Syllabus in PERSONS and FAMILY RELATIONS 1

SYLLABUS IN Persons and Family Relations

I. Preliminary Title — Obra, et al. vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 120852, October 28,
1. Chapter 1: Effect and Application of Laws [Arts. 1-18, NCC] 1999
a. Publication and Effectivity of Laws [E.O. 200, June 18, 1987]
— Tañada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, December 29, 1986 f. Independent Civil Actions
— Tanada vs. Tuvera, G.R. No. 63915, April 24, 1985 — Rule 111, Sec. 3, Revised Rules of Court
— Samson vs. Daway, et al., G.R. Nos. 160054-55, July 21, 2004
b. Mandatory Effect of Laws [Arts. 526, 2154 and 2155, NCC] — Hambon vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 122150, March 17, 2003
c. Prospective Application of Laws; Exceptions
— Art. 4, New Civil Code g. Prejudicial Questions
— Arts. 2252-2269, New Civil Code — Sections 5 and 6, Rule 111, Revised Rules of Court
— Art. 22, Revised Penal Code — People of the Phil. vs. Delizo, G.R. No. 141624, August 17, 2004
— Columbia Pictures, Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 110318, — Pahang vs. Vestil, et al., G.R. No. 148595, July 12, 2004
August 28, 1996
II. A. The concept of a 'person' and 'personality'
d. Repeal of Laws
— Art. XVIII, Sec. 3, 1987 Constitution ARTS. 37-39, Civil Code
— Frivaldo vs. COMELEC, et al., G.R. No. 120295, June 28, 1996
Classes of persons and their distinctions
e. Ignorance of the Law Elements of civil capacity
— Elegado vs. Court of Tax Appeals, G.R. No. L-68385, May 12, 1989 Juridical capacity v. personality
Juridical capacity v. capacity to act
f. Judicial Decisions
— D.M. Consunji vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 137873, April 20, B. Commencement and termination of personality
2001
1. Natural Persons
g. Applicability of Customs
— Art. XII, Sec. 5, 1987 Constitution a. Birth
— Rule 129, Sec. 2 and Sec. 3, Revised Rules of Court Arts. 40-41, Civil Code
— In re: Sycip, Salazar, Feliciano, Hernandez & Castillo, et al., G.R. No. 1987 Constitution, Art. II, Sec. 12
X92-1, July 30, 1979 P.D. 603 [Child and Youth Welfare Code], Art. 5
Art. 164, Family Code
h. Computation of Time/Legal Periods Arts. 256-259, Revised Penal Code (RPC)
— Rule 22, Revised Rules of Court
— Estanislao, et al. vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 143687, July 31, Cases:
2001 *Quimiguing v. Icao, 34 SCRA 132
Continental Steel v. Montano, GR 182836, 13 October 2006
i. Nationality Rule
— Art. 15, New Civil Code b. Death
— Art. 26, par. 2, Family Code Art. 42, Civil Code
— Bellis vs. Bellis, G.R. No. L-23678, June 6, 1967 *Butte v. Manuel Uy & Sons, Inc. 4 SCRA 526

j. Conflicts Rules Art. 43, Civil Code

— Aznar vs. Christensen-Garcia, G.R. No. L-16749, January 31, 1963 Rule 131 Sec 3(jj)-(kk), 1989 Revised Rules on Evidence

2. Chapter 2: Human Relations [Arts. 19-36, NCC] *Joaquin v. Navarro

— Sergio Amonoy vs. Spouses Jose Gutierrez, et al., G.R. 140420,
February 15, 2001 2. Juridical Persons
— University of the East vs. Jader, G.R. No. 132344, February 7, 2000 Arts. 44-47, Civil Code
BP Blg. 68 (Corporation Code), Secs. 2, 4, 17
a. Duty to Act With Justice, Observe Honesty and Good Faith Arts. 1767-1768, Civil Code
— Nikko Hotel Manila Garden, et al. vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 154259, February *Municipality of San Fernando v. Judge Firme, GR No. 52179, April 1991
28, 2005
— Capitle, et al. vs. vda. de Gaban, et al., G.R. No. 146890, June 8, 2004 C. Restrictions on Civil Capacity

b. Actions for Breach of Promise to Marry 1. Presumption of Capacity

— Art. 1403 (2) (c), RA 386 Catalan v. Basa, GR No. 159567, July 31, 2007
— US vs. Limcangco, G.R. No. L-3766, October 18, 1907
— Bunag, Jr. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 101749, July 10, 1992 2. Restriction on capacity to act
Arts. 38-39, cf. Art. 1327 Civil Code
c. Unjust Enrichment
— H.L. Carlos Construction vs. Marina Properties Corp., G.R. No. 147614, (a) Minority
January 29, 2004 1. Age of majority, RA 6809
— University of the Phil. vs. Philab Industries, Inc., G.R. No. 152411, 2. A.M. No. 03-02-05 SC Rules on Guardianship
September 29, 2004 3. Suffrage, Sec. 1, Art. V, 1987 Constitution [cf. Sangguniang Kabataan]
4. Marriage, Family Code Art. 5; 45(1); cf. RA 6809
d. Rights to Personal Dignity and Privacy 5. Contracts
— Concepcion vs. Court of Appeals, et al.., G.R. No. 120706, January 31, Arts 1327; 1390 (1); 1403(3); 1397; 1399; 1489; 1426-1427, Civil Code
2000
Case:
e. Liability of Public Officers Mercado v. Espiritu, 37 Phil. 215
Syllabus in PERSONS and FAMILY RELATIONS 2

6. Criminal Liability — Arts. 55-70, New Civil Code

Arts 12(2)-(3), RPC — Arts. 3-4, Family Code
Art. 13(2), RPC; Secs. 189-204, PD 603 — Sec. 455, (b) (1) (xviii), R.A. 7160 (Local Government Code)
Case: — Escleo vs. Dorado, A.M. No. P-99-1312 July 31, 2002
Atizado v. People, GR No. 173822, 13 October 2010 — Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000
Also see: Rule 3, Section 5, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure — Republic of the Phil. vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 103047,
September 2, 1994
b. Insanity Case: Republic v. Dayot, GR No. 175581, 28 March 2008
1. Marriage, FC 45(2)
2. Contracts, Arts. 1327(1), 1328, Civil Code 5. Other Requirements
3. Criminal Liability, Art. 12(1), RPC; Rule 101, Rules of Court — Arts. 54-71, New Civil Code
Case: — Arts. 92-96, New Civil Code
Hernandez v. Santos, GR No. 169217, 7 August 2009 — Arts. 6-25, Family Code
— Sec. 3, R.A. 6809
c. Deaf-Mutism, Arts. 1327(2), 807 & 820, Civil Code — Sec. 7, Act No. 3753, November 26, 1930
d. Prodigality, Rule 92, Section 2, Rules of Court — Sec. 20, Act No. 3753, November 26, 1930
e. Civil Interdiction, Arts. 31, 34 & 41, RPC — P.D. No. 965, July 20, 1976
f. Family Relations — Beso vs. Daguman, A.M. No. MTJ-99-1211, January 28, 2000
— Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000
FC 150-151; cf FC 87
Arts. 1490; 2035 cf. 963-967, Civil Code 6. Marriages Celebrated Outside the Philippines
— Arts. 15 & 17, New Civil Code
g. Alienage, cf. Art. IV, Secs. 1-5, 1987 Constitution — Art. 66, New Civil Code
Case: Cordora v. COMELEC, February 19, 2009 — Art. 71, New Civil Code
— Art. 75, New Civil Code
h. Absence, Arts. 381-396, Civil Code; Art. 411, FC — Art. 124, New Civil Code
i. Insolvency and Trusteeship, Arts. 1381, 1491, 2236, Civil Code — R.A. No. 8171, October 23, 1995
j. Gender, Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. Art. 403, Civil Code — E.O. No. 227, July 17, 1987
See also: Rule 3, Section 4, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure — Art. 10, Family Code
— Art. 21, Family Code
D. Domicile and residence of persons — Art. 26, Family Code
1. Juridical persons, Art. 51, Civil Code — Sec. 6, E.O. No. 292, July 25, 1987
2. Natural Persons, Art. 50, Civil Code; Arts. 68-69 FC; cf. Art. 110, Civil — Amended Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A. No. 8171, August 5,
Code; cf. FC 55, 101, 149, 152, 101 1999
Case: Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300 — DOJ Opinion No. 11, s 1990
— Roehr vs. Rodriguez, et al., G.R. No. 142820, June 20, 2003
III. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY CODE — Garcia vs. Recio, G.R. No. 138322, October 2, 2001
Case: Dacasin v. Dacasin, GR No. 168785, 5 February 2010
A. Effect and Retroactivity
E.O. 29, as amended by E.O. 227, RA 8609, RA 7160 7. Void Marriages
FC 255 — Arts. 80-83, New Civil Code
Case: Fuentes v. Roca, GR No. 178902, 21 April 2010 — Arts. 390-391, New Civil Code
— Arts. 886 & 888, New Civil Code
B. Repeal/Amendment — Art. 908, New Civil Code
FC 254, 255 — Arts. 963-967, New Civil Code
— Art. 1061, New Civil Code
IV. MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES — Art. 2035, New Civil Code
Marriage — Art. 4, par. 1, Family Code
1. Concept — Arts. 35-42, Family Code
— Art. II, Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution — Arts. 44 & 50, Family Code
— Art. XV, Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution — Art. 53, Family Code
— Art. 1, Family Code — Arts. 68-73, Family Code
— Art. 149, Family Code — Art. 101, Family Code
— Art. 52, New Civil Code — Art. 102 (4), Family Code
— Art. 220, New Civil Code — Arts. 147-148, Family Code
— Rule 131, Sec. 3, 1989 Rules on Evidence — Art. 176, Family Code
— Art. 237, Family Code
Case: Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, 4 August 2003 — Art. 255, Family Code
Case: Mecaral v. Velasquez, A.C. No. 8392, 29 June 2010 — Art. 246, Revised Penal Code
— Arts. 344 & 349, Revised Penal Code
2. Stipulations Relating to Marriage — Sec. 2, E.O. 227, July 17, 1987
— Acebedo vs. Arquero, A.M. No. P-94-1054, March 11, 2003 — A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003
— Estrada vs. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003 — R.A. No. 6809
— R.A. No. 8533
3. Essential Requirements Cases:
— Arts. 53-54, New Civil Code — Buenaventura vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. Nos. 127358 & 127449,
— Art. 2, Family Code March 31, 2005
— Art. 4, Family Code — Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 126010, December 8,
— Art. 5, Family Code 1999
— Art. 57, P.D. 603 — Marcos v. Marcos, G.R. No. 136490, October 19, 2000
Case: Harayo vs. Coliflores, A.M. No. MTJ-92-710, June 19, 2003 — Choa vs. Choa, G.R. No. 143376, November 26, 2002
Case: Silverio v. Republic, 22 October 2007 — Chi Ming Tsoi vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 119190, January 16,
1997
4. Formal Requirements Case: Alcazar v. Alcazar, GR 174451, 13 October 2009
Syllabus in PERSONS and FAMILY RELATIONS 3

— Chi Ming Tsoi vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 119190, January 16,
8. Voidable Marriages 1997
— Arts. 15 & 17, New Civil Code
— Arts. 886 & 888 New Civil Code Property Relations Between Husband and Wife
— Arts. 1335-1344, New Civil Code 1. General
— Arts. 147-148, Family Code — Arts. 74-81, Family Code
— Art. 344, last paragraph, Revised Penal Code
— Art. 349, Revised Penal Code 2. Marriage Settlements
— Arts. 351-352, Revised Penal Code — Arts. 75-81, Family Code
— R.A. No. 6955 — Art. 22 (7), Family Code
— Sec. 44 (e), RA 296 — Toda, Jr. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 78583-84, March 26, 1990
— Arts. 85-91, New Civil Code
— Art. 132 (4), New Civil Code 3. Donations by Reason of Marriage
— Art. 2266 (2), New Civil Code — Art. 44, Family Code
— Art. 4, par. 2, Family Code — Arts. 81-87, Family Code
— Arts. 45-54, Family Code — Locquiao Valencia, et al. vs. Locquiao, et al., G.R. No. 122134, October
— Art. 198, Family Code 3, 2003
— Art. 237, Family Code
— Supreme Court Admin.Circular No. 35-04, August 12, 2004 4. Absolute Community of Property
— Rule on Declaration of Absolute Nullity of Void Marriages and — Arts. 88-104, Family Code
Annulment of Voidable Marriages, A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003 — Valdes vs. RTC, Branch 102, Quezon City, et al., G.R. No. 122749, July
— Republic of the Phil. vs. Dagdag, G.R. No. 109975, February 9, 2001 31, 1996

9. Common-Law Marriages 5. Conjugal Partnership of Gains

— Art. 147, Family Code — Arts. 105-133, Family Code
— Rule 131, Sec. 3, Revised Rules of Court — Homeowners Savings & Loan Bank vs. Dailo, G.R. No. 153802, March
— Joaquino vs. Reyes, et al., G.R. No. 154645, July 13, 2004 11, 2005
— Niñal vs. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000
6. Separation of Property
Legal Separation — Arts. 143-146, Family Code
1. Concept — Yao vs. Perello, et al., G.R. No. 153828, October 24, 2003
— Pacete, et al. vs. Carriaga, et al., G.R. No. L-53880, March 17, 1994
— Tenchavez vs. Escaño, et al., G.R. No. L-19671, November 29, 1965 7. Property Relations of Unions Without Marriage
— Arts. 147-148, Family Code
2. Grounds — Francisco vs. Master Iron Works & Const. Corp., et al., G.R. No.
— Art. 97, New Civil Code 151967, February 16, 2005
— Art. 55, Family Code
— Art. 101, Family Code Family Relations
— Art. 247, Revised Penal Code — Arts. 149-151, Family Code
— Arts. 333 & 334, Revised Penal Code — Art. 1109, New Civil Code
— Hernandez vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 126010, December 8, — Art. 2035, New Civil Code
1999 — Art. 20, Revised Penal Code
— Art. 247, Revised Penal Code
3. Procedure — Art. 332, Revised Penal Code
— Rule on Legal Separation, A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC, March 4, 2003 — Rule 16, Sec. 1 (j), 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure
— Tuason vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 116607, April 10, 1996 — Modequillo vs. Breva, et al., G.R. No. 86355, May 31, 1990

4. Defenses Paternity and Filiation

— Arroyo vs. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 96602, November 19, 1991 1. General
— Art. 143 (a), PD 1083, February 4, 1977
5. Liquidation — Rule 108 Sec. 2 (m), Revised Rules of Court
— Art. 63 (2), Family Code
— Bañez vs. Bañez, G.R. Nos. 132592 & 133628, January 23, 2002 2. Legitimate Children
— Arts. 163-171, Family Code
6. Effects of Decree of Legal Separation — Art. 59, PD 1083, February 4, 1977
— Bañez vs. Bañez, G.R. Nos. 132592 & 133628, January 23, 2002 — Art. 62, PD 1083, February 4, 1977
— Rule 131, Sec. 3 (dd), Revised Rules of Court
Rights and Obligations of Spouses — Rule 131, Sec. 4, Revised Rules of Court
— Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution — Babiera vs. Catotal, G.R. No. 138493, June 15, 2000
— Art. XIII, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution
— Art. 11(2), Revised Penal Code 3. Proof of Filiation
— Art. 247, Revised Penal Code — Arts. 265-268, New Civil Code
— Art. 15, New Civil Code — Art. 2260, New Civil Code
— Arts. 109-117, New Civil Code — Art. 2266 (3), New Civil Code
— Art. 753, New Civil Code — Arts. 172-174, Family Code
— Art. 2035 (4), New Civil Code — Art. 58, PD 1083, February 4, 1977
— Arts. 68-73, Family Code — Art. 63, PD 1083, February 4, 1977
— Art. 101, Family Code — Rosendo Herrera vs. Rosendo Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005
— Art. 128, Family Code
— Art. 198, Family Code 4. Illegitimate Children
— R.A. No. 7192 — Arts. 276-289, New Civil Code
— R.A. No. 8187 — Art. 834, New Civil Code
— Ilusorio vs. Bildner, et al., G.R. Nos. 139789 & 139808, May 12, 2000 — Art. 887(4) & (5), New Civil Code
— Art. 2260, New Civil Code
Syllabus in PERSONS and FAMILY RELATIONS 4

— Art. 2264, New Civil Code — Art. 236, Family Code

— Arts. 175-176, Family Code — Art. 156, PD 603, December 10, 1974
— Sec. 5, 4th par., Act No. 3753, November 26, 1930 — Art. 77, PD 1083, February 4, 1977
— R.A. No. 9255, February 24, 2004 — Art. 177, PD 1083, February 4, 1977
— Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A. No. 9255 — Sec. 3(d), (f) & (i), Rules and Regulations to Implement the Domestic
— CSC Admin. Order No. 01-04 - Rules and Regulations Governing the Adoption Act of 1998, December 8, 1998
Implementation of R.A. No. 9255 — Sec. 4 (1) and (1.2), Rules and Regulations to Implement the Domestic
— Rosendo Herrera vs. Rosendo Alba, G.R. No. 148220, June 15, 2005 Adoption Act of 1998, December 8, 1998
— In the matter of the Adoption of Stephanie Nathy Astorga Garcia, G.R. — Sagala-Eslao vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 116773, January 16, 1997
No. 148311, March 31, 2005
Surname
5. Legitimated Children — Art. 176, Family Code
— Arts. 269-275, New Civil Code — Art. 189 (1), Family Code
— Arts. 177-182, Family Code — Art. 193, last par., Family Code
— Sec. 8, Act No. 3753, November 26, 1930 — R.A. No. 9048, March 22, 2001
— Abadilla vs. Tabiliran, Jr., Adm. Matter No. MTJ-92-716, October 25, — R.A. No. 9255, February 24, 2004
1995 — CSC Admin. Order No. 01-04, May 14, 2004
— Art. 39 (3), PD 603, December 10, 1974
Adoption — Art. 42, last par., PD 603, December 10, 1974
1. Domestic Adoption — R.A. No. 6809
— R.A. No. 8552 (Domestic Adoption Act of 1998), February 25, 1998 — Rule 99, Sec. 5, Revised Rules of Court
— Rules and Regulations to Implement R.A. No. 8552, December 8, 1998 — In the matter of the Adoption of Stephanie Nathy Astorga Garcia, G.R.
— SC Cir. No. 12-86, October 2, 1986 No. 148311, March 31, 2005
— A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC, July 31, 2002
— Lahom vs. Sibulo, G.R. No. 143989, July 14, 2003 Absence
— Art. 83 (2), New Civil Code
2. Intercountry Adoption — Arts. 381-392, New Civil Code
— R.A. No. 8043 (Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995), June 7, 1995 — Arts. 41-44, Family Code
— Rules and Regulations on Inter-country Adoption, December 26, 1995 — Art. 11 (2), PD 1083, February 4, 1977
— Amended IRR on Inter-Country Adoption, January 8, 2004 — Art. 98, PD 1083, February 4, 1977
— Republic of the Phil. vs. Alarcon Vergara, G.R. No. 95551, March 20, — Art. 143 (c), PD 1083, February 4, 1977
1997 — Rule 72, Sec. 1 (m), Rules of Court, January 1, 1964
— Rule 73, Sec. 4, Rules of Court, January 1, 1964
Support — Rule 107, Secs. 1-8, Rules of Court, January 1, 1964
— Rule 61, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure — Rule 131, Sec. 5 (x), Rules of Court, January 1, 1964
— Gan vs. Reyes, G.R. No. 145527, May 28, 2002 — Rule 131, Sec. 3 (w), Revised Rules of Court
— Armas vs. Calisterio, G.R. No. 136467, April 6, 2000
Parental Authority
1. General Emancipation and Age of Majority
— Art. 176, Family Code — RA 6809
— Arts. 209-215, Family Code — Arts. 397-406, New Civil Code
— Arts. 17-26, PD 603, December 10, 1974 — Arts. 234-237, Family Code
— Art. 13 (3), PD 1083, February 4, 1977 — Art. 228 (3), Family Code
— Arts. 71-73, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 — Art. 77 (1), PD 1083, February 4, 1977
— Art. 76, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 — Rule 97, Sec. 3, Rules of Court, January 1, 1964
— Briones vs. Miguel, et al., G.R. No. 156343, October 18, 2004 — Re: Application for Admission to the Phil. Bar vs. Vicente D. Ching, B.M.
No. 914, October 1, 1999
2. Substitute and Special
— Arts. 216-219, Family Code Funerals
— St. Mary’s Academy v. William Carpitanos et al., G.R. 143363, February — Arts. 305-310, New Civil Code
6, 2002 — Sec. 50 (a), Act No. 1956, May 20, 1909
— Art. 85, Revised Penal Code
3. Effect — Art. 153, last par., Revised Penal Code
— Art. 135 (3), Family Code — Art. 2165, New Civil Code
— Arts. 220-227, Family Code — Art. 2219 (9), New Civil Code
— Art. 58, PD 603, December 10, 1974 — Art. 2244 (1), New Civil Code
— Arts. 74 and 75, PD 1083, February 4, 1977 — Sec. 13 (b), RA 1161, June 18, 1954
— Rule 93, Sec. 7, Rules of Court, January 1, 1964 — Sec. 13-B, RA 8282, May 1, 1997
— Lindain vs. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 95305, August 20, 1992 — Sec. 23, RA 8291, May 30, 1997
— People of the Phil. vs. Werba, G.R. No. 144599, June 9, 2004
4. Suspension or Termination
— Art. 34, Revised Penal Code Civil Register
— Art. 278 (4), Revised Penal Code — Arts. 407-413, New Civil Code
— Sec. 3, RA 6809, December 13, 1989 — R.A. No. 9048, March 22, 2001
— Sec. 10 (c), RA 7610, June 17, 1992 — P.D. No. 651, January 31, 1975
— Sec. 5 (g), RA 8369, November 28, 1997 — OCRG Admin. Order No. 1-01, IRR of R.A. No. 9048, July 24, 2001
— Sec. 2 (c) (i), RA 8552, February 25, 1998 — NCIP Adm. Order No. 01-98, June 9, 1998
— Sec. 2 (c) (iii), RA 8552, February 25, 1998 — Act No. 3753 (Law on Registry of Civil Status), November 26, 1930
— Sec. 3(b), (c) & (d), RA 8552, February 25, 1998 — NSO Admin. Order No. 1-93, IRR of Act No. 3753, December 18, 1992
— Sec. 16, RA 8552, February 25, 1998 — OCRG Administrative Order No. 1-88, October 17, 1988
— Art. 135 (3), Family Code — E.O. No. 157, February 15, 1994
— Art. 141 (5), Family Code — OCRG Administrative Order No. 2-93, January 6, 1993
— Art. 189 (2), Family Code — Tan Co, et al. vs. Civil Register of Manila, G.R. No. 138496, February
— Arts. 228-233, Family Code 23, 2004