IFP 1014

1. (20 marks)

a) Name one basic quantity and one derived quantity and state their SI units.

Any one of the basic and derived quantities with their SI units 2

b) Write the number 0.010350 in the scientific notation and state the number of the
significant figures.
1.0350 × 10−2 , 5 s.f. 2

c) The terminal velocity of a falling human being with arms and legs outstretched is 195
km/hr. Write the velocity in the unit of m/s.
km 1 hr 103 m 1950
v ter = 195 × × =
hr 3600s 1 km 36
3
= 54.17 m s−1

d) ⃗ = −15 ^i − 20 ^j .
Determine the magnitude and direction of vector A

⃗ = √(−15)2 + (−20)2 = √ 225 + 400 = √625 = 25

A =|A|

θ = tan−1 ( 2015 ) = tan −1

( 1.33 ) = 53.1 o 4

θ x = 180o + 53.1 o = 233.1o

e) Given vector B ⃗ = 12 ^i − 5 ^j , calculate angle  between

⃗ = −3 ^i + 4 ^j and vector C
⃗ ×B
the two vectors and determine a unit vector parallel to the vector C ⃗.

⃗ | = √ (−3)2 + 42 = √ 9 + 16 = √ 25 = 5
B =|B

⃗ | = √ 12 2 + (−5)2 = √144 + 25 = √ 169 = 13

C = |C

⃗ ⃗ = (−3)(12) + (4)(−5) = −36 − 20 = −56

B⋅ C 5

⃗ ⃗ = BC cos (θ) = (5)(13) cos (θ) = 65 cos(θ)

B⋅ C

56
cos (θ) = − = −0.862 → θ = 149.5o
65

[ ]
^i ^j k^
⃗ =C
D ⃗ ×⃗
B = 12 −5 0 = 0 ^i + 0 ^j + k^ [ (12)(4) − (−5)(−3)] = 33 k^
−3 4 0

⃗
D 33 k^
d^ = = = k^ 24
D 33

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 IFP 1014

2. (20 marks)

a) A particle moving on a straight line with initial velocity of 20 m/s undergoes a constant
deceleration and finally comes to a stop in time of 5 seconds.

i) Calculate the deceleration of the particle.

( v − u) (0 − 20) 20 2
a= = = − = −4 m s−2
t 5 5

ii) Calculate the displacement of the particle in that time.

1 2 1
s = ut + a t = (20)(5) + (−4)(5 2) = 100 − 50 = 50 m 2
2 2

b) A projectile is launched horizontally from the rooftop of a building with initial speed of
10 m/s If the height of the building is 24.5 m, calculate the followings;
(assume g = 10 m/s2)

i) the time it takes for the projectile to hit the ground,

u x = u cos(θ) = 10cos (0 o ) = 10 m s−1, u y = usin (θ) = 10 sin(0 o ) = 0 m s−1

1 2 1
s y = uy t − gt → −24.5 = (0)t g − (10) t 2g = −5t 2g
2 2 3

→ tg =
√ 24.5
5
= √ 4.9 = 2.2 s

ii) the velocity of the projectile just before the impact,

v x = u x = 10 m s−1 , v y = u y − g t = 0 − (10)(2.2) = −22 m s−1

3
⃗v = (10 ^i − 22 ^j) m s−1

iii) the horizontal distance from the point of impact to the building.

s x = v x t g = u x t g = (10)(2.2) = 22 m 2

c) An applied F = 150 N is used to pull a block of mass m = 20 kg up a rough inclined

plane making a 30o angle with horizontal axis. The force is parallel to the plane and
friction coefficient of the surface  = 0.23. Assuming g = 10 m/s2, answer the
followings:

i) Draw the free body diagram (FBD) of the block.

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 IFP 1014

⃗
N

⃗
F

y
⃗
FR
x 2
30o
30o
⃗
W

ii) Write the expression for the net(total) force on the block.

⃗
FN = ⃗ ⃗+F
F+N ⃗R + W
⃗ = m⃗a 1

iii) Determine the normal force, the friction force, and the acceleration of the block

F Nx = F cos(0 o ) + N cos(90 o ) + F R cos(180o ) + W cos (240 o ) = m a x

F + 0 − F R + mg cos (240 o ) = m a x (1)

F Ny = F sin(0 o ) + N sin (90 o ) + F R sin(0 o ) + W sin(240o ) = m a y = m(0)

0 + N + 0 + mg sin(240 o ) = 0 (2)
5
o
From eqn(2) , N = −mg sin(240 ) = −(20)(10)(−0.866) = 173.2 N

F R = μ N = (0.23)(173.2) = 39.8 N

F − F R + mg cos (240 o ) 150 − 39.8 + (20)(10)(−0.5)

From eqn(1) , ax = =
m 20
150 − 139.8 10.2
= = = 0.51 m s−2
20 20

3. (20 marks)

a) For a particle moving in a uniform circular motion with velocity v and radius R, define
and state the SI unit of the period T, the frequency f, and the angular frequency .

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 IFP 1014

time to make one complete cycle, Unit : second (s)

number of complete cycles per second, Unit : Hertz (Hz) 3
angular displacement per second, Unit : radian/second (rad/s)

b) A steel ball of mass m = 250 g is tied at the end of a massless string of length l = 90 cm
and is spinned around in a vertical plane until it finally moves a circular path with a
nearly constant speed v = 4.0 vmin m/s. Calculate the followings.

i) The minimum speed vmin required for the ball to move in a circular path.

v min = √ R g = √ (0.9)(10) = √ 9 = 3 m s−1 2

ii) The angular frequency , the frequency f, and the period,T of the motion.

v = 4 v min = (4 )(3) = 12 m s−1

v (12)
ω= = = 13.3 rad s−1
R (0.9)

(13.3) 4
f = ω = = 2.12 Hz
2π (2 π)

1 1
T= = = 0.47 s
f 2.12

iii) The minimum and maximum tension in the string.

v2 (122 )
Fc = m = (0.25) = 40 N
R (0.9)
3
T min = F c − W = 40 − (0.25)(10) = 40 − 2.5 = 37.5 N

T max = F c + W = 40 + (0.25)(10) = 40 + 2.5 = 42.5 N

c) A block of mass m = 5 kg is released from a height of h = 20 m above ground.

Assuming the acceleration due to gravity, g = 10 m/s2, answer the followings:

i) Calculate the initial kinetic energy, KEi, potential energy, PEi and the total
mechanical energy, Ei of the block.

1
KEi = m v 2i = (0.5)(5)(0 2) = 0 J , PEi = m ghi = (5)(10)(20) = 1000 J
2
3
E i = KEi + PEi = 0 + 1000 = 1000 J

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 IFP 1014

ii) Determine the potential energy, PE and total mechanical energy E , and the
velocity, v of the block when it is at a height 10 m above ground.

PE10 = m gh10 = (5)(10)(10) = 500 J , E 10 = 1000 J

1
E 10 = KE 10 + PE 10 = m v 210 + 500 = 1000 J
2 3

(2)(500)
v 210 = = 200 , → v 10 = √ 200 = 14.1 m s−1
5

iii) Calculate the work W done by the force of gravity ⃗

F g on the block during the entire
fall.

⃗ g ⋅⃗s = F g (− ^j )⋅h(− ^j ) = F g h = W h = m g h
W=F
2
= (5)(10)(20) = 1000 J = 1 kJ

4. (20 marks)

a) In an elastic collision, particle A of mass mA = 200 g moving with velocity vA = 3 m/s

collides head-on with particle B of mass mB = 100 g moving with velocity vB = 1 m/s.

i) Calculate the total momentum and total kinetic energy of the particles before the
collision.

Before collision , Ptot = P A + P B = m A v A + mB v B = (0.2)(3) + (0.1)(1)

= 0.6 + 0.1 = 0.7 kg m s−1

1 1 4
Before collision , KEtot = m A v 2A + mB v 2B = (0.1)(3 2) + (0.05)(12)
2 2

= 0.9 + 0.05 = 0.95 J

ii) Calculate the velocities v'A and v'B of the particles after the collision.

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 IFP 1014

After collision , P' tot = P ' A + P ' B = m A v ' A + m B v ' B = 0.2 v ' A + 0.1 v ' B
1 1
After collision , KE' tot = m A v ' 2A + m B v ' 2B = 0.1 v ' 2A + 0.05 v ' 2B
2 2

0.2 v ' A + 0.1 v ' B = 0.7 → 2 v' A + v'B = 7 (1)

4
0.1 v ' 2A + 0.05 v ' 2B = 0.95 → 2 v ' 2A + v ' 2B = 19 (2)

From Eqn( 1)&(2): 3 v ' 2A − 14 v ' A + 15 = 0

5 11
(3 v ' A − 5)(v ' A − 3) = 0 → v 'A = = 1.7 m s−1 , v 'B = = 3.7 m s−1
3 3

iii) Determine the impulse J imparted on particle B.

v B = 1 m s−1, v ' B = 3.7 m s−1
2
J = Δ PB = P ' B − P B = mB (v ' B − v B ) = (0.1)(3.7 − 1) = 0.27 kg m s−1

b) Figure 1 below shows a uniform beam of length 7.60 m and weight 45 kg supported by
two blocks at a point 1 m and 2 m from the left and the right end of the beam
respectively.

1m 2m

Figure 1.

i) Draw the free-body diagram (FBD) of the beam.

⃗1
R ⃗2
R

2
1m 2m
⃗b
W

3.8 m

ii) Determine the reaction force that each block exerts on the beam.

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 IFP 1014

Cond 1: ⃗ net = R
F ⃗1 + R ⃗ b=⃗
⃗2 + W 0

Cond 2: ⃗τ net = ⃗τ 1 + ⃗τ 2 + ⃗τ b = ⃗
0

From Cond 1 : R1 + R2 = W b (1)

From Cond 2 : τ1 = τ 2 (2)

x1 4
From (2) x 1 R1 = x 2 R2 , From (1) R 1 = W b − R 2 = mb g − R
x2 1

mb g (45)(10) 450
R1 = = = = 176 N
x1 2.8 2.56
( 1+
x2 ) (
1+
1.8 )
R 2 = W b − R 1 = 450 − 176 = 274 N

c) A steel wire of length l = 3.2 m is placed under tension, its length changes by 0.5 cm. If
the diameter of the wire d = 2 mm, calculate the tension T of the wire. (The Young's
modulus for steel, ES = 200 109 Pa).

F T 4T Δl
Stress , σ = = = , Strain , ε =
A d 2
π d2 l
π
4

4T Δl
Hooke ' s law , σ = Eε , → 2
= Es 4
πd l

π d 2 Es Δ l π(2 × 10−3)2 (2 × 1011 )(5 × 10−3 )

T= = = 982 N
4l 4(3.2)

5. (20 marks)

a)
i) Define pressure P and state its SI unit of measurement.

Force (F) per area (A), SI unit : N/m2 or Pa 21

ii) The wreck of the Titanic lies at a depth of 3.75 km. Calculate the pressure P due to
the seawater at that depth in kPa and atm. (seawater = 1.025 g cm-3)

P = ρsw g h = (1025)(10)(3750) = 38,437.5 kPa

3
= 379.4 atm

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 IFP 1014

b)
i) State the Archimedes' principle.
Buoyant force acting on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced by the object. 1

ii) A block of solid Aluminum (Al) is placed in a metal container filled with liquid
Mercury (Hg). Calculate the percentage volume of the block submerged below the
surface of the Mercury. (Al = 2.7 g cm-3, Hg = 13.6 g cm-3)

For floating object , FB = Wo → ρHg V Hg = ρ Al V Al

3
V Hg ρ 2.7
→ % = ρ Al × 100 = × 100 = 19.9 %
V Al Hg 13.6

c) Define and state the SI unit of the followings:

i) Temperature and heat.
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is, Unit : Kelvin (K) or
Celcius (oC)
Heat refers to a form of energy transfered from one object to another because of a
difference in temperature, Unit : Joule (J)
2
ii) Specific heat and latent heat of fusion of a substance.
The amount of heat required to change the temperature of 1 kg of substance by 1 oC,
Unit: J/kg oC
The amount of heat required to change 1 kg of substance in solid phase to
liquid phase at the melting temperature, Unit: J/kg
2
d) If 150 g of ice at -3.5 oC is added to 250 ml of water at a temperature of 75 oC, what is
the final state and the final temperature of the mixture. Ignore the heat loss to the
surroundings. (Lf = 333 kJ/kg, cice = 2100 J/kgCo, cw = 4200 J/kgCo).

Q melt−ice = Q ci + Q fi = mi c i T i + mi L fi = (0.15)[(2100)( 3.5) + 333×103 ]

= 51052.5 J

Q water−ice = Q cw = mw c w (T w −0) = (0.25)( 4200)(75)

4
= 78750 J

Q water−ice > Q melt−ice → final state is liquid water

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 IFP 1014

Q ice = Qci + Q fi + Qciw = mi ci T i + mi L fi + mi ciw T f

Q ice = ( 0.15)[( 2100)(3.5) + 333×10 3 + 4200 T f ]
= 51052.5 + 630 T f

Q w = Q cw = mw c w (T w −T f ) = (0.25)(4200)(75−T f )
= 78750 − 1050 T f 4

Q ice = Qw → 51052.5 + 630 T f = 78750 − 1050 T f

27697.5
1680 T f = 27697.5 → T f = = 16.5 oC
1680

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