PETE 2032 Name______________________________________

Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________

5/1/2007

All work must be shown.

All writing must be legible, if I can’t read it, it is wrong.
All work must be contained on the pages of the exam and the attached calculation sheets.
No open books, no additional notes (except the 3”x5” card); keep your eyes on your own papers.

Write your name on the exam, use the last four digits of your
student number and sign each page.

“Always do right. This will gratify some people and astonish the rest. “
Mark Twain (1835 - 1910)
US humorist, novelist, short story author, & wit

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

1. (15%)Your company has made a recent acquisition of a producing well. The main reservoir in the
well has a reservoir temperature of 160oF, tank oil gravity of 38oAPI and a producing gas-oil-ratio of
1500 scf/STB. The apparent Molecular Weight of the gas is 23.2 and the reservoir pressure is 3000
psia.
a. Is the oil in the reservoir saturated? If so, explain why; if not explain why.

23.2
γg = = 0.8 Using 1500 scf/STB on chart on Page 13, Pb = 4200 psi
29

Oil must be saturated since reservoir pressure is 3000 psi. If solution GOR were 1500 scf/STB, the
oil would be saturated at the bubble point and the reservoir pressure would be 4200 psi.

Or

Since Rs = 880 scf/STB for a saturated oil at 3000 psia, a GOR greater than this indicates free gas in
the reservoir, therefore saturated (GOR is 1500 scf/STB)

b. When the reservoir pressure drops to 2000 psia, what would you estimate the solution gas-oil-
ratio (Rs) to be?

From chart on Page 12, Rs = 650 scf/STB

c. At the reservoir conditions in 1 (b), what would be the total formation volume factor (Bt)?

From chart on Page 14, Bt = 2 RVB/STB

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

2. (15%)Circle the correct answers for an ideal solution.

a. True/False. No special force of attraction between components.

b. True/False. Change in internal energy on mixing.

c. True/False. No change in character of liquids on mixing (only dilution)

d. True/False. No heat effect.

e. True/False. Heavy liquids shrink and light liquids expand.

3. (15%)Calculate the bubble-point and the dew point pressures at a temperature of 150oF for the
mixture shown below. Assume ideal-solution behavior.

Composition of mixture Vapor Pressure

Component Mole fraction At 150oF zipv z/pv

Zj Pvj

C3 0.65 350 227.5 0.001539

n-C4 0.25 105 26.25 0.00238

n-C5 0.10 37 3.7 0.00270

Pb = Σzipv = 257.45 psi

Pd = 1/(Σ(zi/pv) = 1/.00662 = 151.06 psi

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

4. (15%)A mixture with the composition shown below is at 200 psia and 150oF. Assume a mixture of a
real solution. Is the mixture in two phases? Explain you answer.

Composition

Of Mixture
Component K zK z/K
Mole fracton

Zj

C3 0.610 1.5 0.915 0.4066

n-C4 0.280 0.6 .168 0.4667

n-C5 0.110 0.26 .0286 0.423

1.000 1.1113 1.296

Both are greater than 1, therefore two phases.

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

5. (25%)The gas-liquid equilibria calculations for a two-stage separation of a black oil have been
completed. Results are given below.

Composition Composition
Separator stock-tank
Mole Fraction Mole Fraction
o o
@150 psig & 120 F @0 psig & 80 F
ng 0.34612 xj yj ng 0.14624 xj yj
Component feed K-fact Eq 12-17 Kjxj feed K-fact Eq 12-17 Kjxj
CO2 0.02960 8.87 0.00795 0.07051 0.00795 77.500 0.00065 0.05055
N2 0.00099 47.42 0.00006 0.00274 0.00006 600.000 0.00000 0.00039
C 0.23155 18.81 0.03232 0.60794 0.03232 184.800 0.00116 0.21424
C2 0.08365 4.18 0.03982 0.16646 0.03982 32.500 0.00710 0.23084
C3 0.07707 1.41 0.06750 0.09517 0.06750 9.060 0.03098 0.28068
iC4 0.01612 0.639 0.01842 0.01177 0.01842 3.320 0.01375 0.04566
nC4 0.04692 0.489 0.05701 0.02788 0.05701 2.410 0.04726 0.11390
iC5 0.01875 0.215 0.02574 0.00553 0.02574 0.941 0.02597 0.02443
nC5 0.02598 0.241 0.03524 0.00849 0.03524 0.759 0.03653 0.02773
C6 0.02719 0.0637 0.04023 0.00256 0.04023 0.211 0.04547 0.00959
C7+ 0.44217 0.0014 0.67572 0.00095 0.67572 0.003 0.79112 0.00199
1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000

The heptanes plus of the well stream has molecular weight of 215 lb/lb-mole and specific gravity of
o
0.850. The bubble-point pressure of the reservoir liquid is 1748 psig at 250 F.

Calculate: (The tables on the following page may be of some use)

a. Separator gas-oil ratio, scf/STB

WC2 + WN 2
W2 =
W1 =
WC1 Wmix − WC1 − WCO2
Wmix 2.51549 + .027641
W2 = x100%
W1 =
3.714814
x100% = 3.22% 115.26 − 3.714814 − 1.302785
115.26 W 2 = 2.31%
Fig .11 − 6.
ρ po
ρ C 3+ = 0.95

ρpo = .95*50.344 47.8557

Rsp =
2138n g1 ρ STO
=
(2138)(0.34612)(47.86) = 350.7
nl1 nl 2 M STO (0.6439)(0.8538)(183.692)

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

b. Stock-tank gas-oil ratio, scf/STB

RST =
2138n g 2 ρ STO
=
(2138)(0.14624)(47.86) = 95.41
nl 2 M STO (0.8538)(183.692)

c. Total gas-oil ratio, Rsb, scf/STB

R = RSP + RST = 350.7 + 95.41 = 446.11

d. Specific gravity of separator gas

25.8738
γ gsp = = 0.892
29

e. Specific gravity of stock-tank gas

39.5282
γ gST = = 1.355
29

f. Gravity of stock-tank oil, oAPI

47.86
γo = = 0.767
62.4
141.5
API = − 131.5 = 53.0
0.767

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

MW feed weight liq ρ liq vol

CO2 44.010 0.02960 1.302785
N2 28.013 0.00099 0.027641
C 16.043 0.23155 3.714814
C2 30.070 0.08365 2.515449
C3 44.097 0.07707 3.398771 31.62 0.107488
iC4 58.123 0.01612 0.936748 35.12 0.026673
nC4 58.123 0.04692 2.727403 36.42 0.074888
iC5 72.150 0.01875 1.352664 38.96 0.034719
nC5 72.150 0.02598 1.874745 39.36 0.047631
C6 86.177 0.02719 2.343153 41.40 0.056598
C7+ 215.000 0.44217 95.06578 53.11 1.789979
1.00000 115.26 2.137975

Stk-Tnk weight
MW xj xjMj liq ρ liq vol
CO2 44.010 0.00065 0.0287
N2 28.013 0.00000 0.0000
C 16.043 0.00116 0.0186
C2 30.070 0.00710 0.2136
C3 44.097 0.03098 1.3661 31.62 0.043205
iC4 58.123 0.01375 0.7993 35.12 0.02276
nC4 58.123 0.04726 2.7470 36.42 0.075426
iC5 72.150 0.02597 1.8735 38.96 0.048087
nC5 72.150 0.03653 2.6356 39.36 0.066962
C6 86.177 0.04547 3.9187 41.4 0.094655
C7+ 215.000 0.79112 170.0912 53.11 3.202622
1.00000 183.6924 3.553716

Gas
MW Separator Mxj stk-tnk Mxj
CO2 44.010 0.07051 3.10306 0.05055 2.224637
N2 28.013 0.00274 0.07680 0.00039 0.010968
C 16.043 0.60794 9.75318 0.21424 3.437032
C2 30.070 0.16646 5.00536 0.23084 6.941388
C3 44.097 0.09517 4.19671 0.28068 12.37719
iC4 58.123 0.01177 0.68405 0.04566 2.653734
nC4 58.123 0.02788 1.62027 0.11390 6.620302
iC5 72.150 0.00553 0.39932 0.02443 1.762931
nC5 72.150 0.00849 0.61280 0.02773 2.000438
C6 86.177 0.00256 0.22082 0.00959 0.826852
C7+ 215.000 0.00095 0.20339 0.00199 0.426929
1.00000 25.87578 1.00000 39.28241

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

6. (15%)Water is being produced from a black oil reservoir. The reservoir is 8421 feet subsea.
Initial conditions are 165oF and 3916 psig. The black oil has a bubble-point pressure of 3161
psig at 165oF. The reservoir produces 44.7oAPI stock-tank oil and 0.847 specific gravity gas
at 1345 scf/STB. The composition of the produced water is given as follows.

Ion mg/l Atomic Wt. Valence meq/l

Sodium 24,939 22.99 + 1084.8
Calcium 1,997 40.08 ++ 99.7
Magnesium 393 24.31 ++ 32.3
Iron 311 55.85 ++ 11.1
Barium 0 137.33 ++ 0.0
Chloride 43,278 35.45 - 1220.8
Bicarbonate 54 61.01 - 0.9
Sulfate 296 96.06 = 6.2
Carbonate 0 60.01 = 0.0

a. What is the bubble point pressure of the water?

Pb = 3161 psig or 3175.7 psia

b. Construct a Stiff diagram on the following page. (show any necessary calculations)

Cations Anions
1000 0 1000
Na Cl
Ca HCO3
100
Mg SO4
100
Fe CO3
100

Examples:

Sodium: Eq. Wt. = 22.99/1 = 22.99 mg/meq

24,939 mg/liter/22.99 mg/meq = 1,084.8 meq/l

Calcium: Eq. Wt = 40.08 g/g mole/2 eq wt/g mole = 20.04 mg/meq

1997mg/l/20.04 mg/meq = 99.6 meq/l

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

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PETE 2032 Name______________________________________
Third Hour Exam Last Four Digits Student ID____________________
5/1/2007

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