NOTATIONS

Numerical coefficients, distances

Crow-sectional area
Distance from neutral axis to extreme fiber of beam
Torsional rigidity (C = G J )
Warping rigidity (CI = EC.)
Warping constant
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Flexural rigidity of plate or shell [D = Eha/l2 (1 vt)l
Eccentricity, distance from centroid to shear center
Modulus of elasticity, reduced modulus, tangent modulus
Stress function
Acceleration of gravity
Modulus of elasticity in shear
Thickness of plate or shell, height, distance
Polar moments of inertia of a plane area with respect to centroid and
shear center
Moments of inertia of a plane area with respect to z,y, and 2 axes
Product of inertia of a plane area with respect to z and y axes
Torsion constant
-
Axial load factor f6r beam-eolumns (k* P I E I ) , modu1us of elastic
foundation, numerical factor
Length, span
Reduced length
Integers, numerical factors
Intensity of torque per unit distance along 2 axis
Bending moment, couple
Twisting couple or torque
Bending and twisting moments per unit distance in plate or shell
Factor of safety
Shearing force in beam, normal force
Normal and shearing forces per unit distance in middle surface of
plate or shell
Intensity of distributed load, pressure
Concentrated force, axial force in beam-column
Critical buckling load
Shearing force in beam, concentrated force
Shearing forces per unit distance in plate or shell
Radius of gyration, radius of curvature of shell, radius
Rsdius, reactive force
Core radius (a = Z / A ) , distance
Axial force
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xvi NOTATIONS
Thickness, time, temperature
Work, tensile force
Axial load factor for beam-columns (u = k1/2)
Displacements in z, y, and z directions
Strain energy
Displacements in tangential and radial directions
Shearing force in beam
Warping displacement in beam
Rectangular coordinates
Section modulus (Z = Z/c)

Angles, numerical factors, ratios, spring constants, coefficients of end

restraint
Shearing unit strain, weight per unit volume, spring constant,
numerical factor
Deflection
Unit normal strain, coefficient of thermal expansion
Unit normal strains in z,y, and z directions
Amplification factors for beam-columns
Angle, angular coordinate, angle of twist per unit length
Distance, numerical factor
Poisson's ratio
Rectangular coordinates
Radius of curvature
Unit normal stress
Unit normal stresses in z,y, and z directions
Average compressive unit stress for columns
Compressive unit stress a t critical load
Unit stress a t ultimate load
Working unit stress
Yield-point stress
Unit shear streas
Unit shear stresses on planes perpendicular to the z,y, and z axes and
parallel to the y, z, and z axes
Angle, angular coordinate, angle of twist of bar
Change of cunrature in shell
Radian frequency of vibration
Warping function