in that movie.
Than is a conjunction used when comparing two things, people or situations.
Then is an adverb used to say what happens next or at a particular time. It's also
used when saying what the result of a situation will be.
Than es una conjunción usada al comparar dos cosas, personas o situaciones.
Then es un adverbio usado para decir lo que sucede a continuación o en un
momento determinado. También se usa al decir cuál será el resultado de una
situación.
 than
This car is more expensive than mine.
Anne is younger than Paul.
Learning languages is more common than it was some years ago.
 then
Mix all the ingredients, then add the eggs.
I went to Germany in 1980. It was still divided in two then.
If you don't eat all your food, then you will not play with the computer.

Thin is a general word to refer to somebody with little fat on his body. It's
usually disapproving.
Skinny means very thin in an unattractive way.
Slim means thin in an attractive way.
skimmed
to take up or remove (floating matter) from the surface of a liquid, aswith a spoon or la
dle
Thin es una palabra genérica para referirse a alguien con poca grasa en su cuerpo.
Normalmente es de desaprobación.
Skinny significa muy flaco en una forma poco atractiva.
Slim significa delgado en una forma atractiva.
skimmed desnatada
 thin
She's too thin; she should eat more.
He's tall and thin, with long brown hair.
 skinny
She's very skinny; she should eat more.
Some models are too skinny.
 slim
She has a lovely slim body.
His girlfriend is a slim young woman.
 skimmed
 She always takes skimmed milk

The basic meaning is the same: 'in the direction of.'

Toward is used mostly in American English.
Towards is used mostly in British English.
El significado básico es el mismo: 'en dirección a.'
Toward se usa mayormente en inglés americano.
Towards se usa mayormente en inglés británico.
 toward/s
As soon as she saw me, she came running toward/s me.
She turned her back toward/s the sun.
They kept walking toward/s the river.
The couple stayed there, looking out toward/s the sea.

Travel is used to mean the general activity of moving from one place to another.
Journey refers to travelling a long distance, or travelling regularly, emphasizing on
the idea of travelling itself.
Trip refers to travelling a short distance, or an unusual journey, emphasizing on the
place or the reason of travelling.
Travel se usa para referirse a la actividad general de moverse de un lugar a otro.
Journey se refiere a viajar una distancia larga, o viajar con frecuencia, enfatizando la
idea del viaje en sí mismo.
Trip se refiere a viajar una distancia corta, o un viaje inusual, enfatizando el lugar o la
razón del viaje.
 travel
Air travel is faster than rail travel.
His job involves a lot of travelling.
 journey
We had a long journey through the mountains.
He usually reads the paper during the train journey to work.
 trip
His job involves a lot of business trips.
Our trip to Las Vegas was great.

Under is used to say that something is at a lower level than something else, or
covered by it. It's a preposition.
Underneath means the same, but it's used when something is hidden or covered by
something else. It can be a preposition or an adverb.
Under se usa para decir que algo se encuentra en un nivel más bajo que otra cosa, o
que está cubierto por esa cosa. Es una preposición.
Underneath significa lo mismo, pero se usa cuando algo está escondido o cubierto
por otra cosa. Puede ser una preposición o un adverbio.
 under
He carried a magazine under his arm.
She was wearing a sweater under her coat.
The cat is under the table.
 underneath
Her hair was hidden underneath a large hat.
The railway goes underneath the road.
We found a box underneath the floorboards.

Unreadable refers to a text that is difficult to read because it's too boring,
complicated or badly written (in style).
Illegible refers to a text that is difficult or impossible to read because of the quality of
the script or handwriting.
Unreadable se refiere a un texto que es difícil de leer porque es demasiado aburrido,
complicado o está mal escrito (en cuanto a estilo).
Illegible se refiere a un texto que es difícil o imposible de leer por la calidad de la
caligrafía o letra.
 unreadable
This report into government spending for the next year is too turgid to read. It's
unreadable!
 illegible
My grandmother is in her eighties now, and her handwriting has become illegible.
We just can't read her letters anymore.

Vain is an adjective that means too proud of his/her good looks. The expression in
vain means without positive results.
Vane is a noun. It refers to a blade that is moved by wind or water to produce power.
Vein is a noun. It refers to one of the tubes that carry blood to the heart.
Vain es un adjetivo que significa demasiado orgulloso de su belleza. La expresión in
vain significa sin resultados positivos.
Vane es un sustantivo. Se refiere a una paleta movida por el viento o el agua para
producir energía.
Vein es un sustantivo. Se refiere a uno de los tubos que transportan sangre al
corazón.
 vain
She's so vain that nobody want to be with her.
Police searched in vain for the burglar.
 vane
This machine is powered by a vane.
If there is no wind, the vane will not move.
 vein
When they kissed, she felt the blood racing through her veins.
His arms are so thin that you can see his veins.

Wait means to stay or not do something until something else comes or happens. It's
never followed by a noun, you must use the preposition for + noun.
Await has the same meaning but it's used in formal English. It may be followed by a
noun.
Wait significa quedarse o no hacer algo hasta que otra cosa venga o suceda. Nunca
va seguido de un sustantivo, debes usar la preposición for + sustantivo.
Await tiene el mismo significado pero se usa en inglés formal. Puede estar seguido
de un sustantivo.
 wait
What are you waiting for?
I'm waiting for the bus.
Sheila always waits for her parents before having dinner.
 await
The suspects are awaiting trial for robbery.
The employees are awaiting instructions.
A surprise awaited her at home.
Although they are translated the same way in Spanish, these verbs have different
meanings:

Wait means that you do something until something else happens.

Expect means that you think that something will happen.
Hope means that you want something to happen.
Aunque se traducen igual en español, estos verbos tienen diferentes significados:

Wait significa que haces algo hasta que otra cosa suceda.
Expect significa que piensas que algo ocurrirá.
Hope significa que deseas que algo ocurra.
 wait
I'm waiting for the bus.
Wait for me!
I will wait until she comes back.
 expect
I expect to arrive in a week (you think you will).
We didn't expect her to stay so long.
They expect to finish the work next month.
 hope
I hope to arrive in a week (you are not certain but you want to).
I hope everything goes well.
I hope you come.

Wedding refers just to the marriage ceremony held in church or in a registry office.
Marriage refers to the state of being married or the relationship between two people
who are married.
Wedding se refiere solamente a la ceremonia de casamiento celebrada en una iglesia
o en una oficina de registro civil.
Marriage se refiere al estado de estar casado o a la relación entre dos personas que
están casadas.
 wedding
Please come to our wedding!
When is your wedding?
We are having our wedding next year.
 marriage
They have a very happy marriage.
She has a daughter from a previous marriage.
Their marriage ended in divorce.

Well is an adverb.
Good is an adjective. It must be followed by a noun.

However, with verbs related to senses (appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem)
we used good and not well.
Well es un adverbio.
Good es un adjetivo. Debe estar seguido de un sustantivo.

Sin embargo, con verbos relacionados con los sentidos (appear, look, sound, smell,
taste, feel, seem) se usa good y no well.
 well
You speak English well!
She always dresses well.
Did you sleep well?
 good
You speak good English!
Your idea sounds good.
This cheese doesn't smell good.

We ask What...? when there are a lot of possible different answers. Example: What
sport do you play? (There are many sports.)
We ask Which...? when the answers are quite limited. Example: Which way should I
turn? (You can turn right or left only.)

If we include the possible answers as part of the question, then we useWhich.

Example: Which restaurant did you go to last night? 'The Hot Potatoe' or 'Pine'?
(There may be many restaurants but in the question we are giving only two choices.)

If we don't include the options, the answer may be any restaurant, and that's why it
should begin with What. Example: What restaurant did you go to last night?
Preguntamos What...? cuando hay muchas respuestas diferentes posibles. Ejemplo:
What sport do you play? (Existen muchos deportes.)
Preguntamos Which...? cuando las respuestas son bastante limitadas. Ejemplo:
Which way should I turn? (Puedes doblar a la derecha o la izquierda solamente.)

Si incluimos las respuestas posibles como parte de la pregunta, entonces

usamos Which. Ejemplo: Which restaurant did you go to last night? 'The Hot Potatoe'
or 'Pine'? (Puede haber muchos restaurantes pero en la pregunta estamos dando
sólo dos opciones.)

Si no incluímos las opciones, la respuesta podría ser cualquier restaurante, y por eso
debe comenzar con What. Ejemplo: What restaurant did you go to last night?
 what
What sport do you play? (There are many answers.)
What's your name? (There are many answers.)
 which
Which way should I turn? (You can turn right or left.)
Which sport do you prefer, football or tennis?
(The possible answers are part of the question.)

In relative clauses:
Who is used in speech and informal texts.
Whom is only used in formal texts or when the relative clause begins with a
preposition.
En proposiciones relativas:
Who se usa al hablar y en textos informales.
Whom se usa solamente en textos formales o cuando la proposición relativa
comienza con una preposición.
 who
He telephoned the girl who was at the party.
He telephoned the girl who he had talked to at the party.
 whom
He telephoned the girl to whom he had talked at the party.
He telephoned the girl whom he had talked to at the party

Wonder means "to try to guess something or what will happen".

Wander means "to walk slowly without a clear direction".
Wonder significa "intentar adivinar algo o lo que sucederá".
Wander significa "caminar lentamente sin una dirección clara".
 wonder
I wonder how Michael is getting on.
What is my girlfriend doing now, I wonder?
I wonder if he'll recognize me after all these years.
 wander
He wandered around the shopping center for an hour.
The boy was found wandering the streets of Los Angeles.
She wandered around the beach and finally sat down near the sea.