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Voltage – insulation levels – Clearances

NEA standardized the following voltage for transmission as 132, 220, 400kV

External Insulation levels

The external insulation levels corresponding to and in accordance with the IEC 61936-
1standard are indicated in the table below:

It must be noted however that because of the high risk of lightening, the highest insulation
levels are chosen so as to minimize the risk of overvoltage that could cause damage.

In the voltage range under and including 245kV the choice is based on the rated lighting impulse
withstand voltages and the rated switching impulse withstands voltage for the voltage range
over 245kV.

Nominal Voltage Highest voltage Rated short Rated lightning Minimum phase
of system Un KV for equipment duration power impulse to earth and
Um kV frequency withstand voltage phase to phase
withstand voltage 1.2/50µs (peak clearance mm
kV Value) kV
132 145 275 650 1300
220 245 460 1050 2100

Nominal Highest Rated Rated Rated Minimum Minimum


Voltage of voltage for lightning switching switching phase to phase to
system Un equipment impulse impulse impulse earth phase
KV Um kV withstand withstand withstand clearance clearance
voltage voltage voltage mm mm
1.2/50µs phase to phase to
(peak earth phase
Value) kV 250/2500µs 250/2500µs
(peak Value (peak value
kV) kV)
400 420 1300/1425 1050 1575 3400 4200

Altitude correction of external clearances

According to the IEC standard 60071-2 over 1000m above the sea the clearance in air due to
variation of the density of air has to be corrected with a correction factor Ka.

Ka =em{H/(8510)}
Where,
m = 1 for co-ordination lightning withstand voltages

m = 0.65 for co-ordination switching impulse withstand voltages in the case of phase to earth
insulation

m = 1 for co-ordination switching impulse withstand voltages in the case of phase to phase
insulation.

Altitude above 132kV 220kV 400kV


the sea m Min. Phase-earth Min. Phase-earth Min. phase-earth Min. phase-phase
& Phase-phase & Phase-phase clearance mm clearance mm
clearance mm clearance mm
H<1000 1300 2100 3400 4200
1000<H<1500 1560 2520 3842 5040
1500<H<2000 1664 2668 3978 5376
2000<H<2500 1768 2586 4148 5712

Phase to earth design conditions

For the design and the verification of the towers to phase to earth clearance, the three following
conditions have to be applied, for an altitude under 1000m.

Nominal Voltage of Condition 1 Condition 2 Condition 3


system Un kV Weather Condition: EDC Weather condition: Weather condition:
( No Wind , Average Reduce wind/ Average High Wind/ Avg
temperature) Min. temperature Minimum temp/Min. phase-earth
phase-earth clearance phase-earth clearance Clearance mm
mm
132 1300 870 435
220 2100 1400 700
400 3400 2270 1335

For an altitude over 1000m, the correction about the external clearances, has to be applied

 For condition 2 the minimum phase-earth clearance is 2/3 of the one for the condition 1
 For the condition 3 the minimum phase-earth clearance is 1/3 of the one for the condition 1.
Clearance between wires

Distances between phase conductors and between conductors and ground wires
The minimum distance between phase conductors as well as between phase conductors and
overhead ground wires will be calculated according to the following formulas:
 Distance between phase with single conductors:
Ecs= 0.6m’.{√(f+1)} +t1.√3

The terms 0.6m’.{√(f+1)} in the formula takes into account the asynchronous position of two
wire under conditions
 Distance between phase with bundle conductors:
ecj = ecs +a

Where,

m’ = overload coefficient with reduced wind

f = median line sag at the maxi. Temp of wire

l = length of suspension insulator assembly

t1 = minimum tension clearance (t1= 0.0025U)

a = distance between conductors of the same bundle (0.40m or 0.060m)

Clearance to Obstacles

The maximum clearance retains between the conductors of lines and the obstacles are as
follows:

Feature Feature Required Vertical Clearance (m) Comments


Code Description 132kV 220kV 400kV
10 Natural Land 6.5 7 9
20 Cultivated Land 7 7.5 9.5
30 Tree 5 5 5
40 Building 5 5 5
50 Road 8 8 8
55 Highway 9 9 9
60 River & water area 6.5 6.5 6.5 Line above
the. flood
Max level of
non-navigable
river
70 Telecommunication 3 4 5
Line
80 Railways Track non 18 18 18 Clearance
electrified above the
Railway
tracks
90 Railways Track 4 4.5 5 Clearance
electrified above the
Catenary of
the railway
100 66kV Line and 3.5 5 5.5 Above or
Lower below
110 132kV Line 3.5 5 5.5 Above or
below
120 220kV Line 5 5 5.5 Above or
below
130 400kV Line 5.5 5.5 5.5 Above or
below
This distance refers of the maximum conductor temperatures, without wind.

To the above clearances an additional clearance of 0.20m is added during the studies to provide
uneven ground profile, survey and Sag errors.

Towers

Given the consistency of terrain that exist five type of supports are sufficient to economically
meet virtual all condition condition of use. The function and conditions of use of each of these
types are defined hereafter:

Type of Tower Designation of Stringing Usage


Towers
Tangent Tower A Suspension Up to 2 deg. Line
angle
Small Angle Tower B Suspension & Tension Up to 15 deg. Line
angle
Medium Angle Tower C Tension Up to 30 deg. Line
angle
Large Angle Tower& D Tension Up to 60 deg. Line
Dead end Tower angle
Special Tower E Tension Towers required for
long spans and major
crossings (rivers,
Valley..)
Length of sections and spans

The max. Length of a section in a plain terrain shall be limited to 15 spans or 5km and 10 spans
or 3km in hilly terrain.

The values given below for the wind & weight spans are the ones to follow for the predesign of
the lines. For the real design, these values can be changed in order to obtain the best technical/
economical compromise solution.

132kV Line

Plain Terrain:

Wind Span (m) Max. Weight Min. Weight Comments


Span (m) Span (m)
Suspension 350 500 100 No Uplifts
Tension 350 500 -250
small/Medium
Angle
Tension Large 350 500 -250
Angle

Hilly Terrain

Wind Span (m) Max. Weight Min. Weight Comments


Span (m) Span (m)
Suspension 350 700 100 No Uplifts
Tension 350 700 -500
small/Medium
Angle
Tension Large 350 700 -500
Angle
220kV Lines

Plain Terrain

Wind Span (m) Max. Weight Min. Weight Comments


Span (m) Span (m)
Suspension 400 600 100 No Uplifts
Tension 400 600 -300
small/Medium
Angle
Tension Large 400 600 -300
Angle

Hilly Terrain

Wind Span (m) Max. Weight Min. Weight Comments


Span (m) Span (m)
Suspension 400 800 100 No Uplifts
Tension 400 800 -400
small/Medium
Angle
Tension Large 400 800 -400
Angle

400kV Lines

Plain Terrain

Wind Span (m) Max. Weight Min. Weight Comments


Span (m) Span (m)
Suspension 500 700 100 No Uplifts
Tension 500 700 -400
small/Medium
Angle
Tension Large 500 700 -400
Angle

Hilly Terrain

Wind Span (m) Max. Weight Min. Weight Comments


Span (m) Span (m)
Suspension 500 1000 100 No Uplifts
Tension 500 1000 -500
small/Medium
Angle
Tension Large 500 1000 -500
Angle

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