Is'K SMPRDWVW: Bhup'Ki Xogdwn

_____________________________________________________________ is`K sMpRdwvW: bhup`KI Xogdwn
is`K sMpRdwvW: bhup`KI Xogdwn
ivSv DrmW dy AiDAYn dOrwn ieh g`l sihj hI idRStIgocr ho jWdI hY

ik v`K-v`K DrmW dy ivkws iv`c aunHW iv`c pYdw hoeIAW sMpRdwvW dw ivSy S
Xogdwn irhw hY[ ieslwm iv`c 12 sU&I islisly pYdw hoey[ ienHW sU&I sMqW ny
pihlW kurwn dI AnuBUqI swDnwvW rwhIN hwisl kIqI Aqy ies AnuBv dw
pRcwr pRdysW iv`c kIqw[ iPr ieh Arb qoN bwhrly mhwdIpW iv`c ie`k Drm
vjoN sQwipq ho igAw[ iesy qrHW eIsweI Drm iv`c kYQoilk qy pRotYstYNt do
sMpRdwvW ny eIsw jI dy bcnW dw pRcwr kIqw, ijs qihq eIsweI Drm dunIAW
dy v`fy DrmW iv`c Swiml ho igAw[ ienHW qoN ielwvw bu`D, jYn, ihMdU Awid DrmW
iv`c vI bhuq swrIAW sMpRdwvW ny jnm ilAw Aqy sMbMiDq Drm dy ivsQwr
ih`q AnykW hI SlwGwXog kMm kIqy[ Bwv ik DrmW iv`c pYdw hoeIAW sMpRdwvW
duAwrw inBweIAW geIAw iviBMn BUimkwvW dw Awpxw ivSyS sQwn hY ijs
qihq ies AiDAwie iv`c AsIN is`K pMQ iv`clIAW sMpRdwvW audwsI, ihMdwlIey,
mIxy, Bgq BgvwnIey, syvw pMQI, inrmly, gihr gMBIrIey Awid dy bhup`KI
Xogdwn dw AiDAYn kIqw igAw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw audwsIAW dIAW aup
SwKwvW suQrySwhI Aqy jIqm`lIey Awid dy Xogdwn dw AiDAYn vI kIqw igAw
hY[ ienHW dy kwrj nUM v`Kry qOr qy ivcwrn dI bjwie audwsI sMpRdwie dy nwl
hI AiDAYn dw ivSw bxwieAw igAw hY[
5.1 audwsI sMpRdwie dw Xogdwn
audwsI sMpRdwie is`K pMQ iv`c pYdw hoeI pihlI sMpRdwie hY[ ies
sMpRdwie dy moFI bwbw sRI cMd jI ny is`K Drm dy ivkws iv`c Aihm BUimkw
inBweI, aunHW qoN bwAd bwbw gurid`qw jI Aqy iPr cwr DUxy qy Cy bKiSSW rwhIN
ies sMpRdwie ny is`K Drm ƒ dUr dUr q`k PYlwieAw[ ieh audwsI swDU ivrkq
226
rihMdy sn Aqy ienHW ny Gr bwr iqAwg gurbwxI ƒ pRcwrn ih`q pUry Bwrq
iv`c Awpxy kyNdr sQwipq kIqy[ ieh swDU ij`Qy vI gey ienHW ny mUl -mMqR dI
dIiKAw dy ky sMgqW ƒ is`K Drm nwl joiVAw[
gurU kwl iv`c qW aunHW ny dyS dy hr ih`sy iv`c QW–QW DrmswlW sQwipq
kIqIAW sn[ ATwrHvIN sdI dy ibKVy smyN iv`c audwsI swDUAW dIAW GwlW
Adu`qI sn[ ieh auh smW sI jdoN muZl hkUmq ny is`KW dw nW inSwn imtwaux
dI sONh KwDI hoeI sI[ isMG ipMf W SihrW ƒ C`f jMglW ƒ qur gey[ ies
iBAwnk smyN Dwrimk sQwnW dI swr lYx vwly isrP audwsI swDU hI sn[
suirMdr isMG kohlI Anuswr: audwsI sMqW ny ienHW dI dyK–Bwl Aqy syvw pUrI
qrHW Awpxy h`QW iv`c lY leI Aqy qrHW-qrHW dy du`K shwr ky is`K rhu-rIq ƒ
kwiem rìKAw Aqy is`KI dw pRcwr kIqw, ies vyly dw ienHW mhwqmwvW dw dyxw
kOx dy skdw hY?‛1
ies AiDAwie dw mUl pRXojn audwsI sMpRdwie dy is` K pMQ iv`c pwey
smu`cy Xogdwn Aqy ausdy pRcwr pRswr leI kIqy mu`Fly XqnW ƒ smwijk,
swihqk Aqy Dwrimk pRsMg iv`c ivcwrnw hY[ iehnW pRsMgW iv`c hI audwsI
sMpRdwie Awpxy srUp Aqy pRikrqI ƒ inKwrdw hY[ audwsI sMpRdwie AwpxI
Gwlxw rwhIN pMjwb iv`c hI nhIN sgoN smu`cy Bwrq iv`c AwpxI kwrj-ivDI
rwhIN is`K pMQ dI syvw iv`c rhI hY[ ies kwrj ivDI rwhIN hI auhnW ny
swihqk, smwijk Aqy Dwrimk AwdrSW ƒ AOKy smyN iv`c pwilAw Aqy bcw ky
rìKAw[ audwsI sMpRdwie dy is`K pMQ iv`c pwey Xogdwn dw vrgIkrx iqMn
BwgW iv`c kIqw jw skdw hY:
1. audwsI sMpRdwie dw Dwrimk pRcwr Aqy pRswr iv`c Xogdwn
2. audwsI sMpRdwie dw swihqk Xogdwn
1
gurdyv isMG (sMpw.), audwsI sMpRdwie Aqy is`K pMQ, pMnw 62.
227
3. audwsI sMpRdwie dw smwijk Kyqr iv`c Xogdwn

5.1.1 audwsI sMpRdwie dw Dwrimk pRcwr iv`c Xogdwn
audwsI sMqW ny pMjwb Aqy bwhrly pRwqW dy is`K ieiqhwsk sQwnW q`k
phuMc kIqI Aqy ienHW sQwnW dI syvw–sMBwl krnI SurU kr id`qI[ audwsI sMq W
dI bdOlq pUry Bwrq iv`c nwnk nwm lyvw sMgqW kwiem ho geIAW[ rxDIr
isMG audwsI is`KW dI iviQAw pusqk iv`c dsnwmI swDUAW duAwrw sQwipq
sQwnW dI sUcI ies pRkwr idMdy hn:
1. bwbw Almsq dy DUxy dI syvw
bMgwl : Fwky iv`c sMgq kwiem kIqI Aqy Drmswlw
bxvweI, ibhwr–auVIsw gXw Aqy ptny ivKy,
au~qr pRdyS: pRXwg, kwSI, lKnaU, pYpsU:
lOgyvwl, idVbw ipMf, nwBw Sihr iv`c[
pUrbI pMjwb : hyhrW (ijlHw luiDAwxw), AMimRqsr gMfI ivMf
lihMdw pMjwb mulqwn Sihr, miGAwxw (ijlHw JMg)
isMD dyS : glw nvW, rohVI, KYr pur, lwKw lKI Sihr
iSkwrpur, im`Tw dr kotVI iv`c[
Bloicsqwn : jYkwbw bwd, FwFr Sihr
2. bwlU hsnw
pYpsU : kot P`qw, P`qy dw kot, DnOlw, nONgyvwl, jMfvwlw
toBw, KloVw iKAwlI dw, BUdn[
pUrbI pMjwb : gujrvwl (ijlHw luiDAwxw), BroAwl, jsovwl
iv`c bhlw, DWdr, rwiepur, sohI DUV kot,
kOxI, krqwrpur (duAwbw) krqwrpur (rwvI)[
AMimRqsr : ictw AKwVw, Drmswlw bwbw kwSI rwm,
228
Drmswlw sMglWvwlw, Drmswlw mweI mwno,

Drmswl cyqndws[
lihMdw pMjwb : c`k nM: 16 (ijlHw imMtgumrI)

isMD dyS : iSkwrpur, hYdrwbwd, mIrpur bnoro, Kwnpur,
KwhI ghU, ihlwxI

itMfw AlwXwr : krnwl gMj, ismlI, mlIAw mhWdyv iv`c
ibhwr auVIsw: jgnnwQ purI iv`c[
3. bwbw goibMd swihb dy DUxy

iPlOr, kbor vCy (ijlHw iProzpur), smwlsr (qihsIl mogw), kuly
ielwkw DnOlw (pYpsU), FMfolI qihsIl BvwnIgVH (pYpsU), swbo kI qlvMfI
(dmdmw swihb)
4. bwbw PUl swihb dy DUxy
bhwdrpur (huiSAwrpur), cIplI (ijlHw bullwxw, bWgr dys), kMBr kMfI

(isMD dys), kMbrW (ijlHw lwVkwxw, isMD), AMimRqsr Sihr Drmswlw muqihr
Swh[
iesy pRkwr Cy bîSsW vwly audwsI sMqW duAwrw vI dyS ivdyS iv`c
Dwrimk kyNdr sQwipq kIqy gey[
1. Bgq Bgvwn jI dI bKiSS

pYpsU: slwxw ipMf (Amolh lwgy), l`fw ipMf, (DUrI stySn qoN cwr ku
mIl d`Kx–p`Cm vl, l`fw vfw ipMf (lVw b`dI ipMf, mlyr kotly nyVy), duMnw
kot, bnUV[
lihMdw pMjwb : s`Xd vwlw (ijlHw SyKUpurw), AlIpur (ijlH w
muz`PrgVH)
229
isMD : iSkwrpur, gVI XwsIs (ijlHw sKr), bMglo Fyro,

r`qw dyg, lVkwxw, grylw, mwVI jlbwky
mwJWdw, hYdrwbwd Sihr, snky Sihr (ijlHw
krwcI), lkI ipMf[
au~qr pRdyS : hirduAwr, sjImwbwd, bWs brylI, lKnaU,
AjuiDAw, kwSI, rsVw ipMf (ijlHw blIAw)[
ibhwr : cqrw (ijlHw hzwrI bwg), dwaUd ngr (gXw),
ptnw Sihr Awid[
2. suQrw SwhI bKiSS
pUrbI pMjwb : bihrwmpur, vtwlw, snwvrI, AMimRqsr nUr

mihl[
isMD : grylo (ijlHw lVkwxw)[
lihMdw pMjwb : lwhOr Sihr[
jOnpur : jOnpur Sihr[
irAwsq
APgwinsqwn : kMDwr Sihr[
3. sMgq swihb dI bKiSS dI syvw
BweI PyrU, sMgq swihb dI mu`K sMprdwie dIAW keI hor SwKwvW pRis`D
hoeIAW ijnHW ny is`KI dy pRcwr iv`c vfmu`lw Xogdwn pwieAw[ auh SwKwvW hn-
nukwr vwlI SwK, AMimRqsrI SwK, BweI gurbKS jI dI SwK, swhny
vwlIey swDUAW dI SwK, ipMf cohlw swihb vwlI SwK, Coty fyry (Kwnky) vwlI
SwK, Drmswl mwxk dy bwnI BweI ipRQI jI dI SwK, Drmswlw ml vwly
swDUAW dI SwK, gVdIvwly swDUAW dI SwK, vfy fyry (mIey ky mOV) vwlI SwK,
230
pUrbI pMjwb, lihMdy pMjwb, isMD qoN Cu`t ies bKiSS dy AsQwn kwSI (au~qr
pRdyS) Aqy ptnw (ibhwr) iv`c vI hn[
4. BweI mIhW swihb bKiSS
pUrbI pMjwb: AMimRqsr (iv`c AKwVw sMglWvwlw, inrbwxsr C`qy vwlw
AKwVw, nWigAW dI Drmswlw (brnwvlI) mjITw, ipMf ksyl, jmSyr (jlMDr),
bMgw, KtkV klW, qsOlI (rwjpury), kwTgV, jgrwauN, ropV, ipMf kIhV koro
mwjrw kurwlI (KrV), CiqAwxw (iProzpur)[
pYpsU: pitAwlw Sihr (iklHw mubwrk dy swhmxy fyrw iemlIvwlw Aqy
ltUrpurw, bIV KyVI (pitAwlw), hQn (mlyrkotlw), PPVy BweI dy, nwfyr klW
(sunwm), r`lw jogw, kwlw JwV (sunwm), lohw KyVw (lONgovwl), swbo kI qlvMfI,
BweI bhwdr ipMf, bIV PrIdkot, nwBw (bnUV) Awid[
au~qr pRdyS iv`c lKnaU, rwj golw nwnk hrI (ijlHw murwdwbwd),
iblvw (gorKpur), krmulwpur (bwrwbMkI) kwSI[
ibhwr : ptnw, DnIAw phwVI (ijlHw gpw) – auVIsw
Aqy bMgwl: mDusUdn bMso b`t (Bwglpur),
muj`Prpur, Swhpur kcrotIAw, pcMBw grIfI[
m`D Bwrq : (ijlHw hzwrI bwg) ktk (auVIsw), AmrwvqI,
Kolwpur, Byvwpur (nwgpur) aujYn, Daulkw
(gujrwq)[
d`KxI Bwrq : Kwmgwm (ijlHw bulKwxw) bMd rmySvr[
APgwinsqwn : kMDwr iv`c vI Drmswlw bxweI[
231
5. bKqmlIey bKiSS duAwrw vI v`K v`K sQwnW qy jw is`K Drm dw pRcwr

kIqw igAw[ ijnHW dw vyrvw ies pRkwr hY:
lihMdw pMjwb : bhwvlpur, mulqwn
isMD : krwcI
au~qr pRdyS : sWql shwie (pwrQI stySn dy nyVy)
6. jIqm`lIey bKiSS
bwbw ipRQvIcMd soFI ny jIqm`l ƒ 1660 ib. iv`c dIiKAw id`qI[ ienHW
dI g`dI Pqyhpur (pMjwb) iv`c hY[ ienHW dy AnuXweI jIq m`lIey kihlwauNdy
hn[2 ‚audwsIAW ny ivAkqIgq Aqy sMpRdwiek qOr qy is`K pMQ dI mhwn syvw
kIqI hY[ienHW ny gurU nwnk dyv jI dy nW dw prcm Bwrq dy kony -kony qy bulMd
kIqw[ isMD ivc swD bylw kyNdr duAwrw isMDIAW nUM gurbwxI dy lV lwieAw[‛ 3
bwbw gurid`qw jI qoN bwAd ienHW dsnwmIey swDUAW ny sB qoN mh`qvpUrn
kMm hI ieh kIqw ik gurU Cuh pRwpq AsQwnW dI Bwl kIqI qy KwlI pey
gurDwmW dI syvw sMBwl kIqI[ aunHW ny gurU nwnk dyv jI duAwrw vrosweIAW
hoeIAW sMgqW nwl muV rwbqw kwiem kIqw[
5.1.2 gurbwxI poQIAW ilKx dI syvw
audwsI swDUAW ny dUr durwfy gurU AsQwnW au~pr phuMc ky is`KI dw pRcwr
kIqw[ ‚ienHW sMqW dI Adu`qI dyx ieh rhI hY ik ienHW ny gurU gMRQ swihb dIAW
bIVW vI h`QI ilKx dI mhwn syvw kIqI[ gurU gMRQ swihb dI bwxI dw pRcwr
krn ih`q bIVW iqAwr krnIAW bhuq mh`qvpUrn kMm sI[ aus smyN Cwpy–Kwny
nhIN sn ies leI ies kMm ƒ h`QIN ilKky kIqw jwx lìgAw[ gurU gMRQ swihb
dIAW bIVW qoN ielwvw inqnym dy gutky iqAwr kr sMgqW iv`c vMfy jWdy sn[
2
rxDIr isMG, audwsI is`KW dI iviQAw, pMny 78-487.
3
mwn isMG inrMkwrI, is`K Drm dy isDWq sMsQwvW dI rcnw Aqy ivvycn, fw. mwn isMG inrMkwrI, cMfIgVH,
2000.
232
ienHW duAwrw inBweI ieh syvw ie`k imswl bx ky rih jWdI hY[ ies qrHW AsIN
dyKdy hW ik q^q ptnw swihb ivKy 100 h`Q ilKq bIVW mOjUd hn jo vDyry
krky audwsI swDUAW vloN ilKIAW geIAW hn qy aunHW ƒ sMBwl ky rìKAw igAw
hY[‛4
audwsI swDUAW v`loN sQwipq kyNdrW qy gurU gMRQ swihb dw pRkwS kIqw
jWdw sI Aqy kQw kIrqn vI krvwieAw jWdw irhw hY[ ienHW audwsI swDUAW ny
sMgqW ƒ sMigTq krn leI puMinAw, mìsAw, sMgrwd, gurpurb Aqy joV myly
AwrMB kIqy[ ies dw Asr ieh hoieAw ik is`KI pMjwb qoN bwhr dUr -dUr q`k
PYl geI[
ipAwrw isMG pdm ilKdy hn ‚ik ieh ie`k ieiqhwisk hkIkq hY ik
ienHW audwsI mhwqmwvW icMrkwl q`k dUr–dUr jw ky nwnkmq dw pRcwr kIqw,
dyS iv`c hI nhIN sgoN ivdyS iv`c vI[ ijvyN ik aunIvIN sdI iv`c bwvw rwmdws
ny rUs dI rwjDwnI pItrzbrg (lYinn gRwf) iv`c DrmSwlw bxweI Aqy ie`k
hor audwsI swDU ny bwkU Sihr iv`c fyrw sQwipq kIqw Aqy ijs dI dIvwr
au~pr mUlmMqR aukirAw hoieAw hY[‛5
audwsI swDU mjITI colw pihndy sn, ienHW dy isr qy au~cw ku`lw, h`Q
mwlw, kwlI sylI Aqy qUMbI ienHW dI inSwnI huMdI sI[ ies qrHW AsIN dyKdy hW
ik audwsI Awpxy fyirAW iv`c ividAw dw ^ws pRbMD krdy sn[ audwsI swDU
Awpxy AsQwnW qy gurmuKI pVwaux dw kMm vI nwl–nwl krdy sn[ hr ie`k
audwsI swDU ƒ gurmuKI AwauxI lwzmI sI[
fw. mihMdr kOr ig`l kihMdy hn ik ienHW fyirAW iv`c gurU nwnk dyv jI
dy aupdySW ƒ smiJAw, piVHAw qy pVHwieAw jWdw sI[ ieh fyry snwqnI m`q
nwloN tu`ty hoey nhIN sn ies leI ieQy aupinSdW au~pr ivcwr vI huMdy qy
4
gurdyv isMG (sMpw.), audwsI sMpRdwie Aqy is`K pMQ, pMnw 111.
5
pdm, ipAwrw isMG, is`K sMpRdwvlI, pMNnw 23.
233
gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAw vI nym nwl kIqI jWdI sI[ ies dy nwl-nwl audwsI
swDUAW duAwrw hor snwqnI gMRQW dw pTn–pwTn vI kIqw jWdw sI[6
5.1.3 audwsI sMpRdwie dw swihqk Xogdwn
sMpRdwvW dy swDUAW v`loN Dwrimk swDnwvW dy nwl-nwl smyN-smyN qy Drm
dy pRcwr ih`q bVI au~qm iksm dw swihq vI ricAw jWdw irhw hY[ ijs rwhIN
sMbMiDq Drm qy imSn ƒ pRcwrnw Aqy Awpxy ivrsy ƒ hor AmIr bxwauxw
Swiml huMdw sI[ iehnW ilKqW rwhIN Dwrimk rhu rIqW aujwgr huMdIAW Aqy
nwl hI AiDAwqimk igAwn dI soJI vI krvweI jWdI[ iesy qihq sU&I sMqW
ny ik`sy, kw&IAW, vwrW, jMgnwimAW dI rcnw kIqI[ ienHW duAwrw rcy swihq dI
Amu`lqw ies g`l qoN zwihr huMdI hY ik mOlwnw rUm dI msnvI ƒ eIrwn dI
kurwn ikhw jWdw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw nwQ XogIAW dw swihq vI aupl`bD hY[
iesy pRkwr hI audwsI sMpRdwie dy swDUAW ny is`KI imSn ƒ cyqnw iv`c vsw ky
swihq isrjxw v`l ivSyS iDAwn id`qw[
audwsI sMpRdwie ny is`K pMQ dy ivkws iv`c ij`Qy pRcwr pRswr rwhIN ih`sw
pwieAw, au~Qy swihq rcnw kr ky ies dy ivrsy ƒ hor vI AmIr bxwieAw[
audwsI sMpRdwie dy moFI bwbw sRI cMd jI ny ipqw gurU nwnk dyv jI dy imSn ƒ
pRcwrn ih`q swihq isrjxw dw mu` F bMinAw[ fw. mihMdr kOr ig`l Anuswr
bwbw jI ny pRmu`K qOr qy cwr rcnwvW rcIAW:
a) Awrqw
A) shMsrnwmW
e) gur gwieqRI
s) mwqRw bwxI
6
mihMdr kOr ig`l, bwbw sRI cMd qy audwsI mq, pMNnw 53.
234
iehnW rcnwvW iv`c bwbw sRI cMd jI ny gurU nwnk dyv jI dI ausqiq
kIqI hY[ ijvyN ik Awrqw dI rcnw bwbw sRI cMd jI ny p`Koky rihMidAW hI kIqI
sI, jdoN gurU nwnk dyv jI pihlI audwsI qoN vwps Awey qW bwbw sRI cMd jI ny
ipqw gurU nwl imlxI smyN ieh Awrqw ricAw[ ies iv`c gurU nwnk dyv jI dI
ausqq kIqI hY:
cwr kuMt jwkI Drm swlw[
sMgq gwvY Sbd rswlw[
Awrqw kIjY nwnk Swih pwqSwh kw[
hir hir dIn dunIAW dy pwqSwh kw[
Awrqw kIjY nwnk Swih pwqSwh kw[7
iesy pRkwr bwbw sRI cMd jI shMsrnwmw iv`c gurU nwnk dyv jI ausqiq
krdy ilKdy hn:
primqw prolokw dyv nwnk mlw hrI[
BUmcwrI, ibsÍ nwQw, ibs krqw, Drw ib`sI[8
bwbw sRI cMd dI mwqRw bwxI ƒ kMT krnw hr audwsI leI zrUrI hY[ ies
rcnw iv`c bwbw sRI cMd jI ny audwsI ByK gurU nwnk dyv jI pwsoN imilAw
dìsAw hY:
buD bwGMbr kulw posqIn[
KONs KVwvW eyh miq lIn[
qoVw cUVw AOr jMjIr[
lY pihry nwnk Swh &kIr[9
gur gwieqRI mMqR rcnw iv`c gurU nwnk dyv jI ƒ bRhm rUp iv`c icqrdy
hoey ilKdy hn:
7
mihMdr kOr ig`l, bwbw sRI cMd qy audwsI mq, pMnw 59.
8
auhI, pMnw 66.
9
auhI, pMnw 89.
235
sRI gurU nwnk inrMkwr dyvqw

srvyst pRis`D ArQy jpy ivnXogw[10
Aqy iesy hI rcnw iv`c auh gurU nwnk ƒ inrMkwr Aqy nrwiex srUp
pyS krdy hn:
sRI gurU nwnkM inrMkwrM nwrwiexM inrguxM
srvgXM sUKmM mYkM dyvqM nmsqqy[11
ivdvwnW dw mMnxw hY ik gur gwieqRI mMqR qW mUl mMqR dI ivAwiKAw hI
pRqIq huMdw hY ijvyN bwbw sRI cMd ny BwS iliKAw hovy[ auprokq rcnwvW iv`c
gurU nwnk dyv jI ƒ hI kyNdr iv`c rìKAw igAw hY[ ies qoN ieh pRqIq huMdw hY
ik bwbw sRI cMd gurU nwnk dy imSn ƒ bRhmcrX iv`c rih ky hI pRcwrnw
cwhuMdy sn[
bwbw sRI cMd qoN ielwvw hor audwsI swDUAW duAwrw pMjwbI, ihMdI sMsikRq
Awid BwSwvW iv`c bVI au~qm iksm dw swihq ricAw igAw[ ienHW iv`coN
bRhmdws ikRq audwsI mq drpx, sRI pRkwS hir ikRq sRI cMd pRkwS, suAwmI
gMgySvrwnMd ikRq sRoqmuin cirqwmirq pRvwh, suAwmI AnwQdws ikRq
ivcwrmwlw Aqy sRI AiKlwnMd Srmw ikRq sRI cMd idgivjX Awid pRmùK
rcnwkwr hn[
kvI sMqryx duAwrw bhuq kImqI audwsI swihq ricAw igAw imldw hY[
aunHW duAwrw rcIAW 5 pusqkW h`Q iliKq rUp iv`c mlyrkotlw iv`c sMq ryx
AwSrm iv`c peIAW hn:
1- gurU nwnk idgivjY
2- mn pRboD
10
mihMdr kOr ig`l, bwbw sRI cMd qy audwsI mq, pMnw 77.
11
ayuhI, pMnw 78.
236
3- bcn sMgRih AOr AnmY AMimRqswgr

4- audwsI boD
5- nwnk boD12
5.1.4 gurbwxI tIkwkwrI Aqy hor rcnwvW
swihq isrjxw dy nwl-nwl audwsI sMqW dI tIkwkwrI iv`c vI bhuq hI
mh`qvpUrn dyx hY[ ienHW ny gurbwxI dy tIky kr ky sMgqW q`k phuMcwey qW ik
gurbwxI dy ArQ-boD krvwey jw skx qy jn–swDwrx q`k gurbwxI dy sMdyS ƒ
phuMcwieAw jw sky[ ienHW iv`c swDU AnMdGx dw nW pRmu`K hY aus ny hyT ilKy
tIky kIqy:
1. jpu jI
2. AwrqI
3. EAMkwr
4. isD gosit
5. AnMd
6. Awsw dI vwr
audwsI swDUAW ny ayuprokq gurbwxI tIikAW rwhIN is`K pMQ dI lw-imswl
syvw kIqI[ iesy qihq hI AsIN dyKdy hW ik v`K-v`K tIkwkwrW dy jIvn ƒ
Kojx dI vI loV pRqIq huMdI hY ijs rwhIN aunHW duAwrw kIqy tIikAW dI pRikrqI
ƒ smiJAw jw sky[ swDU AnMdGx duAwrw kIqy gurbwxI tIikAW ivcly
hvwilAW qoN pqw l`gdw hY ik auh audwsI bwbw rwm idAwl jI dy cyly sn[
auh jwq dy bRwhmx Aqy au~c ividAw pRwpq krn leI kwSI ivKy gey[13
12
jgnnwQ Srmw, audwsIn sMpRdwie ky ihMdI kvI AOr aunkw swihqX, pMnw 83.
13
qwrn isMG, gurbwxI dIAW ivAwiKAw pRxwlIAW, pMnw 94.
237
audwsIAW iv`c swDU AnMdGx dy kIqy jpu jI dy tIky ƒ hI pRmùK mMinAw

jWdw hY[ kwSI qoN ividAw pRwpq kIqI hox krky aunHW dy tIikAW iv`c BwrqI
AiDAwqimk pRMprw dIAW jugqW suqy is`D hI Aw geIAW hn[
swDU AnMdGx qoN bwAd suAwmI sdwnMd dw nwm vrxnXog hY[ aunHW ny
jpujI swihb dw tIkw kIqw[ ieh tIkw h`Q ilKq KrVy dy rUp iv`c is`K
rYPrYNs lwiebRyrI, AMimRqsr ivKy hoieAw krdw sI[ iesdI ilKx imqI ib.
1890 Aqy sMn 1833 eI. sI[ suAwmI sdwnMd ny tIky kridAW sMq BwKw ƒ hI
ApxwieAw[ qwrn isMG aus dy tIky au~pr hir jI ricq jpu prmwrQ dw
Asr mMndw hY[14 ienHW tIkwkwrW qoN ielwvw hor vI audwsI swihqkwr pYdw
hoe[
y ijnHW dw vyrvw ies pRkwr hY-
hrIAw, AmIrdws, sMq eISrdws, rqnhir, hrnwm, gRwhn dws,
hridAwl qxy rwmdws, gMgw dws, SwrDw rwm Awid bhuq swry audwsI
swihqkwr pYdw hoey[ mOjUdw smyN suAwmI bRhmdyv pTn pwTn, swihq isrjxw
dy nwl-nwl dsm gMRQ Aqy audwsI bwbw sRI cMd dI mwqRw bwxI au~pr prmwrQ
ilK cu`ky hn[15 sMq eISrdws jI ny bRj ivlws ‘sqseI’ gMRQ dI rcnw kIqI[
audwsI swDUAW dy swihq aupr ivdvwnW dy keI Koj kwrj aulyKXog hn, ijvyN
bwbw rwmdws dI rcnw ‘bwxI rwmdws’ jsbIr isMG swbr vloN sMpwidq ho
cu`kI hY[ SoBw Srmw ny Awpxy pI AYc. fI. Koj pRbMD ‘pMjwb ky swihqX ko
audwsI sMpRdwie kI dyn’ iv`c pMjwb dy audwsI sMpRdwie dy ijnHW kvIAW dw
izkr kIqw hY, aunHW dy nW ies pRkwr hn: ingmwnMd prmhMs, igirDr
kivrwX, bIbI lkCmI, kvI rqn hrI, kvI ibSndws, kvI prmwnMd audwsI,
14
15
svrnjIq kOr gryvwl, au~qrI Bwrq dIAW pRmùK inrgux sMpRdwvW, pMnw 101.
238
surjndws Aqy g`dkwr BweI syvwdws, iSvrwmdws ckrvrqI, gMgySvrwnMd,

ikSordws svwmI, mhMq AnMqwnMd[16
mhMq gxySw isMG ilKdy hn ik ‚AMdwzw kIqw jWdw hY ik pOxy ku do sO
swl q`k inrmly, inhMg Aqy pujwrI Awid dw iBMn Byd koeI nhIN sI prMqU ‘Dn
Ar BUim purwqn vYrw’ vwlI bwq ny hI Awpxw s`c kr idKwXw, jyVHI bwq A`j
pRis`D hY Eh kl ƒ kuC hor hI rUp iv`c plt jWdI hY, kXoNik jd-qk
inrmly ivrkq bxy rhy koeI jwgIr jwiedwd Awid lYx dw sMklp nhIN kIqw
Ar AKwVw nhIN sI b`Jw, qd qk pMQ ie`k mu`T irhw, isMG, inrmly, inhMg,
Ar pujwrI Awid dw koeI iBMn Byd n jwqw[ jd inrmilAW dy fyry pRis`D hoey
Ar AKwVw b`Jw, ies dy pRBwv inrmilAW dw hor vDyry sqwrw cmk Kloqw qW
pujwrI Awid ikqinAW dy mn iv`c eIrKw Awx hoeI‛[17 iesy pRkwr audwsI
mhMqW pws jdoN jgIrW AweIAW qW ieh vI ivlwsI jIvn ƒ qrjIh dyx l`g
pey Aqy zmIn-zwiedwd Awid au~pr Awpxw puSqYnI AiDkwr sQwipq krn
l`gy pey[ ijs qihq ienHW mhMqW ny gurDwmW au~pr kbzw kr ilAw[ PlsrUp
is`K pMQ iv`c gurduAwrw suDwr lihr pYdw hoeI[ ies lihr dOrwn keI is`KW
ƒ Awpxy pRwxW dI AhUqI vI dyxI peI[ ienHW ivlwsI mhMqW iv`c nnkwxw
swihb dy mhMq nrYx dws pwsoN sMGrS dOrwn gurduAwrw swihb ƒ Awzwd
krvwieAw[ ies qoN bwAd jYqo dw morcw, cwbIAW vwlw mOrcw Awid hoNd iv`c
Awey[ ienHW kwrnW krky is`K pMQ dy nwl audwsIAW dy sMbMD suKwvyN nhIN rhy[
pMifq rqn isMG AQvw rqnhrI audwsIn AMimRqsrI duAwrw 35 pusqkW
dI rcnw dw izkr imldw hY, SmSyr isMG ASok ny hyT ilKIAW rcnwvW dw
vyrvw id`qw hY :
16
'kksHkk 'kekZ] iatkc ds lkfgR; dks mnklh lEiznk; dh nsu] i`ñ 106&289-
17
mhMq gxySw isMG, ieiqhws inrml ByK, BUimkw.
239
pOrwixk rcnwvW- 1) pRSnoqrI svwmI Sukdyv kI 2) bRhm rh`sX 3)

rwm rh`sX 4) SRI rwm llwm gIq, swr sMgIq ArQwq SRImd Bwgvq
5)rGUqm shsqR nwm 6) sRI ikRSn kivqwvlI (dsm skMD Bwgvq) 7)
gIq goivMd rws pMcwDXweI 8) Bgvd gIqw mhwqmX 9) rwm ivSxU
Xugl shsqR nwm 10) jwnkI Xmk pcIsI Awid[
isK Drm sMbMDI rcnwvW- 1) SRI gurU nwnk cMdr cMidRkw 2) gurU kIrqI
kivqwvlI 3) gurU nwnk nvk Awid[
Putkr kwvX rcnwvW- 1) Xmk dmk dohwvlI 2) kivqwvlI Awid[18
5.1.5 AKwVw sMglvwlw vloN pRkwiSq pusqkW
1. AivnwSI cMdr (ihMdI) 1968
2. sMkiSpq jIvnI (ihMdI) 1962
3. SRI cMdr puSpWjlI (ihMdI) 1967
4. iSv ivvwh (ihMdI) 1970
5. pWc puSp (ihMdI) 1971
6. SRI cMdr jXoqI (ihMdI) 1972
7. AwrqI (ihMdI) 1972
8. durgw PulvwVI (Bwg 1-3) 1972
9. audwsI dy qrly (ihMdI) 1974
10. Bv BY mocn (ihMdI) 1974
11. audwsI kI PirAwd (ihMdI) 1975
12. audwsI kI pukwr (ihMdI) 1975
13. Dur dI bwxI (pMjwbI) 1978
14. mwqrw mkrMd (ihMdI) 1978
18
SmSyr isMG ASok, pMjwb ihMdI swihqX drpx, (ihMdI) pMnw 90.
240
15. AivnwSI cMdr (pMjwbI) 1978

16. jIvn mukqI (ihMdI) 1979
17. SRI cMdR cwlIsw (ihMdI) 1979
18. SRI cMdR ivnY vMdnw (ihMdI) 1980
19. AwrqI (ihMdI) 1983
20. SRI cMdR cMidRkw (ihMdI) 1984
21. inrvwx ipRXqm cirq (ihMdI) 1991
22. Bgvwn SRI cMdr : kuC iSkSweyN (ihMdI) 1992
23. inqX inXm (ihMdI) 1992
24. isiKAwvW mwqrw Swsqr Aqy AwrqI (pMjwbI) 1992
25. SRI cMdr isDWq mMjrI (ihMdI) 1993
26. sMkiSpq pircX mMdr lONgW vwlI AYvm SkqI pircX (ihMdI) 1993
27. mwqrw mihmw (ihMdI) 1993
28. ipRXqm pRBw (ihMdI) 1993
29. sqgurU mihmw (ihMdI) 1993
30. sqsMg mihmw (pMjwbI) 1993
31. ey brIP ihstrI AwP AKwVw sMglvwlw (AMgryzI) 1994
32. Bgvwn SRI cMdr kuC iSkSweyN (mrwTI) 1994
33. Bgvwn SRI cMdr : sm tIicMgz (AMgryzI) 1994
34. inrvwx pRIqm cirq (pMjwbI) 1994
35. inrvwx pRIqm cirq (ihMdI) sMmq 2048
5.1.6 audwsI sMpRdwie dw smwijk Kyqr iv`c Xogdwn
audwsI sMpRdwie ny Dwrimk Aqy swihqk Xogdwn dy nwl-nwl smwijk
Xogdwn iv`c Aihm BUimkw inBweI hY[ aunHW ny Awpxy inq dy kwr ivhwr iv`c
241
Dwrimk AwdrSW dy nwl-nwl smwj syvw Swiml rihMdI sI[ audwsI swDU smwj
BlweI dy kwrj iv`c Awpxy Awp ƒ pUrI qrHW smripq r`Kdy sn Aqy smwijk
jIvW dy auDwr leI hr ie`k sMBv Xqn krdy sn[ auh hr smyN ies Xqn
iv`c rihMdy sn ik mnu`K AiDAwqimk jIvn dy nwl smwijk jIvn iv`c vI
sdwcwrk guxW ƒ Dwrn krn[ ies sdwcwrk lihr ƒ bwbw sRI cMd ny hI
audwsI sMpRdwie iv`c pswirAw sI[ ies Dwrnw ƒ fw. jsivMdr kOr iF`loN ies
qrHW ibAwndy hn ‚ik sRI cMd jI ny jIvW ƒ sMswr iv`c rih ky cMgy gux Dwrn
krn leI pRyirq kIqw hY[ sRI cMd jI dy smyN SYv Aqy vYSnv m`qW dw pRcln
sI, pr dovW dy AwpsI mqByd bhuq v`K ho cùky sn[ dovyN bwhrI swDnW Aqy
icnHW ƒ bhuq mh`qqw idMdy sn Aqy jIvn dIAW AslI kImqW qoN dUr hI dUr
jw rhy sn[ sRI cMd jI ny ienHW SYv Aqy vYSnv swDUAW dy swry vySW Aqy swDnW
dy rUpkW rwhIN audwsI sMpRdw dy sdwcwrk p`K ƒ ibAwn kIqw hY‛[19 ienHW
sdwcwrk guxW dy nwl hI smwijk jIvn iv`c sMjm Aqy sihjqw ikvyN Awvy
ienHW smwijk AwdrSW ƒ vI audwsI swDUAW ny Awpxy pRcwr rwhIN Gr-Gr q`k
phuMcwieAw[
audwsI sMpRdwie ny isìKAw dy kwrj iv`c vI Aihm Xogdwn pwieAw[
audwsI swDUAW ny dUr duryfy sQwnW q`k phuMc kr ky ividAw dw pRswr kIqw[
fw. gurmu`K isMG ny Awpxy Koj p`qr ‘audwsI sMpRdwie : audBv qy ivkws’ iv`c
ies sMbMDI ivsQwr sihq crcw kIqI hY ‚ik audwsI sMpRdwie dy swDUAW ny
gurmu`KI ilpI qy pMjwbI BwSw dw bVw pRcwr kIqw[ sRI gurU qyg bhwdr jI dy
SrDwlU audwsI swDU bwbw gurdws d`KxI jI ny gurU jI dy AwdyS Anuswr lwhOr
ivKy gurmu`KI dw pRcwr kIqw[ syvw pMQI BweI A`fxSwh iehnW dy iSS sn[
srkwrI skUlW dI AxhoNd vwly smyN iv`c iehnW swDUAW ny ipMfW-SihrW iv`c
19
fw. gurnwm kOr, audwsI sMpRdwie dw Akwdimk pirpyK, pMnw 82.
242
fyry kwiem krky lokW ƒ gurmùKI isKw ky Su`D bwxI pVHn dI isìKAw id`qI[ hr
AOkV iKVy m`Qy J`l ky nwm bwxI dw pRcwr kIqw‛[20
audwsI sMpRdwie ny Awpxy smwijk kwrj iv`c lokW dy smUihk qxwvW ƒ
kw&I h`d q`k ^qm kr id`qw[ ijhVy smwijk qxwA jwq-pwq, aUc-nIc, rMg
nsl sMbMDI Akwrx hI pYdw ho gey sn[ blbIr isMG nMdw AwpxI pusqk
purwqn is`K sMpRdwie AMdr vI iesy hI Dwrnw ƒ AiBivAkq krdy hn ik
ieh audwsI swDU hI sn ijnHW ny isMGW Aqy sihjDwrI is`KW ivckwr ie`k joVn
vwlI kVI dw kwrj inBwieAw[ isMGW Aqy sihjDwrIAW iv`c lMmy smyN qoN clI
Aw rhI qxwA dI AvsQw dw smwDwn audwsI sMqW ny hI Awpxy ivcwrW rwhIN
kIqw[21
audwsI sMpRdwie dy mhMq smwijk kilAwx leI dUr-durwfy dIAW
XwqrwvW krdy rihMdy sn[ iehnW XwqrwvW dw smwijk audyS jn-sDwrx ƒ
srIrk rogW qoN mukq krwauxw vI sI[ audwsI sMq AijhI AOS`DI iqAwr krdy
sn, ijs nwl purwxI qoN purwxI ibmwrI dw ielwj ho skdw sI[ ies smwijk
syvw ƒ inBwaux vwsqy ieh swDU-mhMq Gr-Gr Brmx krdy rihMdy sn[ ies
Brmx dy nwl-nwl sQwnk lokW dI syvw leI Drmswl iv`c hI sMpUrn ielwj
dI kwrj pRxwlI clweI jWdI sI[ ies dw izkr ipAwrw isMG pdm ‘is`K
sMpRdwvlI’ pusqk AMdr ies pRkwr krdy hn ik ‚audwsI swDU Drmswlw iv`c
bYT ky ividAwly vI clwauNdy qy jVHI bUtIAW nwl ielwz vI krdy sn[ ies
smwijk kwrj leI audwsI sMq iksy iksm dw imhnqwnw nhIN ilAw krdy sn,
sgoN ibnw iksy suAwrQ dy AwpxI qn dyhI nwl ieh smwijk syvw krdy
sn‛[22
20
fw. gurnwm kOr, audwsI sMpRdwie dw Akwdimk pirpyK, pMnw 67.
21
blbIr isMG nMdw, purwqn is`K sMpRdwie, pMnw 21.
22
ipAwrw isMG pdm, is`K sMpRdwvlI, pMny, 32-34.
243
ies smu`cI ivcwr crcw qoN bwAd ieh g`l BlI BWq aujwgr ho jwdI hY
ik audwsI sMpRdwie ny swihqk, smwijk Aqy Dwrimk pRcwr-pwswr leI hr
ie`k sMBv Xqn kIqw[ ies inrsuAwrQ kwrj iv`c auhnW ny gurbwxI dy
AwdrSW ƒ hI mUl rUp iv`c ivsQwirq kIqw hY[ audwsI sMqW ny vrg, sQwn
Aqy SRyxI qoN inrlyp rih ky AwpxI jIvn p`DqI ƒ audwhrx vjoN smwj dy
snmu`K pyS kIqw hY[ ies Adu`qI syvw dy bwvjUd 19vIN sdI dy AMq iv`c iehnW
audwsI swDUAW dy in`jI ih`qW sdkw ies sMpRdwie dw pMQ nwl qxwA pYdw ho
igAw[
5.2 ihMdwlIAw sMpRdwie
bwbw ihMdwl vloN clweI ies sMpRdwie dI is`K pMQ iv`c BUimkw iqRskwr
vwlI hI rhI hY[ ihMdwl gurU Amrdws jI duAwrw bKSI mMjI au~pr pUrn
siqkwr qy SrDw nwl gurU AwSy Anuswr hI kMm krdw irhw[ ies leI ausdy
jIvn kwl iv`c ihMdwlIAW dw is`K Drm iv`c siqkwrXog sQwn irhw[ pr
ihMdwl dI mOq qoN bwAd ausdy AnuXweIAW v`loN inBweI BUimkw krky ienHW dy
is`K pMQ nwl sMbMDW iv`c vI inGwr AwieAw[ pr is`K pMQ dy ivkws iv`c ies
sMpRdwie ƒ A`KoN-proKy krnw TIk nhIN[ fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN is`K Drm iv`c
ies sMpRdwie dI BUimkw bwry ilKdy hn:
“Another tradition, the Hindali that was totally heterodox in nature, also
deserves our attention”.23
jMifAwlw invwsI bwbw ihMdwl gurU Amrdws jI dI Srn iv`c Awaux qoN
pihlW Awpxy ipqw vWg sKI srvr dw aupwSk sI[ gurU jI dy drbwr iv`c
Awaux qoN bwAd iesdw mn syvw Aqy ismrn iv`c juV igAw[ bwbw ihMdwl dy
muKwribMd qoN hmySw ‘inrMjn-inrMjn’ dw jwp hI suixAw jWdw sI[ ausdy muK qoN
23
Balwant Singh Dhillon, Early Sikh Scriptural Tradition, p. 57.
244
inrMjn dw inrMqr jwp cldw dyK ays dy AnuXweIAW ƒ inrMjnIey Sbd nwl
sMboiDq kIqw jwx l`gw Aqy bwAd iv`c iehI nwm ienHW dI sMpRdwie dw mShUr
ho igAw[ ausƒ lMgr iv`c ijs pRkwr dI vI syvw imldI ausƒ ibnW Atky
krn l`g pYdw[
sbd aucwrNy qoN inrMjn qY krqwr
XwhIqY inrMjnIey soaU ibdqwey hY[24
5.2.1 ihMdwlIAW dw Dwrimk Aqy swihqk kwrjW iv`c Xogdwn
bwbw ihMdwl ijs smyN goieMdvwl gurU Amrdws jI dy drbwr iv`c
phuMicAw aus qoN bwAd iPr vwps Gr nhIN igAw[ gurU Amrdws jI ny bwbw
ihMdwl dI syvw sdkw ausƒ mMjIdwr bxwieAw Aqy nwl hI gurmiq dw pRcwr
krn dI AwigAw vI id`qI[ gurU dI pRsMnqw hwisl krky bwbw ihMdwl bhuq hI
ûS hoieAw qy gurU dw hukm mMn goieMdvwl qoN jMifAwly Awpxy hI ipMf iv`c
is`KI dw pRcwr krn l`gw[ AweIAW sMgqW dI auh vD cVH ky syvw krdw[ ies
leI swry is`K aus nwl bhuq pRym krdy sn[
hrK sog mn mo nhI Awny[
sqgur mUrq ihrdy Twny[
qw so pRym isK sB kry[
vy kwhU so icq nw Dry[25
ihMdwl sMgqW vloN ilAwdIAW BytwvW Awid ƒ gurU drbwr iv`c phuMcw
idMdw ijs nwl ausdI is`K sMgqW iv`c bhuq ie`zq qy siqkwr sI[ bwbw
ihMdwl lgBg 75 swl dI aumr Bog ky pRlok isDwr igAw[ aus qoN bwAd aus
dw pùqr bwbw ibDI cMd ausdI g`dI dw au~qrwiDkwrI bixAw[
24
igAwn, isMG igAwnI, sRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, pMnw 1290.
25
B`lw, srUp dws, mihmw pRkwS (Bwg-2), pMnw 224.
245
jdoN q`k bwbw ihMdwl ijauNdw irhw ibDI cMd vI syvw Bwvnw Aqy gurU dy
hukm iv`c ivcrdw irhw[ pr ijauN hI bwbw ihMdwl dI mOq hoeI iesdy Awcrx
iv`c igrwvt Aw geI[ ausny muslmwn AOrq ƒ Awpxy Gr r`K ilAw[ ieQy hI
bs nhIN ijQy auhny Drm krm krny C`fy auQy nwl hI auh gurU qoN vI bymuK ho
igAw qy AwpxI ApRmwixk gurg`dI vI clweI[
AOrYN sB krm Drm Cofy ihMdUE ky
gurU ko BI Cof kY suqMqR sdwey hYN[26
ihMdwlIAW ny ibDI cMd dy muslmwn AOrq nwl sMbMDW ƒ drusq drswaux
leI gurU nwnk dyv jI dw sMbMD muslmwn AOrq nwl joiVAw hY[ eyQy hI bs
nhIN auhnW gurU hirgoibMd jI bwry vI ApSbdW dI vrqoN kIqI:
iPr gurU hir guibMd ny kOlw[
rwKI Grmy jrwn rOlw[27
ijvyN mIixAW duAwrw gurU swihbwn dy smWnwqr g`dI sQwipq kIqI geI,
iesy pRkwr ihMdwl dy vMiSjW duAwrw vI gurU pRMprw clweI geI[ ijvyN imhrbwn
dy pu`qr hir jI ny Awpxy ipqw dy mh`qv ƒ sQwipq krn leI ‘goStW
imhrbwn jI kIAW’ nW dI jnmswKI ilKI ausy qrHW ihMdwl dy vMiSjW vloN vI
‘jnmswKI bwby ihMdwl jI kI’ ilK ky bwbw ihMdwl dy srUp ƒ dYvI rMgx id`qI
geI[28
BweI kwnH isMG nwBw dy SbdW iv`c aus (ibDI cMd) ny gurU nwnk dyv jI
dI swKI bhuq ASùD kr id`qI Aqy mnmMnIAW g`lW ilK ky Awpxy AOguxW ƒ
is`KI inXm swbq krn dw Xqn kIqw[29
26
igAwnI igAwn isMG, sRI gurU pMQ pRkwS, pMnw 1291.
27
28
rqn isMG j`gI, pMjwbI swihq dw sRoq mUlk ieiqhws, pMnw 269.
29
kwnH isMG nwBw, gurSbd rqnwkr mhwnkoS, pMnw 715.
246
ihMdwlIAW vloN rcI jnmswKI iv`c bwbw ihMdwl dI S^sIAq ƒ gurU

nwnk dyv jI dI S^sIAq nwloN v`fw pyS kIqw igAw hY:
The Niranjania literature produced under the patronage of Bidhi Chand,
has no scruple to denigrate Guru Nanak and his successors. It is replete
with accounts that Hindal stood on a much higher spiritual pedestal than
that of Guru Nanak.30
swKIkwr ny gurU nwnk dyv jI ƒ bwbw ihMdwl nwloN AiDAwqimkqw iv`c
Cotw drswieAw hY[ ies leI aus ny swKIAW iv`c gurU nwnk dyv jI dy mUMhoN hI
bwbw ihMdwl dI is&q krvweI hY[ mrdwnw gurU swihb ƒ svwl pu`Cdw hY ik
quhwfy nwloN vI koeI v`fI hsqI hY qW gurU nwnk dyv jI kihMdy hn ik bwbw
ihMdwl swfy nwloN vI v`fw vlI hovygw jo ik Biv`K iv`c pYdw hovygw:
qum ijm Awey iehW sxdyhYN[
AOriB koaU Awie iknYhY[
gurU khXo ihMdwl jtytw[
eyk AwiehY hor Amytw[31
bwbw ihMdwl dw sMgqW iv`c bhuq hI au~cw ruqbw sI ies leI sMgqW v`loN
jMifAwly ivKy dsvMD phuMcwieAw jWdw sI[ gurU swihb duAwrw mMjIAW ƒ Qwpx
dw mnorQ vI Swied ieho hI sI ik dUr–durwfy vsdIAW sMgqW iv`c bwxI dw
pRvwh cldw rhy ies leI ieh mMjI brdwr sMgqW ƒ nwm bwxI nwl joVI r`Kdy
Aqy Awey hoey dsvMD ƒ mùK kyNdr q`k phuMcw idMdy[ ies nwl gurU swihb lMgr
dw pRbMD Aqy gurduAwirAW Aqy srovrW dw inrmwx krdy sn[ bwbw ihMdwl dI
mOq qoN bwAd vI ieh dsvMD ausy qrHW AwauNdw irhw ijs nwl kwPI Dn ie`kTw
ho igAw[ ibDI cMd ny sMgqW v`loN AwieAw hoieAw dsvMD gurU swihb ƒ
phuMcwaux dI bjwey Awp hI r`Kxw SurU kr id`qw[ aus ny gurU Gr nwloN Awpxw
30
31
247
nwqw qoV ilAw[ jldI hI ausdw ieh Byq Ku`lH igAw qy is`K sMgqW v`loN aus
dw iqAwg kr id`qw igAw[
ies qrHW ibDIcMd dw gurU swihb nwl sMbMD G`tdw hI clw igAw[ ibDI
cMd dI mOq qoN bwAd ausdw pu`qr sWeIdws g`dI au~pr bYiTAw ausqoN bwAd
Akwl dws ihMdwlIAW dy muKI bxy[ is`KI iv`c pYdw hoeIAW sMpRdwvW v`loN smyN -
smyN qy kIqIAW ivAwiKAwvW pUrI qrHW sMquln AKiqAwr nhIN krdIAW ikauNik
ienHW dy AnuXweI sMq-ispwhI Aqy mIrI-pIrI dy sMklpW ƒ ie`kTw vyKx dI QW
ienHW ƒ v`Krw-v`Krw drswauNdy hoey AwpxI ivAwiKAw krdy hn[ ijs sdkw
ienHW duAwrw kIqIAW ivAwiKAwvW is`K isDwqW qoN dUrI AKiqAwr kr lYNdIAW
hn[ is`K pMQ dy pRis`D ivdvwn kpUr isMG iesy siQqI ƒ aujwgr krdy ilKdy
hn:
Now, those who have studied not only the evolution of Sikh history
carefully but also the docmentary material that has been unearthed
during the last 20 or 30 years are fully aware the movements of schism,
by the followers of Dhirmal, Ram Rai, Harbhagat, the Niranjania of
Jandiala, which movements, the Sikh Gurus in their lifetime and the Sikh
people subsequently have tried to suppress and extirpate root and branch,
through all legitimate means available, were movements which were
inspired by the doctrine that either Sikhism should remain unconcerned
altogether with social policy and political activity or it should fall in line
with the ruling Muslims so as to become their camp-followers. The
substitute scripture which the Minas complied, more voluminous than
the Guru Granth, contains a distinct chapter on Var Piran Paikambran ki,
accepting the Semitic line of prophets and saints of Islam as legitimate
and authoritative and about Niranjanias, the author of Tarikh-i-Huss a
248
inshahi (1798 A.D.) tells us that these Sikhs strictly follow basic
injunctions of Islam and are aspirants for entry into Muslim Society.32
ies pRkwr hI fw. blvMq isMG iF`loN vI iesy g`l dI puStI krdy hn:
It seems thereafter Bidhi Chand and his successors became sworn
enemies of the main stream Sikhs to cause an irreparable loss to them at
the hands of Mughal and Afghan authorities.33
‘prcI bwbw ihMdwl jI kI’ inrMjnIAW v`loN rcI geI hY[ ies qoN ielwvw
BweI bwly vwlI jnmswKI vI hMdwlIAW v`loN hI ilKI geI mMnI jWdI hY[ krm
isMG ihstorIAn ny ‘k`qk ik ivswK’ iv`c BweI bwly vwlI jnmswKI ƒ
Alocnwqmk ivDI rwhIN Awpxy Koj-kwrj dw ivSw bxwieAw hY[ auh kihMdy
hn ik sMmq 1862 iv`c mYlkm ny jnmswKIAW dw AiDAYn kIqw pr BweI
bwly vwlI jnmswKI dw izkr nhIN kIqw[34
izAwdwqr ivdvwnW dw iÂwl hY ik ies jnmswKI ƒ ilKvwieAw qW
gurU AMgd dyv jI ny hI hY pr ihMdwlIAW ny ies iv`c rlw pw ky ies ƒ ivgwV
id`qw[ krm isMG ihstorIAn mMndy hn ik ies jnm swKI ƒ bxwieAw hI
ihMdwlIAW ny hY[ ies leI auh BweI bwlw jnmswKI iv`coN audwhrx idMdy hn:
scKMf ipAwn smyN gurU jI Aqy mrdwny dI g`lbwq ies qrHW krweI hY-
qW gurU nwnk jI boilAw, mrdwinAW[ swƒ krqwr eyfw gurU imlwieAw hY Aqy
ibnW inrMkwr AswfI idRStI qly koeI nhIN Awvdw qy mrdwnw[ jo kbIr Bgq
Awhw so AsW qoN BI aus dw kdm A`gy Awhw[ A`gy kbIr ijhw Bgq koeI nWhI
hoieAw[ qW mrdwny AwiKAw qusW QoN BI kbIr v`D hoieAw? qW gurU nwnk jI
AwiKAw mrdwnw keI jug bIqdy rhy Aqy keI swD Bgq ho bIqy v`fy -v`fy, pr
32
Kapur Singh, Me Judice, p. 301-302.
33
34
krm isMG ihstorIAn, kqk ik vYswK, pMnw 118.
249
inrMkwr dw drSn dyh iv`c iksy ƒ nwhI hoieAw, ieksy kbIr Bgq ƒ hoieAw
drSn, ies vwsqy kbIr v`fw Bgq hY[35
ies qoN bwAd mrdwny iPr puìCAw ik kbIr qoN ielwvw iksy hor ƒ vI
pRmwqmw dy drSn hoey? qy Biv`K iv`c hor vI koeI AYsw hovygw qW gurU swihb
ny ikhw qW gurU nwnk jI AwiKAw mrdwnw iek jtytw hosI AsW qoN ipCoN, pr
auh AswfI Awx mMnsI Aqy bhuq Adb rKsI[ pr swfI dyh Cu`ty qoN sO vrHw
ip`CoN hosI[36
is`K gurU swihbwn nwl sMbMDW qoN bwAd ihMdwlIAW v`loN is`KW nwl
inBweI BUimkw vI izkrXog hY[ is`K ieiqhws mMndw hY ik jMifAwly invwsI
ihMdwlIey mu`K Dwrw qoN dUr qW ho hI gey sn pr ieh is`KW nwl n&rq vI krn
l`g pey sn[ iesy rMijS sdkw ienHW ny mOky dy hwkmW leI is`KW dI muKbrI
krnI SurU kr id`qI[ jdoN muglW dI s^qI kwrn isMG jMglW ƒ cly gey aus
smyN is`K XoDy srkwr dI phuMc iv`c nw rhy qW ienHW ny SrI& Aqy Aijhy is`KW
ƒ Awpxy bdly dw iSkwr bxwieAw jo iksy dw kuJ vI nhIN ivgwVdy sn[ fw.
gMfw isMG ilKdy hn ik ihMdwlIAW dI rMijS Aqy muKbrI sdkw 1745 eI. ƒ
hirBgq inrMjnIey ny BweI qwrU isMG ƒ igR &qwr krvw id`qw[ ijs sdkw
muglW v`loN BweI qwrU isMG ƒ KoprI auqwr ky ShId kIqw igAw[37 is`K pMQ
Aqy ihMdwlIAW sMpRdwie dy AwpsI sMbMDW bwry igAwnI krqwr isMG
klwsvwlIAw Awpxy SbdW iv`c ibAwn krdw ilKdw hY:
is`KI isdk nbwhXw ihMdwl cMgw
AgoN ivgV igAw pirvwr smJo[
mwXw, mwn jmHw jd hoie dovyN
35
36
37
ipRM. qyjw isMG Aqy gMfw isMG, is`K ieiqhws, pMnw 125.
250
k`Ty ho gey ivkwr smJo[38

iesy hI rcnw iv`c klwsvwlIAw ie`k QW hor ihMdwlIAW duAwrw inBweI
BUimkw dw ijkr krdw hY:
pu`jI Akwl dws qoN bhuq burI
mwrU is`KW dy ho gey Bwr smJo[
bx rhy sn muKbr hwkmW dy
nwl is`KW dy r`K ky Kwr smJo[39
aukq swry dw swr ieh hY ik ihMdwlIAw sMpRdwie dI is`K pMQ pRqI phuMc
bVI n&rq qy eIrKw vwlI sI ijs krky ies sMpRdwie ny is`K pMQ dy ivkws
iv`c koeI swkwrwqimk BUimkw nhIN inBweI[
5.3 mIxw sMpRdwie
mIxw sMpRdwie dw ArMB gurU kwl iv`c ho cùkw sI[ ies dy audBv dw
kwrn gurqwg`dI ƒ iksy vI hIly hiQAwauxw sI Bwv ieh ivroDqw iv`coN pYdw
hoeI sMpRdwie hY[ ijs dy muKIAW ny ApRmwixk gur g`dI pYdw kIqI[ ies dw
moFI ijvyN ik dUsry AiDAwie iv`c drsw cu`ky hW ik ipRQI cMd sI[ auh gurU
rwmdws jI dw jyTw pu`qr qy gurU Arjn dyv jI dw v`fw Brw sI[
gurU nwnk ny gurqwg`dI ƒ sONpx qoN pihlW BweI lihxw dy guxW syvw,
ismrn, hukm dI pwlxw ƒ iDAwn ’c r`KidAW hI auqrwiDkwrI bxwieAw sI[
ies ksv`tI qihq bwkI gurU swihbwn ny Awpxy auqrwiDkwrIAW dI cox kIqI[
gurU swihbwn ny is`KI isDwqW ƒ ksv`tI bxwieAw[ iesy qihq gurU rwmdws jI
ny Awpxw auqrwiDkwrI sB qoN Coty pu`qr (gurU) Arjn dyv ƒ bxwieAw[ ipRQI
38
igAwnI krqwr isMG klwsvwlIAw, pUrn ibRqWq sRI gurU rwmdws swihb jI, pMnw 22 (BweI gurdws
lwiebRyrI, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIrvristI ryAr sYkSn, R-2507).
39
igAwnI krqwr isMG klwsvwlIAw, pUrn ibRqWq sRI gurU rwmdws swihb jI, pMnw 22 (BweI gurdws
lwiebRyrI, gurU nwnk dyv XUnIrvristI ryAr sYkSn, R-2507).
251
cMd Gr iv`c v`fw pu`qr hox krky bhuq hI duKI hoieAw[ ieiqhws gvwh hY ik
aus ny gurqwg`dI hiQAwaux leI bhuq hQkMfy vrqy[
ipRQI cMd dw jnm 1558 eI. ƒ hoieAw[ gurU Arjn dyv jI dI
guirAweI dOrwn hI aus ny AwpxI v`KrI g`dI lw leI sI qy gurU swihb dI
ShIdI qoN bwAd aus ny Awpxy Awp ƒ CyvW gurU GoiSq kr id`qw[ 40 aus ny
hyhr (ijlHw lwhOr) ivKy AMimRqsr drbwr swihb dI nkl kr ies qrHw dw
mMdr bxw ilAw[
BweI gurdws jI ipRQI cMd dy mwmw jI lgdy sn[ aunHW JgVw imtwaux
leI ipRQI cMd ƒ smJwaux dw Xqn kIqw pr auh nw smiJAw[ ijs qy aus dI
kUtnIqI ƒ smJidAW BweI gurdws jI ny aus ƒ ‘mIxw’ sMigAw id`qI[
ipRQI cMd gurU rwmdws jI dw v`fw spu`qr hox krky is`K sMgqW iv`c CyqI
hI jwixAw pCwixAw jwx l`g ipAw sI[ jdoN gurU rwmdws gurqwg`dI qy
ibrwjmwn sn qW ies ny AweIAw sMgqW dI XQw Xog syvw krnI, rihx dw,
lMgr dw Aqy rvwngI smyN isropwau dyx dw pRbMD krnw iesdI izMmyvwrI sI[
ipRQI cMd dI swijS, SyK Aihmd srhMdI dI k`tVqw Aqy jhWgIr dy
pws gurU swihb iKlwP AweIAW irportW sdkw 1606 eI. ƒ gurU Arjn dyv jI
ƒ ShId kr id`qw igAw[ gurU hirgoibMd swihb ƒ 1609 qoN 1619 eI. q`k
gvwlIAr dy iklHy iv`c kYd rihxw ipAw[41
mnohr dws imhrbwn ipRQI cMd dI mOq qoN bwAd aus dw jwnSIn
bixAw[ Dwrimk rucIAW aus iv`c bcpn qoN hI pRvyS kr geIAW sn[ aus dw
bcpn gurU Arjn dyv jI dI sMgq iv`c bIiqAw sI[ ies qrHW ies dI bwlpn
iv`c hI poQI qy bwxI nwl pRIq pY geI sI[ 42 ies leI ies ny Dwrimk Kyqr
40
rqn isMG j`gI, is`K pMQ ivSvkoS (Bwg-2), pMnw 1187.
41
ipAwrw isMG pdm, is`K sMpRdwvlI, pMnw 89.
42
pRo. pRIqm isMG qy fw. joigMdr isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, is`KW dw Cotw myl: ieiqhws qy srvyKx, pMny 70-71.
252
Xogdwn bcpn iv`c hI pwauxw SurU kr id`qw sI[ ismrn BgqI iv`c lgn,
sMqW &kIrW dI sMgq krnw qy aunHW nwl ipAwr qy mn kr ky gRihsQ ’c
rihMidAW vI audwsInqw vwlw jIvn ibqwauxw ies dI S^sIAq dy kùJ gux
sn[43 ies ny bwrW qyrW swl dI aumr iv`c hI bwxI dIAW poQIAW ilKvw ky
dUr fyirAW iv`c ByjxIAW Awid dI ijMmyvwrI inBwauxI SurU kr id`qI sI[ ijs
sdkw dUr durwfy bYTIAw sMgqW is`K isDwqW qy bwxI nwl juVIAW rihMdIAw
sn[
goStW imhrbwn jI kIAW iv`c AwauNdw hY ik imhrbwn rwg ivìdAw
iv`c pRbIn, swzW dw vyqw, mDur Awvwz vwlw, iek AxQ`k kIrqnIAw sI[ hir
jI ies bwry ilKdw hY:
jb (gurU imhrvwn) kIrqin bYTqw qb swJ kI prBwiq hoie
jwqI Aru jb svyry bYTqw qb sWJ hoie jwqI[ AYsw kIrqn hovY
jy prgit jwnIAY jy bYkuMT mih bYTw sRI Twkur jI pRym mgn hoie
gwvqw hY[ sRI siqgurU jI pRym kI mUriq iCAW rwgW, CqIsu prIAw
gwvih[ ...jy koeI ...kIrqn Aih bYTy, kIrqn kau sunY, so iqs
kw AYsw Awqmw Tihrwie jwie jy dUK BUK icMqw aus kI sunqy hI
isau dUr hoie jwqI[ siqgurU jI prym kI CwieAw jy vrqy, sy
iqsu kir kir mhw AwnMd mih aupjY[44
ipRQI cMd ny Awpxy pu`qr imhrbwn ƒ AwpxI g`dI dy pRcwr ih`q
ByijAw[ aus ny mwlvy Aqy pMjwb dy phwVI ielwky iv`c pRcwr kIqw[ mwlvy
iv`c kot Pqy lwgy bwbw BUMdV nwl imhrbwn dw myl hoieAw[ BUMdV dy cyly
bwbw hrIAw qy bwlw sn, ijnHW bwAd iv`c dIvwnw sMpRdwie dI nINh r`KI[ ieh
43
pRo. pRIqm isMG qy fw. joigMdr isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, is`KW dw Cotw myl: ieiqhws qy srvyKx, pMnw 71.
44
ikRSxw kumwrI bWsl (sMpw.), sofI hir jI ikRq goStW imhrbwn jI kIAW, pMnw 59.
253
dIvwny swDU Fol vjw ky n`cdy-t`pdy sn[ smyN dy bIqx nwl iehnW iv`c BMg
Aqy sulPw pIx dI Awdq pY geI[
mIxw sMpRdwie dy ieh dIvwny swDU Awpxy Awp ƒ AKvwauNdy qW nwnk
pMQI hI sn pr keI kys vI ktvw idMdy sn[ ieh gurU goibMd isMG dy smyN
hOlI-hOlI kyswDwrI ho gey[45
5.3.1 mIxw sMpRdwie dw swihqk Xogdwn
mIxw sMpRdwie iv`c ijhVw swihqk kwrj hoieAw hY aus sMbMDI ivdvwnW
iv`c mqByd irhw hY[ kuJ ivdvwn ies ƒ pRmwixk swihq vjoN pirBwiSq
krdy hn Aqy AwpxI pRmwixkqw leI h`QilKq poQIAW ‘coN hvwly idMdy hn[
ijs qrHW blijMdr kOr joSI ny iliKAw hY ‚A`j qweIN ipRQI cMd, ijs ƒ mIxw
sMpRdwie dIAW ilKqW iv`c ‘pwqSwhI 6’ vjoN iliKAw igAw hY, dI koeI v`f -
AwkwrI rcnw nhIN imldI pr hir jI duAwrw sMpwidq ‘bsMq kI vwr’ iv`c
ipRQI cMd dy ilKy 9 slok imldy hn‛[ 46 auprokq Dwrnw ƒ pRo. pRIqm isMG ny
AwpxI pusqk is`KW dw Cotw myl: ieiqhws qy srvyKx iv`c ies pRkwr vrxn
kIqw hY ik imisz joSI dI ieh sUcnw TIk nhIN hY[ aunHW ny ipRQI cMd dy 9
slokW vwlI bsMq kI vwr dw koeI hvwlw nhIN id`qw, pr ijhVI ‘bsMq kI vwr’
AsW vyKI hY, aus iv`c ipRQI cMd dy 9 nhIN blik 14 slok hn‛[ 47 bsMq kI
vwr iv`c imldy ipRQI cMd dy 14 slokW sMbMDI pRo. pRIqm isMG ny jo jwxkwrI
AwpxI pusqk iv`c id`qI hY[ ijs dw AwDwr ipRQI cMd dy poqry hirjI duAwrw
sMpwidq bsMq kI vwr hY[ ijs dw izkr igAwnI lwl isMG, sMgrUr vwilAW dI
pusqk bwxI gurU, gurU hY bwxI, poQI dsm gurbwxI iv`c kIqw igAw imldw hY[
45
ipArw isMG pdm, is`K sMpRdwvlI, pMnw 91.
46
blijMdr kOr joSI, soFI hir jI dI vwrqk, pMnw 26.
47
pRo. pRIqm isMG Aqy fw. joigMdr isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, is`Kw dw Cotw myl: ieiqhws qy srvyKx, pMnw 64.
254
ipRQI cMd dy ienHW slokW qoN ielwvw ies sMpRdwie dy gurUAW ny jo swihq rcnw
kIqI aus dw vrnx inmnilKq Anuswr hY[
Coty myl dw kwiv sMbMDI pRo. pRIqm isMG, pitAwlw h`Q ilKq poQI nMbr
78 iv`c ipRQI cMd, imhrbwn, hir jI, hir nwrwiex, kMvl nYn, hir nMd,
ABY rwm, inrBau Aqy kySodws Awid mIxy mu`KIAw duAwrw rcy swihq dIAW
vMngIAW pRwpq hn[48
qwrn isMG ny mIxw sMpRdwie ƒ ivAwiKAwkwrI iv`c qIsry sQwn qy
rìKAw hY[ ivAwiKAw pRxwlI dy AwDwr qy, gurbwxI dI ivAwiKAwkwrI iv`c
imhrbwn, soFI hir jI Aqy cqurBuj dw nwm vrnxXog hY [
gurU Arjn dyv jI dI sMgq iv`c lgwqwr rihx sdkw imhrbwn dy mn
iv`c vI swihq isrjxw dw AMkur PùitAw[ aus dI rihxI qy s^SIAq AYsI sI
ik aus ƒ keIAW ny gurU mMnxw SurU kr id`qw[ imhrbwn iek SRyST kvI Aqy
gurbwxI dw pRBwvSwlI ivAwiKAwkwr sI[ igxqI iv`c aus duAwrw ricq gMRQW
dI sUcI hyT id`qy Anuswr hY:
1) goStW kbIr jI kIAW
2) goStW BgqW kIAW
3) goStW sBnW gurW kIAW (pihly pMj gurw dIAW)
4) Bgq bwxI prmwrQ
5) gurU-bwxI prmwrQ
6) rwmklI EAMkwr v`fw
7) suKmnI shMsrnwmW
8) vwr mIrw kI
9) msly SyK PrId ky
48
pRo. pRIqm isMG qy fw. joigMdr isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, is`KW dw Cotw myl: ieiqhws qy srvyKx, pMnw 66.
255
10) poQI s`cKMf

11) bsMq kI vwr[49
imhrbwn Dwrimk swihq dy Kyqr iv`c goSit-prmwrQ tIkw-SYlI dw,
ijs ƒ A`j k`lH ‘imhrbwn ivAwiKAw pRxwlI’ ikhw jWdw hY, dw jnm-dwqw
sI[ soFI hir jI imhrbwn dy igAwn dI soBw krdw ilKdw hY:
bwxIAW kw ArQu gurU bwby nwnk jI ky vcn kir kir hoieAw[ jo
ikCu vyd purwx kI bwq QI, jo sB bwxI ky AriQ mih prgit
kir idKlweI[ Ar sBnw gurW ky, sBnw BgqW ky Sbd ijq
ijq prQwie Bey Qy, sy sB ikh smJwey[ Aru igAwnu kQw
Bgviq Aru BwrQ kI kQw sB muK qy kir kir kIjIAih Ar
gIqw swrI kw ArQu muiK hI kir kir sunweIAY[50
imhrbwn ny bhuq mwqrw iv`c kivqw qy vwrqk rUp iv`c swihq ricAw,
is`K pRMprw iv`c ies ƒ ‘k`cI bwxI’ dy nwm nwl Xwd kIqw jWdw hY[ imhrbwn
dI rcI ‘k`cI bwxI’ ƒ rwgI Awm qOr ’qy gwaux l`g pey sn[ ies leI gurU
Arjn dyv jI ny Awid bIV dw sMpwdn kIqw qy gurU swihbwn dI bwxI ƒ rly
qoN bcwieAw Aqy is`KW swhmxy k`cI qy s`cI bwxI dw inKyVw kr id`qw[ kysr
isMG iC`br Anuswr mIixAW Awpxw v`Krw gMRQ iqAwr kr ilAw sI:
fUm lgy Sbd mIixAW dy gwvx[
dUjw drbwr vfw guirAweI dw lgys bxwvx[
mIixAW BI pusqk iek gMRQ bxwieAw[
chuM pwqSwhIAW dw Sbd bwxI iliK ivc pwieAw[

ieQy iksy is`K Sbd imhrvwn dw kIrqn piVHAw[
49
50
ikRSxw kumwrI bwsl (sMpw.), soFI hir jI ikRq goStW imhrvwn jI kIAW, pMny 234-235.
256
so srvxI gurU Arjn jI dI pirAw[

bcn kIqw: BweI gurdws, gurU kI bwxI judw krIey[
mIxy pWdy nI rlw, jo ivc rlw nw DrIey[51

poQI scKMf qoN ielwvw hor koeI vI rcnw pRwpq nhIN huMdI, ijs iv`c sRI
gurU nwnk dyv jI dy jIvn bwry jwxkwrI imldI hovy[ poQI s`cKMf iv`c sRI gurU
nwnk dyv jI dy jIvn nwl sMbMiDq 153 goStW imldIAW hn Aqy ies rcnw
iv`c gurU nwnk bwxI dy 200 SbdW qy slokW dy prmwrQ vI id`qy gey hn[52
mIixAW v`loN g`d rcnwvW qoN ielwvw kwiv rcnwvW vI rcIAW geIAW
ijs dw AwrMB auh mhlw Sbd ilK ky krdy sn Aqy nwnk Cwp hyT AwpxI
kwiv isrjxw krdy sn[ audwhrx vjoN:

rwg mwJ] mhlw 7]
min mih pRIiq gurU drsn kyrI[
Anidn cwhau sMgiq qyrI[
ivsir n jwie pRwn suK dwqy
hir jlu cwiqRk dIjy jI[
Kyl kIAw sic KMf isDwry
ijin ifTw su pwir auqwry[
nwnk dws sbd gur dIAw
gurumuiK AMimRq pIjy jI[53
ies pRkwr imhrbwn ny gurU swihb dI bwxI dI nkl kr ky k`cI bwxI
dI rcnw kIqI qW ik is`K sMgqW ƒ gumrwh kIqw jw sky[ fw. ismrjIq isMG
ilKdy hn ik imhrbwn ny AwpxI kivqw rcx lìgAW ivcwr gurbwxI qoN hI
51
ipAwrw isMG pdm, (sMpw.), bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW kw, pMny, 80-81.
52
auhI, pMnw 53.
53
gurmohn isMG vwlIAw, soFI imhrbwn dI g`d rcnw, pMnw 47.
257
ilAw[ ies leI ies dIAW rcnwvW ipRQI cMd qoN izAwdw mh`qqw r`KdIAW
hn[ ikauNik imhrbwn gurU Arjn dyv jI dI sMgq iv`c irhw sI qy aus ƒ
inrgux qy srgux pRBU BgqI dw kw&I h`d q`k pqw sI[ ies leI aus dI rcnw
dI nuhwr kw&I h`d q`k gurbwxI nwl myl-KWdI qW hY pr pUrn AnuBv dI Gwt
hY[54 mIixAW duAwrw ricq swihq dw AiDAYn kIiqAW pqw c`ldw hY ik ies
dI pRikrqI snwqnI ihMdU pRMprw nwl izAwdw myl KWdI hY[ ijs sdkw ieh
sMpRdwie isDWqk mq-BydW kwrn mu`K Dwrw qoN dUr huMdI clI geI[ BwvyN ik ieh
swihq ivroDwBws iv`coN hI ricAw igAw pr ieh vI ie`k ieiqhwsk q`Q hY ik
keI vwrI ivroDwBws vI koeI swkwrqmk BUimkw inBwA jWdw hY[ ijvyN muZlW
dy gurU Gr nwl ivroD kwrn gurU Arjn dyv jI dI ShIdI hoeI[ pr ies
ShIdI iv`coN hI mIrI-pIrI dw srUp auBr ky swhmxy AwieAw Aqy is`K dw srUp
sMq-ispwhI vwlw bixAw ijs sdkw rwjnIiqk qOr ‘qy vI Drm dI bwhrI
hmilAw qoN rìKAw kIqI jwx l`gI[ mIixAW dy gurg`dI dy ivroD Aqy k`cI
bwxI dy rcx dy krky gurU gMRQ swihb dI sMpwdnw ip`Cy ie`k kwrn ieh vI
mMinAw jWdw hY[ kùJ ivdvwn mIixAW duArw rcy swihq ƒ swihqk nukqy qoN
kw&I au~qm iksm dw mMndy hn[ ijs ivcoN mIixAw dy hwlwqW, aunHW dIAW
Dwrimk rhu-rIqW dI kw&I jwxkwrI imldI hY[ ies ivcwr dI poRVHqw
fw. ismrjIq isMG krdy ilKdy hn ik ‚sB qoN mh`qvpUrx rcnwvW iv`c
goStI swihq hY[ sB qoN v`fI jnmswKI gurU nwnk dyv jI dI ienHW duAwrw rcI
geI[ ies qoN ielwvw mIxw swihq dI ieh ivSySqw hY ik ieh swKI ƒ goStI
rUp iv`c SurU krdy hn pr bwAd iv`c ausƒ vwrqk dw rUp dy idMdy hn‛[ 55
ies swihq dw AiDAYn krn nwl ies sMpRdwie dI sImw ƒ inrDwirq vI
kIqw jw skdw hY[ ienHW rcnwvW dy AiDAYn qoN ieh pqw l`gdw hY ik ieh
54
Simarjit Singh, Demaenaing hte Sikh Tradition, p. 107.
55
Simarjit Singh, Demaenaing the Sikh Tradition, p. 124.
258
swihq iksy socy smJy FMg nwl iksy skIm ƒ nypry cwVHn ih`q ricAw igAw
sI:
“An examination of the Mina literature leaves no room for any doubt that
Prithi Chand from the very begining had embarked on a systematic plan
to groom his son, Miharban, as the future guru of the Sikh Panth. To
make him a perfect and legitimate candidate for guruship, Miharban was
encouraged to compose poetry in the vein of the Sikh Gurus”.56
imhrbwn dI mOq qoN bwAd aus dw pu`qr hir jI aus dw auqrwiDkwrI
bixAw[ hir jI gurU rwmdws jI dw pVpoqrw sI[ ies ny vI ipqw qy dwdy dI
qrHW hI gurU swihb dy brwbr ApRmwixk gurU g`dI clweI qy nwnk Cwp hyT
keI rcnwvW dI rcnw vI kIqI[ pr is`K smwj iv`c ies swihq ƒ k`cI bwxI
dI sMigAw id`qI geI hY[ gurU hirgoibMd jI dy kIrqpur jwx qoN bwAd
imhrbwn ny drbwr swihb AMimRqsr qy kbzw kr ilAw[ mMinAw jWdw hY ik
soFI hir jI dy dyhWq q`k is`KW dw pRmu`K kyNdr mIixAW dy pRbMD hyT irhw[ pRo.
pRIqm isMG dw m`q hY ik ivroD iv`coN aupjI ies sMpRdwie dw itkwxw lgBg
1640 eI. qoN 1696 eI. q`k AMimRqsr iv`c hI irhw[ AMimRqsr dw swrw pRbMD
ienHW soFIAw dy h`QW iv`c hI irhw[ ienHW ƒ hirmMdr swihb qoN ies smyN dOrwn
byd^l krn leI koeI gvwhI nhIN imldI[ Pyr vI sRI hirmMdr swihb iv`c sRI
gurU Arjn dyv jI dI sQwpq poQI ƒ ijauN dw iqauN qKq au~qy ibrwjmwn
rihx id`qw[57 ies qrHW AsIN dyKdy hW ik soFI hir jI ny Awpxy pUrvzW dy
nkSy kdmW qy clidAw swihq isrjxw vI kIqI[ hir jI ricq rcnwvW ies
pRkwr hn:
1) prmwrQ suKmnI shMsrnwmW
2) gosit gurU imhrbwn
56
Dhillon, Balwant Singh, Ibid, p. 55.
57
pRo. pRIqm isMG Aqy fw. joigMdr isMG AwhlUvwlIAw, is`KW dw Cotw myl: ieiqhws qy srvyKx, pMnw 102.
259
3) gosit gurU Amrdws58

fw. blijMdr kOr joSI Anuswr ienHW mIixAW ny gurbwxI dy mukwbly qy
jpu, bwvn A`KrI, suKmnI qy hor Sbd, Slok Awid dI rcnw vI kIqI[59
soFI cqurBuj imhrbwn dw pu`qr qy soFI hir jI dw Cotw Brw sI[ ieh
vI ipqw vWg gurU nwnk bwxI dw cMgw igAwqw sI[ cqurBuj dI SYlI hr qrHW
nwl soFI imhrbwn qy hir jI nwl imldI hY[
soFI cqurBuj ny gurU swihbwn dI iksy vI lMbI bwxI dw tIkw nhIN kIqw[
pr ausny jpu, aAMkwr, Aqy is`D goSit bwxIAW dy tIky kIqy hn[ ausny
gurbwxI dy A`Kr-A`Kr ƒ iDAwn iv`c r`KidAW tIkw kIqw[ ausny tIkw
kridAw ibMbW pRqIkW ƒ bVy cmqkwrI FMg nwl pyS kIqw hY:
‚qb gurU bwbw nwnk jI drgwh qy Pyir ies lok
mih Awey[ qb nwnk krqwrpur mih Awpxy
AwSRm ky ivKy gurU bwbw nwnku jI bYTw hY,
Aru ieik goibMd lok imil kir gurU bwby jI pwis Awey[‛60
jy mIixAW duAwrw kIqI tIkwkwrI dI BUimkw ƒ iDAwn iv`c rìKAw jwvy
qW sB qoN pihlW imhrbwn ny hI vwrqk rUp iv`c tIkwkwrI dw ArMB kIqw[
aus qoN pihlW BweI gurdws dIAw vwrW ƒ gurbwxI dI kwivmeI ivAwiKAw
mMinAw jWdw hY[ BweI gurdws qoN pihlW gurU nwnk dyv jI dy is`KW v`loN v`K-
v`K sQwnW au~pr gurU nwnk bwxI dw jwp, gurbwxI dy prmwrQ qy
ivAwiKAwkwrI mOiKk rUp iv`c hI cldI sI[ ies pRMprw ƒ gurU Amrdws jI ny
22 mMjIAW Qwp ky hor A`gy qoirAw sI[
58
rweyjsbIr isMG, (sMpw.), gurU Amrdws soRq pusqk, pMnw 43.
59
joSI, blijMdr kOr, soFI hir jI vwrqk, pMnw 26
60
260
mIixAW ny sMgqW ƒ Awpxy nwl joVn leI gurbwxI dy tIky ilKxy SurU
kIqy[ pr ienHW duAwrw kIqy prmwrQ, tIky is`K jgq iv`c koeI vI snmwnXog
sQwn nhIN hwisl kr sky[ pr aunHW duAwrw kIqy tIikAW dw AiDAwqimkq
Aqy swihqk mh`qv kw&I ijAwdw hY[ ienHW tIikAW dI pRikrqI AdYÍqvwdI
hY[61 mIixAW sMbMDI imldy auprokq swihq dI mUl pRikrqI gurbwxI isDwqW dy
ivprIq kwrj krdI hY[ ijs iv`c aunHW dy in`jI ih`q hI kyNdr iv`c rihMdy
hn[ Awpxy in`jI ih`qW leI hI auh swihq dIAW iviBMn ivDwvW iv`c mIixAW
dI sRySTqw sMbMDI ausqq krdy hn[ ausqq dw sMbMD auh gurU Gr dy pRmùK
soimAW nwl joV ky kyvl lokipRXqw ih`q is`K sMgqW iv`c Awpxy swihq dw
pRcwr krdy sn[ ies swihq dIAW dovyN hI vMngIAW (pRmu`K S^sIAqW duAwrw
ricAw-swihq Aqy SrDwvwn kvIAW duAwrw ricAw swihq) 17vIN sdI dy
swihq ƒ iviBMn smwijk ieiqhwisk Aqy Dwrimk p`DrW qoN AiDAYn qy
ivSlySx krn dw ie`k mh`qvpUrn sRoq hn[
5.3.2 mIxw sMpRdwie dw smwijk kwrjW iv`c Xogdwn
mIixAW ny ij`Qy swihqk Kyqr iv`c SlwGwXog kwrj kIqy, au~Qy smwijk
Kyqr iv`c vI Xogdwn pwieAw[ ies sMpRdwie dw smwijk kwrjW iv`c
mh`qvpUrx aulyK lok mwnqwvW ƒ pUirAw krn iv` c Aqy smwijk jIvW dy
du`Kw-drdW ƒ dUr krn iv`c hI irhw hY[ ies dI is`DI vwsqy mIxy krwmwq ƒ
zrUrI smJdy sn[ pr gurmiq iv`c krwmwq dw koeI sQwn nhIN hY[ fw.
blijMdr kOr joSI ny mIixAW duAwrw kIqIAW jWdIAW krwmwqw dw aulyK ies
pRkwr kIqw hY ik ‚gurU Gr iv`c krwmwq kihr dw nW qW hY pr ApRmwixk
mIxy gurU lokW ƒ pRBwivq krn leI krwmwqW idKwauxw zrUrI smJdy sn[ hir
jI leI ieh pRis`D hY ik auh krwmwqW ivKw ky lokW ƒ pRBwivq krdy sn Aqy
61
j`gI rqn isMG, pMjwbI swihq dw sroq-mUlk ieiqhws, pMnw 110.
261
mno-kwmnwvW pUrIAW krdy sn[62 ies krky Awm lokW iv`c ieh AKwx pRis`D
hY:
bwbw hirAw BwgI BirAw[
Awvy KwlI jwvy BirAw[
5.4 Bgq BgvwnI sMpRdwie dw Xogdwn
Bgq BgvwnI audwsI sMpRdwie dI pihlI bKiSS hY[ ijs dw sMbMD gurU
hir rwie jI nwl hY[ gurU swihb dI bKiSS Aqy pRyrxw sdkw ies sMpRdwie
dw bhuq ijAwdw ivkws hoieAw[ ies sMpRdwie dy swDUA W ny ij`Qy pUry Bwrq
ivc nwnk nwm lyvw sMgqW nMU gurU Gr nwl joVI rìKAw au`Qy nwl hI gur
AsQwnW dI syvw sMBwl kIqI Aqy DrswlwvW vI kwiem kIqIAW[ ijs dw izkr
inmniliKq kIqw jw irhw hY[
5.4.1 is`KI pRcwr leI bxwey gey kyNdr: rxDIr isMG ny Bgq BgvwnI sMpRdw
dy hyT ilKy sQwnW dw izkr kIqw hY:
1. pYpsU ivc : Bgq Bgvwn jI, sRI gurU hirrwie jI pwsoN ‘audwsI ByK’ dI
bKiSS pRwpq krky sB qoN pihlW ij`Qy JugI pw ky bYTy, auh Amloh
lwgy slwxw, ipMf hY[ Bgq jI dy pVpoqy cyly bwvw grIbdws jI aus
vyly nwl sn[ aunHW ny sMmq sqwrW sY solW ivc iesy QW fyrw lw ilAw,
qy sihjy sihjy Drmswl bMnH leI[ jo ‘kutIAw’ krky mShUr hY[
2. l`fw_ DUrI stySn qoN cwr ku mIl d`Kx-p`Cm ieh ipMf vsdw ie[ Bgq
Bgvwn jI dy cyly tIkw rwm dI lVI ivcoN pMjvyN QW swDU surq rwm jI
bVy Bjn-bMdgI vwly audwsI swDU hoey hn[ aunHW ny ies QW siqgur
nwnk qy sRI gurU hirgoibMd swihb dy crnW nwl CuhI DrqI is\wx ky
sMmq sqwrW sY b`qIhy ivc Awsx jmw ilAw, Aru Drmswlw bxvweI[
62
blijMdr kOr joSI, soFI hir jI dI vwrqk, pMnw 42.
262
3. l`fw v`fw-ies ipMf ivc BI bwvw tIkwrwm dI sryxI dy swDUAW Drmswl

bxweI hY[ eyQoN dy pRbMDkW dI pIVHI ies qrHW bwbw tIkw rwm q`k
phuMcdI hY[ bwvw qolwrwm, lwl munI, grIb munI, rofw dws, kuSldws,
rwmdws, crpt dws, rwmsrn dws, birAwmdws, syvw dws, kwn dws,
ibSn dws, srjU dws, hrIBjn dws, rwmrqn dws, lCmx dws,
mwndws qy nwrwXx dws[
4. l`Cw b`dI- ieh ipMf mlyrkotly lwgy hY[ l`fy vwly sMq surq rwm jI qoN
ATvIN QW bwvw hirkw dws hoey hn[ aunHW ny sMmq aùnIh sY ie`k ivc,
ies ipMf Aw ky, auh itkwxw mìlAw, ij`Qy siqgur nwnk CItW vwly vl
jWdy hoey ivrwjy sn, qy CyvyN pwiqSwh mwlvy dy dOry smyN eyQy pDwr ky
inSwn dyhI kr Awey sn[
5. duMnw kot- ies ipMf ivc BI bwbw tIkw rwm dy cyly qulwrwm jI dI SwK
dy swDUAW Drmswl b`DI hY[ ienHW dI lVI qulw rwm jI qoN mgroN AYauN
cwlU rhI- bwvw hirmkrMd jI, Pqih cMd, ivkRm dws, AMimRq rwm, lok
dws, bRhmdws, imhrdws, swihb dws qy rwm pRswd[
6. bnUV- ieh rwjpury dy ielwky ivc rylvy jMkSn rwjpurw qoN nauN - ds
mIl pUrboqr idSw ivKy pRis`D qy purwxw ngr hY[ sRI gurU hir ikRSn
swihb, kIriqpur qoN id`lI jWdy hoey, ies ngr ivc dI lMGy sn[ ijs
QW GVI ssqwey, aus QW dw pqw krky, bwvw sMiDAw dws jI ny sMmq
ATwrW sY n`vy ivc Xwdgwr kwiem kIqI[
pMjwb ivc sQwn
1. AMimRqsr- AKwVw ibbyksr : rxDIr isMG Anuswr ‚dsvyN pwqSwh qoN
bwAd ivswKI qy idvwlI dy joV myly, mwqw swihb dyvW jI dI qjvIj
263
Anuswr, sRI AMimRqsr ivc l`gx dw PYslw ho igAw sI[ EdoN dy ieh dovyN
myly iesy kyNdrI n`gr ivc sdw lgdy Aw rhy hn[
hornw msMdW vW|u, DUieAw qy bKiSSW dy audwsI swDU BI, ienHW
smwgmW pur siqgurW qy gurmuK is`KW dy drSn krn AwieAw krdy sn[
myly cuMik pMdrW-vIh idn lgwqwr rihMdy sn, ies leI pRdysI is`K-sMgqW dy
ibSrwm vwsqy sujog itkwixAW dI loV pRqIq hoeI[ ijs nUM pUrw krn ihq
buMgy, fyry, DrmswlW qy AKwVy Awid bxwey gey[ ies qrHW dy au`dm-auprwly
dw iek inSwn, ies p`DqI dy swDUAW ibbyksr dy kMFy kwiem kIqw[
ieh AKwVw sMmq sqwrW sY s`qr ibkRmI ivc, kwSI qoN AW ky
bwvw bwlk rwm jI ny sQwipq kIqw[ aunHW qoN bwAd mhMqI islislw ies
qrHW cldw AwieAw: mhMq bwvw dws jI, jogI dws, bRhm hrsuK dws, jY
pRkwS, rwm srn, mgnI rwm, jgq rwm, l`Kw rwm, Awqmw rwm qy moqI
rwm jI[‛63
2. btwlw- gurU nwnk dyv jI dy crn-kmlW nwl pwvn hoeI DrqI dI DUiV
msqk lwvx vwsqy is`K swDU jWdy hn[ aunHW dy ivsrwm dw iKAwl krky,
ies bKS dy swDUAW ny btwly ivKy Drmswlw bxweI hY[ eyQoN dy pRbMDk-
syvk (mhMq) Bgq Bgvwn jI dy cyly bwvw isAwm swgr jI dI SwK ivcoN
sn[ ijnHW dI pRsMglI ies pRkwr hY: bwvw mDusUdn dws, su`K w swihb, cYn
swihb, rwjw rwm, gurdws, gursw rwm, idAwl dws, pRym dws, gMgw rwm,
nwnk pRkwS, jmunw dws qy jqI dws[64
huiSAwrpur ivKy: huiSAwrpur Sihr ivc bwvw iSAwm swgr jI ny Drmswlw
63
64
rxDIr isMG, audwsI is`KW dI iviQAw, pMnw 199.
264
bxweI[ ies sQwn dI pRxwlI : bwvw mDusUdn dws, pRym dws, nwrwiex dws,
Twkur dws qy gMgw dws[65
luiDAwxw- dwKw, ijlHy dw iek ngr hY[ Bgq Bgvwn jI dy gur BweI nwrwiex
dws dI SwK dy swDUAW, ies ngr ivc, DrqI dI auh it`krI l`BI, ijs ny
mwlvy dI PyrI smyN sRI gurU hrgoibMd swihb dy crn prsy sn[ ieQy hI guru
AsQwn bxwieAw[ ies sQwn swDU : bwbw nwrwiex dws dw cylw bwvw hIrw
dws, ausdw sdw nMd, iesy qrHW A`gy islislyvwr rwm idAwl, hir iDAwn
dws, bRhm hrI, mXw rw, ikSn dws qy bwbw mMgl dws[66
i&rozpur: iKVkIAW vwlw, mukqsr ivc Bgq BgvwnI sMpRdwie dw iek Aihm
sQwn hY[ Bgq Bgvwn jI dy cyly bwbw tIkw rwm dI lVI dy swDU Bgvwn dws
ny, sMmq 1945 ivc ies ipMf ivc Aw ky Awsx lwieAw[ ies ngr ivc iek
Drmswl bxvweI Aqy gurmiq dw pRcwr kIqw[ ienHW swDUAW dI pRsMglI ies
pRkwr hY: bwvw tIkwrwm qoN bwAd lVIvwr bwvw qulw rwm, lwl munI, grIb
dws, sMgq dws, rUVw rwm, rwmdws, surq rwm, kuswl dws, rwm srn, syvw
dws, kwnH dws, soBw rwm, kOldws dw cylw bwvw Bgvwn dws[ aus qoN bwAd
islislyvwr mhMq bRhm dws qy kilAwx dws ies sQwn dy mhMq bxy[ 67
lihMdy pMjwb (pwiksqwn) ivcly sQwn
1. s`Xd vwlw: ijlHw SyKUpurw ivc ieh iek Aihm sQwn[
2. AlI pur: ieh pwiksqwn dy ijlHw muj`Pr gVH ivc siQq iek ipMf[
isMD ielwky dy sQwn
iSkwr pur, gVHI XwsIn jo ik ijlHW s`Kr dI iek qihsIl sI, bMgulo
dyro, r`qw dyrw, lwVkwxw, gryl (ijlHw lwVkwxW), mwVI jlbw ky (ijlHw
65
66
67
rxDIr isMG, audwsI is`KW dI iviQAw, pMnw 200-201.
265
hYdrbwd), mwJW (ijlHw krwcI), AwfvwxI iG`tI (hYdrwbwd Sihr), mwVI

jlbwky (hYdrwbwd dw iek ipMf), iKAwqy itMfy mhly (hYdrwbwd Sihr dw iek
mh`lw), snky Sihr (ijlHw krwcI), lkI (Dwrw qIrQ nyVy iek ipMf)[68
au`qr prdys ivc sQwn
nwnk vwVw (hirduAwr), njImwbwd ijlHw ibjnOr (ieh sQwn gurU nwnk
dyv jI dI pihlI audwsI nwl sMbMiDq hY) , bWs brylI (gorK mqy dy nzdIk,
brylI ijlHy dw mu`K ngr) ieh sQwn vI gurU nwnk dyv jI nwl sMbMiDq hY[
cOk sbjI mMfI (lKnaU Sihr), AjùiDAw (srjU ndI dy iknwry gurU nwnk dyv,
gurU qyg bhwdur Aqy gurU goibMd isMG jI nwl sMbMiDq sQwn hY), bMDvw hsnpur
(ijlHw sulqwn pur), icqRkUt, kwSI, pRXwg, Swhjhwnpur, aunwau, gorKpur,
kwnpur, kwSI Aqy mwXw Awid ngrW ivc Bgq BgvwnI sMpRdwie duAwrw hI
Drswlw/gurduAwirAW dw inrmwx krvwieAw igAw sI[69
ibhwr ivcly sQwn
cqrw ijlHw hzwrI bwg, dwaud ngr ijlHw gXw Aqy ptnw Sihr ivc
bwbw Pqih cMd ny sMmq sqwrW sY bwhT ibkrmI ivc Drmswl bxweI[70
5.5 syvw pMQI sMpRdwie

syvw pMQI swDUAW ny gurmiq dy pRcwr leI Aqy loVvMdW dI syvw leI
AnykW hI DrmswlwvW Aqy itkwixAW dw inrmwx krvwieAw[ ijnHW dw vyrvw
ies hyT ilKy Anuswr hY-
5.5.1 syvw pMQI sMpRdwie dw pRcwr ivc Xogdwn
p`CmI pMjwb ivc syvw pMQI sQwn- Bwrq vMf qoN pihlW syvw pMQI swDUAW dw
kwrj-Kyqr pRmu`K rUp ivc ‚AMbwlw, krnwl, shwrnpur, gwzIAwbwd, pwnIpq,
68
69
70
266
kYQl, id`lI, pitAwly, huiSAwrpur, AnMdpur swihb, rohqk, irvwVI,

hirduAwr, mlot Aqy mwCIvwVw Awid Anyk QWvW qy itkwxy bxw ky syvw dw
mhW-X`g jwrI riKAw hoieAw hY[‛71 gurmuK isMG ny syvw pMQIAW dy itkwixAW
dw izkr ies pRkwr kIqw hY- ‚Byrw, imAwxI, nUrpur Ql, fyrw iesmweIl
Kwn, kuSwb, mulqwn, JMg, Swhpur, srgoDw dwierw dIn pnwh, izlHw
muj`Prngr, swhIvwl, kot mulqwn, jMmU, lwhOr Awid sI[ pr dyS vMf mgroN
ieh l`KW rupieAW dI jwiedwd AwlISwn DrmSwlwvW qy fyry C`f ky Bwrq Aw
gey[ ieQy Aw ky ienHW ny bhuq swry SihrW ksibAW ivc fyry qy DrmSwlwvW
kwiem kIqIAW[ A`j klH ienHW dy mu`K kyNdr hn : AMimRqsr, Xmunw ngr,
pitAwlw, goinAwxw mMfI biTMfw, kYQl, rohqk, hirdvwr, huiSAwrpur, ptnw,
id`lI Aqy gwzIAwbwd Awid hn[‛72 ienHW sQwnW qy syvw pMQI swDU gurmiq
pRcwr Aqy sMgqW dI syvw krdy hn[
5.5.2 swihqk Xogdwn
syvw pMQI swDUAW ivc swihq rcx dI pRiqBw bVI aùc pwie dI sI
prcIAW BweI knHeIAw jI

prcIAW BweI syvw rwm jI
prcIAW BweI A`fx Swh jI

poQI AwswvrIAw
sRI sMq rqn mwlHw
bcn goibMd lokw dy

bcn sWeI lokW dy
pwrs Bwg (&wrsI gRMQ kImIAwie sAwdq dw pMjwbI Anuvwd)
71
ipAwrw isMG pdm, is`K sMpRdwvlI, pMnw 81.
72
gurmuK isMG, syvw pMQIAW dI pMjwbI swihq nMU dyx, pMnw 24.
267
msnvI BwKw (msnvI mOlwnw rUm dw pMjwbI ivc sMKyp Anuvwd)
ivvyk swr
swKIAW A`fx Swh
5.5.3 syvw pMQI sMpRdwie vloN kIrqn ivc Xogdwn
BweI sihj rwm jI – pRis`D kIrqnIey sn, jo ik BweI A`fx Swh jI dy smyN
hoey[
BweI rocI rwm jI – Awp dI SKsIAq Aqy kIrqn dI rucI bwry BweI lwl cMd
ilKdy hn ‚bhuVy eyk swD BweI rocI rwm Qy, BweI AwieAw rwm ky dws[ BweI
Kwn ky kot rihqy Qy[ pr prm Bgiq kI sUriq ‘AwT pihr Bjn prwien Qy’
Ar jo imRXwdw swD sMgiq kI bifAW r`KI hY, kQw-kIrqn kI, so iqs mrXwdw
myN pUrn, do vyly kQw hovy, Ar rwq ko kIrqn hovy, hor AwT pihr hI Sbd
bwnI kw pwT krqy rhYN, khwvqy rhyN[‛73
BweI Drmdws jI- ‚BweI AwieAw rwm dy dwsW ivc iek BweI Drmdws jI
sn[ BweI A`fx Swh jI dy joqI joq smwaux ipCoN Swhdry vwlw kQw-kIrqn
dw drbwr ‘eIsy Swh dy kot’ BweI Blw rwm dI hzUrI ivc lgdw sI[ ies
kIrqn cONkI ivc BweI sihj rwm vI Bwg lYNdy sn[ ieh iek AYsw smW sI,
jd kIrqn dIAW pRbIn mhwn hsqIAW ies drbwr ivc Swiml huMdIAW sn[
BweI duK BMjn jI ByrHy vwly, BweI ikSn dws jI mulqwn vwly Aqy BweI Bgqw
jI nUrpur vwly, ies kIrqn drbwr dI soBw nUM cwr cMd lwauNdy sn[ swD
sMgq dI srb sMmqI nwl BweI Drmdws jI ies kIrqn drbwr nMU Swh jIvxy
lY jWdy sn[‛74
73
BweI lwl cMd, sRI sMq rqn mwlHw, pMnw 148.
74
surYx isMG ivlKU, BweI A`fx Swh jIvn qy rcnw, pMny 15-16.
268
BweI drbwrI dws –syvw pMQI pRis`D kIrqnIAW ivc BweI sihj rwm qoN bwAd
BweI drbwrI dws dw nwm bVy siqkwr nwl ilAw jWdw hY[ BweI drbwrI dws
jI syvw Bwvnw Aqy BweI Drmdws dy Ainn SrDwlU iSS sn[ Awp BweI
Drmdws jI dI AwigAw pw ky kIrqn krdy sn[ ‚Ar jo AwigAw krYN BweI
Drmdws jI, so bhuq inmRqw pUrbk kIrqn bhuq pRym sy krihM[‛75
BweI drbwrI dws jI gurmiq dI kIrqn mirXwdw dy bVy murId sn[
ijhVw vI SKs ies pRvwh nUM kbUldw aus aùpr auh bhuq KuS huMdy sn- ‚sdw
sdw iehI imRXwdw QI, jo swD SWqkI (SWq ibrqI vwly) hovy, Ar kQw-kIrqn
ivKy pRIq hovy, sunny AQvw krn mY[ iqn mY qo BweI drbwrI jI AiDk qy
AiDk pRym krqy Qy[‛76
BweI rwm idAwl jI- Awp rbwbIAW Aqy kIrqnIAW nMU bhuq pRym krn vwly
swDU sn[ Awp kIrqn dy rsIey sn[ ‚BeI rwm idAwl jI Sbd-slok nMU sur
qwl ivc pyS kIqy jwx dy eyny rsIey sn ik jy iksy nIc qoN nIc purK duAwrw
vI koeI ivcwr-pUrx quk sur qwl ivc pyS kIqI jWdI sI, qW auh ausnMU su xn
leI Klo jWdy sn[‛77 iek idn iek vysvw dw gwaux suxn leI ruk gey
‚BweI jI kuC rwg ko gwvqy smJqy Qy[ so rs bixAw hUAw Qw[ XW qy BweI jI
iqs vysvw kI Er ip`T krky suxny lwgy[‛78
syvw pMQI fyirAW ivc Aqy sMqW ivc kIrqn nMU pRmùK drjw id`qw igAw
hY[ ‚AYsy sMqW ky lKx gurU jI khy hYN, so qYsy iqnkI AwT phr kQw-kIrqn
mYN pRIq hUeI hY[ Ar jo is`K koeI imly, iqsko BI gurmiq dw G`s pwvyN[‛79
75
76
77
surYx isMG ivlKU, BweI A`fx Swh jIvn qy rcnw, pMnw 17.
78
79
269
BweI ikrpw rwm jI- BweI ikrpw rwm jI ny vI syvw pMQ ivc kIrqn dI
pRMprw nMU inXmq rUp ivc qoirAw[ sRI sMq rqn mwlHw Anuswr ‚BweI mnohr
isMG sUrmy rwgI Aqy ivdvwn kIrqnIey hoey hn[ auh itkwxy dy hjUrI rwgI
sn[‛80 ieh rwgI jdoN kIrqn krdy qW BweI ikrpw rwm jI dIAW A`KW Clk
jWdIAW[ aunHW dy inqnym ivc kIrqn sRvn krnw Swiml sI[
BweI hrI isMG qy BweI guridAwl isMG- syvw pMQI swDUAW ivc iehnW dw nwm
aulyKnIX hY[ ‚BweI imhrw jI swhIvwl vwilAW dy do dws sn[ iek BweI
hrI isMG qy dUjy BweI guridAwl isMG jI[ jdoN BweI imhrw jI suxn Kwlsy dI
Drmswl jWxw cwhuMdy qW BweI hrI isMG aunHW nMU moiFAW qy cùk ky iljWdy
sn[‛81
BweI knHeIAw jI dUjw- Awp BweI jgqw jI dy itkwxy ivc rihMdy sn Aqy
kIrqn dy mwihr sn[
BweI Swm isMG- ‚syvw pMQI bwbw Swm isMG jI pihlW hrI isMG dy ktVy
A`fxSwhIAw dI Drmswl dy cubwry ivc rihMdy sn[ kIrqn krn dy nwl nwl
swihq rcnw vI krdy sn ienHW ny ‘Bgq pRym pRkwS’ – jIvn bwbw shweI
isMG, jIvn isMG qy BweI rwm isMG (itkwxw BweI Blw rwm kot eIsw Swh)
pusqk ilKI jo AxCpI hY[ Awp iek vjy rwq jwgdy sn[ ieSnwn kr ky
grmIAW ivc svyry do vjy Aqy isAwl ivc svyry iqMn vjy SRI hirmMdr swihb
iek GMtw kIrqn krdy sn[ Awp SRI gurU gRMQ swihb dw pRkwS krdy sn, Aqy
Awsw dI vwr dw ibnw nwgw kIrqn krdy sn[ praupkwrI ieqny sn ik
jigAwsUAW nMU gurbwxI dw kIrqn Aqy pwT inSkwm sKwauNdy sn[ ies qoN
auprMq pRSwd Ck ky Awrwm krdy sn[ Swm nMU sRI Akwl qKq swihb kIrqn
krdy sn [ ies qrHW pMjwh-s`T swl Awp ny AwnryrI kIrqnIey dw krq`b
80
81
270
inBwieAw[ Awp dI SKsIAq dy pRBwv dy kwrx Awp dy SrDwlU bhuq ho gey

aunHW ny Awp nUM Awtw mMfI ivc itkwxw lY id`qw ieQy Awp leI bhuq suMdr
iemwrq iqAwr kIqI geI[ AKMf-pwTW dw pRvwh Aqy dovyN vyly kQw-kIrqn
c`lx l`gw[ srIr kmzor hox qy itkwxy ivc hI isrMdw lY ky kIrqn krdy
rhy[ Awpxy syvkW nUM ibnw nwgw drbwr swihb do vyly kIrqn krn leI Byjdy
rhy[ Awp ny keI gurduAwirAW dI syvw krvweI[ Awp sMmq 1983 nMU ivswK nMU
clwxw kr gey[‛82
BweI duK BMjn jI- ‚bydI swihb jI, BweI duK BMjn jI dy kIrqn nMU bhuq
psMd krdy sn[ BweI duK BMjn jI rwgIAW dy bhuq kdrdwn sn[ jd Awp
Byhry ivc sn qW BweI guridAwl, BweI lCmx Aqy BweI cwnx isMG rwgI
Awp pws kIrqn dI cONkI Brdy sn83‛
5.6 inrml sMpRdwie: swihqk Xogdwn
inrml sMpRdwie dy swihqk p`K nMU iviBM n p`KW ivc vMifAw jw skdw
hY[ fw. suirMdr isMG Syrig`l ny inrml sMpRdwie dy ivdvwnW nUM ‚Drm-vyqwvW
(Theologists), ieiqhwskwr, swihqkwrW Aqy gurmiq dy ivAwiKAwkwrW‛84
Awid SbdW nwl pirBwiSq kIqw hY[ fw. Syr isMG inrmly ivdvwnW dI
gurbwxI ivAwiKAw dI phuMc ivDI Aqy idRStI nMU lY ky ivcwr pyS krdy hn ik
‚purwxI dwrSink ivcwrDwrw ny iehnW idl idmwg au`qy fUMGw Asr kIqw
hoieAw sI ies leI iehnW dy iKAwl qy rcnw inrol is`KI mwrg nUM nhIN
drsWdI mu`F qoN lY ky hI ieh vydWqI iKAwl dy pRcwr qy is`KI Drm nMU ausy
purwxy dwrSink rUp ivc pyS krn dw Xqn krdy rhy[‛85
82
83
lwl cMd BweI, SRI sMq rqn mwlHw, pMnw 427.
84
Awlocnw, sMpw. gurcrn isMG, julweI-sqMbr, 1982, pMnw 53.
85
fw. Syr isMG, gurmiq drSn, pMnw 6.
271
ipAwrw isMG pdm ny inrmly sMqW duAwrw rcy swihq dI ivsiqRq sUcI
id`qI hY:
aUDo isMG sRI mhMq (1840-1905 eI.) ABwv rh`s, vrx AwSRm Drm
(sM.)
Arjn isMG munI (1910-1975) inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw, SRI gurU gRMQ
pRym boDnI tIkw (ADUrw)
Awqm dyv isMG – AbydwKMf cMdRmw (sM.)
Awqmw isMG igAwnI – swKI pRmwx (1916)

eISr isMG pM. gurmiq idg ivjX (1909) vwihgurU mMqRwrQ sM. qy
gurmuKI (1901) qy buiD bwriD
sic`dwnMd qy pM. ikRSxdws – gurU nwnk sqoqR rqnwkr (audwsI qy
inrmly ivdvwnW dy 118 sqoqRW dw sMgRih 1915)
sic`dwnMd hrI jI swkSI – keI sMsiRkq gRMQW dy ihMdI tIky
s`dw isMG pM.- AdvYq isDI dI sMsikRq tIkw ‘sugmswr cMidRkw (sM.
1767)
swDU isMG pitAwlw-sMq kMvljIq isMG SwsqRI ny swDU jI dy gRMQW dI sUcI
ies pRkwr id`qI hY[ gur isDWq jXoqI, gur isKXw pRBwkr, sRI mu`K
vwkX isDWq jXoqI (do Bwg), gRMQ ibRqI dIpkw Aqy pWc koS ivvyk, sRI
rwg dw tIkw, dYv pMQ pRdIpkw, dYv gurU isDWq riv, gMgXqI indwn
(AOSDI ivigAwn), auQwnkw sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI kI86 (1898) 540
pMny[ pMcmq l`Cx mix gRMQ dw izkr ipAwrw isMG pdm ny is`K
sMpRdwvlI pusqk ivc kIqw hY[
swDU isMG pIlI BIq – sqXwrQ ibbyk, gurU gRMQ pRdIp (jpu tIkw) 1895
86
kulivMdr isMG dyhrwdUn (sMpw.), inrml pMQ dw smwj nUM bhup`KI Xogdwn, pMny 128-29.
272
Swm isMG – pRXwX sRI gurU gRMQ swihb
Syr isMG – sRI bIr imRgyS guriblws 1935 eI. (2188 pMny)
sMgq isMG –boD pRkwS, mq sMgiR h (1924) ipMgl pRsqwr sMgiR h (1938)
sMpUrx isMG sMq- gurmiq isDWq bXorw, gurmiq isDWq Xog jIvn
gwQw, pRwx sMglI ihMdI (iqMn Bwg) 1901
hkIkq isMG AribMd- Awqm sirqw (jIvnI sMq Awqmw isMG)

hzwrw isMG hWfI vwly- pWc rqnwvlI, bRhmdrsI puSpmwlw,gurigrw
(nOvyN gurW dy slokW dw sMsikRq rUpWqr)
hirBjn isMG- qqvdrpn, qqv BwSw, AdvYqwimRq, gur cirqR cMidRkw
AStWgXog qy jpu dI srlboD ihMdI tIkw
hrdyv isMG- nwrwiex hrI aupdyS (1937)
hrw isMG pM.- AdvYq AnuBv pRkwS (sM.)
kOr isMG – gurU kOmdI (sM.) purwxw cyq isMG nW pRis`D sI[
gxySw isMG- Bwrq mq drpn (1926), ieiqhws inrml ByK (1937),

gRMQ swKI pRmwx, inrml pRboD, inrml vYd, vYd BMfwr, drbwr gweIf,
nnkwnw swihb gweIf, iesqRI icikqsw, Kwlsw ivvwh p`DqI,
AiDAwqm pRkwS stIk, stIk pMj gRMQI, slok shsikRqI smyq gwQw
stIk, suKmnI swihb stIk, jpu jI stIk, myG ibnod pRkwS stIk,
gMgXqI indwn stIk, rihrws stIk, ivAwDI ivnwSk tIkw, bwl
cikqsw, sMQXwivDI, jybI vyd, svrdrpn Aqy ies qoN ielwvw ivdvwnW
ny hor pusqkW dw vI izkr kIqw inrml koS, inrml sMihqw, iSMgwr
sqk, tkymx mukqI Awid[
273
guridq isMG pM. (1852-1941) gurmiq isDWq, vydWq isDWq mukqwvlI,

nYSX kRm isDI, jIvn cirqR, pM. hrI isMG qy gurUAW dy sMsikRq
AStk[
igAwn isMG igAwnI (1822-1941)- ‚SRI gurU pMQ pRkwS (1881),
qvwrIK gurU Kwlsw(1891), SmSyr Kwlsw(1892), rwj Kwlsw(1894),
srdwr Kwlsw(AnauplbD), pMQ Kwlsw(AnauplbD), inrml pMQ
pRkwS (1891), Kwlsw piqqpwvn(1892), sUrj pRkwS (iqMn Bwg),
gurDwm sMgRih(1927), kQw pUrn mwSI, irpudmn pRkwS, BuipMdrwnMd,
qvwrIK AMimRqsr, qvwrIK lwhOr, gurpurb pRkwS, ieiqhws irAwsq
bwgVIAW, AMimRq pRkwS, nIqI pRkwS, Aink pRkwr, dohwvlI, pRSnoqrI,
ByK pRBwkwr, pMjwbI sIhrPI, inrml pMQ gurU pRxwlkw ivRkS, iek
AwXurvYidk gRMQ, svY jIvnI kQw, inrml pMQ pRdIipkw (1891)
Awidk[ies qoN ielwvw aurdU gRMQW dw vyrvw- qvwrIK gurU Kwlsw,
SmSyr Kwlsw, rwj Kwlsw, srdwr Kwlsw, pMQ Kwlsw, qvwrIK sRI
AMimRqsr, gurDwm sMgRih, qvwrIK lwhOr, svwnih aumrI igAwnI
igAwn isMG[‛87
gulwb isMG (1732-), krm ivpwk(1753), BwvrswimRq(1777), moK pMQ
(1778), pRboD cMdR nwtk(1779), AiDAwqm rwmwXx(1782)
goibMd isMG pM. (1899 dyhWq) nXwX mukqwvlI, vydWq pirBwSw qy

vYrwgSqk dy tIky, audXog qQw pRwrbD, ieiqhws gurU
Kwlsw(1899)[ieh pM. inhwl isMG Qohw Kwlsw dy iSS sn[
cMdw isMG svwmI- kQw viKAwn BMfwr (ihMdI)

cMdRj isMG (buD isMG) qrk sMgRih dw sMsikRq tIkw, pRsqwr pRBwkr
87
kulivMdr isMG dyhrwdUn (sMpw.), inrml pMQ dw smwj nUM bhup`KI Xogdwn, pMnw 130.
274
tihl isMG sMq (1831 jnm) AlMkwr swgr suDw, kibq svYXy qy
bwrWmwh Aqy gurmuKI mwrg[
qwrw isMG qrn qwrn – mumkSU boDn pRkwS
idAwl isMG – inrml pMQ drSn (4 Bwg), gXwn BUimkw qy irKIkyS
BUSx[
dyvw isMG mulqwn- AwqmwnuBv ibbyk, supn ivcwr, imRq icMnH pRdIpkw
qy jpu pRdIp (1899 eI.)[
nwnU isMG- sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw tIkw, AiDAwqm rwmwXx qy
hnUmwn nwtk dy tIky[
inhwl isMG Twkur Qohw Kwlsw-(1807-1895), ‘jpu inbMD gUFwrQ pd
dIipkw,’ jwpu dw gurmuKI tIkw-ckRDr cirqR cwr cMidRkw[ gur iblws
gurU goibMd isMG, Kwlsw Sqk, (1898) icMqwmxI[ ieh sMgIq`g vI sn[
inhwl isMG buMgw sohlW- (1814-1887) –mhWvwk pRkwS, Bvswgr syqu,
inrmlw sMpRdw pRkwS, suDwsr Sqk, holI hulws, Amolw holw, dohrw
BydwvlI Awid[
inhwl isMG lwhOrI- (dyhWq 1900) isKI pRBwkr, inrml pRBwkr qy
Akwl nwtk
inhwl isMG vYd kwSI- cwr PkIroN kI cONkVI, cwr nwr kI cONkVI qy cwr
mrdoN kI cONkVI Awidk[
pRym isMG irSIkyS- gurU sqoqr (sM.)
bsMq isMG- sRI gurU gRMQ qy dsm gRMQ-dohW dy tIky (ApRkwSq)
blvMq isMG koTw gurU- ieiqhws gurU kwSI q^q dmdmw swihb, sRI
inrml pMQ boD, jIvn sMq Aqr isMG (AgmAgwD purK)
275
ibSn isMG kRIt- nUrI jIvn, nUrI JlkW, AMimRq bcn, sMq drSn[
Bwg isMG- mlyC mq KMfn

BUp isMG – suDrm mwrg gRMQ[
mMgl isMG – AdvYqWimRq pRboD[ mohn dws – kml PUl pRkwS

mohr isMG Aprw- ibbyk iblws, Pkrnwmw, Brm qoV, bYNqW smJOqy
kIAW
mohr isMG kteI – Xog isKXw pRBwkr
mohr isMG mihmy Swh – Anyk BWqI kwiv rcnw, ies dy g`dIdwr bIr
isMG rMgryj, mnmsqwn, bypRvwh, KUb dXwl isMG, KuShwl isMG Awid
vI cMgy kvI sn[ fyrw lopoN[(durwhy lwgy hY)
ivRMdwbn isMG Awgrw-(1825-1867 eI.) ivhwr ibRMdwbn gRMQ s`qvIN Cwp,
1915 eI. Nvl ikSor pRYs lKnaU,(pMny 500 qoN auqy) (ienHW dy ipqw
idlvwlI svwmI iSv dXwl isMG dy Coty BweI sn[ ibRMdwbn isMG, qyj
pRqwpI inhMg qy inrml ByK dw sMgm sn[)88
1. tIkwkwrI nwl sMbMiDq gRMQ/ivdvwn
igAwnI bdn isMG jI syKvW ny SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw tIkw kIqw
qwrw isMG nroqm –ipAwrw isMG pdm Anuswr qwrw isMG nroqm jI dy
gRMQW dI sUcI ies pRkwr id`qI hY ‚ ‘gurU igrwrQ koS’ 1895-98, ‘gur
qIrQ sMgRih’ 1884, ‘gurmiq inrxX swgr’ 1898, ‘surqru koS, gur
Bwv dIpkw’, ‘moK pMQ pRkwS dI svXM pRBw ivvrx tIkw[ ies qoN
ielwvw sMq kMvljIq isMG SwsqRI ny qyrW gRMQW dI sUcI id`qI hY - sRI
mokS pMQ pRkwS dI ‘svXN pRBw ivivrx tIkw’,sMmq 1922, surqru koS,
sMmq 1923, sRI gurmiq inrxX swgr, sMmq 1934, pRIiKAw pRkrx,
88
ipAwrw isMG pdm, is`K sMpRdwvlI, pMny 68-72.
276
sMmq 1935, Akwl mUriq drSn, sMmq 1935, gurBwv dIipkw(tIkw

jpu, rihrws Awidk), sMmq 1935, Bgq bwxI tIkw, sMmq 1937,
gurqIrQ sMgRih, sMmq 1939, sRI rwg tIkw, sMmq 1940, gur igrwrQ
koS,(do BwgW ivc), sMmq 1942, gurU bMswvlI AQvw gurU bMs qr
drpx, sMmq 1935, klwid SbdwrQ, sMmq 1946[‛89
pMifq igAwnI nrYx isMG mujMgW vwly- SRI gurU gRMQ swihb(1932 eI.)
Aqy dsm gRMQ swihb dy sMpUrx tIky[
sMq inrMkwr isMG jI- bwvn A`KrI dy Swbidk ArQ, s`qy blvMf dI
vwr, jYqsrI dI vwr dy ArQ[
sMq sMpUrx isMG jI- ‘isDWq boDnI tIkw’ (vwrW BweI gurdws Aqy
sveIAW dw), ‘Bgq bwxI mrm boDnI tIkw’ (eysy tIky ivc shsikRqI
slok, Punhy, cOboly, sveIey sRI muKvwk Aqy svèIey B`tW ky Awid
bwxIAW Swiml hn)
sMq igAwnI dl isMG jI- ‘bwvnArQI BwvwrQ pRkwSnI tIkw’ (1898
eI.)
BweI sMqoK isMG jI- nwmkoS (1821 eI.), gurU nwnk pRkwS (1823 eI.),
jpujI tIkw grb gMjnI (1829 eI.), Awqm purwx dw Anuvwd
(ApRwpq), gurpRqwp sUrj gRMQ (1843 eI.)
5.6.1 ividAw dy Kyqr ivc Xogdwn
inrml sMpRdwie dy AKwiVAW ivc gurmuKI Aqy sMsikRq dI ividAw dyx
dw pRbMD ivSyS qOr qy kIqw jWdw hY[ ies qoN ielwvw gurU gRMQ swihb dI sMiQAw
vI id`qI jWdI hY[ ies dy nwl hI vyd, aupinSd, Kt drSn, vydWq, ivAwkrx,
ismrqIAW Aqy gIqw vrgy igAwn dy gRMQW dy pTn pwTn dw kwrj vI kIqw
89
kulivMdr isMG dyhrwdUn (sMpw.), inrml pMQ dw smwj nUM bhup`KI Xogdwn, pMnw 128.
277
jWdw hY[ ivcwr swgr, BwvrswimRq Aqy swrukqwvlI Awid drSn dy gRMQW dI
ividAw vI inrmly swDUAW nMU pRdwn kIqI jWdI hY[ inrmilAW ny AwDuink
ividAk Adwry vI Koly hn[ ijs ivc skUl, kwlj, AweI. tI. AweI. Aqy
AkYfmIAW dw pRbMD vI AwSrm vloN kIqw jWdw hY[ iqMn skUl hn ijnHW ivc
grIb bìcAW nMU muPq ividAw id`qI jWdI hY Aqy skUlW nMU AwDuink qknIk
Anuswr swrIAW shUlqW muhèIAw krvweIAW jw rhIAW hn[ ijs dw nwm
inrml AwSrm dIpmwlw pbilk skUl rìKAw igAw hY[ sMq bwbw Bwg isMG
XUnIvristI vI inrmly sMqW dI hI dyx hY[ ies qoN ielwvw hor vI inrmly sMqW
mhMqW vloN ividAw dy Kyqr ivc ivSyS Xogdwn pwieAw jw irhw hY[
inrml sMpRdwie nMU is`K pMQ dy igAwnAwqm skUl vzoN pRvwinAw igAw
hY, fw. Syr isMG dw ivcwr hY ‚ies sMpRdwie ny bhuq krky sMsikRq dy ivdvwn
pYdw kIqy[ SMkrwcwrX vWg ieh sB vydWqI sn BwvyN aus vWg snwqnI
mUrqIAW dI pUjw qy jq-pwq dI kYd ivc ieh nhIN sn sgoN is`KI BgqI Bwvnw
ivc rqy hoey sn[‛90
ibmwrW leI ielwj dw pRbMD- bhuqy inrmly ij`Qy AiDAwqm dw igAwn r`Kdy
hn auQy nwl hI auh AwXurvyd rwhIN loVvMdW dw ielwj vI krdy hn[ mrIjW
dI hor shUlq leI aunHW ny hspqwlW dw inrmwx vI krvwieAw hY[ iek 1500
ibsqirAW vwlw cYrItybl hspqwl knKl ivKy hY Aqy iek A`KW dw hspqwl
vI bxwieAw hY[
inrmly swDUAW duAwrw kIrqn dI syvw
1. SRImwn sMq bwbw imSrw isMG jI (AMimRqsr)- bwbw imSrw isMG jI gurU
Gr dy pRis`D kIrqnIey sn[ Awp ny kwPI Arsw hirmMdr swihb
AMimRqsr ivKy iblwvl dI cONkI dI syvw inBwauNdy rhy[ ‚Awp dw fyrw
90
fw. Syr isMG, gurmiq drSn, pMnw 6.
278
kIrqn dI tkswl dy rUp ivc pRis`D hY[ ies sQwn qoN AnykW ny
rwg/kIrqn dI isiKAw pRwpq kIqI hY[ ies fyry ivc sMq kpUr isMG jI
(jnm ipMf kYroN, ijlHw AMimRqsr) mhwn rwgI hoey hn, jo sRI hirmMdr
swihb ivc kIrqn cONkI krdy sn[ Awp jI ny rwg ividAw au`pr iek
gRMQ vI iliKAw hY[ ienHW dy cyly BweI mKn isMG, BweI jvwihr isMG,
BweI lwB isMG (iqMn sUrmy) (pRXwgcKSU) Awid sn[‛91 BweI mKn isMG
jI ny 50 swl SRI hirmMdr swihb ivKy ‘qwaus’ Awsw dI vwr dw kIrqn
kIqw[ BweI jvwihr isMG Aqy lwB isMG srMdy dy mwihr mMny gey hn[
sMq igAwnI dieAw isMG qblw vjwaux ivc Xogqw r`Kdy sn[ 33 swl
SRI hirmMdr swihb ivKy cONkI Brdy rhy[‛92
2. mhMq g`jw isMG jI gurduAwrw gurUsr (mrHwl vwly) - mhwrwjw BuipMdr
isMG jI pitAwlw Aqy BweI kwnH isMG nwBw Awp jI dy Swigrd sn[
Awp jI ny SRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy 31 rwgW nUM Su`D rUp ivc sMBwlx
vwsqy sÍr-ilpIAW iqAwr kIqIAW sn[ pr auh au`qm kwrj pRkwiSq
nw ho sikAw[‛93
3. pMifq puSkrw isMG jI bIkwnyr- jo ik jINd (sMgrUr) drbwr dy pRis`D
sMgIq SwSqRI hoey[
4. pMifq inhwl isMG jI Qohw Kwlsw – qblw vwdk hoey hn[ mhwrwjw
nirMdr isMG pitAwlw ny ivSyS qOr qy Awp jI nUM bulw ky kIrqn sRvx
kIqw[
5. hor inrmly sMq kIrqnIey
pMifq hrnwm isMG jI lwhOr vwly
91
blvMq isMG koTwgurU, SRI inrml pMcwieqI AKwVw, pMnw 34.
92
auhI, pMnw 34.
93
blvMq isMG koTwgurU, SRI inrml pMQ boD, pMnw 35.
279
pMifq gMgw isMG jI pRis`D kQwvwck Aqy srMdw qy qwaUs dy igAwqw
mhMq gurid`q isMG jI fyrw ipMf BUMdV

mhMq cMdw isMG jI fyrw mjITw
mhMq gMfw isMG jI fyrw mjITw

mhMq hrnwm isMG jI lwielpur vwly
sMq Pqh isMG jI rwgI fyrw byrIAW vwlw
pMifq eISr isMG jI isqwr dy igAwqw

mhMq krqwr isMG
5.7 gihr gMBIrIey

gihr gMBIrIey sMpRdwie dy moFI bwvw ibSn dws ny swihq dI rcnw vI
kIqI Aqy iesnMU AwpxI pRYs lgvw ky CpvwieAw vI[aunHW ny ijhVIAW rcnwvW
dI rcnw kIqI auh ies pRkwr hn:
1. gihr gMBIr suKwgr
2. gurU nwnk bMswvlI
3. bRihm boD
4. duAwds gRMQI
auprokq crcw dOrwn ieh sihj hI aujwgr ho jWdw hY ik sMpRdwvW vloN
iviBMn kwrj kIqy gey[ kuJ sMpRdwvW ijvyN audwsI, inrmly Aqy syvw pMQIAW
vloN inBwey kwrj is`K Drm dy ivkws ivc iek Aihm Xogdwn r`Kdy hn[
jykr audwsIAW dI g`l krIey qW aunHW dw AMgryzI rwj Awaux qoN pihlW dw
smUihk ikrdwr pRsMsnIX nzr AwauNdw hY[ pr 19vIN sdI ivc kuJ ivlwsI
mhMqW dI kwrgujwrI dw nqIjw swry audwsIAW Aqy is`KW nUM Bugqxw ipAw[
ikauNik gurduAwrw AYkt qoN bwAd audwsI kwnUMnI qOr qy is`KW nwloN v`Kry ho
280
gey[ ies pRkwr kuJ aunHW sMpRdwvW dy kwrjW dw vI izkr ies AiDAwie ivc
kIqw igAw hY, ijnHW dw Asiqqv hI kyNdrI SkqI dy ivroD kwrn bixAw[
aunHW ivc mIxy Aqy DIrm`lIAW dw izkr imldw hY[ iek qIsrI pRikrqI dIAW
sMpRdwvW hn ijnHW dw mu`Flw smW qW gurmiq AnuswrI sI[ pr sMbMiDq sMpRdwie
dy aùqrwiDkwrAW ny gurU Gr dy brwbr gurg`dI vI clweI Aqy hor kwrj vI
kIqy[ ijnHW ivc ihMdwlIey, rwmrweIey (rwmrwie jdoN qk gurU hukm ivc irhw[
ausdw hr iek kdm TIk sI[ pr aus dy gubwxI dI quk bdlx kwrn auh gurU
Gr dy ivroDIAW ivc Swiml ho igAw[), inrMkwrI, nwmDwrI Aqy gulwbdwsI
Awid nUM Swiml kIqw jw skdw hY[
281

Is'K SMPRDWVW: Bhup'Ki Xogdwn

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Is'K SMPRDWVW: Bhup'Ki Xogdwn

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_____________________________________________________________ is`K sMpRdwvW: bhup`KI Xogdwn

is`K sMpRdwvW: bhup`KI Xogdwn

ivSv DrmW dy AiDAYn dOrwn ieh g`l sihj hI idRStIgocr ho jWdI hY

3. audwsI sMpRdwie dw smwijk Kyqr iv`c Xogdwn

Drmswlw sMglWvwlw, Drmswlw mweI mwno,

lihMdw pMjwb : c`k nM: 16 (ijlHw imMtgumrI)

KwhI ghU, ihlwxI

3. bwbw goibMd swihb dy DUxy

bhwdrpur (huiSAwrpur), cIplI (ijlHw bullwxw, bWgr dys), kMBr kMfI

1. Bgq Bgvwn jI dI bKiSS

isMD : iSkwrpur, gVI XwsIs (ijlHw sKr), bMglo Fyro,

pUrbI pMjwb : bihrwmpur, vtwlw, snwvrI, AMimRqsr nUr

5. bKqmlIey bKiSS duAwrw vI v`K v`K sQwnW qy jw is`K Drm dw pRcwr

sRI gurU nwnk inrMkwr dyvqw

3- bcn sMgRih AOr AnmY AMimRqswgr

audwsIAW iv`c swDU AnMdGx dy kIqy jpu jI dy tIky ƒ hI pRmùK mMinAw

surjndws Aqy g`dkwr BweI syvwdws, iSvrwmdws ckrvrqI, gMgySvrwnMd,

pOrwixk rcnwvW- 1) pRSnoqrI svwmI Sukdyv kI 2) bRhm rh`sX 3)

15. AivnwSI cMdr (pMjwbI) 1978

ihMdwlIAW vloN rcI jnmswKI iv`c bwbw ihMdwl dI S^sIAq ƒ gurU

k`Ty ho gey ivkwr smJo[38

10) poQI s`cKMf

chuM pwqSwhIAW dw Sbd bwxI iliK ivc pwieAw[

so srvxI gurU Arjn jI dI pirAw[

mIxy pWdy nI rlw, jo ivc rlw nw DrIey[51

kwiv isrjxw krdy sn[ audwhrx vjoN:

3) gosit gurU Amrdws58

3. l`fw v`fw-ies ipMf ivc BI bwvw tIkwrwm dI sryxI dy swDUAW Drmswl

hYdrbwd), mwJW (ijlHw krwcI), AwfvwxI iG`tI (hYdrwbwd Sihr), mwVI

5.5 syvw pMQI sMpRdwie

kYQl, id`lI, pitAwly, huiSAwrpur, AnMdpur swihb, rohqk, irvwVI,

prcIAW BweI knHeIAw jI

prcIAW BweI A`fx Swh jI

sRI sMq rqn mwlHw

bcn goibMd lokw dy

pwrs Bwg (&wrsI gRMQ kImIAwie sAwdq dw pMjwbI Anuvwd)

msnvI BwKw (msnvI mOlwnw rUm dw pMjwbI ivc sMKyp Anuvwd)

inBwieAw[ Awp dI SKsIAq dy pRBwv dy kwrx Awp dy SrDwlU bhuq ho gey

Awqmw isMG igAwnI – swKI pRmwx (1916)

Swm isMG – pRXwX sRI gurU gRMQ swihb

hkIkq isMG AribMd- Awqm sirqw (jIvnI sMq Awqmw isMG)

gxySw isMG- Bwrq mq drpn (1926), ieiqhws inrml ByK (1937),

guridq isMG pM. (1852-1941) gurmiq isDWq, vydWq isDWq mukqwvlI,

goibMd isMG pM. (1899 dyhWq) nXwX mukqwvlI, vydWq pirBwSw qy

cMdw isMG svwmI- kQw viKAwn BMfwr (ihMdI)

bsMq isMG- sRI gurU gRMQ qy dsm gRMQ-dohW dy tIky (ApRkwSq)

Bwg isMG- mlyC mq KMfn

mMgl isMG – AdvYqWimRq pRboD[ mohn dws – kml PUl pRkwS

sMmq 1935, Akwl mUriq drSn, sMmq 1935, gurBwv dIipkw(tIkw

pMifq gMgw isMG jI pRis`D kQwvwck Aqy srMdw qy qwaUs dy igAwqw

mhMq gurid`q isMG jI fyrw ipMf BUMdV

mhMq gMfw isMG jI fyrw mjITw

sMq Pqh isMG jI rwgI fyrw byrIAW vwlw

pMifq eISr isMG jI isqwr dy igAwqw

5.7 gihr gMBIrIey

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