Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Grades 6-8
by Linda Ward Beech
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Scholastic Inc. grants teachers permission to photocopy the designated reproducible pages from this book for classroom use.
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ISBN 0-439-27174-6
Answers 48
To the Teacher
Why Teach Analogies?
Synonyms (pages 8–11)
A
nalogies explore word—and therefore
concept—relationships. Implicit in making Page 8 This page helps students review the
analogies are numerous critical thinking use of synonyms, perhaps the most
skills. It is for these reasons that analogies common word relationship found in
appear on so many standardized tests. analogies.
Teaching analogies offers important and concrete
Page 9 This page provides practice using syn-
benefits to students. Working with analogies
onym analogies with the “is to” format.
✤ expands students’ vocabulary.
✤ directs students to recognize different shades Think Aloud
of word meanings.
A smirk is a kind of smile so these words are
✤ helps students understand relationships among synonyms; this is a synonym analogy. I need
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
words and ideas. to find another word for cautious. Grin? No, that
✤ reinforces students’ ability to make comparisons. is a synonym for smile, but not for cautious.
Careful? That seems like a possible choice—
✤ increases reading comprehension.
cautious and careful have similar meanings—
✤ causes students to read more carefully. but I’ll read the other choices to be sure.
✤ develops reasoning skills. Caution? No, caution is a noun. I need an
adjective like cautious to complete this analogy.
✤ prepares students for standardized tests. Careless? No, that does not mean the same
as cautious. The answer is careful.
Using the Book
The reproducible pages in this book provide
step-by-step instruction in introducing and Page 10 Read the tip and review the meaning
practicing seven kinds of analogies. Students of the symbols. For each item, suggest
review the skill needed for understanding each that students repeat a sentence similar
kind of analogy and become familiar with the to the one given in the tip.
formats in which the analogies appear. The THINK!
component at the bottom of each page directs
students to explain and explore their reasoning.
Teacher Tip
As you introduce each type of analogy or for- Remind students as often as necessary to
mat, you’ll want to model how to do it by thinking read all the choices for an analogy before
aloud. See the sample Think Alouds for each writing an answer.
section. Be sure to provide dictionaries and/or
thesauruses for students to use as they work on
the analogies. Page 11 On this page students must choose a
word pair to complete the analogy.
Teacher Tip Remind students to look for a word
Working in pairs or small groups gives students pair in which the words are related in
the opportunity to try out and explain their the same way as the first word pair.
thinking as they complete the analogies.
4
Antonyms (pages 12–16) Page 16 This page reviews synonym and
antonym analogies. Remind students
Page 12 This page provides practice in using
of the importance of understanding
antonyms, another common word
the relationship of the first two words
relationship found in analogies.
in the analogy.
Page 13 This page provides practice using
antonym analogies with the “is to” format. Homophones (pages 17–21)
Page 17 This page provides practice in reviewing
Think Aloud homophones.
Influential means the opposite of powerless so Page 18 On this page students use homophone
this is an antonym analogy. I need to find the analogies with the “is to” format.
opposite of bend. Shape? No, it’s not the
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
Page 15 On this page students must choose a Page 20 On this page students must choose a
word pair to complete the analogy. word pair to complete the analogy.
Remind students to look for a word Page 21 This page reviews synonym, antonym,
pair in which the words are related in and homophone analogies. Remind
the same way as the first word pair. students of the importance of under-
standing the relationship of the first
two words in the analogy.
5
Example and Class (pages 22–26) Think Aloud
Page 22 This page gives students practice in
A camera photographs things so this is an
grouping items into classes in prepara-
object/function analogy. I need to find the
tion for example and class analogies.
function of a ruler. Inch? No, a ruler measures
Page 23 On this page students use example in inches, but inch is not a function. Foot?
and class analogies with the “is to” No, a ruler can measure feet, but a foot is not
format. a function. Picture? No, a picture is what a
camera takes, but it is not the function of a
Think Aloud ruler. Measure? Yes, the function of a ruler is
to measure.
A semicolon is a form of punctuation so this
analogy is one of example and class. I need
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
6
Think Aloud Think Aloud
An action of a surgeon is to operate so this Toothpaste is found in a pharmacy so this is a
is a doer/action analogy. I need to find the location analogy. I need to find a location for
action of an author. I can predict that it will be money. I can predict that it will be a bank or a
to write. Let’s see if that is an answer choice. wallet. Let’s see what the answer choices are.
Illustrate? No, that is the action of an artist. Dollars? No, dollars are a kind of money but
Narrate? Well, an author does narrate. I’ll read not a location for it. Drugstore? No, drugstore
the other choices though. Doctor? No, doctor is a synonym for pharmacy but not a location
is a noun, not a verb or action word. Correct? for money. Teeth? No, toothpaste is used on
That’s not the main function of an author. teeth. Bank? Yes, a bank is a place where
I think narrate is the best choice here. It’s not money is located. So my prediction was correct.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
7
Synonyms Name ________________
Reviewing Synonyms
Words that have similar meanings are called synonyms. Rewrite each sentence
using a synonym from the box in place of the underlined word.
1. Andrea went all over the woods looking for wild mushrooms.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
2. She didn’t know that they were rare at this time of year.
THINK!
What other synonyms could you use
for each word?
8
Synonyms Name ________________
Synonym Sets
Synonyms are often used in analogies. When the words in the first set of an analogy are
synonyms, the words in the second set must be synonyms too. Complete each analogy
sentence with a synonym for the third underlined word.
Tip
Gift is to present as string is to twine.
Say to yourself: Gift is a synonym for present,
so a synonym for string would be twine.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Explain to a partner why you chose
each answer.
9
Synonyms Name ________________
Synonym Analogies
Analogies are sometimes written with symbols. The symbol [:] stands for the words is to, and the
symbol [::] stands for as. Read the first word pair in each analogy below. Then choose the correct
word to complete the analogy.
Tip
enough : sufficient :: retort : answer
Say to yourself: Enough is to sufficient (they are synonyms)
as retort is to answer (they are synonyms too).
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Review your answers with a partner. Explain
why you did not choose the other words.
10
Synonyms Name ________________
Synonym Pairs
Each word pair is the beginning of an analogy. Complete the analogy by choosing the word pair
that is related in the same way.
Tip
approve : endorse :: tranquil : serene
Say to yourself: Approve and endorse are synonyms.
To complete the analogy, the second word pair must
also have synonyms. Tranquil and serene are synonyms.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner. Explain how
the word pairs you did not choose are related.
11
Antonyms Name ________________
Reviewing Antonyms
Words that have opposite meanings are called antonyms. Rewrite each sentence
using an antonym from the box in place of each underlined word.
THINK!
How do the words you used change
the meaning of each sentence?
12
Antonyms Name ________________
Antonym Sets
Antonyms are often used in analogies. When the words in the first set of an analogy are antonyms,
the words in the second set must be antonyms too. Complete each analogy sentence with an
antonym for the third underlined word.
Tip
Then is to now as traitor is to patriot.
Say to yourself: Then is to now (they are antonyms),
as traitor is to patriot(they are antonyms too).
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner.
Explain why you chose them.
13
Antonyms Name ________________
Antonym Analogies
Analogies are sometimes written with symbols. The symbol [:] stands for the words is to, and the
symbol [::] stands for as. Read the first word pair in each analogy below. Then choose the correct
word to complete the analogy.
Tip
inquire : reply :: cleanse : soil
Say to yourself: Inquire is an antonym for reply,
so an antonym for cleanse would be soil.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Review your answers with a partner. Explain
why you did not choose the other words.
14
Antonyms Name ________________
Antonym Pairs
Each word pair is the beginning of an analogy. Complete the
analogy by choosing the word pair that is related in the same way.
YES!
Tip
anterior : posterior :: deny : affirm
Say to yourself: Anterior and posterior are antonyms. To complete the analogy, the
second word pair must also have antonyms. Deny and affirm are also antonyms.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Review your answers with a partner. Explain
why you did not choose the other words.
15
Antonyms Name ________________
Review 1: Analogy Relationships
Read the first set of the analogy. Write the phrase that tells how the words are related.
Then choose the correct word to complete the analogy.
THINK!
Tell a partner why it is important to recognize how
the words in the first set of an analogy are related.
16
Homophones Name ________________
Reviewing Homophones
Words that sound alike but have different spellings and meanings are
called homophones. New, knew, and gnu are homophones. Rewrite each
sentence using a homophone from the box in place of the underlined word.
1. Slowly, the boat made its way through the narrow straight.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
5. Skillfully, the mate trust up the lines and made the boat secure.
THINK!
What other homophones do you know?
17
Homophones Name ________________
Homophone Sets
Homophones are often used in analogies. When the words in the first set of an analogy are
homophones, the words in the second set must be homophones too. Complete each analogy
sentence with a homophone for the third underlined word.
Tip
Shoo is to shoe as toad is to towed.
Say to yourself: Shoo is a homophone for shoe,
so a homophone for toad would be towed.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Explain to a partner what each homophone means.
18
Homophones Name ________________
Homophone Analogies
Analogies are sometimes written with symbols. The symbol [:] stands for the words is to, and the
symbol [::] stands for as. Read the first word pair in each analogy below. Then choose the correct
word to complete the analogy.
Tip
suite : sweet :: flower : flour
Say to yourself: Suite is to sweet (they are homophones)
as flower is to flour (they are homophones too).
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Use each homophone you chose in a sentence.
19
Homophone Name ________________
Homophone Pairs
Each word pair is the beginning of an analogy. Complete the analogy by choosing the word pair
that is related in the same way.
Tip
mussel : muscle :: boy : buoy
Say to yourself: Mussel and muscle are homophones. To complete the analogy,
the second word pair must also have homophones. Boy and buoy are homophones.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
8. oh : owe :: _____
costume : custom least : most worry : fret flue : flew
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner. Explain how
the word pairs you did not circle are related.
20
Homophones Name ________________
Review 2: Analogy Relationships
Read the first word pair of the analogy. Write the phrase from the box that tells how the words are
related. Then choose the correct word to complete the analogy.
THINK!
Tell a partner why it is important to recognize how
the words in the first set of an analogy are related.
21
Example and Class Name ________________
Reviewing Example and Class
Things can be grouped or classed together because they are alike in some way.
Write two examples from the box for each class below.
1. Governments
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
2. Fabrics
3. Machines
4. Vegetables
5. Time
6. Mathematics
7. Literature
8. Painting
9. Geography
THINK!
Think of another example for each class.
22
Example and Class Name ________________
Example and Class Sets
An example and its class are often used in analogies. When the words in the first set of an analogy
are example and class, the words in the second set must be example and class too. Complete
each analogy sentence with the class of the third underlined word.
Tip
Pomegranate is to fruit as clarinet is to instrument. Say to yourself:
A pomegranate is a kind of fruit and a clarinet is a kind of instrument.
THINK!
Explain to a partner why you
chose each answer.
23
Example and Class Name ________________
Example and Class Analogies
Analogies are sometimes written with symbols. The symbol [:] stands for the words is to, and the
symbol [::] stands for as. Read the first word pair in each analogy below. Then choose the correct
word to complete the analogy.
Tip
fan : appliance :: crib : bed
Say to yourself: Fan is to appliance as crib is to bed. A fan
is an example of an appliance, and a crib is an example of a bed.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner.
Explain why you chose them.
24
Example and Class Name ________________
Example and Class Pairs
Each word pair is the beginning of an analogy. Complete the analogy by choosing the word pair
that is related in the same way.
Tip
hockey : sport :: tarragon : herb
Say to yourself: Hockey is an example of a sport. To complete the
analogy, the second word pair must also show an example and its class.
Tarragon is an example of an herb.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner. Explain why
you did not choose the other word pairs.
25
Example and Class Name ________________
Review 3: Analogy Relationships
Read the first word pair of the analogy. Write the phrase from the box that tells how the words are
related. Then choose the correct word to complete the analogy.
THINK!
Tell a partner why it is important to recognize how
the words in the first set of an analogy are related.
26
Object/Function Name ________________
Reviewing Object/Function
Things are often associated with their function. Write two examples from the box
under each function below.
THINK!
Think of another item that performs each function.
27
Object/Function Name ________________
Object/Function Sets
An object and its function often appear in analogies. When the words in the first word pair of an
analogy are an object and its function, the words in the second word pair must be an object and
its function too. Complete each analogy sentence with the function of the third underlined word.
Tip
Lamp is to light as mitt is to catch.
Say to yourself: A lamp is for lighting things,
and a mitt is for catching things.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner.
Explain why you chose them.
28
Object/Function Name ________________
Object/Function Analogies
Analogies are sometimes written with symbols. The symbol [:] stands for the words is to, and the
symbol [::] stands for as. Read the first word pair in each analogy below. Then choose the correct
word to complete the analogy.
Tip
airplane : fly :: comma : pause
Say to yourself: Airplane is to fly (the function of an airplane is to fly) as a comma
is to pause (the function of a comma is to indicate a pause).
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Review your answers with a partner. Explain
why you did not choose the other words.
29
Object/Function Name ________________
Object/Function Pairs
Each word pair is an analogy. Complete each analogy by choosing the word pair that is related in
the same way.
Tip
tooth : chew :: sign : inform
Say to yourself: The function of a tooth is to chew, and the function of a sign is to
inform. The second word pair also must show an object and its function.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner. Explain how the
word pairs you did not choose are related.
30
Object/Function Name ________________
Review 4: Analogy Relationships
Read the first set of the analogy. Write the phrase from the box that tells how the words are
related. Then choose the correct word to complete the analogy.
THINK!
Tell a partner why it is important to recognize how
the words in the first set of an analogy are related.
31
Doer/Action Name ________________
Reviewing Doer/Action
People and animals are often associated with the things they do. Write two
examples from the box under each person below.
1. Dentist
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
2. Artist
3. Carpenter
4. Tailor
5. Chef
6. Athlete
7. Lifeguard
8. Performer
9. Hairdresser
THINK!
Think of something else each person does.
32
Doer/Action Name ________________
Doer/Action Sets
People or animals and the things they do often appear in analogies. When the words in the first set
of an analogy are a doer and an action, the words in the second set must have this relationship
too. Complete each analogy sentence with the action of the third underlined word.
Tip
Sculptor is to chisel as architect is to design.
Say to yourself: An action that a sculptor does is to chisel stone
and an action that an architect does is to design buildings.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner.
Explain why you chose them.
33
Doer/Action Name ________________
Doer/Action Analogies
Analogies are sometimes written with symbols. The symbol [:] stands for the words is to, and the
symbol [::] stands for as. Read the first word pair in each analogy below. Then choose the correct
word to complete the analogy.
Tip
duck: waddle :: snake : slither
Say to yourself: An action that a duck does is to waddle,
and an action that a snake does is to slither.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Review your answers with a partner. Explain
why you did not choose the other words.
34
Doer/Action Name ________________
Doer/Action Pairs
Each word pair is the beginning of an analogy. Complete the analogy by choosing the word pair
that is related in the same way.
Tip
laundress : scrub :: janitor : mop
Say to yourself: An action that a laundress does is scrub.
To complete the analogy, the second word pair must also show
an action and someone who does it. A janitor mops.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner. Explain how
the word pairs you did not circle are related.
35
Doer/Action Name ________________
Review 5: Analogy Relationships
Read the first set of the analogy. Write the phrase from the box that tells how the words are related.
Then choose the correct word to complete the analogy.
THINK!
Tell a partner why it’s important to recognize how
the words in the first set of an analogy are related.
36
Location Name ________________
Reviewing Location
People, animals, and things are often associated with places. Write two
examples from the box under each location below.
1. Farm
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
2. Hospital
3. Ballpark
4. Theater
5. School
6. Sidewalk
7. Airplane
8. Aquarium
9. Bakery
THINK!
Think of something else that could
go in each location.
37
Location Name ________________
Location Sets
The locations associated with people, animals, or things are sometimes found in analogies. When
the words in the first set of an analogy name a location and a person, animal, or thing associated
with it, the words in the second set of the analogy must have this relationship too. Complete each
analogy sentence with the location of the third underlined word.
Tip
Shower is to bathroom as oven is to kitchen.
Say to yourself: A shower is found in a bathroom and an oven is found in a kitchen.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner.
Explain why you chose them.
38
Location Name ________________
Location Analogies
Analogies are sometimes written with symbols. The symbol [:] stands for the words is to, and the
symbol [::] stands for as. Read the first word pair in each analogy below. Then choose the correct
word to complete the analogy.
Tip
worker : factory :: baker : bakery
Say to yourself: A factory is a common location for a worker,
and a bakery is a common location for a baker.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Review your answers with a partner. Explain
why you did not choose the other words.
39
Location Name ________________
Location Pairs
Each word pair is the beginning of an analogy. Complete the analogy by choosing the word pair
that is related in the same way.
Tip
horse : ranch :: bird : nest
Say to yourself: A common location for a horse is a ranch,
and a common location for a bird is a nest.
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
THINK!
Read your answers to a partner. Explain how
the word pairs you did not circle are related.
40
Location Name ________________
Review 6: Analogy Relationships
Read the first set of the analogy. Write the phrase from the box that tells how the words are related.
Then choose the correct word to complete the analogy.
THINK!
Tell a partner why it’s important to recognize how
the words in the first set of an analogy are related.
41
Skillbuilder Name ________________
Test Prep 1
Choose the best word to complete each analogy.
42
Skillbuilder Name ________________
Test Prep 2
Choose the best word to complete each analogy.
43
Skillbuilder Name ________________
Test Prep 3
Choose the best word to complete each analogy.
44
Skillbuilder Name ________________
Test Prep 4
Choose the best word to complete each analogy.
45
Skillbuilder Name ________________
Test Prep 5
Choose the best word to complete each analogy.
46
Skillbuilder Name ________________
Test Prep 6
Choose the best word to complete each analogy.
47
Answers
page 8 1. rambled 2. scarce 3. thunderous page 33 1. B, 2. D, 3. A, 4. B, 5. D, 6. C, 7. A, 8. B
4. peculiar 5. dilapidated 6. abandon page 34 1. D, 2. C, 3. B, 4. D, 5. C, 6. B, 7. A, 8. C
7. reluctantly 8. bounding page 35 1. C, 2. A, 3. B, 4. D, 5. C, 6. A, 7. B, 8. D
page 9 1. B, 2. C, 3. B, 4. D, 5. A, 6. B, 7. D, 8. C page 36 1. synonyms; D 2. doer/action; B
page 10 1. A, 2. C, 3. D, 4. B, 5. C, 6. A, 7. C, 8. B 3. doer/action; C 4. antonyms; A
page 11 1. B, 2. B, 3. C, 4. A, 5. D, 6. B, 7. A, 8. C 5. example and class; C 6. homophones; D
page 12 1. clear 2. irrigated 3. increased 4. contentment 7. object/function; D 8. synonyms; A
5. excited 6. gorgeous 7. capture 8. located page 37 1. cow; pig 2. patient; nurse 3. vendor; bleacher
page 13 1. B, 2. A, 3. D, 4. C, 5. A, 6. B, 7. A, 8. D 4. dancer; director 5. student; principal
page 14 1. C, 2. B, 3. B, 4. D, 5. C, 6. D, 7. D, 8. C 6. mailbox; pedestrian 7. pilot; passenger
page 15 1. A, 2. B, 3. D, 4. C, 5. C, 6. A, 7. B, 8. D 8. goldfish; seaweed 9. flour; baker
page 16 1. antonyms; C 2. synonyms; D 3. antonyms; B page 38 1. D, 2. B, 3. B, 4. B, 5. D, 6. A, 7. C, 8. C
4. synonyms; D 5. synonyms; B 6. antonyms; A page 39 1. B, 2. A, 3. C, 4. D, 5. B, 6. D, 7. D, 8. B
7. antonyms; B 8. synonyms; C page 40 1. C, 2. B, 3. D, 4. A, 5. C, 6. A, 7. A, 8. D
Analogies: Grades 6-8 © Linda Ward Beech, Scholastic Teaching Resources
48