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WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

Introduction

Earlier large part of the world was designed such that men could only set up enterprises
Women by compulsion of situations took up income generating activities (Their men
were either not there or they would not or could not take responsibilities of sustaining the
family)

It was rare that the property would be handed over to the daughters

The role of women has ranged from a deity to devdasi, from being pure to vulgar, from
supreme to downtrodden

It has undergone dramatic changes from one era to another

This created problems for contemporary women in experiencing a continuity of their


identity within the society.

A new structure and form then emerged


Context of change
• Increasing globalization
• Impact of technology
• Impact of media
• Impact of other cultures
• Impact of social, cultural and political influences from various parts of the world.

Context of growing up for women in last half of century


Mass
Education

Context
Socio Cultural
Context Political ideology
of governance

Industrialization

Women have to play multiple roles like a wife, mother, and daughter. Simultaneously in
social setting she has to play different roles in a community

Playing these roles women sometimes submerged her own self role and her own real
identity.
Earning quick money was basic reason for women to start a new venture along with deep
rooted independence and desire for doing something meaningful with their time
Women with high education view it as a challenge while women with no education find
entrepreneurship merely as a means for earning money.

It has been seen compared to men women are less concerned with making money and
often start a new venture as a result of career dissatisfaction.

They find entrepreneurship as a tool for meeting their career and childcare role.

Most business owners are either housewives o fresh graduates engaged in traditionally
women oriented business like garments, beauty care and fashion designing.

Concept of Women Entrepreneurs

May be defined as a women or a group of women who initiate organize and run a
business enterprise.

Status of Women entrepreneurship in India

As per the 1991 census 4.5% of the total self employed persons were women. Most of
them were engaged in unorgansied sectors like agriculture, agro based industries,
handicrafts and handlooms.

During 1995-96 nearly 11.2% of the total self employed persons were women.Again
most of them were in low paying, low skilled, low technology, and low productivity jobs
in the rural and unorganized sector.

Earlier entrepreneurship was just an extension of kitchen activities mainly the 3 Ps viz
pickles, powder and papad.

Push and pull factors induced Indian women to start their own enterprise
With growing awareness and education women have started shifting from 3 P’s to 3 Es
viz engineering, electronics and energy.

Profile of a women Entrepreneur

• First born child of middle class


• College educated
• Married
• Early 30’s
• Desires Independence
• Self confident
• Moderate risk taker
• High tolerance for ambiguity
• Problems faced by her is lack of training in business and finance
Qualities of a women entrepreneur.
• Accepts challenges
• Hard working
• Patient
• Optimistic
• Ambitious
• Educated
• Perseverance

Problems Faced by Women Entrepreneurs


• Family responsibilities
• Social attitude
• Low mobility
• Lack of education
• Low need for achievement
• Shortage of finance
• Stiff competition
• Low risk bearing ability

Government Support to Women Entrepreneurs

1. Seed Capital Scheme


• Govt provides 10% of the total cost of the project to unemployed youths
and women.
• The maximum seed capital available if 5 lakhs
• Qualification should be 7th std and should be between 18-50 years of age
• The seed capital granted is to be paid within the period of 7 years
2. National Equity Fund
• Implemented by National Bank or State finance Corporation
• No condition of age or education
• 10% of the project cost to be contributed by the individual
• 15% to be granted by the bank towards capital @ 10% equity fund as loan.
75% of the project cost granted by bank as loan.
3. Prime Minister’s employment guarantee scheme, central govt’s scheme for
educated unemployed
• Minimum qualification is 10th std
• Maximum age limit is 35 years
• 95% of the loan is granted by the bank15% Subsidy is available that is
remitted by the central govt to the bank
• The income limit of the parent’s should not be more than 24000 p.a for
availing loan under this scheme.
4. Women Industries Fund Scheme
• Women get 15% seed capital of the total cost. It is restricted to 1 Lakh
• Cost of project not to exceed 10 lakhs
• Women entrepreneur to contribute 10% of the total project cost

5. Single Window Scheme


• Applicable for projects where total expenses is upto 20 lakhs
• Loan to be repaid within one year
• Entrepreneur’s share to be 25%

6. Joint loan scheme


• Artisans living in rural areas where population is around 5 lacs get loans to
purchase instruments and meeting working capital needs.
• Rs 50000 is the ceiling and loan is to repaid within 8 years
• No restriction of age or qualification

7. Subsidy on Interest scheme


• Implemented by Indian Finance corporation
• Subsidy is granted on loans up to 10 lacs
• The industry should be run by women entrepreneur her contribution being
51%

Others

Mahila Arthik Vikas Mahamandal


• Objective is economic and personality development of the needy women in
Maharashtra
• Gives training and employment opportunities
• Training regarding Industry ,business, electronics etc
• Self employment schemes include vehicle licensing scheme, food centers,
sugar packing jobs, Zunka Bhakar Kendras at all ST depos

Scheme by Banks
• Mahila Udyog nidhi and Mahila Vikas nidhi
• Launched by IDBI
• Provides finance up to 10 lacs
• Provides assistance for training and also support
• Manufacturing, tourism hotel consultancy etc are applicable under this scheme
Stree Shakti Yojana of SBI
• Women should have 50% stake in business
• Loan up to 25000 are provided to women professionals

NABARD is promoting entrepreneurship among rural women by providing assistance


by granting credit to omen in their non farm activities, marketing of non farm
products and also training

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