Introductions

Exercise 1.
Calculate the mean free path in a plate with thickness a (neutrons fly onto a plate from a vacuum). Calculate the
limiting case as a -> ∞. Calculate the length of the free path at а << 1/Σ.

Exercise 2.
A neutron beam with intensity I0 = 4*108 [n / (cm2 s)] falls on a thin plate (area S = 1 cm2, thickness Δx = 0.1 cm) of
graphite, density ρ = 1.6 g / cm3, total interaction micro-section σt = 2.8 barn To calculate
a) The rate of interaction of neutrons with the nuclei of the medium (the number of reactions per unit time)
b) The probability of the neutron to interact with the nuclei of graphite (either a collision, or flies through).

Exercise 3.
a) Calculate the distance at which a beam of neutrons that have not experienced a single collision will attenuate 10
times. Neutrons fly onto a semi-infinite D2O medium with an energy of 2 MeV.
b) Calculate the probability that if a neutron collides with the nucleus of the medium, then it will collide with the
nucleus of deuterium.
Exercise 4.
Two neutron beams intersect at an angle of 90 degrees at point O (as shown in the figure).
a) Find the one-way currents and the total neutron current through the dS area (the normal is directed to the right).
b) At the point O, find the total flux and the neutron current vector.

Exercise 5.
Three-point sources in vacuum with power S [1 / c] are located at the corners of an equilateral triangle, point D is
plotted in the middle of one side. Find the total flux and current vector at this point.
One Speed Diffusion
Task №1
An isotropic point source of neutrons with a power q of neutrons / sec emits into an infinite
homogeneous moderator. Find the number of neutrons passing through the surface of a sphere
with radius R (leakage), centered at the source point

q exp- r
.
 ( r) = L
The neutron flux has the form: 4D r
Task №2
Infinite environment in which there is a plate 2 * a thick, consisting of the same material as the
medium, but in which sources are distributed with power q (n / cm3 s)

Find the flow in the plate and in the medium?

Task №3
For given environmental parameters, compare critical reactor volumes in the form of a sphere of radius
R and a cylinder of radius R and height H = 2 * R.

 a  0.237 см 1

 f  f  0.242 см1;
D  1 см.

а = 80 см
S
lTask №1
o
From the data presented in the tables:

w
a) Calculate the average number of collisions required for neutron thermalization from 2 MeV
to 1 eV in moderators 1,2 and 3.

ib) Calculate the deceleration factor and deceleration ability for all three retarders.
n
c) Indicate which of these moderators is best for neutron moderation.
d) Indicate which of these moderators is the most effective moderator.
gTable 1
Down Isotope А σ,b s σ ,b а
X 12 100 3
Y 6 500 2
Z 32 140 5

Таблица 2

Moderator Chemical formula Σs, см-1 Σа, см-1

1 X 10.0 0.03
2 XY2 110.0 0.07
3 Z2 0.7 0.025

Task №2
The neutron slows down in an environment consisting of water and uranium 238 in a 1: 1 ratio (NU =
NH20). Suppose a neutron is absorbed only on the first three resonances of uranium-238 (the data are
given in the table).

A) Calculate the probability of avoiding resonance absorption at these resonances.

B) What is the probability - if a neutron is absorbed, then it is absorbed at the first resonance (6.67 eV)?

Water
σs(H) 20 b
σs(0) 3,39 b
ξ (H2O) 0.94
U-238
Ieff (Er=6.67 эВ) 40 b
Ieff (Er=20,9 эВ) 16 b
Ieff (Er=36,7 эВ) 13 b
Task 1
Diffusion in two energy groups of neutrons.

The diffusion and moderative properties of light water at 20 ° C are shown in Table.

Fast (1) Thermal (2)

D, см 1.13 0.1416
Σs 1→2, см-1 0.0419 -
Σа, см-1 << Σs 1→2 0.022

Determine the distribution of the flux density of thermal and fast neutrons in a semi-infinite
medium consisting of light water. The flux densities of fast and thermal neutrons at x = 0 are 2 ×
1013 neutrons / cm2 × s and 1013 neutrons / cm2 × s, respectively. Calculate the coordinates of the
points at which the flux densities of fast and thermal neutrons reach their highest values. Draw
spatial distributions of flux densities of fast and thermal neutrons.

Task 2

The radiation capture cross section for a particular isotope was measured at the following energies: 50
eV, 200 barn; 100 eV, 245 barn; 150 eV, 275 barn; 300 eV, 200 barn; 350 eV, 180 barn; 400 eV, 210 barn
Calculate the radiation capture cross section for the group Eg = 75 eV, Eg-1 = 425 eV.

Task 3
Calculate the critical radius of a bare homogeneous cylindrical reactor of height H = 3 m. Using a
2-group theory with the following parameters:

Group 1 group 2
 1 0
v f  f , см-1 0,0085 0,1851
 a , см-1 0,0121 0,121
1S 2 , см-1 0,0241 -
D , см 1,267 0,354