12.

The component of the pulmonary artery wedged pressure (PAWP) trace which most
accurately reflects the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure is:

A. The peak of the 'V' wave.

B. The trough of the 'X' descent.
C. The peak of the 'A' wave.
D. The trough of the 'Y' descent.
E. The mean value of the PAWP.

13. The Left Ventricular End-Diastolic Volume (LVEDV) of an adult at rest is

approximately:

A. 25 - 50 mls.
B. 51 - 75 mls.
C. 76 - 100 mls.
D. 101 - 125 mls.
E. 126 - 150 mls.

14. The Left Ventricular End-Systolic Volume (LVESV) of an adult at rest is

approximately:

A. 0 - 10 mls.
B. 11 - 25 mls.
C. 26 - 50 mls.
D. 51 - 75 mls.
E. 76 - 100 mls.
15. The effect of the loss of atrial systole on cardiac output is to reduce ouput by about:

A. 0 - 5%
B. 6 - 10%
C. 11 - 20%
D. 21 - 40%
E. 41 - 60%
16. The effect of the loss of atrial systole on cardiac output is to reduce ouput by about:

A. 0 - 5%
B. 6 - 10%
C. 11 - 20%
D. 21 - 40%
E. 41
17. The best indicator of the adequacy of systemic oxygen delivery in a patient with
haemorrhagic shock is:

A. Oxygen flux.
B. Arterio-venous oxygen content difference (Ca-vO2).
C. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2).
D. True mixed venous partial pressure of oxygen (PvO2),
E. True mixed venous oxygen content (CvO2).- 60%
A patient in an intensive care unit has the following haemodynamic measurements made:

18. Mean Systemic Arterial Pressure (MAP) 80 mm Hg.

Mean Central Venous Pressure (CVP) 10 mm Hg.
Cardiac Output (CO) 5.0 l/min.
Mean Pulmonary Arterial Pressure (MPAP) 35 mm Hg.
Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) 20 mm Hg.

19. The systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is:

A. 14 dynes.sec.cm-5.
B. 300 dynes.sec.cm-5.
C. 350 dynes.sec.cm-5.
D. 960 dynes.sec.cm-5.
E. 1120 dynes.sec.cm-5.

20. In this Left Anterior Oblique view of the heart, the artery indicated by the figure "2"
is:

A. Left Anterior Descending.

B. 1st Diagonal
C. Obtuse Marginal
D. Circumflex
E. Septal

21. Which artery is NOT a branch of the internal carotid artery?

A. Middle cerebral
B. Anterior cerebral.
C. Posterior cerebral.
D. Choroidal.
E. Retinal.

22. Afferent fibres from the carotid sinus travel via the:

A. Glossopharyngeal nerve.
B. Vagus nerve.
C. Cervical sympathetics.
D. Recurrent laryngeal nerve.
E. Accessory nerve.

23. This cardiac rhythm is:

A. 1st degree Heart Block

B. Mobitz type 1 block.
C. Mobitz type 2 block.
D. Complete heart block.
E. None of the above.

24. The ECG below is most compatible with:

A. Acute inferoposterior myocardial infarction.

B. Acute anterolateral infarction.
C. Acute inferior myocardial infarction.
D. Acute inferior myocardial infarction with subendocardial ischemia of anterolateral
wall.
25. This ECG shows evidence of two electrolyte abnormalities. They are likely to be:

A. Hyperkalaemia and hypocalcaemia.

B. Hypokalaemia and hypocalcaemia.
C. Hyperkalaemia and hypercalcaemia.
D. Hyponatraemia and hypocalcaemia.
E. Hyperkalaemia and hypercalcaemia.

26. The lateral chest lead shown below is most likely to represent:

A. Sinus tachycardia.
B. Ventricular tachycardia.
C. Atrial fibrillation.
D. Atrial flutter with 1:1 response.
E. Atrial flutter with 2:1 response.
27. The abnormalites in this ECG are most consistent with a diagnosis of:
A. Right Bundle Branch Block.
B. Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome.
C. Hypothermia.
D. Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome.
E. Hypercalcaemia.