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TOEFL TEST
SECTION 1
LISTENING COMPREHENSION

In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability to understand
conversation and talks in English. There are three parts to this section, with special direction for each
part. Answer all the questions on the bases of what is stated or implied by the speakers you hear. Do
not take notes or write in your test book at any time. Do not turn the pages until you are told to do so.

Part A
Directions: In Part A you will hear short conversation between two people. After each conversation,
you will hear a question about the conversation. The conversations and questions will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best answer.
Then, your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the
letter of the answers you have chosen.

Listen to an example. Sample Answer

A
On the recording, you will hear: A B
(man) That exam was just awful. A C
(woman) Oh, it could have been worse. A
(narrator) What does the woman mean?
D
A

In your test book, you will read: (A) The exam was really awful.
(B) It was worst exam she had ever seen.
(C) It couldn’t have been more difficult.
(D) It wasn’t that hard

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You learn from the conversation that the man thought the exam was very difficult and that the
woman disagreed with the man. The best answer to the question, “What does the woman mean?”
is (D), “it wasn’t that hard.” Therefore, the correct choice is (D).

Wait

Go on to the next page

1. (A) She wants the man to make a reservation
for her.
(B) They don't need a reservation tonight.
(C) They should make reservations for next
weekend.
(D) She thinks the restaurant will be crowded
tonight.
2. (A) Get her watch fixed.
(B) Purchase a watch for the man.
(C) Cancel the next meeting.
(D) End the meeting early.
3 (A) Take the class with a different professor
(B) Take a class in a different subject.
(C) Ask the professor if she can take the class.
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(D) Complete the required courses this term.
4. (A) He isn't sure who won the game.
(B) The game won't be played until next week.
(C) It started raining after the game was over.
(D) It probably will rain next week.
5. (A) The book had been misplaced on the shelf.
(B) He can probably get a copy of the book for
the woman.
(C) He will call the warehouse to see if the
book is available.
(D) The woman should check to see if other
bookstores have the book..
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6. (A) He used to have problems doing the
assignments. 10. (A) He didn't know that David was having a
(B) The woman should become a tutor. problem.
(C) The woman won't have difficulty in her (B) The woman doesn't know much about
next class. accounting.
(D) The woman needs help with her (C) David hasn't started working on his project
assignments. yet.
(D) David is going to ask the woman for help.
7. (A) Buy the cheaper ice cream.
(B) Buy the brand of ice cream he usually buys. 11. (A) Invite his family to go to Alaska with him.
(C) Choose an ice cream that tastes good. (B) Get advice on how to organize the trip.
(D) Get ice cream at a different store. (C) Make a flight reservation as soon as
possible.
(D) Borrow money from his family.

8. (A) He didn't enjoy the game because the team 12.(A) He'd like to go for a walk another time.
lost. (B) He doesn't want to walk in the rain.
(B) He's impressed by the efforts of the team. (C) He's on his way to check out a book.
(C) The woman is wrong about who won the (D) He only has time for a short walk.
game.
(D) The players could have won if they'd tried 13. (A) She doesn't speak French very well.
harder. (B) She may be too busy to help.
(C) She didn't attend the French Club
9. (A) The woman already knew about the meeting yesterday.
increase in fees. (D) She hadn't heard about the
(B) The dorms will be cheaper than off- activities fair.
campus housing.
(C) The woman thinks the man should move 14.(A) She needs to relax.
out of the dorm. (B) The man should try harder to concentrate.
(D) The woman is pleased she won't have to (C) She has almost finished the reading
pay the higher fees. assignment.

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(D) The music will bother her.
15. (A) Speak to his previous employer.
(B) Get a job working on campus.
(C) Attend the career services workshop.
(D) Get a job application form from her.
16. (A) She will wash the sweater.
(B) The sweater has the wrong label.
(C) The man can get another sweater.
(D) The manufacturer will repair the sweater.
17. (A) He's very busy Friday night.
(B) He hasn't seen his parents for a long time.
(C) He's sorry that he missed dinner.
(D) He accepts the woman's invitation.
18.(A) Discuss her report with the man.
(B) Give the man her history notes.
(C) Work on an assignment.
(D) Answer the man's questions.
19.(A) She's going to spend the whole year in New
York.
(B) She plans to travel somewhere other than
New York.
(C) She decided not to take a vacation this
year.
(D) She won't be able to travel until later in the game.
year.
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20.(A) She doesn't think that she looks like the
student.
(B) Many of her students look alike.
(C) She isn't related to the student.
(D) Her daughter isn't in her class.
21.(A) The woman will probably not be able to get
the call she's waiting for.
(B) The woman's phone call isn't important.
(C) He'll call the phone company for the
woman.
(D) He'll try to repair the "woman's phone.
22.(A) He also plans to drop a class.
(B) He also waited in line for a long time
today.
(C) He doesn't know where to go to drop a
class.
(D) He missed the deadline for dropping a
class.
23.(A) The man should use a new printer.
(B) The man's primer isn't set up correctly.
(C) There is nothing wrong with the man's
printer.
(D) She can't help the man right away.
24.(A) The woman should wear his scarf to the
(B) It will be cold at the game.
(C) The woman should borrow another sweater.
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(D) He'll go home and get another scarf.
28.(A) He was pleased with the art in the
25.(A) She understands why the man seems collection.
unhappy. (B) He prefers small art exhibits to large ones.
(B) She will help the man change his diet. (C) He hasn't visited the art gallery yet.
(C) The man should see a doctor. (D) He doesn't enjoy going to art galleries.
(D) The doctor has already explained the
problem to her. 29.(A) He'd like to invite the woman for lunch..
26.(A) The number of people who voted was very (B) He didn't expect to join the woman for
low. lunch.
(B) The vote was very close. (C) He can help the woman solve the math
(C) Congressman Baker didn't run for office. problem.
(D) She was not pleased with the results. (D) He wants to postpone his lunch meeting
with the woman.
27.(A) He's sorry that the woman didn't like the
book. 30.(A) Vote for the man.
(B) He can order the math book for the (B) Read the man's speech.
woman. (C) Introduce the man to the class president.
(C) It's too late for the woman to get a refund. (D) Tell her friends to vote in the election
(D) The woman bought the book less than ten
days ago.
.
Part B

Direction:In this part of the test, you will hear longer conversations. After each conversation, you
will hear several questions will not be repeated.

After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best
answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that
corresponds to the letter of the answers you have chosen.

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Remember, you are not allowed to take notes or write in your test book.
31.(A) The early history of bookbinding.
(B) How old books become valuable.
(C) Economical ways to protect old books.
(D) Why some books deteriorate. .
32.(A) They are often handled improperly by
readers.
(B) The paper is destroyed by chemicals.
(C) The ink used in printing damages the
paper.
(D) The glue used in the binding loses its
strength.
33.(A) They are difficult to read.
(B) They are slowly falling apart.
(C) They were not made from wood pulp.
(D) They should be stored in a cold place.
34.(A) It's very expensive.
(B) It hasn't proven to be totally effective.
(C) It can be damaging to some books.
(D) It can't be used on books published
before 1850.
35.(A) Get some books for the man to look at.
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(B) Ask the man to look over her notes.
(C) Continue her research in the library.
(D) Find more information on how books
are preserved.
36.(A) To plan an exhibit of the student's
artwork.
(B) To discuss different whaling techniques.
(C) To prepare for a visit to a museum.
(D) To review information for an
examination.
37.(A) Iron from old ships.
(B) Wood found floating in the ocean.
(C) Seashells of unusual shapes and colors.
(D) The bones and teeth of whales.
38.(A) To occupy their free time.
(B) To bring good luck.
(C) To earn extra money.
(D) To take part in art competitions.
39.(A) They were used in the home.
(B) They were used to decorate the ship.
(C) They were used to catch whales.
(D) They were sold to art dealers.
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human brain, how it functions, and

PART C
Directions: In this part of the test, you will
hear several talks. After each talk you will hear
some question. The talks and questions will not
be repeated.
After you hear a question, you will read the
four possible answer in your test book and
choose the best answer. Then, on your answer
sheet, find the number of the question and fill
in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answers you have chosen.
how it can malfunction. Topics
that will be covered are dreams,
memory and depression. These
topicsareillustrated with
outstanding computer animation
that makes the explanations easy
to follow. Make an effort to see the
show.Sincewe’ve been studying
the nerves system in class. I know
you’ll find it very helpful
Now listen to a sample question
(Narrator)What is the main purpose of the
program?

Here is an example. Sample A

Answer B
On the recording you will hear: In yourtest book you read: (A)To demonstrate CA
the latest use of computer graphics DA
(Narrator) Listen to an instructor talk to his (B) To discuss the A
class about a television program possibilities of the economic depression A
(man) I’d like to tell you about an (C) To explain the
interesting TV program that will working of the brain
be shown this coming Thursday. (D) To dramatize
It’ll be on from nine to ten p.m. on a famous mysterystory
Channel Four. Its part of the series
called mysteries of human biology. The best answer to the question “What is the
The subject of the program is the main purpose of the program?” is (C) To

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explain the working of the brain. Therefore the 41.(A) Students might not consider them to be an
correct choice is (C) important part of culture.
(B) They symbolize the rebellion of youth in the
Now listen to another sample question. 1950's.
(narrator) Why does the speaker recommend (C) They are discussed in the student's textbook.
watching the program? (D) They have been worn for hundreds of years.
Sample Answer
In your test book, you read: (A) it is 42.(A) To show how politics have changed over
A
requiredof all science major the years. A B
(B) it will never (B) To point out that T-shirts often provide A C
been shown again personal information. A D
(C) it can help (C) To illustrate how the printing on clothing has A
viewers improve their memory skill improved.
(D) it will help (D) To support that T-shirts are a form of art.
with coursework
43.(A) Places where T-shirts are not acceptable.
The best answer to the question “Why does the (B) Images that are currently printed on T-shirts.
speaker recommend watching the program?” is (C) Names of people who have made T-shirts
(D) it will help with coursework. Therefore the popular.
correct choice is (D) (D) Ways that T-shirts represent American
culture.
Remember, you are not allowed to take notes
or write in your test book. 44.(A) Successful business practices. Wait
40.(A) The importance of anthropology to modern (B) Famous inventors.
society, (C) Public health concerns.
(B) A good source of information about a (D) Unsuccessful inventions.
society.
(C) Attitudes toward culture in the 1940's. 45.(A) They drank from public water fountains.
(D) The relationship between anthropology and (B) They passed around a cup of water.
the military. (C) They drank from personal tin cups that they
carried with them.

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(D) They bought a paper cup of water. (C) To compare the size of grasshopper with
46. (A) To demonstrate the importance of public that of other insects. -
health laws. (D) To show how quickly grasshoppers respond
(B) To point out that without luck businesses to danger.
will not succeed.
(C) To explain how traveling led to new 49. (A) They detect nerve impulses transmitted to
inventions. a grasshopper's legs.
(D) To illustrate the importance of having the (B) They sense how far a grasshopper has
right product at the right time. jumped.
(C) They detect changes in air pressure.
47. (A)How grasshoppers find food. (D) They help a grasshopper find food.
(B) How grasshoppers fight other insects.
(C) How grasshoppers communicate with each 50. (A) The number of impulses transmitted to the
other. grasshopper's legs.
(D) How grasshoppers escape from danger. (B) The age of the grasshopper.
(C) The number of sensory organs the
48. (A) To correct a common misunderstanding grasshopper has.
about grasshoppers. (D) The size of the nerves that control walking.
(B) To help explain how well grasshoppers can
jump.

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SECTION 2
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Time – 25 minutes

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written
English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.

Structure
Direction:These questions are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentences you will see four words or
phrases marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then,
on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the
answers you have chosen.
Look at the following exampes.
Example I
The president ______ the election by landslide. Sample Answer

(A) won A
A
(B) he won B
A
(C) yesterday C
A
D
(D) fortunately A

The sentence should read, “The president won the election by landslide”. Therefore, you should choose
answer (A)

Example II

When ____ the conference? Sample Answer

A
A
B
C
D
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(A) the doctor attended
(B) did the doctor attend A
(C) the doctor will attend
A
(D) the doctor’s attendance A

The sentence should read, “When did the doctor attend the conference?” Therefore, you should choose
answer (B).

1. Among the 450 artworks in the White House art (A) perform
collection __ . (B) performed
(A) as is Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and Two (C) had been performing
Children (D) having performed
(B) is Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and Two
Children 4. ____ are chiefly derived from petroleum.
(C) which is Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and (A) Plastics today
Two Children (B) There are plastics today
(D) Mary Cassatt's Young Mother and Two (C) Because today plastics
Children (D) Due to plastics today

2. An unconsolidated aggregate of silt particles is 5. Most tangerine trees and their flowers and fruits
also termed silt, _____ aconsolidated aggregate is resemble ____the orange,although tangerines are
called siltstone. generally smaller.
(A) which (A) of those
(B) why (B) which of those
(C) whereas (C) those of
(D) whether (D) which are of

3. In 1864 the American Shakespearean actor Edwin 6. Ohio, the center of_____ the Hopewell
Booth gained critical acclaimwhen he ____ Hamlet culture, has the greatest concentration ofancient
at the Winter Garden Theatre in New York City. burial mounds in the United States.
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(A) called 11. over 100 years since the invention of the square-
(B) what is called bottomed paper bag.
(C) that is called (A) Now is
(D) is called (B) Now it has
7. ____ , such as jazz, are often played from memory (C) There is now
rather than from a writtenscore. (D) It is now
(A) Of some types music
(B) Music some of types 12. The novelist John Dos Passes developed a style of
(C) Some types of music fiction incorporating several documentary
(D) Types of music some devices ____ to his works.
(A) lent realism
8. During the 1850',
(B) that lending realism
reformmovements____temperance and the
(C) to lend realism
abolition ofslavery gained strength in the United
(D) of whose realism lent
States.
(A) advocating
(B) they had advocated
(C) to advocating
(D) to advocate when
13. In Earth's infancy, its surface was warm enough
9. Many meteorites are thought to have originated
for life ____ the young Sunwas fainter than it is
from ___ that once existedbetween the orbits of
today.
Mars and Jupiter.
(A) in spite of
(A) where a planet or planets
(B) whether
(B) a planet or planets so
(C) neither of which
(C) which a planet or planets
(D) even though
(D) a planet or planets
14.The invention of the compound microscope
10.The modern automobile is a composed of more
(which allowed much
than 14,000 parts.
highermagnificationthrough multiple lenses)
(A) complex technical system
made _____ the great strides in lifesciences.
(B) system of complex technical
(A) it possible
(C) complex technical system that
(B) possibly
(D) system is technically complex
(C) possible
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(D) it was possible (A) rather to be
(B) rather than
15. Hares generally have longer ears and hind legs (C) are rather
than rabbits and move by jumping (D) as rather
____ running.

Written Expression
Direction:In these questions, each sentences has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined words or phrases marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlinedword or
phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find
the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answers you have
chosen.
Look at the following examples.
Example I Sample Answer
The four string on a violin are tuned in fifths A
A B C D A
B
A
C
A
D
A

The sentence should read, “The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths”. Therefore, you should
choose answer (B)
Example II Sample Answer
The research for the book Roots taking Alex Haley A
A B
A B C A
twelve years C
A D
D A
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The sentence should read, “The research for the book Roots took alex Haley twelve years”.
Therefore, you should choose answer (D).
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16. Lake trout, fish usually finding in deep, cool lakes, are greenish gray and are
A B
covered with pale spots.
C D

17. During the first 20 years of the space age, the United States spent more than 90
A B
billion dollars onto its civilian and military space programs.
C D

18. Vitamins A and C and most of the B vitamins are retaining foods that have
A B C
been canned.
D

19. Ella Baker spent her adult life working for social change by lecturing, writing,
A B
teacher, and organizing adult literacy programs.
C D
20. Gold can combined with silver in any proportion, but alloys with 50 to 60 percent
A B C
silver are the_strongest.
D
21. The camera obscura, a lensless precursor of the photographic camera, consists_of
A
a darkened chamber, with light pass into it through a single tiny hole.
B C D
22. Lumber production was the main industry in Michigan until the early 1900's,
A B C
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which the automobile industry was established in Detroit.
D
23. Twenty minutes of vigorous exercise every day is very effect in helping a person
A B C
to maintain physical fitness.
D

24. It was not until after Emily Dickinson's death in 1886 that, hidden away in her
A B
bureau, overly one thousand unpublished poems were discovered,
C D

25. Rocks form within Earth are called intrusive or plutonic rocks because the
A B
magma from which they form often intrudes into neighboring rock.
C D

26. Most fish swim by moving their tails from side to side, with little relatively body
A B C D
undulation.

27. In its life expectancy, although in most other things, the Sun is a typical star.
A B C D

28. Machines need energy to function, whether it is animal or human muscle, wind or
A B
waters currents, or heat-generated energy, such as steam.
C D

29. The modern violin, the smallest and versatile instrument in the violin family, is
A B
tuned in fifths and produces tones ranging over four and a half octaves.
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C D
30. Norman Rockwell was a meticulous artist who paintings portrayed family
A B
incidents and well-defined characters with a wealth of supporting details.
C D

31. By the late twelve century, stained glass had emerged in Europe as an integral
A B C D
part of Gothic architecture.

32. The United States, a nation with a highly diversified economy, is a major
A B
exporter of grain, fruit, chemical, aircraft, and cars.
C D

33. Canada began cultivation wheat intensively in 1910, which led to a demand for
A B
tools, machines, housing, and building supplies.
C D

34. Magnesium has little structural strength and must be alloyed with another metals
A B
such as aluminum and zinc when it is to be subjected to stress.
C D

35. Orchid seeds take up to eighteen months to mature before they sprout, and the
A B
young plants may need another two years to reach at the flowering stage.
C D

36. The oldest public edifice in Washington D.C., the White House was originally
A B
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constructed in the 1790's, also has been rebuilt or extensively remodeledthree times since.
C D

37. Mitosis is the normal process by which a cell divides, each new cell ending up
A B C
With a same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
D

38. There are a series of large-scale wind patterns all over Earth are called prevailing
A B
winds that have a direct effect on weather and climate.
C D

39. In June, 1846, near Sacramento, California, a number of new settlers rebelled in
A B C
the Bear Flag Revolt and proclaiming California an independent republic.
D

40. A mutation is result of a definite biochemical change in a gene that causes the
A B
offspring to vary in some characteristic from the parents.
C D

SECTION 3
READING COMPREHENSION
Time – 55 minutes
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This section is designed to measure your ability to read and understand short passage similar in topic and style
to those that students are likely to encounter in North American universities and colleges. This section contains
reading passages and questions about the passages.
Direction:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by a number of questions about
it. You are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D) to each question. Then, on your answer sheet,
find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answers you have
chosen.
Answer all the questions about the information in a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied
in that passage.
Read the following passage:
John Quincy Adams, who served as the sixth president of the United States from 1825 to 1829, is
today recognized for his masterful statesmanship and diplomacy. He dedicated his life to public service,
both in the presidency and in the various other political offices that he held. Throughout his political
Line career he demonstrated his unswerving belief in freedom of speech, the antislavery cause, and the right
(5) of Americans to be free from European and Asian domination.
Example I
To what did John Quincy Adams devote his life? Sample Answer
(A) Improving his personal life A
A
(B) Serving the public B
(C) Increasing his fortune A
C
(D) Working on his private business A
D
A
According to the passage, John Quincy Adams “dedicated his life to public services”. Therefore, you should
choose answer (B)
Example II
In line 4, the word “unswerving” is closest meaning to Sample Answer
(A) movable A
(B) insignificant A B
(C) diplomatic A C
(D) unchanging A D
A
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The passage stated that John Quincy Adams demonstrated his unswerving belief “throughout his career”. This
implies that the belief did not change. Therefore, you should choose answer (D)

Question 1-9
The first birds appeared during late Jurassic times. These birds are known from
four very good skeletons, two incomplete skeletons, and an isolated feather, all from
theSolnhofen limestone of Bavaria, Germany. This fine-grained rock, which is
extensively quarried for lithographic stone, was evidently deposited in a shallow
(5 coral lagoon of a tropical sea, and flying vertebrates occasionally fell into the water
) and were buried by the fine limy mud, to be preserved with remarkable detail In this
way, the late Jurassic bird skeletons, which have been named Archaeopteryx, were
fossilized. And not only were the bones preserved in these skeletons, but so also
were imprints of the feathers. If the indications of feathers had not been preserved in
(10) association with Archaeopteryx, it is likely that these fossils would have been
classified among the dinosaurs, for they show numerous theropod characteristics.
Archaeopteryx were animals about the size of a crow, with an archeosaurian type of
skull, a long neck, a compact body balanced on a pair of strong hind limbs, and a
long tail. The forelimbs were enlarged and obviously functioned as wings.
(15) Modern birds, who are the descendants of these early birds, are highly
organized animals, with a constant body temperature and a very high rate of
metabolism. In addition, they are remarkable for having evolved extraordinarily
complex behavior patterns such as those of nesting and song, and the habit among
many species of making long migrations from one continent to another and back
(20) each year.
Most birds also have very strong legs, which allows them to run or walk on the
ground as well as to fly in the air. Indeed, some of the waterbirds, such as ducks and
geese, have the distinction of being able to move around proficiently in the water, on
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land, and in the air, a range in natural locomotor ability that has never been attained
(25) by any other vertebrate.
1. According to the author, all of-the following 5. Why does the author mention "a crow" in line
evidence relating to the first birds was found 12?
EXCEPT (A) to indicate the size of Archaeopteryx
(A) nesting materials (B) To specify the age of the Archaeopteryx
(B) four skeletons in good condition fossils
(C) two fragmented skeletons (C) To explain the evolutionary history of
(D) a single feather Archaeopteryx
(D) To demonstrate the superiority of the
2. The word "preserved" in line 8 is closest in theropod to Archaeopteryx
meaning to
(A) confused with others 6. It can be inferred from the passage that
(B) gradually weakened theropods were
(C) protected from destruction (A) dinosaurs
(D) lost permanently (B) birds
3. It can be inferred from the passage that the (C) Archaeopteryx
Archaeopteryx were classified as birds on the (D)crows
basis of
(A) imprints of bones
(B) imprints of feathers
(C) the neck structure
(D) skeletons 7. The word "constant" in line 16 is closest
in meaning to
4. The word "they" in line 11 refers to (A) comfortable
(A) indications (B) combined
(B) fossils (C) consistent
(C) dinosaurs (D) complementary
(D) characteristics
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8. The author mentions all of the following as
examples of complex behavior patterns 9. The word "attained" in line 24 is closest
evolved by birds EXCEPT in meaning to
(A) migrating (A) required
(B) nesting (B) achieved
(C) singing (C) observed
(D) running (D) merited

Questions 10-19
Newspaper publishers in the United States have long been enthusiastic users
and distributors of weather maps. Although some newspapers that had carried the
United States Weather Bureau's national weather map in 1912 dropped it once the
novelty had passed, many continued to print the daily weather chart provided by
5 their local forecasting office. In the 1930's, when interest in aviation and progress in
air-mass analysis made weather patterns more newsworthy, additional newspapers
started or resumed the daily weather map. In 1935, The Associated Press (AP) news
service inaugurated its WirePhoto network and offered subscribing newspapers
morning and afternoon weather maps redrafted by the AP's Washington, B.C., office
10 from charts provided by the government agency. Another news service, United Press
International (UPI), developed a competing photowire network and also provided
timely weather maps for both morning and afternoon newspapers. After the United
States government launched a series of weather satellites in 1966, both the AP and
UPI offered cloud-cover photos obtained from the Weather Bureau.
15 In the late 1970's and early 1980's, the weather map became an essential
16 ingredient in the redesign of the American newspaper. News publishers,
threatened
by increased competition from television for readers' attention, sought to package
the news more conveniently and attractively. In 1982, many publishers felt
threatened by the new USA Today, a national daily newspaper that used a page-wide,
20 full-color weather map as its key design element. That the weather map in USA
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21 Today did not include information about weather fronts and pressures attests to the
largely symbolic role it played. Nonetheless, competing local and metropolitan
newspapers responded in a variety of ways. Most substituted full-color temperature
maps for the standard weather maps, while others dropped the comparatively drab
25 satellite photos or added regional forecast maps with pictorial symbols to indicate
rainy, snowy, cloudy, or clear conditions. A few newspapers, notably The New York
Times, adopted a highly informative yet less visually prominent weather map that
was specially designed to explain an important recent or imminent weather event.
Ironically, a newspaper's richest, most instructive weather maps often are
30 comparatively small and inconspicuous.

10.What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The differences between government
and newspaper weather forecasting in
the United States.
(B) The history of publishing weather maps
in United States newspapers
(C) A comparison of regional and national
weather reporting in the United States.
(D) Information that forms the basis for
weather forecasting in the United States
11 .The word "resumed" in line 7 is closest in
meaning to
(A) began again
(B) held back
(C) thought over
(D) referred to
12.According to the passage, one important
reason why newspapers printed daily weather
maps during the first half of the twentieth
century was
(A) the progress in printing technology
(B) a growing interest in air transportation
(C) a change in atmospheric conditions
(D) the improvement of weather forecasting
techniques
13.What regular service did The Associated Press
and United Press International begin to offer
subscribing newspapers in the 1930's?
(A) A new system of weather forecasting
(B) An air-mass analysis
(C) Twice daily weather maps
(D) Cloud-cover photographs
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14.The phrase "attests to" in line 21 is closest in (D) filled with detailed information
meaning to
(A) makes up for
(B) combines with
(C) interferes with
(D) gives evidence of

15.The word "others" in line 24 refers to

(A) newspapers
(B) ways 18.The word "prominent" in line 27 is closest in
(C) temperature maps meaning to
(D) weather maps (A) complex
(B) noticeable
16.The word "drab" in line 24 is closest in (C) appealing
meaning to (D) perfect
(A) precise
(B) poor 19.The author uses the term "Ironically" in line
(C) simple 29 to indicate that a weather
(D) dull map'sappearance
(A) is not important to newspaper publishers
17.In contrast to the weather maps of USA Today, (B) does not always indicate how much
weather maps in The New York Times tended information it provides
to be (C) reflects how informative a newspaper
(A) printed in foil color can be
(B) included for symbolic reasons (D) often can improve newspaper sales
(C) easily understood by the readers

Question 20-30
Some animal behaviorists argue that certain animals can remember past events,
anticipate future ones, make plans and choices, and coordinate activities within a
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group. These scientists, however, are cautious about the extent to which animals can
be credited with conscious processing.
5 Explanations of animal behavior that leave out any sort of consciousness at all
and ascribe actions entirely to instinct leave many questions unanswered. One
example of such unexplained behavior: Honeybees communicate the sources of
nectar to one another by doing a dance in a figure-eight pattern. The orientation of
the dance conveys the position of the food relative to the sun's position in the sky,
10 and the speed of the dance tells how far the food source is from the hive. Most
researchers assume that the ability to perform and encode the dance is innate and
shows no special intelligence. But in one study, when experimenters kept changing
the site of the food source, each time moving the food 25 percent farther from the
previous site, foraging honeybees began to anticipate where the food source would
15 appear next. When the researchers arrived at the new location, they would find the
bees circling the spot, waiting for their food. No one has yet explained how bees,
whose brains weigh four ten-thousandths of an ounce, could have inferred the
location of the new site.
Other behaviors that may indicate some cognition include tool use. Many
20 animals, like the otter who uses a stone to crack mussel shells, are capable of using
objects in the natural environment as rudimentary tools. One researcher has found
that mother chimpanzees occasionally show their young how to use tools to open
hard nuts. In one study, chimpanzees compared two pairs of food wells containing
chocolate chips. One pair might contain, say, five chips and three chips, the other
25 our chips and three chips. Allowed to choose which pair they wanted, the
chimpanzees almost always chose the one with the higher total, showing some sort
of summing ability. Other chimpanzees have learned to use numerals to label
quantities of items and do simple sums.

20.What does the passage mainly discuss? (B) Observations that suggest consciousness
(A) The role of instinct in animal behavior in animal behavior
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(C) The use of food in studies of animal
behavior
(D) Differences between the behavior of
animals in their natural environments
and in laboratory experiments.
21.Which of the following is NOT discussed as
an ability animals are thought to have?
(A) Selecting among choices
(B) Anticipating events to come
(C) Remembering past experiences
(D) Communicating emotions
22.What is the purpose of the honeybee dance?
(A) To determine the quantity of food at a
site
(B) To communicate the location of food
(C) To increase the speed of travel to food
sources
(D) To identify the type of nectar that is
available
23.The word "yet" in line 16 is closest in
meaning to
(A)however
(B)since
(C) generally
(D)so far
24. What did researchers discover in the study of
honeybees discussed in paragraph 2?
(A) Bees are able to travel at greater speeds
than scientists thought.
(B) The bees could travel 25% farther than
scientists expected.
(C) The bees were able to determine in
advance where scientists would place
their food.
(D) Changing the location of food caused
bees to decrease their dance activity.
25.It can be inferred from the passage that brain
size is assumed to
(A) be an indicator of cognitive ability
(B) vary among individuals within a species
(C) be related to food consumption
(D)correspond to levels of activity
26.Why are otters and mussel shells included in
the discussion in paragraph 3?
(A) To provide an example of tool use among
animals
(B) To prove that certain species demonstrate
greater ability in tool use than other
species
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(C) To explain the number of tools from 29.The phrase "the one" in line 26 refers to the
animals (A) study
(D) To give a certain way to protect the (B) pair
animals’ life (C) chimpanzee
(D) ability
27.The word "rudimentary" in line 21 is closest in
meaning to 30.Scientists concluded from the experiment with
(A) superior chimpanzees and chocolate chips that
(B) original chimpanzees
(C) basic (A) lack abilities that other primates have
(D) technical (B) prefer to work in pairs or groups
(C)exhibit behavior that indicates certain
28. It can be inferred from the mathematical abilities
statement about mother chimpanzees and (D) have difficulty selecting when given
their young (lines 21-23) that young choices
chimpanzees have difficulty
(A) communicating with their mothers
(B)adding quantities
(C) making choices
(D) opening hard nuts

Questions 31-39
In eighteenth-century colonial America, flowers and fruit were typically the
province of the botanical artist interested in scientific illustration rather than being
the subjects of fine art. Early in the nineteenth century, however, the Peale family of
Philadelphia established the still life, a picture consisting mainly of inanimate
5 objects, as a valuable part of the artist's repertoire. The fruit paintings by James and
Sarah Miriam Peale are simple arrangements of a few objects, handsomely colored,
small in size, and representing little more than what they are. In contrast were the
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highly symbolic, complex compositions by Charles Bird King, with their biting
satire and critical social commentary. Each of these strains comminuted into and
10 well past mid-century.
John F. Francis (1808-86) was a part of the Pennsylvania still-life tradition that
arose, at least in part, from the work of the Peales. Most of his still lifes date from
around 1850 to 1875. Luncheon Still Life looks like one of the Peales' pieces on a
larger scale, kits greater complexity resulting from the number of objects. It is also
15 indebted to the luncheon type of still life found in seventeenth-century Dutch
painting. The opened bottles of wine and the glasses of wine partially consumed
suggest a number of unseen guests. The appeal of the fruit and nuts to our sense of
taste is heightened by the juicy orange, which has already been sliced. The
arrangement is additive, that is, made up of many different parts, not always
20 compositionally integrated, with all objects of essentially equal importance.
About 1848, SeverinRoesen came to the United States from Germany and
settled in New York City, where he began to paint large, lush still lifes of flowers,
fruit, or both, often measuring over four feet across. Still Life with Fruit and
Champagne is typical in its brilliance of color, meticulous rendering of detail,
25 compact composition, and unabashed abundance. Rich in symbolic overtones, the
beautifully painted objects carry additional meanings------butterflies or fallen buds
suggest the impermanence of life, a bird's nest with eggs means fertility, and so on.
Above all, Roesen's art expresses the abundance that America symbolized to many of its
citizens.

31. What does the passage mainly discuss? (D) How botanical art inspired the first still-
(A) The artwork of James and Sarah Miriam life paintings
Peale
(B) How Philadelphia became a center for art 32. Which of the following is mentioned as a
in the nineteenth century characteristic of the still lifes of James and
(C) Nineteenth-century still-life paintings in Sarah Miriam Peale?
the United States (A) Simplicity
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(B) Symbolism 37.Which of the following terms is defined in the
(C) Smooth texture passage?
(D) Social commentary (A) "repertoire" (line 5)
(B) "satire" (line 9)
33.The word "biting" in line 8 is closest in (C) "additive" (line 19)
meaning to (D) "rendering" (line 24)
(A) simple
(B) sorrowful 38.All of the following are mentioned as
(B) frequent characteristics of Roesen's still lifes
(D) sharp EXCEPT that they
(A) are symbolic
34.The word "It" in line 14 refers to (B) use simplified representations of flowers
(A) Luncheon Still Life and fruit
(B) one of the Peales' pieces (C) include brilliant colors
(C) a larger scale (D) are large in size
(D) the number of objects
39.Which of the following is mentioned as the
35.The word "heightened" in line 18 is closest in dominant theme in Roesen's painting?
meaning to (A) Fertility
(A) complicated (B) Freedom
(B) directed (C) Impermanence
(C) observed (D) Abundance
(D) increased
36.The word "meticulous" in line 24 is closest in
meaning to
(A) careful
(B) significant
(C) appropriate
(D) believable
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Question 40-50
Scientists have discovered that for the last 160,000 years, at least, there has
been a consistent relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide in the air and
the average temperature of the planet. The importance of carbon dioxide in
regulating the Earth's temperature was confirmed by scientists working in eastern
5 Antarctica. Drilling down into a glacier, they extracted a mile-long cylinder of ice
from the hole. The glacier had formed as layer upon layer of snow accumulated year
after year. Thus drilling into the ice was tantamount to drilling back through time.
The deepest sections of the core are composed of water that fell as snow
160,000 years ago. Scientists in Grenoble, France, fractured portions of the core and
10 measured the composition of ancient air released from bubbles in the ice.
Instruments were used to measure the ratio of certain isotopes in the frozen water to
get an idea of the prevailing atmospheric temperature at the time when that
particular bit of water became locked in the glacier.
The result is a remarkable unbroken record of temperature and of atmospheric
15 levels of carbon dioxide. Almost every time the chill of an ice age descended on the
planet, carbon dioxide levels dropped. When the global temperature dropped 9°F (5°C),
carbon dioxide levels dropped to 190 parts per million or so. Generally, as each
ice age ended and the Earth basked in a warm interglacial period, carbon dioxide
levels were around 280 parts per million. Through the 160,000 years of that ice
20 record, the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere fluctuated between 190 and
280 parts per million, but never rose much higher-until the Industrial Revolution
beginning in the eighteenth century and continuing today.
There is indirect evidence that the link between carbon dioxide levels and
global temperature change goes back much further than the glacial record. Carbon
25 dioxide levels may have been much greater than the current concentration during the
Carboniferous period, 360 to 285 million years ago. The period was named for a
profusion of plant life whose buried remains produced a large fraction of the coal
deposits that are being brought to the surface and burned today.
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40. Which of the following does the passage (C) provided insight about climate conditions
mainly discuss? in earlier periods
(A) Chemical causes of ice ages (D) confirmed earlier findings about how
(B) Techniques for studying ancient layers of glaciers are formed
ice in glaciers
(C) Evidence of a relationship between 43. The phrase "tantamount to" in line 7 is closest
levels of carbon dioxide and global in meaning to
temperature (A) complementary to
(D) Effects of plant life on carbon dioxide (B) practically the same as
levels in the atmosphere (C) especiallywell suited to
(D) unlikely to be confused with
41. The word “accumulated” in line 6
is closest in meaning to ----------- 44. According to the passage, Grenoble, France,
(A) spread out is the place where
(B) changed (A) instruments were developed for
(C) became denser measuring certain chemical elements
(D) built up (B) scientists first recorded atmospheric
levels of carbon dioxide
(C) scientists studied the contents of an ice
from Antarctica
(D) scientists measured the composition of
42. According to the passage, the drilling of the ancient air in the ice core
glacier in eastern Antarctica was important
because it 45. According to the passage, scientists used
(A)allowed scientists to experiment with new isotopes from the water of the ice core to
drilling techniques determine which of following?
(B) permitted the study of surface (A) The amount of air that had bubbled to the
temperatures in an ice-covered region of surface since the ice had formed
Earth
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(B) The temperature of the atmosphere when 48. The passage implies that the warmest
the ice was formed temperatures among the periods mentioned
(C) The date at which water had become occurred
locked in the glacier (A) in the early eighteenth century
(D) The rate at which water had been frozen (B) 160,000 years ago
in the glacier (C) at the end of each ice age
(D) between 360 and 285 million years ago
46. The word "remarkable" in line 14
is closest in meaning to 49. According to the passage, the Carboniferous
(A) genuine period was characterized by
(B) permanent (A) a reduction in the number of coal
(C) extraordinary deposits
(D) continuous (B) the burning of a large amount of coal
(C)an abundance of plants
47. The word "link" in line 23 is closest in (D)an accelerated rate of glacier formation
meaning to
(A) tension 50. The passage explains the origin of
(B) connection which of the following terms?
(C) attraction (A) Glacier (line5)
(D) distance (B) Isotopes (line 11)
(C) Industrial Revolution (line 21)
(D) Carboniferous period (lines 26)