Carly Cavagnaro 

Ecology: 
-What types of organisms are producers? What types are consumers? What types are 
decomposers? 
Producers are plants that can make their own food. Consumers are animals who can’t 
make their own food. Decomposers decompose other organisms like mushrooms. 
-Identify three things that decrease population size. 
Death, disease, and emigration. 
-Identify 2 things that increase population size. 
Immigration and birth.  
-What do the water, nitrogen and carbon cycles do? 
The water cycle transfers water to earth and atmosphere, nitrogen and carbon cycles 
transfer nitrogen and carbon between the atmosphere and earth 
 
Evolution: 
-Identify Charles Darwin’s 2 Theories. 
He came up with evolution and the idea of natural selection.  
-What are Linnaeus’ 2 contributions? 
Linnaeus contributed the idea of taxonomy and binomial nomenclature  
-What are the 7 levels of the taxonomic hierarchy? 
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order,Family, Genus, Species.  
-If humans and whales share the same kingdom, phylum, and class, and dogs and 
bears share the same kingdom, phylum, class, and order. Which pair is most closely 
related and why? 
The dogs and bears are more closely related because they have 4 levels in common 
and the human and whale only have 3 in common. The more levels the more 
common. 
 
Genetics: 
-What are the three major processes that involve DNA and/or RNA? 
Replication, transcription and translation 
-What are the products of each of these processes? 
Replication makes two identical strands of DNA. Transcription is when DNA is turned 
into RNA by mRNA (messenger RNA). Translation is when it makes a protein 
-What are the 2 enzymes used during DNA replication? 
DNA helicase and DNA polymerase  
-What is the enzyme used during Transcription? 
RNA polymerase  
-What are three differences between DNA and RNA? 
DNA is double stranded, has A T C G and DNA has deoxyribose.  
-What is a nucleotide and what are the three parts of a nucleotide? 
A nucleotide is the smaller parts of a DNA strand The 3 parts are base, phosphate and 
sugar. 
-What are the 4 RNA bases? 
AU CG 
-What are the 4 DNA bases? 
AT CG 
-What is the structure of DNA called? 
Double helix 
-Who discovered DNA structure? 
Dave Watson 
-Who is Gregor Mendel? 
Gregor Mendel was a scientist and made the discovery of genetics.  
-What are Gregor Mendel’s 3 contributions to science? 
Hereditary, Law of segregation, Law of assessment 
-What is a punnett square used for? 
Used to predict and outcome of a particular cross or breeding in two parents offspring 
-Define genotype and phenotype. 
Genotype is the genetic trait. The phenotype is the physical trait.