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1-2
What is Statistics?
GOALS
When you have completed this chapter, you will be able to:
ONE
Understand why we study statistics.
TWO
Explain what is meant by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
THREE
Distinguish between a qualitative variable and a quantitative variable.
FOUR
Distinguish between a discrete variable and a continuous variable.
FIVE
Distinguish among the nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio levels
of measurement.
SIX
Define the terms mutually exclusive and exhaustive. Goals
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Descriptive Statistics:
Metode pengorganisasian, meringkas, danpenyajian data
dalam cara yang informatif.
EXAMPLE 2: According
EXAMPLE 1: A Jajak
to Consumer Reports,
pendapat Gallup mene
General Electric washing
mukan bahwa 49%dari
machine owners reported
orang-orang dalam
9 problems per 100
suatu survei
machines during 2001.
yang tahunama buku pe
The statistic 9 describes
rtama dari
the number of problems
Alkitab. 49 statistikmen
out of every 100 machines.
ggambarkan jumlah dar
i setiap 100 orangyang t
ahu jawabannya. Types of Statistics
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Inferential Statistics:
Sebuah keputusan, estimasi, prediksi, ataugeneralisasi ten
tang suatu populasi berdasarkansampel.
Sebuah
A Sample is a
Populasi portion, or part,
adalahs a of the population
Collection of of interest
all possible
individuals,
objects, or
measurements of
interest.
Types of Statistics
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Types of Statistics
(examples of inferential statistics)
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Types of Variables
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Types of Variables
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Types of Variables
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Types of Variables
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Levels of Measurement
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Nominal level
Data that is
classified into
categories and
cannot be arranged
in any particular
order.
Nominal data
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Mutually exclusive
An individual, object, or
measurement is included in only
one category.
Exhaustive
Each individual, object, or
measurement must appear in one
of the categories.
Levels of Measurement
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Interval level
Similar to the ordinal level, with the additional
property that meaningful amounts of differences
between data values can be determined. There is no
natural zero point.
Temperature on the
Fahrenheit scale.
Levels of Measurement
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Levels of Measurement