Phytochemical Anacardic Acid, the Natural

Antibiotic Alternative with No Side Effects

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have found a bioactive compound for the replacement of

antibiotics with no side effects, some studies suggested.

Infection is a human disease characterized by the invasion of an organism that

multiplied in the specific tissue or organ.

In the bodily injury due to physical impact, the white blood cells of the immune
first line of defense stimulates the production of proteins associated with the
coagulation to cover the wound against the entrance of the microorganisms and
inflammatory cytokines to kill off the infectious pathogens before they can
enter the body and cause damage.

Most microorganisms were killed in the acute phase of the infection.

The infection is progressing through 5 stages, including

1. The incubation stage is a stage that the microorganisms have successfully
entered the host and started a period of multiplication. At this period patients do
not experience any symptoms.

2. The prodromal stage, followed after the incubation period, after gaining the
strength in numbers and continued multiplication, the presence of the invasive
pathogens is noticed by the immune system, leading to an
immune systematic response. At this period, patients may experience symptoms
fever, pain, and swelling.

3. The stage of illness is a stage that a disease is formed with signs and
symptoms of the disease are most obvious and severe.

4. The stage of decline, the stage that saw the immune system has won the
battle. In this stage, the number of pathogens and the signs and symptoms of
illness begin to decline.

5. The stage of convalescence is a stage of recovery.

Some scientists in the study of the immune evolution suggested that the
immune system is designed to kill off invasive pathogen in 3-8 weeks,
otherwise, it will adapt to the change, leading to diseases associated with
chronic infection.

Anacardic acids are phenolic lipids, phytochemicals of the organic acid found
abundantly in cashews, mangoes, etc.

The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or
infectious agents that comprises the body's defense system against diseases.
The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing
infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play an
important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and
bacteria attacks.

With an aim to find a natural antibiotic for the replacement of conventional

medicine for the prevention and treatment of microbial infection, researchers
examined the anacardic acid mixture antibacterial quorum sensing (QS), which
is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that controls a large number of
systems affecting pathogenicity.

An anacardic acid mixture (AAM) use in the experiment was produced by the
A. adstringens hexane extract (HE) in bacterial strain Chromobacterium
violaceum.

By comparing the 2 extracts, researchers found that

* HE induced a 91.6% of inhibition of the violecin production at 55 μg/mL
concentration, whereas AAM showed 94% of inhibition at 166 μg/mL.

* Interestingly, both extracts were found to inhibit violacein production with

affecting the viability of the bacterium.
* Furthermore, AAM inhibited the substance which stimulates redox cycling in
bacteria (pyocyanin 86% at 200 μg/mL) and glycolipid biosurfactants of
bacterial structure (rhamnolipid, 91% at 500 μg/mL) production in a
dose/response form and decrease the elastase (75% at 500 μg/mL) activity in P.
aeruginosa without affecting its development.

Where violecin is a naturally-occurring bis-indole pigment with antibiotic

properties produced by the bacteria.
These results indicated that Anacardic acid disrupts the quorum sensing (QS) of
bacteria through inhibiting the substances which play a critical role for
microbial survival in cell-cell communication.

Dr.Castillo-Juárez I, the lead scientist said, " anacardic acids mixture isolated
from A. adstringens demonstrated anti-QS, it could be further exploited for
novel molecules to treat the emerging infections of antibiotic-resistant bacterial
pathogens".

Additionally, in the evaluated new anacardic acid, 6-[16'Z-nonadecenyl]-

salicylic acid (1), along with seven known compounds isolated from the bark of
Amphipterygium adstringens using a bioassay-guided fractionation method,
researchers showed that compounds 1-4 exhibited antibacterial activity against
Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis with minimum inhibitory
concentrations ranging from 7 to 104 µg mL and from 12 to 126 µg mL.

Where compounds 1-4 are 6-[16'Z-nonadecenyl]-salicylic acid (1), 6-[8'Z-

pentadecenyl] salicylic acid (15:1 anacardic acid) (2), 6-nonadecenyl salicylic
acid (anacardic acid 19:0), (3), 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid (anacardic acid 15:0)
(4).

Taken altogether, anacardic acid and its bioactive derivatives may be

considered antibiotics alternative for the prevention and treatment of bacterial
infection with no side effects

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers
have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine
articles, article base, health blog, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate
GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ
by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington
Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as
international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Amphypterygium adstringens anacardic acid mixture inhibits quorum
sensing-controlled virulence factors of Chromobacterium violaceum and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Castillo-Juárez I, García-Contreras R, Velázquez-
Guadarrama N, Soto-Hernández M, Martínez-Vázquez M. (PubMed)
(2) Isolation of the new anacardic acid 6-[16'Z-nonadecenyl]-salicylic acid and
evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and
Porphyromonas gingivalis by Rivero-Cruz BE, Esturau N, Sánchez-Nieto S,
Romero I, Castillo-Juárez I, Rivero-Cruz JF.(PubMed)