Download & Upgrade SAP Kernel: Step by Step

Tutorial
What is a Kernel?
 The Kernel is a central program which acts as an interface between SAP
application and operating system.
 The Kernel consists of the executable programs that reside under the path
"/sapmnt/<SID>/exe" (UNIX) or \usr\sap\SID\SYS\exe\run (Windows)
 These files help startup the R/3 system, initialize the memory, create buffers
and start managing the requests from users and effectively utilizing of
hardware resources.
 The kernel is also responsible for starting and stopping all the application
services like dispatcher, message server, collector etc.

Why Kernel Upgrade?

 SAP Kernel is the core of the application. Like all other applications, the
Kernel contains the executable files (.EXE files for stating various processes
in SAP).
 The Kernel is the heart of the operating system. It contains those files which
are used to run every event in SAP. E.g.|: starting database, shutdowns of the
database, starting sap, shutdown of sap, saposcol, to uncar the sap files etc.
 That's the reason why when a Kernel upgrade is done it means new versions
of the various EXE files replace the older versions.

How to check Kernel Version?

There are many ways to check the Kernel Version -

Method 1) Logon to SAP system and go to SM51 à Release Notes

Method 2) Logon to SAP system and go to System tab in the menu bar and
select Status
Method 3) Logon in operating system, switch to user <SID>adm and give the
command disp+work

You can also give disp+work –version

Download Kernel from Service Marketplace
 Go to "SAP Service Marketplace. " (https:\\service.sap.com) You will need
your OSS ID and password.
 Then go to Downloads à SAP Support Packages -> Entry By Application
Group -> SAP Kernel 6.00 64 Bit -> Select your OS
(LINUX/WINDOWS/SOLARIS/AIX) -> Database Dependent and Database
independent Kernel Patch.
 Two SAR files SAPEXE.SAR and SAPEXEDB.SAR are downloaded from
Service Marketplace.
 Database Independent

Database Dependent: ORACLE

Kernel Upgrade Steps:
Step 1: Create a new Directory at OS level with enough space. Name of Dir can be
"exe_new<ddmmyy>".

Step 2: Transfer these SAPEXEDB.SAR & SAPEXE.SAR files which you have
downloaded to the new directory at OS level.

Step 3: Change your current directory to path .SAR files are created (cd
/sapmnt/PR2/exe_new20122006). Check the directory path with command 'pwd' to
ensure you are in the same dir (exe_new<ddmmyy>).

Step 4: Now uncompress these. SAR files by sapcar exe. The command used for
the same would be

SAPCAR –xvf sapexe. SAR

SAPCAR –xvf sapexedb.SAR

Step 5: Now create one more directory in that path with the name
"exe_old<ddmmyy>". Take the backup of existing kernel.Copy (only copy not move)
the existing kernel from exe directory to "exe_old<ddmmyy>"

Step 6: Now stop the SAP application. (For kernel upgrade the shutdown of
database is not essential but we need to stop the SAP application)

stopsap r3

Step 7:

Then copy the files from the new kernel directory exe_new<ddmmyy> to the existing
kernel directory exe
cp -rp /sapmnt/<SID>/exe_new<ddmmyy>/* /sapmnt/<SID>/exe/

Step 8: This will copy / replace all the files in the existing kernel directory with a new
kernel files.

Then check the kernel version from OS level by the command disp+work. It should
show that the patch number has been increased.

Step 9:

Then logon to OS level as root (specific to UNIX). In the kernel directory, there is a
script called saproot.sh. Execute this script

./saproot.sh <SID>

Step 10: This script assigns the correct permissions to all the executable programs
in the kernel such br* file etc...

Step 11:

Then start the SAP system

startsap r3

Step 12: Now you can also check the kernel version level from SM51 or by selecting
system à status