Design and Modeling of Fluid Power Systems

ME 597/ABE 591 Lecture 4 - homework

Dr. Monika Ivantysynova

MAHA Professor Fluid Power Systems

MAHA Fluid Power Research Center

Purdue University
 Displacement Machines
SICFP’05, June 1-3, 2005, Linköping

Study different design principles and learn about the following topics

Axial piston pump design solutions (swash plate and bent axis)

Radial piston pumps and motors – piston support

Gear Pumps – internal and external – axial and radial gap compensation

Vane pumps – advantage and disadvantage of this design

Please study the appropriate chapters in

Ivantysyn, J. and Ivantysynova, M. (2001), Hydrostatic Pumps and Motors.
Akademia Books International. New Dehli. ISBN-81-85522-16-2

Aim: - To be able to select the right design for your system application!
- Knowledge about limitations of each basic design
- To apply models on system level for each design

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Displacement Machines
SICFP’05, June 1-3, 2005, Linköping
V

Swash Plate Machines

Axial Piston Machines

Piston Machines
Bent Axis machines
ß

F
In-line Piston Machines
with external piston support
e

Radial Piston Machines

with internal piston support

F External Gear
Gear Machines
Internal Gear
Annual Gear
F
Vane Machines Screw Machines others
Fixed displacement machines Variable displacement machines
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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
6 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Bent axis
SICFP’05, axial
June 1-3, piston pumps
2005, Linköping

Synchronization of cylinder block

Driving flange
Cylinder block

Using a bevel gear

Using a universal joint

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
18 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Bent axis
SICFP’05, axial
June 1-3, piston pumps
2005, Linköping

Synchronization of cylinder block connecting rod

piston

Piston rod
Cardan joint Synchronization by piston rod
Synchronization by pistons

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
19 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Kinematics
SICFP’05, June 1-3, of
2005,bent axis pumps
Linköping

Four link 3D mechanism Five link 3D mechanism

Cylinder (4)
Cylinder (4) Frame (1)
Frame (1) Piston rod (5)
Piston (3)

Piston (3)

Driving flange (2)

Driving flange (2)
Assuming a fixed connection between link 2 and link 4, achieved by
synchronization the mechanism has finally three
mechanism has finally two degrees degrees of freedom
of freedom Piston can rotate about z3-axis and
Piston can rotate about z 3 -axis piston rod can rotate about z5-axis
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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
20 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Piston Design
SICFP’05, June 1-3, 2005, Linköping

Short piston with piston rod Long piston with piston rod

Synchronization by Synchronization by
universal joint or bevel gear pistons or piston rods

Spherical piston with piston ring Conical piston with piston rings

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
16 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Design Examples
SICFP’05, June 1-3, 2005, Linköping

Driving flange bearings Pump control device

Spherical valve plate

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
22 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Design Examples
SICFP’05, June 1-3, 2005, Linköping

Driving flange bearings

Fixed displacement pump

Conical piston

Spherical valve plate

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
23 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Radial Piston
SICFP’05, June Pumps
1-3, 2005, Linköping

with external piston support with internal piston support

Rotating cylinder body

Stationary cylinder body
Suction Stroke ring
Delivery

Suction
Delivery
eccentricity
Rotating cam or crankshaft

Displacement volume adjustable by changing eccentricity e

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
29 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Radial Piston
SICFP’05, June Pumps
1-3, 2005, Linköping

Multiple stroke radial piston pumps

with external piston support with internal piston support
Rotating cylinder body
Stationary cylinder body

Stationary stroke ring Rotating cam

Only fixed displacement pumps realizable!

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
30 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Piston support
SICFP’05, on outer
June 1-3, 2005, Linköpingstroke ring

Plane valve plate Stroke ring

Stroke ring

Piston

Rotating cylinder body Piston rotation enforced

by friction force Ff

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
16 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Piston
SICFP’05,support on Linköping
June 1-3, 2005, outer stroke ring

Stroke ring

Piston

Piston roller guide

Stroke ring borne in roller bearings Piston sliding bearing

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
17 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Piston
SICFP’05,support on Linköping
June 1-3, 2005, outer stroke ring

Slipper support Stroke ring

Hydrodynamically
Hydrostatically
Slipper pocket balanced slipper
balanced slipper

Ball joint inside the piston

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
18 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Stroke ring
SICFP’05, June support
1-3, 2005, Linköping

Using a sliding carriage supported using line contact

Stroke ring mounted on a pivot

Change of eccentricity by pivoting

the stroke ring about pivot axis

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
19 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Design Example
SICFP’05, June 1-3, 2005, Linköping

Pump control system Slipper

Piston

Stroke ring
Control journal

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
20 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
External
SICFP’05, Junegear pump
1-3, 2005, Linköping

Basic principle
Radial gaps between teeth addendum circle and housing

Housing Inlet Outlet

Driving gear

Qe = V ⋅ n − QS
Driven gear

Axial gaps between housing and the gear pair must be very small to seal the
displacement chamber
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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
13 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Two stage
SICFP’05, gear
June 1-3, pump
2005, Linköping

Inlet 1 Outlet 2
p1 p4
Driving gear
∆p1 = p2 − p1

∆p2 = p4 − p3

p2 p3 Driven gear
Driven gear
Outlet 1 Inlet 2

Outlet 1 and inlet 2 can be connected p2 = p3

or the pump can have two separate outlets p1 = p3

∆p1 ≈ ∆p2
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
the driving gear is pressure balanced!
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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
14 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Internal
SICFP’05, Junegear pump
1-3, 2005, Linköping

Internal gear (ring gear) Pinion Advantages:

Better suction ability
Higher efficiency
More compact design
Less noise emission
Pressure zone Suction zone

Crescent shaped divider

Using teeth of standard involute design requires a combination where the

pinion has two or more fewer teeth than the ring gear! Pinion and ring gear
are then separated by a crescent shaped divider.

Longer duration of teeth meshing leads to better sealing function

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
15 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Internal
SICFP’05, Junegear pump
1-3, 2005, Linköping

Crescent shaped divider

Many different tooth profiles have been applied in the recent past.
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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
16 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Annular gear
SICFP’05, June pumps
1-3, 2005, Linköping

Applying specially generated tooth curves it can be achieved, that the inner
rotor (the pinion) has only one tooth less than the ring gear, thus eliminating the
crescent-shaped divider.
Ring gear (z2) Each tooth of the pinion maintains
continuous sliding contact with a
Outlet Inlet tooth of the ring gear, providing
fluid tight engagement.

Relative sliding velocity between

pinion and ring gear is very small
Pinion (z1)
quiet operation and long
service life
−1

z 2 = z1 + 1 z ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
Gerotor pump n2 = n1 ⋅ 1 = n1 ⋅ ⎜⎜1 − ⎟⎟ = n1 ⋅ ⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟
z2 ⎝ z2 ⎠ ⎝ z1 ⎠
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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
17 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Annular gear
SICFP’05, June 1-3,pump – Orbit principle
2005, Linköping

2 Pressure port z 2 = z1 + 1
Ring gear (z2) fixed

Rotating pinion (z1)

Outlet Inlet Displacement volume is
given by z1 times z2 tooth
spaces

Multiple delivery of
each tooth space
Rotating
distributor
1 Suction port
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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
18 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Pressure compensated
SICFP’05, June axial gaps
1-3, 2005, Linköping

Sealing ring Gear pair Shaft seal

A = (1.1 ÷ 1.3) ⋅ z
F
p2
Pressurized area A Axial gap
Sliding bearing

FZ FZ

End cap Bearing bushings housing Front cover

Only one direction of shaft rotation possible!

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
18 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Pressure compensated
SICFP’05, June axial gaps
1-3, 2005, Linköping

2 ⋅ Fz
A = (1.1 ÷ 1.3) ⋅ Driving gear Axial gap – pressure compensated
p2 Pressurized area

Sealing

2FZ

Sliding bearings Driven gear Improved volumetric efficiency

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
19 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Pressure compensated
SICFP’05, June radial gaps
1-3, 2005, Linköping

Radial gap compensation

Axial gap compensation

Pressurized area

Bearing bushing

Small pressure zone achievable

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
20 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Gear pump
SICFP’05, June 1-3,– design
2005, Linköpingexample

Driving gear Shaft seal

outlet inlet

Driven gear

Bearing bushing performing a radial and axial gap compensation

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
20 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Internal gear
SICFP’05, June 1-3,pump- design example
2005, Linköping

Internal gear pump with axial and radial gap compensation

Pinion
Ring gear special shaped divider

inlet

Pressurized area Moveable bearing shell

outlet
Radial gap compensation
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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
21 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Screw
SICFP’05, Pumps
June 1-3, 2005, Linköping

With two meshing screws

outlet

inlet

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
22 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Screw
SICFP’05, Pumps
June 1-3, 2005, Linköping

outlet
t…thread pitch

outlet
inlet
With three meshing screws

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
23 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Vane Pumps
SICFP’05, June 1-3, 2005, Linköping
Classification of vane pumps

Unbalanced vane pump Balanced vane pump

Stator
Rotor

Fixed and variable pump design Only fixed displacement pump

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
36 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Vane pumps-
SICFP’05, June 1-3,basic working principle
2005, Linköping

Single stroke vane pump – variable

displacement volume inlet

Overcentre pump – the direction of flow can be re-

versed by change of eccentricity, i.e. without outlet
changing the direction of rotation of the drive shaft

Relatively high friction between no flow!

axial moveable vanes and rotor
&
between vanes and stator outlet

Large radial forces exerted on the rotor inlet

Limitation of max. operating pressure (20 MPa)

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
37 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Vane pumps-
SICFP’05, classification
June 1-3, 2005, Linköping

Multiple stroke vane pump Rigid vane pump

Rotor

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
38 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Fluid distribution
SICFP’05, June 1-3, 2005, Linköping

External fluid distribution

Internal fluid distribution
outlet
stator

rotor

inlet Distributor - fixed control journal

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
39 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Rigid vane
SICFP’05, June 1-3,pump
2005, Linköping

Displacement volume: Stator ring

Rotor
π ⋅ (D 2 − d 2 ) 180 − α ⎛D d⎞
Vg = 2 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅b − 2⋅⎜ − ⎟⋅c ⋅b
4 180 ⎝ 2 2⎠

Pulsation free flow

vane
1st rotor 2nd rotor

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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power
© Dr. Monika Ivantysynova
20 Systems, ME 597/ABE 591