Zanura Project PDF

DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPERTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

BACHELOR OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
NTA LEVEL 8
PROJECT I
PROJECT TITLE : DESIGN OF AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

SYSTEM FOR THE PROPOSED IMMIGRATION
BUILDING AT MTWARA REGION
PROJECT TYPE : DESIGNING
PRESENTED BY : MIRAJI ZANURA J
ADMISSION NUMBER : 120333421216
ACADEMIC YEAR : 2015/2016
SUPERVISED BY : MR SIMION KABINGO
FEBRUARY 2016
ii
DECLARATION
I, MIRAJI ZANURA J, declares that to the best of my knowledge, this project has not been copied
anywhere, this is my work as a partial fulfilment of Bachelor of Electrical Engineering. Except
only some scientific knowledge and information obtained from various resources as references in
accomplishment of this project that I have acknowledged according to the Policy of Plagiarism.
STUDENT NAME. MIRAJI ZANURA J
Signature………………………………. Date……………………..
SUPERVISOR NAME: SIMON KABINGO
Signature:……………………………… Date:…..…………………
i
ABSTRACT.
This project aims at designing of electrical installation system for proposed immigration office
building at Mikindani Municipal in Mtwara region. It is a three floors building in which are ground
floor, first floor and second floor offices.
The designing process has taken into account the performance, maintainability and reliability of
services. The guide for the whole process is in accordance to Electrical Engineering, IEE wiring
regulations, electrical installation guide according to IEC International standards, British Standards
(BS) and various statutory authorities‟ rules and bylaws. The project incorporates the literature
review; design procedures, calculations and the drawings prepared using AutoCAD software,
specifications and bills of quantity and material estimates of the whole building (BOQ).
ii
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor Mr. KABINGO SIMON, project
coordinator who gave me support, encouragement and great cooperation during preparation of this
project.
I give thanks to all staff member of Electrical Engineering Department and not forgetting my
fellow students for their great contribution.
Also I would like to gratitude My parents and Engineer Sadiq Mohamed ML Consultancy
Limited to his support for their assistance during data collection.
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ML Mlimani consultancy
DIT Dar es salaam institute
kW Kilowatt
m Meter
L Length
W Width
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TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION ................................................................................................................................ i
ABSTRACT. ...................................................................................................................................... ii
AKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................................... iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... iv
TABLE OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... viii
CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................................................................ 1
1.0. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND............................................................................................. 1
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ...................................................................................................... 1
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT .................................................................................................. 1
1.3.1 MAIN OBJECTIVE.......................................................................................................... 1
1.3.2SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................. 2
1.4 PROJECT SIGNIFICANCE ................................................................................................... 2
1.5 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................. 2
CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................... 3
LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................................................................. 3
2.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 CONCEPT OF ELECTRICAL LOADS IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS.......................... 3
2.1.1 Air conditioning Load ....................................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 Lighting Load.................................................................................................................... 4
2.1.3 Data Loads ........................................................................................................................ 4
2.1.4 Other Electrical Loads ...................................................................................................... 4
2.2 LIGHTING CIRCUIT ............................................................................................................. 4
2.2.1 Types of Lighting .............................................................................................................. 4
2.2.LIGHTING SOCKET .............................................................................................................. 5
2.3 ILLUMINATIONS .................................................................................................................. 9
2.4 LIGHTING SCHEMES ......................................................................................................... 10
2.5 PROCEDURES FOR LUMEN DESIGN ............................................................................. 13
2.6 LIGHTING INSTALLATION DESIGN ............................................................................... 13
2.7 LAYOUTS PLAN ................................................................................................................ 13
CHAPTER THREE ......................................................................................................................... 17
DATA COLLECTION ................................................................................................................ 17
CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................................ 21
LIGHTING DESIGN CALCULATION ......................................................................................... 21
4.1. CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF LIGHTING FITTINGS ............................................. 21
4.2 POWER DISTRIBUTION..................................................................................................... 24
4.3 AC CONDITIONING. ........................................................................................................... 24
4.4 TOTAL LOAD DEMAND .................................................................................................... 24
4.4.2 CALCULATION OF TOTAL LOAD FOR ALL SOCKET OUTLETS ...................... 24
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4.5. MAIN DISTRIBUTION BOARD(MDB) ............................................................................ 25
4.6 DETERMINATION OF SIZE OF CABLE ........................................................................... 25
4.7. DETERMINATION OF CABLE SIZE FOR EACH FLOOR .......................................... 26
4.8. POWER SUPPLY OF THE BUILDING ........................................................................... 27
CHAPTER FIVE ............................................................................................................................. 28
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................... 28
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................ 28
APPENDICES ................................................................................................................................. 29
APPENDIX 1: PROJECT TIME FRAME .................................................................................. 29
APPENDIX 2:BUDGET COST ESTIMATION ......................................................................... 29
APPENDEX 3: BILL OF QUANTITIES .................................................................................... 30
APPENDEX 4: ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS............................................................................. 38
APPENDIX 5: STANDARDS FOR SELECTION OF MCCB AND EARTH WIRE ............. 39
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 41
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 2. 1. Illumination for different purpose.................................................................................. 10

Table 3.2.1. Ground floor ................................................................................................................ 18
Table 3.2.2 First floor ...................................................................................................................... 19
Table 3.2.3. Second floor ................................................................................................................. 20
Table 4. 1. The number of lights in ground floor............................................................................. 22
Table 4.2. The number of lights in 1st and 2nd ............................................................................... 23
Table 4.3. total load consumed by all lighting system .................................................................... 24
Table 4.4. Total load for all switch sockets and welding socket .................................................... 24
Table 4.5. Total power of other appliances..................................................................................... 25
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TABLE OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 One position-One gang switch configuration of a lighting circuit ................................... 6
Figure 2.2. One position- two gang switch configuration of lighting configuration ......................... 7
Figure 2.3: Two position-2 gang switch configuration of lighting circuit ......................................... 8
Figure 2.4: Three position-3 gang switch configuration of lighting circuit ....................................... 7
Figure2.5 : First floor layout plan .................................................................................................... 14

Figure 2.6: Second floor layout plan................................................................................................ 15
Figure2.7: Ground floor layout plan ................................................................................................ 16
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0. INTRODUCTION
1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Electrical Design for Commercial and Industrial Buildings is both an essential teaching guide for
electrical design instructors and an enduring reference book for students and professionals.
It teaches students the critical components of electrical design through an integrated approach that
combines fundamental theory with hands-on practice and by taking an applied-learning approach
to instruction, this design briefing electrical principles, design criteria, codes, and other key
elements of the design process; then guides students through each step and keys aspect of a design
as they create their own electrical design plans.
Provides students with the ability to understand how electrical plans are conceptualized, designed,
and compiled and illustrates how to apply this knowledge to the cases they will encounter in the
field.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
The proposed Immigration Office in Mtwara region is planned to have three floors of which all are
to be provided with electricity. Therefore the electrical the aim of this project is to design an
electrical installation for the entire building.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT
The objectives of this project are divided into two categories:

1.3.1 Main objective
1.3.2 Specific objectives
1.3.1 MAIN OBJECTIVE

This project aims at designing the electrical installation drawing for the Immigration building
in Mtwara region .
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1.3.2SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
i. To identify the materials and equipment needed for the installation work.
ii. Designing of electrical installation layout for each floor.
iii .Sizing of installation cable and necessary switchgears.
iv. To prepare the bill of quantities and
v. Cost estimates for the whole electrical installation work
1.4 PROJECT SIGNIFICANCE
i. The proper design of an electrical installation in building will provide a high efficient energy
output and fulfill the economical of the tenants.
ii. To ensure safety to both workers and properties.
1.5 METHODOLOGY
 LITERATURE REVIEW
This will be done by reviewing different books and other relating projects
 DATA COLLECTION
In this method, the collection of data should be done in a manner that relevant to the project.
 DATA ANALYSIS
Doing analysis of the collected data to the related type of project by selected a suitable components
to design the building by using calculations.
 DESIGNING OF AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION LAYOUT PLAN FOR
DUILDING
This stage is very important in order to reach my objective by designing light layout plan and small
power layout plan
 REPORT WRITING
This is final stage of introducing full information of the Project
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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
Buildings are required to be equipped with some services towards meeting regulatory requirement.
These services includes electricity, water, safety and security system, lifts, cabling of computers
telephone, lighting, heating, air conditioning and refrigeration. This regulatory requirement leads
to the development of Building Services Engineering to address the demand in the building
industry. It aims to promote and improve understanding and co-operation between the user,
designers, contractors, operative and maintenance staff and other professional advisers concerned
with building structure, site and services.
2.1 CONCEPT OF ELECTRICAL LOADS IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
A commercial building is defined to mean a building being used for office or commercial purposes
such as hotels, shopping plaza, banks, etc. other types such as residential or industrial buildings are
not considered although most of the services in a commercial building may also be relevant for the
other types of buildings. We need to consider first the types of electrical loads in a commercial
building.
2.1.1 Air conditioning Load

In a tropical climate such as obtains in Tanzania, most commercial buildings are air-conditioned.
The load of the air conditioning system is usually a major portion of the total load. The load in an
office is approximately 50-80% of the total load. Architecture of the building plays a major role in
deciding on the most suitable air conditioning system.
A modern office building will usually be of the open floor plan system. The usual system adopted
is the central air conditioning system covering large spaces such as a whole floor or the entire
building. Room units are employed for floor plans where all conditioned by one or a couple of
room units which can be easily positioned effectively.
Large open office spaces require considerable time for the system to be effective. In some cases,
the time required is two to three hours before the office opens for business. The effective period
3
when the system is supposed to be effective is between 7am and 7pm to allow for staff who report
early and those who close late. The system is them effectively shut off for 10 hours.
2.1.2 Lighting Load

Lighting load in a commercial building is usually between 5% -10%. However, lighting loads are
usually constant for most of the day and night. Major strides have been taken in the technology of
lamps to reduce the load whilst increasing the lighting output. In order to provide light evenly in
the building, lighting fittings are distributed thus necessitating cabling all over the building.
2.1.3 Data Loads

Several services in a commercial building require stable and reliable power supply such as power
supply to communication equipment and computers. However, these loads may be between 1- 5%
of the total load of the building. Power supply to these equipments is usually through UPS
systems; this may in fact be the tools used in energy conservation for the building.
2.1.4 Other Electrical Loads

In a commercial building, there are fixed appliances, which require special distribution systems to
supply the power required. Others however, are conveniently supplied through convenience
outlets. These loads put together can be heavy depending on the facilities installed such as kitchen
equipment, heaters, etc.
2.2 LIGHTING CIRCUIT
2.2.1 Types of Lighting

According to IEE standard, Lighting illuminates rooms and sets the scene for room use; the
different types of lighting available provide the tools for doing this. Aside from meeting the
requirements of technical and functional regulations, standards and guidelines, good lighting also
creates an aesthetically pleasing environment, generates positive moods and promotes a sense of
well-being.
The modern working world with its mobile teamwork, recreation zones and flat screen monitors
permits and requires new lighting solutions. Designing a lighting system for optimum functionality
and aesthetic appeal calls for knowledge of the different types of modern lighting available and the
kind of impact they have.
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Today, numerous luminaries systems with different lighting characteristics are available for
providing good lighting in office and administrative buildings: from the traditional recessed
luminaries for direct lighting through direct/indirect surface-mounted, pendant or standard
luminaries for variable light distribution to computerized lighting systems.
New electronic ballasts and control systems, reflector materials and lamps make for higher
luminous efficacy, precise optical control, better glare suppression and lower internal power losses.
Greater cost efficiency is achieved due to the higher light output ratios of modern types of lighting
and marked improvements have been made inconvenience and safety. Selecting the right type of
lighting entails striking the right balance between visual performance, visual comfort and visual
ambience.
It also means meeting the requirements of the technical and statutory regulations governing the
lighting levels, harmonious brightness distribution, and direct and reflected glare limitation,
direction of light, modeling, light color and color rendering required for the relevant office activity.
Designing a lighting system calls for detailed specialist knowledge their expertise and experience
of lighting designers and lighting engineers are essential for good results
2.2.LIGHTING SOCKET
A lighting circuit is the circuit which energize a light or a group of lights, it include fixed lighting
units, like ceiling pendants and up lighters, and outlets for flexible lighting systems (like track
lighting). A lighting sockets comprises of switches which put on and off the lights. There are
several configurations of lighting sockets depending on the lighting position and the type of the
switch used. Below are few configurations
2.2.1. One position- one gang switch lighting circuit: As shown in figure 2.1, a one gang switch
can be used to control a group of lights or even a single light depending on the design which is
based on IEEE standards
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Figure 2.1 One position-One gang switch configuration of a lighting circuit
2. One position- two gang switch lighting circuit: As shown figure 2.2 two gang switch can be
used to control two groups of lights or two lights depending on the design which is based on IEEE
standards
6
Figure 2.2. One position- two gang switch configuration of lighting configuration
3. Two position lighting circuit: This is the lighting circuit configuration in which a light or
group of lights can be controlled in two positions as seen in figure 2.3 below
Figure
2. 3; two position-one gang switch configuration of lighting circuit
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4. Three position-three gang switch: This is the lighting circuit configuration in which a light or
group of lights can be controlled in three positions as seen in figure 2.
Figure 2.4: Three position-3 gang switch configuration of lighting circuit
In practice we normally use two-core-and-earth cable to wire a lighting circuit, so as all

connections in a switch and junction box can be made with two-core-and-earth cable. The central
point for each light fitting is a junction box with four terminals.
There are two ways to implement this junction box those are
 First, use a specific, four-terminal lighting junction box. The junction box will normally be
concealed in a ceiling or floor void.
 Second, use an integrated ceiling rose, where the terminal blocks are part of the rose body.
The rose connects the pendant lamp holder, and hides all the connections. For simplicity,
the rose will often be supplied with exactly the right number of terminals to accommodate
all the cable connections. That is, there will be two blocks of three terminals, one block of
two, and one block of four (for the earth wires).
8
Standard lighting circuit is that when the switch is on, both wires (red and black) to the switch are
live. In order to accomplish this two-core-and-earth cable with two red conductors is always used.
Lighting circuits are usually wired with 1.5 mm2 cable and 1mm2 although 1mm2 is not
common. In some situations where the temp is below 300c even the smaller of these two cables
can be used.
However, if the cable run is long, it is more likely to exceed the maximum voltage drop regulation.
In a worst-case configuration (a long cable with maximum allowable current drawn at the far end)
it turns out that a 1 mm2 cable can be about 35 meters long so that this could not happen. If there is
a need of having a cable longer than that, you will need a more than 1mm2 cable. Lighting circuits
are not normally wired as a ring system, because the total current requirement rarely even
approaches the capacity of the cable
2.3 ILLUMINATIONS
Illumination is the amount of lumen received or produced by a light source per square metre. For
example, at full noon, sun provides about 120,000 lm/m2, diffuse day-light near a window is of the
order of 600lm/m2 (value varying widely) and full moon-light gives 0.1 to 0.3 lm/m2. Illumination
varies from place to place depending on the purpose of that entire place. For example for Hospital
wards, yards, railway platforms, warehouse and stores illumination range from 5 to 10 lm/m2 and
for Drawing offices, art exhibition, usual reading illumination range from 60 to 100 lm/m2.
Table 2.1 show various illuminations required for various purpose Illuminance E (usually 'E' in
formulas) is the total amount of visible light illuminating (incident upon) a point on a surface from
all directions above the surface. This "surface" can be a physical surface or 8 an imaginary plane.
Therefore illuminance is equivalent to irradiance weighted with the response curve of the human
eye.
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Table 2. 1. Illumination for different purpose
ILLUMINATION STANDARDFOR VARIOUS APPLICATIONS Lm/m2 (Lux)
Hospital wards, yards, railway platforms, warehouse and stores 5-10
Hospital wards, yards, railway platforms, warehouse and stores

20-40 `
In museums, drill halls, for work of simple nature not involving close
attention to fine details 40-60
Drawing offices, art exhibition, usual reading 60-100

Proof-reading, drawing, sustained reading, fine assembling, skilled bench-
work 100-200
Extra fine machine work, around needles of sewing machines and fine
engraving, 200-500
Precision work, display, task requiring rapid discrimination Above 500
2.4 LIGHTING SCHEMES
A well designed lighting scheme is one which

i. Provides adequate illumination
ii. Avoids glare and hard shadows
iii. Provides sufficiently uniform distribution of light over the working plane.
The method of determining the number, size and proper arrangement of lamps in order to produce
a given uniform illumination over a certain area, the following factors should be considered first,
those factors are as follows:
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a) Utilization factor or Coefficient of Utilization (η)
Utilization factor (UF) is the proportion of the luminous flux emitted by the lamps which reaches
the working plane. It is a measure of the effectiveness of the lighting scheme.
………………….……………… (2.1 )
Where;
The values of utilization factor vary widely depends on the following factors:
i. The type of lighting system, whether direct or indirect
ii. The type and mounting height of the fittings
iii. The colour and surface of walls and ceilings
iv. Shape and dimension of the room
For direct lighting, the value of η varies between 0.4 and 0.6 and mainly depends on the shape of
the room and the type and mounting height of fittings but very little on the colour of walls and
ceiling. For indirect lighting, its value lies between 0.1 and 0.35 and the effect of walls and ceiling,
from which light is reflected from working plane, is much greater. Exact determination of the
value of utilization factor is complicated especially in small rooms where light undergoes multiple
reflections.
b) Depreciation factor (p)
This factor allows for the fact that effective candle power of all or luminous deteriorates owing to
blackening and accumulation of dust or dirt on the globes and reflectors. The value of this factor
may be taken as 1/1.3 if the lamp fittings are cleaned regularly or 1/1.5 if there is much dust etc.
………………….……………… (2.2)
If illumination is specified in lm/m2 and the area in square meter multiplies by the illumination
required in lm/m2 gives the total useful luminous flux that must reach the working plane. Taking
11
into consideration the utilization and depreciation or maintenance factors, the expression for the
gross lumens required is:-
……………………………………………………………….(2.3)
Where E= desired illumination in lm and A is the Area of working plane to be illuminated in m2

The number of lamps or fittings can then be determined as:-
N = GL/ φ × P × η… … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . . … … . . (2.4)
Where; N is the number of fittings needed,
φ =the flux produced per fitting, GL= gross lumens, P= depreciation or maintenance factor
The size of the lamp depends on the number of fittings which, if uniform distribution is
required, should not be far apart. The actual spacing and arrangement is governed by space or
height values and by the layout of ceiling beams or columns. Greater the height, wider the spacing
that may be used, although the larger will be the unit required. Having settled the number of units
required, the lumens per unit may be found from (total lumens/number of units) from which the
size of lamp can be calculated.
c. Room index
Room index can be calculated by using the following formula below
Where
W = width of the room,
L = length of the room,
H m = mounting height
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2.5 PROCEDURES FOR LUMEN DESIGN
Procedure 1.Calculate the room index.
Procedure 2.Determine the effective reflectance of the ceiling cavity, walls and floor cavity
Procedure 3.Determine the utilizations factor from the manufacturer's data sheet, using the room
index and effective surface reflectance as found in procedure 1 and 2 above read the value
from the standard table
Procedure 4.Determine the light loss factor
Procedure 5.Insert the appropriate variables into the lumen method formula to obtain the
Number of luminaries required.
Procedure 6.Determine a suitable layout
2.6 LIGHTING INSTALLATION DESIGN
Lighting installations should abide by IEE wiring regulations. Design the lighting installation, the
following thing must be established:
 Plan and sectional drawings of the rooms
 Details of the ceiling construction
 Colours of walls and floors
 Usage of the room
 Operating conditions, e.g. temperature, humidity, dust, etc.
2.7 LAYOUTS PLAN
For any electrical design installation,the designer should have a Archirtural drawing so that to
know the equipment and material needed for that building.Also the recommended items to be
installed should be analysed by the client if necessary.The following are the layout plan for the
Immigration bulding in Mtwara Region.
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Figure2.5 : First floor layout plan
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Figure 2.6: Second floor layout plan
15
Figure2.7: Ground floor layout plan
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CHAPTER THREE
DATA COLLECTION
The project methodologies include a combination of theoretical analysis (literature
review) and empirical analysis which include the research part of the project. The
Primary data were collected from utility company, electrical contractors and electrical
Consultancy and consultations to different electrical Professionals. The secondary data were
collected through reviewing various books, internet surfing and various documents from ML
CONSULTANCY concerning installation.
There are different material or equipment required during design of electrical installation .This
material are
 Lightning fitting(conduit)
 Cable size
 Height from the floor to roof 2.9m
The following are the activities done by Immigration Office .Ground floor,First floor,second
floor-they provide passport,visa and permit and taking the data .Also there is cells for holding
illegal Immigration.
3.2.THE FOLLOWING ARE THE DATA COLLECTED
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Table 3.2.1. Ground floor
S/N Locations Dimensions in metre (M)

Width Length
1 Counter 1.40 2.07
2 Counter 1.40 2.07
3 Counter 1.40 2.07
4 Counter 1.40 2.07
5 Counter 1.40 2.07
6 Enquiry Desk 1.40 2.11

7 Corridor 1.20 8.06
8 Passport, permit & Visa 5.24 6.85
Office
9 Counter In charge 2.00 5.70
10 Cashier 2.00 5.70
11 Cello 1 2.17 4.18
12 Cello 2(a) 2.17 4.18
Cello 2 (b) 2.17 4.12
13 Waiting area 6.90 12.14
14 Lobby 5.17 6.40
15 Ladies toilets 3.24 3.30
Gents toilets 3.50 5.47
16 Main entrance 3.12 5.17
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Table 3.2.2 First floor

Width Length
1 Passport In charge 2.21 5.47
2 Permit & Visa In charge 2.21 4.12
3 Pantry 2.17 2.89
4 Lift lobby 1.16 13.62
5 Interrogation room 3.09 5.91
6 Occupational & Health 3.45 5.26

7 Corridor 1.83 10.69
8 HR, & Training and 3.07 5.91
planning office
9 Estate & Transport 3.32 4.07
10 Public Relations 2.97 3.42
11 Passport, Permit & Visa 6.87 6.95
R.I.O office
12 Secretary 4.84 5.17
13 BMC in charge 6.19 9.45
14 Lobby 5.17 6.40

16 Gents toilets 3.52 5.47
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Table 3.2.3 Second floor

Width Length
1 ICT 4.58 5.47
2 Server room 2.13 2.89
3 ICT in charge 3.09 5.92
4 Lift lobby 1.18 11.26
5 Statistics 3.08 5.91
6 Legal office 3.45 5.23

7 Corridor 1.83 10.69
8 Accountant 3.32 3.94
9 Board room 5.17 5.81

10 R.I.O office 6.87 7.19
11 Confidential registry 2.18 3.80
12 Confidential registry 2.22 3.80
13 Open registry 4.65 5.55
14 Corridor 1.67 9.70
Gents toilets 3.52 5.47
16 PS 3.56 3.79
3.3 The following are the equipment to be installed.
i. Air conditioning 1@ floor

ii. Electrical kettle 1@floor
iii. Electrical and electronic equipment like computers,printers
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CHAPTER FOUR
LIGHTING DESIGN CALCULATION
4.1. CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF LIGHTING FITTINGS
With consideration of standard ceiling, wall and floor reflectance as 70%, 50%, 20%
respectively and a maintenance factor (p) of 0.8, the numbers of lamps in the building are
calculated as follows
The first step in lighting design is to determine the visual needs of the space and identify what type
of lighting to use. A simple means of designing lighting systems is achieved by means of the
lumen method; this is a simplified design approach to enable the designer to achieve an even light
distribution in spaces of reasonably simple geometry (i.e. rectangular).
The basis of the lumen method is the following equation ;
Where
N - Is the number of luminaires required;
E - Is the required illuminance (lux);
A - Is the area to be lit;
n - Is the number of lamps per luminaire;
F - Is the lamp lumen output (lumens);
MF - is known as the maintenance factor, which is a combination of three factors;
UF - is the utilisation and is a function of the luminaire properties and room geometry.
Selection of types of lamps are done from available catalogues such as

1. THORN
2. FRANKLITE
3. PHILIPS
4. EGLO
5. ILTI LUCE
i) Waiting room
Then Room index =(12.14X6.90)/(3.15X(12.14+6.90))=1.4
The value of room index helps to read the value of utilization factor from the table of utilization
Area=length x width=12.14x6.90=83.766
E=200lux
M.F=0.8
n=4
U.F=0.54
=14.36
The type of lamp is Quattro line as Thorn stated
ii)Permit,Passport and Visa
Area=lengthx width=6.85x5.24=35.894
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N= 6.15
The number of lumps in the building is calculated in same way and can be shown in tables 4.1 and
4.2
4.1.1. Ground floor
Table 4. 1 The number of lights in ground floor

Places Dime length Mounting Illumination Room Utilization lux Number
nsion Height index factor per of
Widt fitting fitting
h
Counter 1.4 2.07 1.9 300 0.44 0.45 1350 1
Enquiry 1.40 2.11 1.9 400 0.44 0.45 1350 1
Desk
Corridor 1.20 8.06 1.9 100 0.55 0.45 1350 8
Passport, & 5.24 6.85 1.9 400 1.55 0.58 1350 6
Visa Office
Counter 2.00 5.70 1.9 600 0.78 0.45 1350 2
Incharge,
cashier
Cell 2.17 4.18 1.9 100 0.75 0.45 1350 2
Waiting area 6.90 12.14 1.9 200 2.32 0.64 1350 14
Lobby 5.17 6.40 1.9 50 1.5 0.58 1350 6
Ladies toilets 3.24 3.30 1.9 100 0.86 0.51 1350 2
Gents toilets 3.50 5.47 1.9 100 1.12 0.51 1350 3
Main 3.12 5.17 1.9 200 1.02 0.51 1350 4
entrance
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4.1.2 First and second floor
Table 4. 2 The number of lights in 1st and 2nd
Places Dime length Mounting Illumination Room Utilization lux Number

nsion Height index factor per of
Widt fitting fitting
h
Counter 1.4 2.07 1.9 300 0.44 0.45 1350 1
Enquiry Desk 1.40 2.11 1.9 400 0.44 0.45 1350 1
Corridor 1.20 8.06 1.9 100 0.55 0.45 1350 8
Passport, & 5.24 6.85 1.9 400 1.55 0.58 1350 6
Visa Office
Counter 2.00 5.70 1.9 600 0.78 0.45 1350 2
Incharge,
cashier
Cell 2.17 4.18 1.9 100 0.75 0.45 1350 2
Waiting area 6.90 12.14 1.9 200 2.32 0.64 1350 6
Lobby 5.17 6.40 1.9 50 1.5 0.58 1350 6
Ladies toilets 3.24 3.30 1.9 100 0.86 0.51 1350 2
Gents toilets 3.50 5.47 1.9 100 1.12 0.51 1350 3
Main 3.12 5.17 1.9 200 1.02 0.51 1350 4
entrance
23
4.2 POWER DISTRIBUTION.
According to IEEE regulation the number of switch socket are grouped in one circuit depend
whether it is radial or ring circuit
For ring circuit=13A with total area 100 meter square
For radial circuit=13A with total area less than 50meter square
4.3 AC CONDITIONING.
The load of the air conditioning system is usually a major portion of the total load. The load in an
office is approximately 50-80% of the total load. Architecture of the building plays a major role in
deciding on the most suitable air conditioning system.
4.4 TOTAL LOAD DEMAND
The calculations of total load demand are analyzed for each floor starting with ground
floor ,first floor and second floor as shown in tables below
Data
The supply voltage is 400V (for the three phase loads)
Supply Voltage, V=230V (for the single phase loads)
Power Factor, cosθ=0.8
Diversity Factor for lighting Fittings=0.75 and for switch sockets=0.8
Table 4.3; total load consumed by all lighting system
FLOOR DB‟S CONNECTED RATING CIRCUIT
ITEM ITEMS (W) LOAD (kW)
DBG 67 36 2.412
DBF 72 36 2.592
DBS 74 36 2.664
Total load 7.668
connected
Diversified 5.751
load(0.75)
4.4.2 CALCULATION OF TOTAL LOAD FOR ALL SOCKET OUTLETS

Table 4.4 :Total load for all switch sockets and welding socket
FLOOR DB CONNECTED ITEM TOTAL (kW)
LOAD RATING(W)
DBG 23 switch socket 300 6.9
twin 13A
DBF 35 switch socket 300 10.5
twin 13A
DBS 35 switch socket 300 10.5
twin 13A
24
TOTAL LOAD 27.9
CONNECTED
Diversified power 22.32
for a diversity
factor of 0.8
Table 4.5. :Total power of other appliances

FLOOR CONNECTED ITEM RATING TOTAL(kW)
LOAD
DBG 7 Air condition 1800 12.6
2 1200 2.4
3 2400 7.2
DBF 1 2400 2.4
6 1800 10.8
7 1200 8.4
DBS 1 2400 2.4
6 1800 10.8
8 1200 9.6
Load connected 66.9
NOTE :Electrical kettle 1@floor with 1000W
4.5. MAIN DISTRIBUTION BOARD(MDB)
Total load connected in the ground = 25.21

Total connected in the first floor = 27.75
Total load connected in the second floor =+ 28.77
81.7
4.6 DETERMINATION OF SIZE OF CABLE
The concept of cable size determination is very essential for any electrical installation, with respect
to its important to the design procedure of electrical installation the following procedures was
taken in the determination of the current carrying capacity of a particular cable while taking
into consideration the factors like the rating and type of protective device to be employed and
voltage drop in the cable. Basing on the procedure explained cable sizes are found as follows
Consider total load demand
Total power=7.668kW+27.9kW+69.9Kw=105.468Kw
Total load diversified power=105.468kW×0.8
=84.37kW
25
For three phase
Total power=
I=84.37Kw/( )
I=152.22A
From the design current above standard MCCB is chosen to be having 160A because that is the
only the standard current for MCCB that correspond to designing current 152.22A
But, Choose the correction factor Ca, Cg, Ci
Where;
Ca= Ambient Temperature Correction Factor
Cg= Cable Grouping Correction Factor
Ci = Thermal Insulation Correction Factor
It = Tabulated Current carrying capacity
In = Rating of MCCB/MCB
But for our case In=1 60A, Also from the IEE regulation 16th edition the value of Ca =1.0, Ci =1
and Cg=0.96
Therefore;
It ≥ 160
0.96×1.0×1
It≥166.67
From the standard cable as illustrated by IEE 16th edition, no current ratings of 166.67A and the
only next current is 200A direct in the ground .Now take design current for MCCB as 200A, also
the cable size can be selected as 70square millimeter this will gives an equivalent value of
0. 42mV/A/m this value can be read direct from table 4E4B 16th edition IEE regulation.
Hence main incoming MCCB for the value of current calculated above the choice of 200A.
4.7. DETERMINATION OF CABLE SIZE FOR EACH FLOOR
(i)GROUND FLOOR
Total load
Total lighting load =2.412kW
Total switch sockets load=6.9kW
Total AC Conditioning load =22.2kW
Electrical kettle = 1kW
Overall load for the ground floor = 32.512kW
Since the total power exceed 12kW then from the IEE regulation the supply for this floor will be
three phase.
= =58.66A
Therefore supply current for the ground floor =58.66A
Therefore for the particular value of the current from IEE regulations MCCB of 63A should
be used because there is no standard value of 58.66A. From the IEE regulations MCCB of 63A
corresponds to a cable size of 16mm2
26
(ii) 1ST AND 2ND FLOOR
Cable size of other floors are calculated and tabulated in the table below
Floor Load No of Supply MccB Cable size Voltage
connected(kW) Phases current(A) rating (mm2) drop
)
(A (mv/A/m)
1st 35.692 3 54.39 63 16 2.5

2nd 36.964 3 56.69 63 16 2.5
4.8. POWER SUPPLY OF THE BUILDING
The building has two sources of power which one of them is power from TANESCO in which
are transformer and Generator.
(i) Sizing of a transformer
Electrical size of the transformer load is rated in kVA. This rating provides the associated power
output delivered for a specific period by loads connected to the transformers on the secondary side
of the equipment. The loads, which are calculated as part of the building electrical system design
phase are shown in the construction documents respective equipment schedules in VA or kVA.
A general approach to determining transformer capacity and selecting the proper rating for the
design application is to obtain the calculated design load from the respective electrical schedule
and add 20% spare capacity for the f`uture load growth to be shown in the equipment schedule ,
unless otherwise directed by the facility based on the design parameters. So the transformer size
can be calculated as follows
Transformer size in kVA = =84.37kW/0.8=105.46kVA
Transformer size in kVA = 105.46kVA x 1.25

=131.83kVA
Therefore, a 200kVA, 11/0.4KV or 33/0.4kV, Dyn11, 50Hz, Oil Immersed Distribution

Transformer would be selected for the available standard rating. The most common building
standard ratings are 25, 50, 100,200,315 and 500kVA.
(ii) Size of Generator

The size of generator can be calculated as follows;
Generator size = =84.37Kw/0.8=105.46kVA
Generator size in kVA = 105.46kVA x 1.25 =131.83kVA
The Generator to be selected should be of 150kVA , 50Hz from 0lympian Generator catalogue
27
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
Since the designed system followed the electrical installation cycle which includes; building
survey, electrical systems analysis, systems design and lastly electrical drawings layouts, it
will be of help to immigration building for their daily production work. This is possible
because the designing has put into consideration all electrical installation parameters
required in the building i.e. illumination required in a given place, number of lighting
fittings, sockets outlets configuration and air conditions. On top of that the designed system has put
into consideration all switch gears and protection which include circuit breakers and earth
protection systems. Thus through designed electrical installation the life of occupants and
machines will not be in danger and it will be easier to trace fault as well as clearing them.
RECOMMENDATIONS
For designed installation, it is highly recommended to use conduit for concealed electrical
network and cable trays and trucking are used for surface cabling layouts because of neatness
and care must be taken to ensure that a qualified electrician is hired to handle the project and that
only quality materials are used.
Nevertheless maintenance and repair are of great importance thus through the
maintenance schedule one should:
 Ensure equipment is fitted with the correctly rated fuse.
 Ensure cable ends always have their outer sheaths firmly clamped to stop wires working
 loose from plugs or inside equipment
 Replace damaged sections of cable completely – never repair cuts with insulating tape.
 Make sure all wires are connected securely and labelled correspondingly
EARTHINGSYSTEMDESIGN
Length=6m
The resistivity of a site soil ρ = 100.0Ωm
The diameter of the earth rod is d=2.76mm
Hence, Resistance of earth rod is 1.637Ω
28
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1: PROJECT TIME FRAME
Months (2015/2016) NOV DEC JAN FEB MARC APRL MAY JUN
Title selection
Literature review
Data collection
Data Analysis
Design of layout plan
Project Report
Writing
APPENDIX 2:BUDGET COST ESTIMATION
Project phase Activities Costs

Communication and other 21,000
charges
Stationary charges 40,500
Progressing with printing final 90,000
report first and second
semester
Binding 7 Reports 18,000
29
Printing Drawing 30,000
TOTAL COST 199,000
APPENDEX 3: BILL OF QUANTITIES
PROPOSED REGIONAL BUILDINGS FOR IMMIGRATION IN MTWARA TANZANIA
ELECTRICAL COST ESTIMATES
DESCRIPTION UNIT QTY RATE AMOUNT TSHS.
Supply, install, test and commission the following:

Note that light fittings shall be supplied complete
with tubes and lamps,all cables should be
supplied complete with lugs, glands:
GROUND FLOOR
Power Distribution.
6 Ways TPN distribution board (DBG-AC) with

63A/300mA RCCB incomer and outgoing MCBs as
shown in schematic drawings, as MERLIN GERIN. No 1 960,000 960,000
6 Ways TPN distribution board (DBG) with 63A/300mA

RCD incomer and outgoing MCBs as shown in schematic
drawings, as MERLIN GERIN. No 1 656,000 656,000
4C x 16mm2 Cu,PVC/PVC cable from Main LV panel to

ground floor distribution board BDG-AC. Lm 296,000
8 37,000

ground floor distribution board DBG Lm 224,000
8 28,000
1C x 16mm2 Cu,PVC Green/Yellow earth cable.

Lm 8,400 184,800
22
30
50mmØ PVC conduit
Lm 6,300 31,500
5
Small Power Distribution
25mm diameter heavy gauge PVC conduits concealed

underwalls and roof floors from distribution Boards to all Lm 2,000 920,000
power and telecommunications outlet points 460
Trunking Installations;3-compartment PVC trunking 170 x

50mm to be recessed on walls(flush) and installed at
skirting level complete with all necessary fixing
accessories as MK or Equal Approved
Lm 45 45,000 2,025,000
Single core 2.5 sqmm PVC copper cables from Lm 1,200

1,640 1,968,000
distribution Boards to all power outlet points
2.5mm flexible cable from DBG to all Outdoor AC units. Lm 526 2,200 1,157,200
2 x13A switched socket including outlet box as Legrand

or Equal Approved Nos 455,000
25 18,200
Air conditioner switch , 20A DP with neon lamp and mark

" air conditioner" MEM list Nos 12 25,000 300,000
Light Fittings

underwalls and roof floors from distribution Boards to all Lm 1,500
lighting outlet points and fixtures 1,770 2,655,000

distribution Boards to all lighting outlet points 6,360 6,360,000
LIGHT FITTING TYPE A:TC-D 18W (190mm

DIAMETER) recessed downlight with white halo
Nos
attachment as Thorn Chalice 190 CAT No.CHARH 218
+chah 14 130,000 1,820,000
LIGHT FITTING TYPE B: Fluorescent Batten fitting of

slim cross-section with clip-on cover plate and adjustable
end cap system, Popular Pack Batten,1 x 36W Nos 7 52,000 364,000
LIGHT FITTING TYPE C: Polycarbonate bulkhead with

white base,tool-less gear tray fixation. with square white
opal diffuser. as Thorn Leopard Nos 15 95,000 1,425,000
31
LIGHT FITTING TYPE D: Recessed modular fluorescent
luminaire for 4X18W,Linear fluorescent lamps with high
frequence fixed output and low brightness louvre as
Thorn Quattro C-Line SAP CODE 9623561+96235617
Nos 35 175,000 6,125,000
LIGHT FITTING TYPE F: Danube, circular luminaire for

18W TC-DEL Fluorescent lamp with Die cast
polycarbonate body Nos 6 190,000 1,140,000
LIGHT FITTING TYPE H:Wall mounted outdoor luminare

in black die-cast aluminium with polycarbonate bowl, with
26W TC-D Fluorescent lamp, IP65 protected with grille as Nos
12 120,000 1,440,000
thorn concept SAP CODE 96002233+96002228
Exit Sign luminaire surface/suspended mounted with 3hrs

duration emergency bulkhead for 8W T5as Thorn Nos 210,000
Voyeger Exel SAP Code 96503793 2 105,000
One way 1 gang light switch as Legrand or equivalent

Nos 8,000 160,000
20

Nos 9,000 27,000
3
Two way 1 gang light switch as Legrand or equivalent

Nos 9,000 27,000
3
SUB TOTAL-GROUND FLOOR

30,930,500.00
FIRST FLOOR
Power Distribution.
8 Ways TPN distribution board (DBF-A/C) with

6 Ways TPN distribution board (DBF-A/C) with

63A/300mA RCD incomer and outgoing MCBs as shown
in schematic drawings, as MERLIN GERIN. No 1 656,000 656,000

first floor distribution board DBF A/C. Lm 444,000
12 37,000

ground floor distribution board DBF Lm 336,000
12 28,000
lm 8,400 268,800
32
32
50mmØ PVC conduit
Lm 6,300 37,800
6

power and telecommunications outlet points 530 1,060,000

accessories as MK
Lm 84 45,000 3,780,000

distribution Boards to all power outlet points 1,900 2,280,000
2.5mm flexible cable from DBF to all Outdoor AC units. Lm 528 2,200 1,161,600

34 18,200

" air conditioner" MEM list or Equal Approved Nos 14 25,000 350,000
Light Fittings


4,370 4,370,000
distribution Boards to all lighting outlet points

Nos
attachment as Thorn Chalice 190 CAT No.CHARH 218 14 130,000 1,820,000
+chah


33
Thorn Quattro C-Line SAP CODE 9623561+96235617
Nos 44 175,000 7,700,000

polycarbonate body Nos 2 190,000 380,000

Nos 8,000 160,000
20

Nos 9,000 27,000
3

Nos 9,000 18,000
2
Intermidiate light switch as Legrand or equivalent

Nos 1,200 1,200
1
SUB TOTAL-FIRST FLOOR

29,451,200
SECOND FLOOR
Power Distribution.
8 Ways TPN distribution board (DBS-A/C) with

6 Ways TPN distribution board (DBS) with 63A/300mA

RCD incomer and outgoing MCBs as shown in schematic
drawings, as MERLIN GERIN. No 1 656,000 656,000

second floor distribution board DBS-AC Lm 592,000
16 37,000

second floor distribution board DBS Lm 448,000
16 28,000

lm 8,400 310,800
37
50mmØ PVC conduit

Lm 6,300
260 1,638,000
34
underwalls and roof floors from distribution Boards to all Lm 2,000 920,000
power and telecommunications outlet points 460

accessories as MK
Lm 105 45,000 4,725,000

distribution Boards to all power outlet points 1,650 1,980,000
2.5mm flexible cable from DBS to all Outdoor AC units. Lm 556 2,200 1,223,200

28 18,200

" air conditioner" MEM list or Equal Approved Nos 15 25,000 375,000
Light Fittings


distribution Boards to all lighting outlet points 4,450 4,450,000

Nos
attachment as Thorn Chalice 190 CAT No.CHARH 218 130,000 1,820,000
+chah 14



Thorn Quattro C-Line SAP CODE 9623561+96235617 Nos 48 175,000 8,400,000
35
polycarbonate body Nos 2 190,000 380,000

Nos 8,000 144,000
18

Nos 8,000 16,000
2

Nos 9,000 27,000
3
SUB TOTAL-SECOND FLOOR

32,626,600.00
MAIN SUPPLY
8-Way TPN Purpose Made, Main LV Panel board with

200A MCCB main incomer and outgoing MCB's as per
main distribution schematic drawing and technical
specifications complete with all cable terminations.The
panel to be manufactured by Merin Gerin or equal
approved.
No 1 8,200,000 8,200,000
4C x 70mm2 Cu,PVC/SWA/ PVC cable from transformer,

Generator to change over switch to main live panel board Lm 100 45,000 4,500,000
1C x 35mm2 Cu,PVC Green/Yellow earth cable. Lm 10 8,400 84,000
11KV ligthing arrestor C/w fuse Isolator set 2 546,875.00 1,093,750
Metering cabinet 200A No 1 8,000,000 8,000,000
300mm cable tray for cable riser to be used for Data and
Power Lm 20 35,000 700,000
70sqmm 4core U/G cable with copper cable lugs for its
connection
Lm 60 105,000 6,300,000
Allow for testing and commissioning of the entire

Installation item 1 825,000 825,000
Allow preparation of three copies of " Installed Drawings"

and operating manuals. item 1 1,000,000 1,000,000
36
Transformer:200kVA,11kV/400V, Complite with it all
necessary connection accesories and termination kits as
Tanalec, ABB or Aproved Equal item 1 16,000,000 16,000,000
Supply and install the PERKINS generator set of 3 Phase,

200kVA, 50Hz – diesel generator sets with sound
attenuated, auto start generator set and all features
required for standby applications conveniently packaged
together.
Sum 1 94,875,000 94,875,000
200A TPN automatic changeover switch comprising of 3-

pole electrically and mechanically interlocked 200A
motorised MCCB complete with controller Sum 1 13,000,000 13,000,000
Supply and installation of control cable 2.5mm2 x 12core

Lm 50 80,000 4,000,000
SUB TOTAL MAIN SUPPLY TSHS. 158,577,750

SUMMARY
SUB TOTAL GROUND FLOOR

TSHS. 30,930,500
SUB TOTAL-FIRST FLOOR

TSHS. 29,451,200
SUB TOTAL-SECOND FLOOR

TSHS. 32,626,600
SUB TOTAL MAIN SUPPLY

TSHS. 158,577,750
TOTAL COST 251,586,050
37
APPENDEX 4: ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS
 Ditribution boards
 Lighting
 Switch sockets and welding
sockets
38
APPENDIX 5: STANDARDS FOR SELECTION OF MCCB AND EARTH WIRE
Multicore p.v.c.-insulated cables, non-armoured

(COPPER CONDUCTORS)
BS 6004
BS 6346
ambient temperature: 30°С
CURRENT-CARRYING CAPACITY (Amperes):
Conductor operating temperature 70°С
Conducto Reference (enclosed in Reference Method 3 Reference Method 1 ReferenceMethod11(on
r cross an insulated wall, etc) (enclosed in conduit (clipped direct) perforated cable tray),
sectional on a wall or ceiling, Reference Method 13
or in trunking) (free air)
I two- I three I two I three I two I three I two I three core cable
core core core core core core core four-core cable
cable* cable * or cable* cable* or cable* cable* cable* phase a.c
single- I single I four- single single- single
phase a.c. Four-core phase core phase phase a.c phase
or d.c cable, a.c or cable, a.c. or dc or d.c a.c or 9
three d.c three – d.c
phase a.c phase a.c
1 7
2 3 6
4 5 8
mm2 A A A A A A A A
1 11 10 13 11.5 15 13.5 17 14.5

1.5 14 13 16.5 15 19.5 17.5 22 18.5
2.5 18.5 17.5 23 20 27 24 30 25

4 25 23 30 27 36 32 40 34
6 32 29 38 34 46 41 51 43
10 43 39 52 46 63 57 70 60
16 57 52 69 63 85 76 94 80
39
25 75 68 90 80 112 96 119 101
35 92 83 111 99 138 119 148 126
50 110 99 133 118 168 144 180 153
70 139 125 168 200 213 184 232 196
95 167 150 201 203 258 223 282 238
120 192 172 232 206 299 259 328 276

150 219 196 258 225 344 299 379 319
185 248 223 294 255 392 341 434 364
240 291 261 244 297 461 403 514 430
300 334 298 394 339 530 464 593 497
400 - - 470 402 634 557 715 597
In selecting earth wires sizes the following table of standards may be used.
Size of copper phase conductor mm2 Minimum size of copper earthing conductor
mm2
Up to 16 Same size
16 to 35 16
Over 35 Half phase conductor size.
40
REFERENCES
Electrical installation guide According to IEC international standards
IEE Regulation Book
Electrical-wiring-Wikipedia, free-encyclopedia,
http//www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/electricalwiring (26/11/2016)
Ring circuit -Wikipedia, free encyclopedia,
http//www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ringcircuit(12/12/2015)
Lighting fundamental manual
http://www.cleanaircounts.org/resource%20package/A%20Book/EE%20Lighting/manual/
lightingfund.pdf(24/12/2015)
Diversity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity factor(12/01/2016)
41

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DAR ES SALAAM INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPERTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

PROJECT TITLE : DESIGN OF AN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

PROJECT TYPE : DESIGNING

PRESENTED BY : MIRAJI ZANURA J

ADMISSION NUMBER : 120333421216

ACADEMIC YEAR : 2015/2016

SUPERVISED BY : MR SIMION KABINGO

STUDENT NAME. MIRAJI ZANURA J

SUPERVISOR NAME: SIMON KABINGO

Table 2. 1. Illumination for different purpose.................................................................................. 10

Figure2.5 : First floor layout plan .................................................................................................... 14

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT

The objectives of this project are divided into two categories:

1.3.1 MAIN OBJECTIVE

1.4 PROJECT SIGNIFICANCE

This is final stage of introducing full information of the Project

2.1 CONCEPT OF ELECTRICAL LOADS IN COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

2.1.1 Air conditioning Load

2.1.2 Lighting Load

2.1.3 Data Loads

2.1.4 Other Electrical Loads

2.2 LIGHTING CIRCUIT

2.2.1 Types of Lighting

Figure 2.4: Three position-3 gang switch configuration of lighting circuit

In practice we normally use two-core-and-earth cable to wire a lighting circuit, so as all

Hospital wards, yards, railway platforms, warehouse and stores 5-10

Hospital wards, yards, railway platforms, warehouse and stores

Drawing offices, art exhibition, usual reading 60-100

Precision work, display, task requiring rapid discrimination Above 500

2.4 LIGHTING SCHEMES

A well designed lighting scheme is one which

b) Depreciation factor (p)

Where E= desired illumination in lm and A is the Area of working plane to be illuminated in m2

Where; N is the number of fittings needed,

Room index can be calculated by using the following formula below

W = width of the room,

L = length of the room,

Procedure 1.Calculate the room index.

Procedure 4.Determine the light loss factor

Number of luminaries required.

Procedure 6.Determine a suitable layout

2.6 LIGHTING INSTALLATION DESIGN

2.7 LAYOUTS PLAN

The project methodologies include a combination of theoretical analysis (literature

3.2.THE FOLLOWING ARE THE DATA COLLECTED

S/N Locations Dimensions in metre (M)

6 Enquiry Desk 1.40 2.11

S/N Locations Dimensions in metre (M)

6 Occupational & Health 3.45 5.26

14 Lobby 5.17 6.40

S/N Locations Dimensions in metre (M)

6 Legal office 3.45 5.23

9 Board room 5.17 5.81

3.3 The following are the equipment to be installed.

i. Air conditioning 1@ floor

LIGHTING DESIGN CALCULATION

4.1. CALCULATION OF NUMBER OF LIGHTING FITTINGS

The basis of the lumen method is the following equation ;

Selection of types of lamps are done from available catalogues such as

Table 4. 1 The number of lights in ground floor